The LICK OBSERVER
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Volume 2 Winter 2014 Number 1 University of California Observatories Lick Observatory Est. 1888 The LICK OBSERVER UC OBSERVATORIES DIRECTOR’S REMARKS by Sandra Faber • Interim Director The stars still shine careful tuning, APF’s precision b r i g h t l y o v e r L i c k Doppler spectrograph works exactly Observatory! Despite as planned and can measure planetary Planets near Earth-size come with various amounts of gas (white), on top of a rocky core and thin layer of UC’s announced cutoff of tugs slower than the speed of a human water (blue). Te APF can distinguish the purely rocky planets from those with large amounts of gas. operating funds for Lick walk. We foresee that APF will be the APF AND KEPLER: IN TANDEM TOWARD EARTH- by 2018, observers still premier telescope for exoplanet use the telescopes nightly from all discovery in the next decade. LIKE PLANETS By Geoffrey Marcy • UCB Astronomer corners of the UC system and While dedicated Lick mountain staff inspiring new technology is, as usual, are tending to these dazzling new Among the 100 billion layer of hydrogen and helium gas, like being developed. The second- machines, other staff and friends are stars in our Milky Way, Jupiter and Neptune, suffocating any generation Shane adaptive optics (AO) seeing to the future of Lick. This how many contain chances for life? system began commissioning on the issue of the Newsletter announces the habitable planets, and The APF telescope and its Levy Shane 3-meter reflector in November. formation of the Lick Observatory how many contain Spectrometer are perfectly suited to By next summer, this advanced AO Council. Comprised of distinguished intelligent life? Faculty determine which of the planets are system will be taking pictures that rival scientists and citizens, many in the and students in the rocky and which are fluffed-up by gas. the Hubble Telescope’s in sharpness. Bay Area, and led by indefatigable University of California are using Lick The APF can make Doppler ShaneAO is debuting a much brighter Professor Alex Filippenko of UC Observatory’s new Automated Planet measurements of the host star, timed laser guide star, a faster deformable Berkeley, the Council has dedicated Finder (APF) telescope to answer these precisely when the planets are mirror, and software that actually itself to finding new resources for questions. They are using the APF in “rounding the turn” in their orbit. At anticipates the next AO correction based Lick for both near-term and long- tandem with the greatest planet- that instant, the star has a maximum on wind measurements. The first term projects. Soon, you’ll be hunting machine in history, NASA’s velocity toward us or away from us, adaptive optics system in astronomy noticing new signage for an “Astro- Kepler space-borne telescope, to giving us an easily detectable measure began on the Shane in the 1990’s, and History Trail” that explains epochal determine which of the thousands of of the gravitational pull by the planet, its advances are, and will continue to events in the history of astronomy Earth-size planets are habitable. and hence its mass. be, the foundations of AO on much that have happened at Lick. You’ll By watching the dimming of stars as The masses of the planets, measured larger telescopes, such as UC’s Keck also be hearing about a program to their planets cross in front, Kepler by the APF, along with the planet and Thirty-Meter Telescopes. preserve the historic Lick artifacts detects the planets, and it also measures diameters measured by Kepler, The Automated Planet Finder collection. And you will be reading both their diameters (from the amount establish the density of each of the Telescope, smaller cousin to the Shane, about efforts to identify more of dimming) and the clock-like timing planets. Those planets as dense as began regularly taking data last significant resources to support long of their orbits. A key question looms. Earth are rocky, while those less dense summer. APF is a 2.4 meter telescope term operations. These are just a few Which of them is rocky, like Earth, and have thick layers of gas. ✯ that is dedicated to finding exoplanets of the Council’s initiatives. which are simply surrounded by a thick via the tiny tugs of planet gravity on You can help. See below right and parent stars. As I write this, APF had tell the President of UC how much its first night of fully robotic operations Lick means to you personally as a Help Save Lick Observatory last night…like Google Car, it drives historic, cultural, and scientific icon Lick is a vibrant center that conducts cutting-edge research, hands-on training of itself! Best of all, after a year of for California.✯ top graduate students, public outreach and education. It is a rich source of knowledge and it needs your help to continue and to grow its mission. Here are AUTOMATED PLANET FINDER (APF) AT LICK IS a couple of ways you can make a difference. livepage.ap OPERATIONAL By Steven S. Vogt • UCSC Astronomer Make a Tax-Deductible Gift Gifts to the Friends of Lick Observatory provide flexible support that can be used where the needs are most pressing. Some of our current projects include: APF, a new 2.4-meter provides exoplanet hunters with more • A revolutionary new red detector for the Kast Double-Beam Spectrometer, telescope on Mt. repeat data than possible on a shared the most requested instrument at Lick Observatory. Hamilton, has moved large telescope (such as Keck), thereby • Support for the Automated Planet Finder, the first telescope capable of from commissioning into enabling enough data points on a given robotically detecting rocky planets that might support life in other planetary routine science-quality star to tease out the extremely weak systems. operations. Equipped with an optical signals of any rocky planets orbiting in • Next-generation Shane Adaptive Optics system, enabling ground-based echelle spectrometer (the Levy the liquid-water habitable zone. APF telescopes to capture images much clearer than even space-based telescopes. spectrometer), APF is optimized for operates every clear night of the year, • The Life at Lick program, combining the excitement of astronomy and the high-precision radial velocities. The and hence requires a high degree of explorations of people who live and work at Lick Observatory to engage middle APF project was launched almost 10 automation. school students in Santa Clara County. years ago by the California-Carnegie For safety If you would prefer to send a check, please mail it to: UCO/Lick Observatory reasons, nightly Exoplanet team, expressly to find 1156 High Street Santa Cruz, CA 95064 potentially-habitable rocky planets observing is around nearby low-mass stars. Such still overseen Checks should be made out to the UC Santa Cruz Foundation with Lick planets are detectable through the by human Observatory written in the memo line or on another sheet of paper. Please note Doppler velocity variations they exert attendants, but that the UC Observatories (includes Lick) are headquartered at UC Santa Cruz on their host stars. These planets have as of the first and operate on behalf of the entire University of California System. 20-60 day periods, a range that is close of the year, APF has moved into an Become a Friend to the lunar cycle and thus hard to autonomous, fully-robotic mode. Initiate a closer relationship with Lick and capture from conventionally-shared After major on-sky commissioning in at the same time receive valuable benefits telescopes scheduled around lunar the spring and summer of 2013, by joining Friends of Lick Observatory. phases. APF, however, will provide science-quality operations started in If you would like to speak with someone in more detail about July. Tests with standard stars show exoplanet hunting teams at Santa Cruz the specific needs at Lick Observatory, please contact Rebecca and Berkeley nightly telescope access that the fraction of photons detected throughout the lunar month. APF also is double to triple (cont. on page 2) Zeilon, Sr. Director of Development at 831-459-4240 or Professor Raja Guha Thakurta at 831-459-5169. The LICK OBSERVER The LICK OBSERVER Winter 2014 Page 2 (APF Operational from page 1) that V=18.5 possible when using the charge FRIENDS OF LICK OBSERVATORY of competing planet-hunting facilities multiplication mode. Besides exoplanet around the world. Other tests detection, APF will also be a powerful In the past year and a half, Friends of Lick Observatory (FoLO) has moved indicated that APF is delivering sub- workhorse for other high-resolution forward with its mission of supporting Lick by reaching out to the community meter/second precision, superior to spectroscopic projects, since a and raising funds to help sustain the Observatory's facilities and underwrite that obtainable with Keck/HIRES. The significant fraction of APF time will be some of its research and educational programs. APF facility offers spectral coverage of available to users across the UC With help from FoLO, Lick Observatory: 374-970 nm, with spectral resolving community. Go to www.ucolick.org/ • Provided hands-on observing workshops for astronomy graduate students powers up to 150,000. Though public/telescopes/apf.html for more throughout the UC system primarily intended for objects brighter details on APF and its science. ✯ • Began to refurbish the historic 36-inch Great Lick Refractor than V=13, objects as faint as V=15 • Started upgrades to improve the sensitivity of the Kast spectrograph are easily acquired and tracked, with • Expanded the 2013 season of the Music of the Spheres concert series and the always popular Summer Visitors Program 2013 MT.