Regional Integrated Solid Waste Management Project at Rewa by Rewa MSW Holding Ltd. Pre-Feasibility Report
PRE-FEASIBILITY REPORT Regional Integrated Solid Waste Management Project at Rewa by Rewa MSW Holding Limited
1. Executive Summary
The current Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management system in Rewa and 27 other surrounding ULB’s currently does not comply with Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016. Government of Madhya Pradesh (GoMP), realizing the necessity of efficient waste management system, wanted to establish an Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) Project on Public Private Partnership (PPP) basis for management of MSW generated in Rewa Town and 27 other surrounding ULBs (12 ULBs from Rewa District, 12 ULBs from Satna District and 4 ULBs from Sidhi District).
The 28 ULBs have entered into an inter-ULB agreement for establishing an “Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) Project” on regional basis through public private participation. The participating ULBs have nominated Nagar Palik Nigam Rewa (NPNR) as their lead member and authorized NPNR to select a private party through bidding process. “Rewa MSW Holding Limited (RMSWHL)” was chosen by NPNR for ISWM Project, through bidding process, with a concession period of 21 years.
The current waste generation from the 28 ULBs is estimated to be about 340 TPD. However, considering the population forecast and corresponding waste generation, the Project Proponent, Rewa MSW Holding Limited, proposes to establish a 700 TPD Regional Integrated Soild Waste Management Facility in Rewa Town. The proposed ISWM Project will manage different kinds of waste generated in the whole project area, including residential, commercial, expired/rejected branded products (non-hazardous), institutional, hotels, restaurants, markets, marriage halls, gardens, parks, and non-hazardous industrial waste, construction and demolition waste etc.
It is proposed to establish the 700 TPD Integrated Solid Waste Management Project with the following key components: Waste to Energy Plants – 2 x 6 MW (Phase I: 6 MW and Phase II – 6 MW); Sanitary Landfill – 175 TPD; Compost Plant – 300 TPD; RDF Processing Plant – 500 TPD; Animal Carcass Digester – 200 kg/day; Construction and Demolition Waste Management Facility – 100 TPD. The ISWM Project will be established in a land of about 18.35 hectares located in Pahadiya village, Rewa. Site Features are presented in Table – 1.
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Regional Integrated Solid Waste Management Project at Rewa by Rewa MSW Holding Ltd. Pre-Feasibility Report
Table 1: Site Features Nature of the Project Integrated Solid Waste Management Facility Location Pahadiya Village, Rewa (24°35'44.95"N, 81°23'06.10"E) Land Area 18.35 Hectares (45.34 Acres approximately) Nearest Town Rewa Town ( 9 km SW) Nearest Railway Station Rewa railway station (14.5 km SW) Nearest Airport Rewa Air Strip (18.5 km SW) Nearest Highway NH 7 (4 km SE)
The water requirement for the proposed project is estimated to be about 200 KLD. However, with inclusion of second 6 MW Waste to Energy plant in the future, another 120 KLD will be required. It is expected that Rewa Municipal Corporation would supply water to this facility. Otherwise, water requirement would be met through borewells/tankers. The power requirement during construction phase is estimated to be about 150 KVA which will be fulfilled by MPTRANSCO. The power generated from the waste to energy plant will be utilized for the ISWM Plant power needs. The auxiliary power consumption is estimated to be about 18% of the total power generated. DG Sets are proposed for power backup.
The soils of the region under consideration are ferruginous and clayey. The soil in this region fall into two categories: red and black soils. The relative humidity generally exceeds 87% during the monsoon season in the month of August. Relative humidity decreases during non- monsoon season. In summer season, relative humidity is less than 36 %. May is the driest month of the year.
The average annual rainfall of the region under consideration is 1200 mm. The district receives maximum rainfall during south-west monsoon period from June to September. Showers with lighting and hail are witnessed. Over 95% of the rainfall falls between June and September, with maximum rain generally in July-August.
Wastewater from Waste to Energy Plant(s) will be used for ash quenching etc. There will not be any wastewater discharge to outside the premises of Waste to Energy Plant. Adequate measures are proposed to be taken up for leachate management. Since the plant is designed with a closed windrow, and best practices are followed during landfill operation, minimum quantity of leachate will be generated which either will be circulated to landfill, sprayed on landfill for dust control, use to keep the windrows moist. Flue gases from Waste to Energy Plant will be treated with necessary Air Pollution Control Devices (APCDs) before releasing into atmosphere.
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Regional Integrated Solid Waste Management Project at Rewa by Rewa MSW Holding Ltd. Pre-Feasibility Report
It is estimated that it will take up to 18 months for execution of the proposed project (ISWM) with all the facilities proposed. Operations will continue for a minimum of about 20 years. The approximate cost estimate for the proposed facility for Phase – I (with 6 MW Waste to Energy Plant) is about INR 160 Crores. About 100 full time employees and 80 contractual employees will be employed for project operation. About 400 indirect employment will be generated for primary/secondary collection, transportation etc.
2. Introduction
2.1. Current Situation of MSW Management in Rewa
The current municipal waste management practice in Rewa and surrounding ULBs does not comply with Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016. Non-compliance(s) to SWM Rules include: (a) unmanaged and insufficient primary and secondary collection; (b) there is no segregation of waste; (c) most waste dumped in open areas; (d) there is no recovery of resources from waste before disposal; and (e) indiscriminate dumping and no sanitary landfill.
2.2. Need for the Proposed Project
Indiscriminate and open burning of wastes results in air pollution. Indiscriminate dumping of waste and leachate from waste dumpsites, and contaminated lands leads to land pollution, surface water contamination, and ground water contamination. Also, a significant delay between waste generation and final disposal results in odour nuisance, environmental degradation, fly and rodent infestation etc.
It is highly necessary to establish an Integrated Solid Waste Management Project with material recovery facility (for recovery of recyclables), compost plant, waste to energy plant, sanitary landfill, construction and demolition waste management facility, digester for dead animal carcass etc.
2.3. Location Map of Rewa and Participating ULBs (MSW Service Area)
As per SWM Rules 2016, it is mandatory to set up an efficient management of Municipal Waste including: (1) Waste Collection (2) Transportation (3) Processing and (4) Disposal of Inert Waste through Sanitary Landfill by each ULB but the proposed ULB’s does not have technical and financial strength to set up the Integrated system on their own, hence to make SWM services financially sustainable and efficient, the project is designed
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Regional Integrated Solid Waste Management Project at Rewa by Rewa MSW Holding Ltd. Pre-Feasibility Report
on cluster approach i.e. one common integrated solid waste management facility at Rewa Town (where waste generation is more and is located in the middle).
All the participating towns (Kotar, Kothi, Jaitwara, Govindgarh, Baikunthpur, Naigarhi, Chakghat, Simour, Rampur – Naikin, Majholi – Sidhi, Semaria, Mangawan, Rampur – Baghela, Birsinghpur, Gurh, Churhat, Hanumana, Teonthar, Unchehra, Amarpatan, Chitrakoot, Nagod, New – Ramnagar, Mauganj, Sidhi, Maher, Rewa and Satna) are within a radius of 83 km of Rewa City and all these towns are connected to Rewa through all- weather roads. Figure 1 shows the location of ULBs along with approximate distances of each ULB from Rewa town. Figure 2 shows the flow diagram of ULB’s.
2.4. Current Waste Generation and Waste Generation Forecast
Rewa Municipal Corporation estimates that the current total waste geration (considering Rewa Town and 27 surrounding ULBs together) to be about 340 TPD. However, considering the population projection and the waste generation forecast, it is proposed to establish the Integrated Waste Management Facility to handle about 700 TPD (Design Capacity). Table 2 presents the waste generation forecast from the project area.
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Regional Integrated Solid Waste Management Project at Rewa by Rewa MSW Holding Ltd. Pre-Feasibility Report
Figure 1: Map showing proposed ULBs with distances from Rewa
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Regional Integrated Solid Waste Management Project at Rewa by Rewa MSW Holding Ltd. Pre-Feasibility Report
Figure 2: Flow Diagram of ULB’s
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Regional Integrated Solid Waste Management Project at Rewa by Rewa MSW Holding Ltd. Pre-Feasibility Report
Table 2: Waste Generation Forecast from the Project Area
S. Per Population TPD Population TPD Population TPD Population TPD Population TPD Population TPD Population TPD N ULB's capita (2011) (2011) (2015) (2015) (2020) (2020) (2025) (2025) (2030) (2030) (2035) (2035) (2040) (2040) o Waste 1 Govindgarh 250 10,547 2.6 11,045 2.8 11,668 2.9 12,349 3.1 13,046 3.3 13,807 3.5 14,585 3.6 2 Baikunthpur 250 10,282 2.6 11,062 2.8 12,037 3.0 13,160 3.3 14,320 3.6 15,656 3.9 17,036 4.3 3 Naigarhi 250 10,404 2.6 11,083 2.8 11,932 3.0 12,830 3.2 13,740 3.4 14,699 3.7 15,670 3.9 4 Chakghat 250 10,678 2.7 11,850 3.0 13,314 3.3 15,100 3.8 16,966 4.2 19,241 4.8 21,619 5.4 5 Sirmour 250 11,878 3.0 12,630 3.2 13,570 3.4 14,629 3.7 15,717 3.9 16,943 4.2 18,204 4.6 6 Semaria 250 13,446 3.4 14,778 3.7 16,442 4.1 18,436 4.6 20,513 5.1 23,000 5.8 25,591 6.4 7 Mangawan 250 13,700 3.4 14,869 3.7 16,330 4.1 18,040 4.5 19,813 5.0 21,887 5.5 24,037 6.0
8 Gurh 250 14,608 3.7 15,569 3.9 16,771 4.2 18,168 4.5 19,615 4.9 21,257 5.3 22,949 5.7 9 Hanumana 250 16,771 4.2 18,219 4.6 20,028 5.0 22,150 5.5 24,350 6.1 26,930 6.7 29,604 7.4 10 Teonthar 250 17,039 4.3 18,303 4.6 19,884 5.0 21,699 5.4 23,572 5.9 25,723 6.4 27,944 7.0 11 Mauganj 250 26,420 6.6 28,930 7.2 32,068 8.0 35,801 9.0 39,684 9.9 44,304 11.1 49,108 12.3 12 Rewa 350 235,654 82.5 268,804 94.1 310,242 108.6 363,337 127.2 419,348 146.8 491,117 171.9 566,825 198.4 Rewa District Rewa 13 Kotar 250 7,520 1.9 8,504 2.1 9,735 2.4 12,409 3.1 15,443 3.9 19,921 5.0 24,759 6.2 14 Kothi 250 8,793 2.2 10,139 2.5 11,822 3.0 15,329 3.8 19,292 4.8 25,081 6.3 31,327 7.8 15 Jaitwara 250 9,685 2.4 10,637 2.7 11,828 3.0 14,302 3.6 17,096 4.3 21,174 5.3 25,572 6.4 16 Rampur – Ba. 250 13,638 3.4 15,218 3.8 17,192 4.3 20,463 5.1 24,057 6.0 28,948 7.2 34,164 8.5 17 Birsinghpur 250 14,339 3.6 15,512 3.9 16,978 4.2 18,683 4.7 20,449 5.1 22,503 5.6 24,630 6.2 18 Unchehra 250 18,442 4.6 19,312 4.8 20,399 5.1 21,588 5.4 22,804 5.7 24,134 6.0 25,493 6.4 19 Amarpatan 250 19,409 4.9 20,964 5.2 22,907 5.7 25,529 6.4 28,321 7.1 31,791 7.9 35,432 8.9
20 Chitrakoot 250 23,316 5.8 23,750 5.9 24,293 6.1 24,855 6.2 25,423 6.4 26,013 6.5 26,607 6.7 21 Nagod 250 22,568 5.6 24,828 6.2 27,652 6.9 31,043 7.8 34,575 8.6 38,814 9.7 43,230 10.8 22 N. Ramnagar 250 22,505 5.6 25,307 6.3 28,810 7.2 33,186 8.3 37,780 9.4 43,518 10.9 49,542 12.4 23 Maher 300 60,693 18.2 66,476 19.9 73,704 22.1 82,310 24.7 91,259 27.4 101,915 30.6 112,997 33.9 24 Satna 350 280,222 98.1 316,240 110.7 361,263 126.4 417,860 146.3 477,350 167.1 552,134 193.2 630,741 220.8 Satna District Satna 25 RampurNaikin 250 11,936 3.0 12,918 3.2 14,146 3.5 15,575 3.9 17,054 4.3 18,777 4.7 20,561 5.1 26 Majholi - Sidhi 250 11,892 3.0 19,468 4.9 28,937 7.2 50,471 12.6 75,020 18.8 130,846 32.7 194,492 48.6 27 Churhat 250 14,962 3.7 15,810 4.0 16,871 4.2 18,052 4.5 19,264 4.8 20,612 5.2 21,995 5.5 28 Sidhi 300 54,331 16.3 62,531 18.8 72,780 21.8 86,124 25.8 100,241 30.1 118,619 35.6 138,062 41.4 Sidhi Sidhi Dt. Total 985,678 303.8 1,104,756 341.1 1,253,603 387.9 1,453,478 449.9 1,666,112 515.8 1,959,364 605.2 2,272,776 700.5
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Regional Integrated Solid Waste Management Project at Rewa by Rewa MSW Holding Ltd. Pre-Feasibility Report
2.5. Waste Characterization
Based on the physical composition analysis of waste, it has been found out that about 57% of the waste is biodegradable, 33% are recyclables with very low inert content of only 10%.
Table 3: Physical Composition of Waste Waste component % share Food, vegetable& other organic 56.6 waste Textile 4.5 Paper, cardboard 6.6 Plastic and Polythene 18.7 Glass & Ceramic 2.9 Rubber & Leather 1.5 Wood 1.5 Stones & Bricks 7.5 Metal 0.3 Total 100
2.6. Employment Generation Due to the Proposed Project
About 100 full time employees and 85 contractual employees will be employed for project operation. About 400 indirect employment will be generated for primary/secondary collection, transportation etc.
3. Project Description
3.1. Location of the Project and Project Boundary
The proposed Integrated SWM Facility will be established in an area of 18.35 hectares located in Pahadiya village, Rewa town (google map coordinates: 24°35'44.95"N, 81°23'06.10"E). Figure 3 shows the ‘Project Location’, Figure 4 shows Topographical Map of the Proposed Project (10 km radius) and Figure 5 shows the ‘Project Boundary’ on Google map. The proposed layout is presented in Figure 6 and the description of various components of the layout is presented in the following sections.
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Figure 3: Location/Satellite View of the Proposed Site
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Regional Integrated Solid Waste Management Project at Rewa by Rewa MSW Holding Ltd. Pre-Feasibility Report
Figure 4: Topographical Map (10 km radius) of the Proposed Site
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Regional Integrated Solid Waste Management Project at Rewa by Rewa MSW Holding Ltd. Pre-Feasibility Report
Figure 5: Project Boundary on Google Map
Proposed Project location
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Regional Integrated Solid Waste Management Project at Rewa by Rewa MSW Holding Ltd. Pre-Feasibility Report
Figure 6: Proposed Layout
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Regional Integrated Solid Waste Management Project at Rewa by Rewa MSW Holding Ltd. Pre-Feasibility Report
3.2. Alternative Sites Considered and the Basis for Selection of the Proposed Site
No alternative sites were considered for development of the Integrated MSW facility. The proposed site based in Pahadiya village, Rewa proves to be the best location considering both the environmental and economical factors. Table-4 below shows the brief of the location analysis of the site.
Table 4: Location Analysis for the Proposed Site S.No. Parameter Criteria Observation There are no lake or Pond located Lake or pond Should not be within 1. within 200 m from site (Distance from SW body) 200 m Village Lake is located – 0.5 km, SE No rivers located within 100m from site. River Should not be within Canal- 1.5 km, W 2. 100 m Mahanadi River Located- 6 km E Bihar Nadi located – 8 km NW Bichia Nadi located- 12.5 km SW Should not be within 3. Flood plain Not in flood prone area 100 year flood plain High way – State or Should not be within NH- 7 located Approx. 4 km South from 4. National 200 m site Habitation – Notified Should not be within Habitation observed close to site 5. habituated area 200 m boundary. Should not be within None in within 200 m radius of project 6. Public Parks 200 m site Critical habitat area – 7. area in which one or more Not suitable No endangered species live 8. Reserved Forest area Not suitable None in study area 9. Wet lands Not suitable No Should not be within Rewa Hawai Patti Airport located 18.5 10. Air Port or Airbase 20 km km Southwest No Water supply None in within 200 m radius of project 11. Water supply well well within 200 m site 12. Coastal Regulation Area Not suitable Not applicable GW table should be Depth to water levels post monsoon 13. Ground Water Table level >2m from the base season in study area is below 5 m of the landfill (source: CGWB) No 14. Sensitive eco-fragile areas Not suitable Rewa Bihad Eco Park- 12km SW
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3.3. Size of the Facility
The current MSW waste generation from Rewa and surrounding ULBs is about 340 TPD. Considering the population and corresponding waste generation forecast in the year 2040, the proposed Integrated SWM Facility will be established to handle about 700 tons of MSW per day (700 TPD).
3.4. Selection of Technologies
Municipal Solid Waste is highly heterogeneous and diverse in shape, density, size, and other physical and chemical parameters. Hence a simple or single method of screening will not help in separation of constituents. Besides, the time lag between generation and delivery will initiate decaying process leading to foul odor making it difficult to handle in normal course. Hence multilevel and multistage separation will have to be adopted using appropriate machinery.
Though MSW contains valuable constituents, the task of recovering the same is complicated and complex. The envisaged recoverable are compost from organic fractions and recyclables like plastics, glasses, metals etc. The Technology selected should facilitate maximum recovery of these resources effectively and economically. Compost being the main resource, the process conditions should ensure acceptable quality for the end product at affordable cost.
There are several MSW processing technologies, which are being followed in various parts of the world. Besides source reduction, reuse and recycling, broad categories of available technologies for processing MSW are mentioned below:
Thermal Processing Technologies Biological Processing Technologies Physical Processing Technologies
Waste Processing Technology/Group Waste Processing Technology Thermal Processing Technologies Incineration Pyrolysis Pyrolysis/Gasification Plasma Arc Gasification Biological Processing Technologies Aerobic Digestion (Composting)
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Anaerobic Digestion (Biomethanation) Landfillas Bioreactor (Bioreactor Landfill) Physical Processing Technologies Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) Densification/Pelletisation Mechanical Separation Size reduction
3.5. Project Description with Process Details
The Municipal solid waste collected from the 28 ULB’s will be brought to ISWM Project. The proposed facility consists of material recovery facility (for recovery of recyclables), compost plant, waste to energy plant, sanitary landfill, construction and demolition waste (C&D) management facility.
The collected MSW consists of mixed and uneven waste so it requires preliminary sorting and segregation. The reusables will be recovered from the material recovery facility, bulky materials will be sent to the landfills and the C&D waste will be sent to the construction and demolition management facility. Then the screned waste will be sent to composting facility and waste to energy plant.
Initially one 6 MW Waste to Energy Plant will be established. At a later stage, when the waste increases, one more 6 MW Waste to Energy Plant will be established. After meeting the power plant internal consumption, the remaining power will be stepped up by a step-up transformer and exported to the MPEB grid. The complete plant instrumentation and control system for power plant shall be based on distributed controlled system (DCS) philosophy, covering the total functioning requirements of measuring, monitoring, alarming and controlling, logging, sequence interlocks and equipment protection etc.
The quantity of the final products resulting from processing facility may vary depending on the characteristics of incoming waste. The quantity of inert / process rejects sent to landfill will be restricted to less than 25%.
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3.6. Water Requirement and its Availability
The water requirement for the proposed project is estimated to be about 200 KLD. However, with inclusion of second 6 MW Waste to Energy plant in the future, another 120 KLD will be required. It is expected that Rewa Municipal Corporation would supply water to this facility. Otherwise, water requirement would be met through borewells/tankers.
3.7. Energy and Power Requirement and its Source
The power requirement during construction phase is estimated to be about 150 KVA which will be fulfilled by MPTRANSCO. The power generated from the waste to energy plant will be utilized for the ISWM Plant power needs. The auxiliary power consumption is estimated to be about 18% of the total power generated. DG Sets are proposed for power backup.
3.8. Leachate Management
Leachate will be generated from the MSW in the compost process and from Landfill. The proper management of leachate is essential in waste management as the untreated leachate discharges will lead to water and as well as soil contamination. The proper management of leachate requires managing the collection process from the generation source, storage and treatment before its disposal.
In the proposed integrated facility the leachate will be managed by proper collection, storage and treatment. At the generation points proper drainage / collection network will be provided to prevent contamination due to overflows. Also the collection system will be provided with intermediate storage tanks based on the generation quantity. From there the leachate will be routed to storage tanks before its treatment.
The options to be considered for leachate management are;
• Discharge to Lined Drains: This option is usually not feasible. It can only be adopted if the leachate quality is shown to satisfy all waste water discharge standards for lined drains, consistently for a period of several years.
• Re-circulation: One of the methods for treatment of leachate is to re-circulate it through to the windrows or landfill. This has two beneficial effects: (i) the process of
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Regional Integrated Solid Waste Management Project at Rewa by Rewa MSW Holding Ltd. Pre-Feasibility Report
landfill stabilization is accelerated and (ii) the constituents of the leachate are attenuated by the biological, chemical and physical changes occurring with the landfill. Re-circulation of leachate requires the design of a distribution system to ensure that the leachate passes uniformly throughout the entire waste. Since gas generation is faster in such a process, the landfill should be equipped with a well-designed gas removal system.
• Evaporation of Leachate: One of the techniques used to manage leachate is to spray it in lined leachate ponds and allow the leachate to evaporate. Such ponds have to be covered with geo-membrane during the high rainfall periods. The leachate is exposed during the summer months to allow evaporation. Odour control has to be exercised at such ponds. As a standby, this proposal envisages construction of leachate evaporation ponds as a buffer.
• Treatment of Leachate: Leachate treatment requirements depend on the final disposal of the leachate. Since the plant is designed with a closed windrow, and best practices are followed during landfill operation, minimum qty of leachate will be generated which either will be circulated to landfill, sprayed on landfill for dust control, use to keep the windrows moist.
3.9. Wastewater from Waste to Energy Plant
Wastewater from Waste to Energy Plant(s) will be used for ash quenching etc. There will not be any wastewater discharge to outside the premises of Waste to Energy Plant.
4. Site Analysis
4.1. Connectivity
The proposed site is well connected. The site is located 3.8 km from NH – 7. All the participating towns (Kotar, Kothi, Jaitwara, Govindgarh, Baikunthpur, Naigarhi, Chakghat, Simour, Rampur – Naikin, Majholi – Sidhi, Semaria, Mangawan, Rampur – Baghela, Birsinghpur, Gurh, Churhat, Hanumana, Teonthar, Unchehra, Amarpatan, Chitrakoot, Nagod, New – Ramnagar, Mauganj, Sidhi, Maher, Rewa and Satna) are within a radius of 83 km of Rewa City and all these towns are connected to Rewa through all- weather roads. Nearest Railway station is Rewa Railway station located in 15 km South West direction from site.
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4.2. Land Form, Land Use, and Land Ownership
Currently the land is owned by Rewa Municipal Corporation and it will be continued to be owned by Rewa Municipal Corporation.
4.3. Soil and Topography
The soils of the region under consideration are ferruginous and clayey. The soil in this region fall into two categories: red and black soils. Red soil, locally called pathari, are found over granites, from which it is derived, and is seen in shades of brown, yellow or grey, depending on the iron content. The soil is rich in potash, but has poor phosphate and nitrogen constituents. Some varieties of trees can however be grown in it. A yellowish, light-colored variety of red soil, called parua, is sandy and has some clay content.
4.4. Existing Infrastructure
Local village road network is available for transporting the MSW
4.5. Climatic Data
Rainfall, temperature & winds are principal climatic factors that significantly shape the physical setup in this area. The region under consideration has subtropical climate characterized by hot summer, wet monsoon & dry winter.
The average annual rainfall of the region under consideration is 1200 mm. The region receives maximum rainfall during south-west monsoon period from June to September. Showers with lighting and hail are witnessed. Over 95% of the rainfall falls between June and September, with maximum rain generally in July-August. However, the small amount of rainfall between Novembers to May is also very important for agriculture in the whole region.
The average maximum temperature recorded during the month of May is 45.3 °C, and minimum during the month of December is 4 °C. The average annual mean maximum and minimum temperature of the region under consideration are 31.6 °C and 18.2 °C respectively.
Figure 7 presents ‘Monthly Temperature Graph’ for Rewa based on readings from Year 1971 to 1990. Figure 8 presents ‘Monthly Rainfall’ for Rewa based on readings from Year 1971 to 1990.
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Regional Integrated Solid Waste Management Project at Rewa by Rewa MSW Holding Ltd. Pre-Feasibility Report
Figure 7: Monthly Temperature (oC) Graph for Rewa
Figure 8: Monthly Rainfall (mm Graph for Rewa)
4.6. Humidity
The relative humidity generally exceeds 87% during the monsoon season in the month of August. Relative humidity decreases during non-monsoon season. In summer season, relative humidity is less than 36 %. May is the driest month of the year.
4.7. Wind Speed
The maximum wind velocity of 6.8 Km/hr is observed during the month of June and minimum 2.3 Km/hr is recorded during the month of November. The average annual wind velocity of the region is 4.3 Km/hr and the generally wind direction is from west to east.
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4.8. Social Infrastructure Available
All infrastructure facilities such as education, health facilities and other social facilities are adequate at district headquarter.
4.9. Eco sensitivity
There are no wildlife sanctuaries and National Parks within 10 km radius of the project site. Sensitive map is shown in Figure 9.
5. Planning Brief
5.1. Layout Planning
The layout of the facility is designed to have maximum logistical economy, ease of operation and maximum landfill capacity. The capacities of equipment’s are well balanced to have maximum plant utilization factor. Automation is planned wherever possible and feasible to restrict human intervention and to ensure trouble free high volume operation for long hours. Land usage is also optimized.
5.2. Population Projection
Projection of population was carried out for Rewa and the 27 other participating ULBs. The details of population projection are presented in Table – 5.
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Figure 9: Sensitivity Map 15 km radius
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Regional Integrated Solid Waste Management Project at Rewa by Rewa MSW Holding Ltd. Pre-Feasibility Report
Table 5: Population Projections of ULB’s Population Population Population Population Population Population Population ULB's (2011) (2015) (2020) (2025) (2030) (2035) (2040) Govindgarh 10547 11045 11668 12349 13046 13807 14585 Baikunthpur 10282 11062 12037 13160 14320 15656 17036 Naigarhi 10404 11083 11932 12830 13740 14699 15670 Chakghat 10678 11850 13314 15100 16966 19241 21619 Sirmour 11878 12630 13570 14629 15717 16943 18204 Semaria 13446 14778 16442 18436 20513 23000 25591 Mangawan 13700 14869 16330 18040 19813 21887 24037 Gurh 14608 15569 16771 18168 19615 21257 22949 Rewa District Rewa Hanumana 16771 18219 20028 22150 24350 26930 29604 Teonthar 17039 18303 19884 21699 23572 25723 27944 Mauganj 26420 28930 32068 35801 39684 44304 49108 Rewa 235654 268804 310242 363337 419348 491117 566825 Kotar 7520 8504 9735 12409 15443 19921 24759 Kothi 8793 10139 11822 15329 19292 25081 31327 Jaitwara 9685 10637 11828 14302 17096 21174 25572 Rampur - Baghelan 13638 15218 17192 20463 24057 28948 34164 Birsinghpur 14339 15512 16978 18683 20449 22503 24630 Unchehra 18442 19312 20399 21588 22804 24134 25493 Amarpatan 19409 20964 22907 25529 28321 31791 35432 Chitrakoot 23316 23750 24293 24855 25423 26013 26607 Satna District Satna Nagod 22568 24828 27652 31043 34575 38814 43230 New-Ramnagar 22505 25307 28810 33186 37780 43518 49542 Maher 60693 66476 73704 82310 91259 101915 112997 Satna 280222 316240 361263 417860 477350 552134 630741 Rampur - Naikin 11936 12918 14146 15575 17054 18777 20561 Majholi - Sidhi 11892 19468 28937 50471 75020 130846 194492 Churhat 14962 15810 16871 18052 19264 20612 21995
Sidhi District Sidhi Sidhi 54331 62531 72780 86124 100241 118619 138062 Total 985678 1104756 1253603 1453478 1666112 1959364 2272776
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6. Proposed Infrastructure
6.1. Common Infrastructure
a. Boundary Wall for the Facilities: The boundary wall of chain linked fencing of 800 mm height over 1200 mm height brick wall along the perimeter of the ISWM Project and Satellite Facilities shall be provided. b. Green Belt: a vegetative cover in a strip of minimum width 3 m all along the boundary wall at ISWM Project and Satellite Facilities will be provided. c. Access Road and Internal Roads: The quality black top motorable access roads or Concrete road (Rigid pavement) of approximately 300 m length and 7 meter width to the ISWM Facility and of 5m width within the Site, of required length, as per the IRC codes and MORTH specifications (latest edition). The internal roads at Satellite Facilities shall also conform to same norms. d. Weigh Bridge: Weigh bridge at the entrance of the ISWM Facility and another for weighing of waste being disposed in the Sanitary landfill site shall be provided, of rated capacity of at least 30 metric tonne each in the ISWM facility, and shall meet the minimum technical specifications. One weighbridge shall be provided at Satellite Facility in Satna, Mangwan and Sidhi. e. Waiting area, entrance and security cabin at ISWM Facility and Satellite Facilities: Cautionary boards in Hindi & English and in readable letter size shall be displayed at various locations within and on the periphery of the ISWM Facility & Satellite Facilities One entry/exit point will be designed for the ISWM Facility & each of the Site for Satellite Facilities including one additional emergency exit. The security cabins shall be designed and located at appropriate locations Data and telecommunication facility Adequate area for parking of the vehicles engaged in the project activity and provision for washing of the garbage vehicles within the site, in accordance with Good Industry Practice. f. Administration building: An Administration building shall be provided consisting of office space for managers and other office staff in accordance with Good Industry Practice at ISWM Facility. It shall also have the basic amenities for workers and
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visitors including washroom, kitchen, and change room. The area of the administration building has to be appropriate for the purpose foreseen. All of the facilities and spaces in the building shall be suitably equipped with appropriate working gadgets, furniture, storages, communication, lighting etc. for its functional use. g. Control Room: Control room shall be constructed, to control, monitor and manage the manpower, movable, immovable machinery and equipments deployed/to be deployed in the project area. This control room should be equippedwith the smart technologies and shall be responsible to install and upgrade the system and technology time to time as per good industry practices. h. Laboratory: A quality control laboratory will be provided at ISWM Facility with the equipment adequate to carry out the following tests: Municipal Solid Waste analysis and characterization Leachate quality as per Schedule IV of MSW Rules Compost/RDF/Biogas quality1 as per Schedule IV of MSW Rules Air quality as per Schedule IV of MSW Rules. Maturity Test for the Residual Inert Matter i. Electrical Works: All electrical equipment and implement all electrical works in the Waste Processing Facilities in accordance with Good Industry Practices . j. Storm Water drainage system : Design and implementation of the storm water drainage system within the Waste Processing Facilities will be provided in such a manner as to ensure that a) It is independent from the Leachate System; b) The run-off rain water from the hinterland does not enter the Municipal Solid Waste storage and processing area; c) There is no stagnation of rain water in the Site. d) Storm Water from surrounding high lying areas does not enter in to the site premises. k. Fire and Safety Equipment: All facilities would be provided with adequate arrangements for fire and safety equipment.
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l. Waste tipping and segregation area: For the receipt, inspection and segregation of MSW, a separate area in ISWM Facility and Satellite Facilities will be provided. m. Waste recovery & segregation facility: A material recovery facility to facilitate segregation of MSW for recovery of the recyclables at ISWM Facility and Satellite Facilities. The segregation system could be both manual and mechanical, and may comprise of conveyors, trammel screens and magnetic separators, etc. n. Digester: Digester will be provided at the ISWM Facility for the dead animals, including all carcasses, visceral remains, hides, hoofs or such other animal parts which are found within the Project Area. o. Signage: All signage and signaling will be unambiguous and ensure safe traffic conditions within the ISWM facility and Satellite Facilities. Such signage will ensure that the O&M Team, the Authority and visitors are adequately advised in relation to: Traffic management; Parking; Health and safety issues; Operational procedures; Operational activities; Identification of principal elements of infrastructure; and Speed limits. All signs shall satisfy the requirements of the Applicable Laws
6.2. Composting
The other organic fraction of MSW received in the facility will be processed for compost generation through windrow/aerated bays process. Controlled aerobic composting is the method proposed to be adopted for optimum results. The biological cycles of controlled aerobic composting extend up to 4 to 8 weeks. It will be achieved in two stages. The first stage is planned in the windrow yard for four to six weeks and second stage is planned for another one / two weeks after primary screening. The final compost generation will be generated after various levels of screening to segregate hard to degrade materials like fibrous material, non-degradable, combustible fractions, recyclable materials, inerts etc.
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6.3. Waste to Energy Processing Unit
The facility for the waste processing is to be designed in a manner so that it is able to take variable input up to more than 10% of the designed handling capacity. Also, a robust system shall be designed that would be operational for 365 days in a year with no breakdown of more than three days.
The technology process & its end products shall be in accordance with the accepted relevant standards/rules/regulation of GoI and GoMP including but not limited to standards for air, water, leachate treatment, energy etc.
Also power (electricity) pooling station shall be constructed. The power to be generated form the waste to energy (WTE) plant shall be supplied to the Grid through pooling station constructed at waste to energy plant. The electromechanical components of the WTE plant shall confirm the national and international standards and should be as per approved DPR.
The construction of the waste to energy plant and power pooling station shall confirm the specifications issued by the GOI and MPSEB. Apart from the waste processing Facility for Waste to Energy at ISWM Facility, small waste processing facilities will be set-up as a part of Satellite Facilities at Satna, Mangawan and Sidhi.
Figure 10: Schematic Reprasentation of Processing MSW through Waste to Energy
Waste Lifting / Grab Waste Feeding
Power Steam Combustion
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6.4. Secured Landfill
The rejects/inert generated during the processing operations need to be disposed in scientific manner in the landfills using liners and covers to minimize exposure of the landfill contents to the environment.
Design parameters for landfill: The landfill construction shall be undertaken as per the design and plan as included in the DPR prepared during the Planning Phase, and as approved by the Independent engineer. Also shall develop the landfill for disposal of Residual Inert Matter and Other Inerts, amounting to not more than 20% of the received MSW quantity (by weight) at ISWM Facility, with a minimum project life of 19 years w.e.f the COD ISWM Facility. The design of the landfill, including its layout, depth, height, side- slopes etc. shall be based on the results of geotechnical investigations and topographical surveys carried out during the Planning Phase. Further, the construction of the landfill has to be done completely in a single phase at the initiation of the project. The average quantity of MSW inert/rejects to be landfilled shall be estimated depending upon the input quantity of waste coming to the facility per day for the current as well as projected population of the Project Area. The daily input quantity as well as the waste characterization, estimated from physical and chemical tests, shall be included in the in the DPR prepared during the Planning Phase.
6.5. Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Management Facility
Rapid urbanization coupled with an unprecedented growth of cities and towns in the last two decades led to generation of a lot of Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste. Lack of strong enforcement led to indiscriminate disposal of C&D waste in water bodies or in vacant plots/low lying areas or along the roadside etc. C&D waste disposed in water bodies lead to significant decline in water holding capacity. C&D waste discarded on the streets is a nuisance to the public, reduces the carriage way, and hinders movement of traffic. During rains the smaller particles of the debris find their way into the storm drains, choke them and consequent flooding in the area. Generation of respirable dust is another major health hazard from indiscriminate disposal of C&D waste.
Union government has come up with ‘Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016’ specifying duties of waste generators/service providers/contractors/local authorities etc. for proper management of C&D waste. There is an immediate need for efficient management and C&D waste should be looked at as a resource that can be put
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to meaningful use with value addition. Typical composition of C&D waste in India reveals that a significant portion of C&D waste can be put back in use through recycling/reuse.
The C&D Facility will be established with facilities for segregation/crushing/washing to making of end use products. Possible end products including ‘recycled aggregates and manufactured sand’ which can be used in non-structural building materials, for paving/landscaping products and ‘recycled bricks’ which can be used in road sub-base and base making etc.
6.6. Animal Carcass Digester
Capacity of handling average 200kg of Caracas matter/day. pH of roughly 13 is maintained by adding heated water and chemical mixture. At this pH, the tissues degradation is typically achieved. The alkali catalyst added are sodium or potassium hydroxide. Pressure over 400 kPa. Contact with chemicals for 6 hours before dehydration. Lime Stabilization: Sufficient lime is added to produce a pH of 12-13 after 2 hours of contact. Heat Treatment: Liquid sludge is heated to temperatures of 180 °C for 30 minutes. Decomposition time may vary from 24-48 hours. These systems operate at an elevated temperature ranging from 250 ºF to over 300 °F
7. Rehabilitation and Resettlement Plan
No Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) is required to establish the proposed facility.
8. Project Schedule and Cost Estimates
It is estimated that it will take up to 18 months for execution of the proposed project (Integrated SWM Facility) with all the facilities proposed. Operations will continue for a minimum of about 20 years at this facility. The approximate cost estimate for the proposed facility is about INR 160 Crores.
9. Benefits of the Proposed Project (Final Recommendation)
The proposed Integrated SWM facility brings in a lot of financial and social benefits. Especially this project will be very beneficial for the local people.
From so many years, the MSW generated in Rewa and all the participating towns (Kotar, Kothi, Jaitwara, Govindgarh, Baikunthpur, Naigarhi, Chakghat, Simour, Rampur – Naikin,
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Majholi – Sidhi, Semaria, Mangawan, Rampur – Baghela, Birsinghpur, Gurh, Churhat, Hanumana, Teonthar, Unchehra, Amarpatan, Chitrakoot, Nagod, New – Ramnagar, Mauganj, Sidhi, Maher and Satna) is being disposed of improperly. Indiscriminate and open burning of wastes results in air pollution. Indiscriminate dumping of waste and leachate from waste dumpsites, and contaminated lands leads to land pollution, surface water contamination, and ground water contamination. Also, a significant delay between waste generation and final disposal results in odour nuisance, environmental degradation, fly and rodent infestation etc.
It is highly necessary to establish an Integrated SW Management Facility with provisions such as, material recovery facility (for recovery of recyclables), compost plant, waste to energy plant, sanitary landfill, construction and demolition waste management facility, digester for dead animal carcass. With establishment of this facility, it is expected that environment will be protected in addition to improvement in general public health. One additional benefit is that the existing dumpsite will no longer be there when this project advances.
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