Pressure for pea ce on ea rth-specifica lly in Vietnam-has come upon the Nixon Administration from a powerful quarter: s ome leaders in big business. This is unexpected. An assortment of students, poets a nd preachers provided the first a nd still the mo st voca l wa ve of protest. They oppose the war on mora l and religious grounds, as does this magazine. The leaders in big business kept quiet, as they norma lly do. But in recent months some of the most powerful leaders h a ve been getting in­ volved, quietly but firmly, in statements before select government committees a nd leading councils of business a nd industry. Louis B. Lundborg, chairman of the board of the huge Bank of America, told the Senate Foreign Relations Committee tha t, in his opinion, the Vietnam wa r is a "tragic n a tiona l mista ke." He added that "no a mount of coverup, r a tiona lizing, a libing, or ducking the facts will a void the inevitable da y of reckoning: It only compounds the cost." Then he drew a n a na logy: "If a compa ny in priva te business were guilty of ma king such a bad judgment as we have made in Vietnam a nd then of pursuing that judgment until so l a rge a pa rt of its total re- sources were committed to the ill-starred project, the management of the compa ny would be under a tta ck by the directors a nd ultima tely by the shareholders of the company. "In my judgment, it is time that the shareholders of America ­ the people- b egin to call for a n end to the squandering of America n blood, morale a nd res ources on wha t is in essence an Asian wa r of nationalism." Thus, in part, spoke the head of the na tion's l a rgest bank. Simila r views were expressed by the heads of two of the biggest chemica l companies-John T. Connor of Allied Chemical a nd Charles B. McCoy of E. I. du Pont de Nemours . Mr. Connor spoke t o the prestigeous Business Co uncil and Mr. McCoy to the Manufa cturing Chemists As­ sociation. And Thomas J . Watson, Jr., head of IBM, added the weight of his own views on behalf of peace in a statement to the Senate Foreign Relations committee. Behind some of their words lies a feeling of moral conviction • and also economic fact. In the four years before the escalation of the Vietnam conflict in 1966, corporate profits after taxes rose by 71 percent. In the years since then, corporate profits after taxes have risen only 9.2 percent. Moreover, the dive of the stock market into the doldrums late last year is telling us that war ruins profits. Note how the market trembles upward at each prospect of peace. War protesters should ponder this. Some have condemned big business and the stock market on the grounds that they favor the war because war is profitable. Vietnam demonstrates that the opposite is more generally the case. In our developed economy, war is very, very bad busi­ ness ••• which means that it hurts jobs, housing and the supply a nd price of food and other goods. Those who cry for an immediate end to the Vietnam war on moral grounds have also the support of economic facts. New1111/11 Series Vol. XXXI No. 4 Whole Series Vol. LX No. 12 DECEMBER, 1970 • • Letters 4 Editorials 5 My Soul is a Stranger 6 Florence Hooper Why the Vietnamese Want a Cease-fire 8 Woodcuts and Text by Vo-Dinh Belfast's Madness 12 Text and Photographs by Miriam M. Reik A Prayer for Peace 17 J. Barrie Shepherd Behzad-A Disciple and a Searcher 18 Changing Mission in Northern New Mexico 22 Christmas Foldout 27 Receiving the Incarnation 33 Hei nemann/ foto-present Mary to Joseph 39 He len G. Jefferson A Visit to Bennett College 40 Amy Lee Letters From Overseas 42 Without Sound of Trumpets 44 Window on the UN Books 46 Moving Finger Writes 47 COVER Madonna and the Infant Jesus, Medieval Norwegian Wood Carving, Three Lions Photograph

Editor, Arthur J. Moore, Jr.; Managing Editor, Charles E. Brewster Planning and Coordination, Stanley J, Rowland, Jr.; Associate Editor, Ellen Clark Art Director, Roger C. Sadler; Stall Correspondent, Amy Lee

47 S Riverside Drive, New York, New York 1 0027 Published Monthly by the Board of Missions of the United Methodist Church, Joint Commis­ sion on Education and Cultivation, in association with the Commission on Ecumenical Mission and Relations of the United Presbyterian Church, USA.

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PHOTOGRAPHIC CREDITS P. 6, Three Lions (Painting by Georges Roualt ) ; Pp. 8, I 0 , 11 , Vo-Dinh ; Pp. 12, 14, I 5, 16, Miriam M. Reik ; P. 17 John Mast; Pp. 18, 19, 20, 21 , COEMAR ; P. 22 Medical Tribune ; Pp. 23, 24 (top right, center, bottom ) United Methodist Mi ssions; Pp. 24 (top left ), 26, Presby­ terian Board of National Mi ssions. Pp. 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, Hei nemann/ fo to-present; P. 39, Anne Ga yler ; P. 44, Un ited Nations l.cffcrs CHILE NOT COMMUNIST buildings. Never a mention of the professional I must register a strong protest for the way students who enrolled in one course, never at­ in which, in the first paragraph of your October tended a class, and continued to be classified editorial "Spotlight on Chile," yo u joined with as "college students" fo r twenty years. The clear the rightist press in calling the newly elected assumption that a student should not have to government of Chile "a communist govern­ obey the law, but should have an "island of ment." Such a designation, suggesting the though. Thank God for our Christian President freedom." deliberate surrender by the Chilean people of and freedom to worship. The condition of the Indians in the Chaco their political freedom in order to embrace a ROSLYN ( MRS. G.) H UFF ( Indians Pay the Price of South American totalitarian system, is completely misleading and Westerville, Ohio Progress") is sad indeed. I do not know what indeed contradicts the rest of your editorial. The P.S. When did we get so involved with Pres­ can be done for them or with them. Any pub­ statement of the Methodist missionaries serv­ byterians? lished dissertation should include mention of ing in Chile carefully referred to Dr. Salvador the efforts that missionaries of various churches Allende as the "candidate of the leftist coali­ LATIN AMERICAN AUTHORS have made, and those that have given up in tion," and to his coming government as "marx­ I want to express my appreciation for the spe­ frustration. You should mention the land titles ist-oriented" but not as "communist." cial October issue on Latin America and the transferred by the churches to the Indians, who We in Chilean Methodism believe it is im­ Caribbean. After having analyzed the interpre­ then refu sed to farm, and many of whom sold portant for new/ WORLD OUTLOOK readers to tation of the Christian mission in Latin America their land. understand that the overwhelming majority of over the past decade, I feel that the church is Two of yo ur articles surprised me. "Nixon's Chileans neither desire nor expect the loss of at long last beginning to be honest and sensiti ve support among Baptists grows after Cambodia any legiti mate human right. Dr. Allende freely in its focus on the real issues we must face to­ incursion" and . " 1,600 United Methodists rally proclaims his marxist economic views but he gether with Latin American Christians. One of for evangelism" ( Moving Finger Writes). A insisted both before and after the election that the most significant aspects of your October slight bit of rational leaven in a huge left-wing his will not be a "marxist government" but one issue is the number and quality of the articles lump. which will carry out the common program of written by Latin Americans. JOHN WESLEY CARROTHERS his coalition which includes three non-marxist JOHN H. S1NCLAUI San Francisco, California groups. This program calls for the nationaliza­ He is regional secretarv for Latin America, A FALSE IMPRESSION tion of monopoly industries, including the COEMAR, United Presbvterian Church in the By quoting Hank Bryant uncritically ("Cam­ copper, nitrate, and iron mines, and of the U.S.A. paign to win reparations from Michigan banks, while promising greater aid to small in­ Church," Moving Finger Writes, October ) you dustrialists. On the political front the program SELECTI VE REPORTING have given a false impression about the wealth pledges the continuance and further perfecting The October issue is a most interesting ex­ of Chile's traditional democratic rights and ample of selecti ve reporting. of the First Presbyterian Church in Ann Arbor. procedures which have made Chile historicall y You start by saying that Cuban Protestants He is not very carefu l about the facts in some of the most democratic nation in Latin America. ( under Castro ) have not been harshly repressed his other public utterances. The budgets of our church are about $270,000 a year including (Reference to this pledge was contained in the ( Missiongram ). I can give you the name and benevolences. The value of the land and build­ missionaries' statement, but you failed to men­ address of a Methodist pastor in South America ing, with trust funds, may amount to $1 ,000,- tion it. ) Dr. Allende's 36-year political record as who was harshly repressed, escaped from Cuba 000. We have not been able to meet our budget an outstanding democratic socialist ( he is not by subterfuge, and now will not travel in any for two or three years because of various causes and never has been a communist party member) airplane anywhere, lest he be hijacked to including the fa ct that our ministers have ad­ stands behind this pledge and explains why so Havana. He differs totally with your conclusion vocated open housing and liberal causes not many true democrats gave him their vote. that Protestants have not been harshly re­ approved by some conservatives. We are glad to assure new/ WORLD OUTLOOK pressed; in fact those who remain in Cuba and RALPH R. STEWART readers that we expect no interference whatso­ out of jail now support the Communists, their Ann Arbor, Michigan ever with religious freedom and expect the ac­ mass executions and other crimes. He is a deacon at First Presbyterian Church. tivity of the Affiliated Autonomous Church of You repeat the tired cl iche of "U.S. Domi­ Chile to gd ahead with all normality in the nance," ( Editorial ). You repeat with approval MUSIC OF BRAZIL Allende administration, including the work of the "Yankee go home" slogan, and then recom­ You did it again! I thought the record in­ the outstanding group of United Methodist mis­ mend "Economic assistance should be interna­ serted in the magazine in the June issue was sionaries who serve in Chile with exemplary tionalized." The Yankee should come home tremendous but the music of Brazil (October dedication. Instead of difficulties we hope that when he is asked to, and should send no money soundsheet ) is every bit as good. I'm going to in the society struggling to be born in Chile until he is invited to return. "When nationaliza­ use it with the study we are having on the the message of the Church of Christ calling men tion (a euphemism for theft ) of U .S.-owned Americas. I am using slides of my own as we away from self-seeking to the paths of justice enterprises occurs, the U.S. should refrain from have visited some of the countries. However, and service, empowered by the Spirit of our withdrawing aid funds." W e should continue wouldn't it be a great idea to insert a film strip Servant Lord, will be more relevant and ap­ to give gifts to thieves. "Congress disillusioned of about a dozen pictures or whatever would preciated than ever before. We ask your readers' with aid." Yes, and so is everyone else disil­ fit and a record describing them or even a continued prayers and support that our Church lusioned, if he has any objectivity. printed article to be read in conjunction with may effectively fulfill its mission in this his­ "The impact on the struggle for social justice the fi lmstrip? Most churches have a filmstrip toric hour, as well as your prayers for our in Latin America of mission institutions, pro­ projector. nation. grams and personnel." Have no fear, you should AMY ( MRs. D. M. ) HuRD RAIMUNDO VALENZU ELA, Bishop be completely satisfied. The Sweet Memorial Glendale, California Methodist Church of Chile Institute in Santiago sponsored and paid for a seminar on "Revolution,'' with only the barest ILLUSIONS AND REALITIES lip service to "non-violent." The success of the HOW LONG, 0 LORD? want to commend you for your emphasis Communists in the recent Chilean election was No Christian needs to tolerate a so-called on the magnitude of the social, economic, and helped greatly by Methodist missionaries from church publication that is nothing but a front political problems of Latin America. Most the United States. I await with interest the for anti-American, anti-gospel, anti-farmer, anti­ Americans have illusions about the republics treatment by the Communists of these support­ worker and pro-Castro, pro-Communist, pro­ south of our border but the reality is utterl y dif­ ers. The North Ameri can missionaries said "it ferent. It is time for us to recognize our il­ laziness, pro-downfall of our defense system, was a completely free election" ( Editorial ). pro-crime and protest among foul-mouthed lusions and to understand the realities. They did not say that it was probably the last We Ameri cans must understand that our young people who care nothing fo r our laws free election they wi ll ever see in Chile. overpowering presence in Latin America has or God's laws. I am nauseated tha t yo u repre­ " It was only as the students' island of free­ created a "hidden empire," as one of your au­ sent the church and wonder how long, 0 Lord, dom in th e autonomous university was de­ thors points out. Critics believe that our vaunted how long, can the church withstand. I pray that stroyed . ." ("Student Protest-A Growing All iance for Progress has functioned as much God will not let you accomplish your aims in U.S.-Latin Sim ilarity") . Never a word about to prevent progress as to promote it. the downfall of our church and country. You are the crimes, including murder, committed by FLOYD MULKEY not running me out of my duties in the Church persons who then took refu ge in the university Chicago, Illinois

4 ( 600] to question profoundly the American sound. The hope we celebrate in the In­ system by which we all live. carnation is inextricably bound up with It is interes ting to note that the Puri­ judgment. This is a terrifying prospect Receiving the Incarnatio n tan fathers we point back to with such without the Spirit working within us. One of the popular titles for sermons pride were properl y skeptical of elabo­ To domesticate the promise without and editorials at this time of year is that rate Christmas observances themselves . the judgment is to ask for Bonhoeffer's old standby, "What Christmas means to Not because they were against enjoy­ "cheap grace." It is to subscribe to the me." The sermons or essays themselves ment, as in the popular caricature, but heresy of the ri ch that we are better be­ are usually harmless enough but the title because they had a keen nose for idola­ cause we have more things. Love and is indicative of the human tendency to try. morality are thus measured by things. cozy up the awe-inspiring and to tum Today we know better. Getting and Now, things are important. The incar­ the ultimate into some kind of personal spending is what our society is all about nation is certainly a warning against possession. It would be more precise if and a little divine sanction will speed spiritualization. To tell a starving man the statement were reversed to read, up the process. A plastic baby Jes us on that he must forget about food and 'What we mean to the Incarnation." the cash register. shelter because it is good for his charac­ This does not imply that what God did Fortunately, that is not what the in­ ter is such blatant hypocrisy that only in Jesus is deperitlent upon ou r actions carnation is about. The incarnation is the righteous rich fail to perceive it as or that in any sense we have earned our being liberated by God to strive to be­ such. salvation. But surely it is good doctrine come more fu lly human. But idolatry by definition is the sub­ to say that what the Incarnati on gives us That is never an easy job. Without the stitution of the lesser for the greater. is an offer of salvation, of deliverance. It grace of God, it is impossible. But it is This is what the young and the idealistic is up to us to accept that offer or not. We what the great social struggles of our in our society (and in Soviet society and must in this sense, "work out our salva­ times are about. The poor and disin­ in the majority of societies on the earth tion with diligence." We must claim our herited of this earth are refusing any today) are trying to tell us. In the name deliverance. longer to li ve out their lives in misery of freedom, we build a war economy Fair enough. Who would refus e such and degradation. which gives profits and jobs to us and a stupendous offer? Who would turn vVe who are Christians should wel­ death to other people. In the name of from the path of salvation? come this. It is as if the missionary move­ democracy (or socialism, or what ever ), Only too often, we ourselves would. ment had succeeded beyond our wildest we hang on to our wealth and posses­ Frequently, we reject our deliverance in dreams. The people of the world have sions. In the name of deliverance, we lull the name of claiming it. heard and increasingly do hear the Gos­ ourselves with systems and things de­ Take the celebration of the Incarna­ pel promise that they are indeed chil­ signed to pacify us. tion itself. Everyone knows what the dren of God and they mean to claim The solutions of the young to this Christmas celebration in this country has their inheritance. analysis may not strike us as perfect but become-a small island of true joy and Why then do we react not as the shep­ their reading of history is a classical celebration surrounded by a vast sea of herds or the Magi but rather as Herod Christian one. We are all in chains of commercial exploitation. in fear and anger? Is the thought that our own making. The Incarnation sets We all know this and officiall y deplore the bearer of the Incarnation today Ls free not to self-congratulation but to it. The sporadic campaign to "put Christ might be a Black on welfare or a Pales­ th e realization that we are in chains. We back in Christmas" of a few years back tinian commando or (God help us ) a are free to free ourselves, but not our­ was an attempt to reverse this tendency. North Vietnamese peasant so frightening selves alone. For we must free our That campaign fa iled because it was to us? Are we sunk in evil ? brothers to fr ee ourselves. nostalgic and because its analysis of the \Veil, no, we are no worse than most The Brazilian theologian Rubem Alves problem was superficial. people, simply richer and more powerful points out that "for the Bible, events The American celebration of Christ­ than most. Our Lord has told us about precede words, practi ce precedes theory. mas is a good example of the demonic in the difficulty of the rich with the king­ Language is a statement made at the operation. In the name of celebrating dom of Heaven but we always took that bottom of the page of historical events. man's liberation and ability to become to be th e bad spirit or the psychologica l . .. The Israelite community understood human, it treats people as things (for difficulty of the rich young ruler not any­ that liberating events were not simply consumers are things) and manipulates thing directl y related to ourselves and a memory of the past. God lived. 111e their appetites . In the name of God, it the system of which we are a part. pas t was the promise of the futur . God creates an idol. The Christmas tree is the The distinction between the God who must th erefore be 'verified' in the accom­ American Golden Calf. Why do we put judges us, the Christ who saves us and plishment of th e promises of man's lib­ up with this-we good church people? the Holy Spirit who enables us has eration from captivity." Because to question Christmas would be always been more logically neat than Even so. Come, Lord Jesus. Florence Hooper

HAT a wonderful way with words called his soul (God called it his life ) W Sir Francis Bacon had! Author was suddenly required of him, and he and philosopher whose writings are in­ died. All his heaped-up possessions flu ential to this very day, great Eliza­ were appropriated by others. His soul, bethan lawyer, he knew his Bible well, like Francis Bacon's, was a stranger so although, in reading the story of his that, as he had pursued wholly earth­ life, one wonders how much everyday ly ends, he had become doubly a effect its teaching had on his brilliant pauper. I wonder how he got along career. Yet, at moments of adversity, without any way to communicate? and near-disgrace, his Puritan up­ bringing manifested unmistakable in­ S HE WAS a very capable woman, fluence. Faced with loss of honor, of bustling, always busy, absorbed, titles of nobility, of all the public of­ commanding. When she had company fices he had held with distinction, he for dinner, making a show of her fine wrote, aware at last, "My soul is a cookery and her beautiful table ar­ stranger." It became clear to him that rangements was more important than it was alienation of his daily strivings being personally responsive to her from the values of his spirit which guests or to making them at ease and had caused the catastrophes that happy in her home. Even when she wrecked his later yeai:s. had a Guest from whom living spirit­ ual power could How into the material was once a man who made a THERE obsessions that imprisoned her, she lot of money and accumulated valuable properties. His huge farms just was not able to think of Him as of produced so bountifully that he had greater importance than getting her to keep erecting barn after barn to sister to help set the table. Her sister house his surplus. So he decided to re­ Mary was different. She instinctively tire and enjoy his wealth. He knew realized that she now had the chance practically nothing of anything ex­ of a lifetime to learn from highest au­ cept piling up material things. He was thority the things of the soul. You re­ tops at that. So he seemed all set for a member that the Guest remarked : luxurious old age. Then, the unex­ "Mary has chosen what is bes t and it pected happened: what the man shall not be taken away from her."

6 (602] ESUS said, also, "Do not fear those to do that seems to be to deactivate J who kill the body but cannot kill those antennae of the spirit which the soul." What did He mean by soul? keep the soul in connection with the The word has deep and many-faceted Divine. The parable of the rejected significance with differing connota­ invitation illustrates what I am trying tions for different people. The impor­ to say about the essential signillcance tance which our Lord attached to the of our Lord's incarnation. Many in­ idea and its shades of meaning com­ vitations had been joyously issued, for pels a study of it. this host loved people and rejoiced to Job cried out: "I am sickened of life· associate with them and give them I will give free rein to my griefs , I wili pleasure. But those whom he invited speak out in bitterness of soul" and to his feast preferred pleasures differ­ again, "In God's hand are the souls of ent from those he offered. At any rate, all that live, the spirits of all human if they did not actually prefer them, kind." Ezekiel puts it a bit differently: they let themselves be caught up in "Every living soul belongs to me; situations which made it unprofitable father and son are alike mine. The soul or inconvenient or downright embar­ that sins shall die." rassing to accept: a pair of fine oxen "Soul and body,'' ''heart and soul" to be tried out; a newly purchased lot are familiar doublets. "Soul and body": of ground to be inspected; a new wife I suppose a man's eventual life values to be placated. So they all refused, depend upon the way in which he politely, but nonetheless definitely, combines in due proportion the values turning the invitation down. Read the implicit in those two words. Often story as Luke tells it in the fourteenth ''heart and soul" are used together as chapter of his gospel, and see what indicating that balance of emotional happened next. The eager host, dis­ and spiritual natures which determines appointed and chagrined, turned to the "wholeness" of a human being, other groups; many of them came or his one-sided development. gladly, lesser folk, maimed, blind, The Greek word used in the New poor. But even of such there were not Testament for "soul" may be trans­ enough to fill all the empty places at literated psyche, with its definite sug­ the waiting dinner. When the high­ gestion of "mind." It is, of course, the ways and byways of the town had basic root of "psychology" and all that been searched, there was still room. proliferating semantic family. Other interests crowded out the proffered fellowship. In last Easter's study in new/ WORLD T HE Psalms contain exciting state- ments suggesting that the soul is a OUTLOOK, I discussed the present rele­ human faculty which can respond to vance of the Resurrection Festival of the Divine initiative. For example: Christianity. Now I should like to con­ The law of the Lord is perfect and tinue with a consideration of how revives the soul ( 19: 7 ); he renews life Christmas, the festival which cele­ within me ( 23: 3) ; the Lord ransoms brates the fulles t revelation of God to the lives of His servants and none who men which has yet been vouchsafed, seek refuge in Him are brought to can affect the lives of modems. Has it ruin." ( N.E.B. ) anything to do with us? It would seem that the avenues of In the first place, we must admit, communication between the Divine if we are candid, that, for all practical and the human are wide open; the sad purposes, our souls don't get a chance thing is that we so often through wi l­ to bother us much. A hiatus seems to fulness or stupidity follow our own exist between the manner of our ac­ ways and end up as did Lord Bacon tual living and the infinite potential with his pursuit of mere wealth and for "loving God and enjoying Him status. What a pity, that he should have forever" which opens before us in the missed treasures of eternal value. The Incarnation. Until some crisis arises rich farmer worked long and hard, and in which our merely human inade­ with utter concentration on things quacy intrudes harshly upon our usual which in the long run would matter regime, we make scant use of the not at all to the soul, the enduring part forces of the spirit which at least in­ of his personality. · dicate, if they do not fully define, the I wonder if one of the basic reasons word "soul." for the Advent of the Lord Christ was the rescue of those who committed O NCE I heard an old man singing, themselves to truly following Him lustily: "It is well, it is well with from their obsession with carelessly my soul." How about yours? or is it killing off their souls? The best way still a Stranger? •

[603] 7

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s A VIEI'NAMESE who wishes peace, tary substance. Some will go further pro-Communist, which is only a eu­ AI am filled with hope and also by suggesting that a cease-fire only phemism meaning Communist? Any­ tortured by apprehension. I fear that benefits the U.S. Others counter that one, according to the Saigon govern­ despite the loud and moving cries for a cease-fire would only benefit the ment, who is for negotiations between peace, peace will continue to be a NLF. Still others, concerned with a Vietnamese, for neutralism, for a coali­ mirage for us Vietnamese for a long "las ting peace" will sniff: "Korea-type tion government is a Communist. It's time to come. settlement!" These are some of the in the book! And that's why you don't A friend of mine wrote years ago arguments against a cease-fire even come out and say, "U.S. get out of what seems truer than ever: "If Ameri­ when it is a unilateral cease-fire by the Vietnam now," which is exactly what cans experienced just one small frac­ U.S. and Saigon, as demanded by the only the North Vietnamese and the tion of the suffering the Vietnamese Vietnamese Buddhists, who, with the NLF are saying. have endured, the war would end to­ students, form the ulk of the peace Thirdly, and this might seem odd to morrow." A sentimental, moral appeal movement in Vietnam. some people, the Vietnamese are very to the heart? For the Vietnamese, it is I want to make it clear that I am tired of politics. Anyone would be the he!lrt of the matter. Suffering in only addressing myself to persons who after twenty-five years of war of the Vietn am is so overwhelming, it has are primarily concerned about peace, sort Vietnamese are wading through. transcended factions and ideologies. as I believe that they form the over­ The majority of Vietnamese are cer­ Vietnamese in and out of the Saigon whelming majority of groups and in­ tainly not "Maoists" but they do know, power structure, in and out of the Na­ dividuals in this country who want an through sheer experience, where raw tional Liberation Front want an end end to the war. To those who believe political power comes from. Though to the war. ot an end in this way or the only way to have peace in Vietnam North Vietnam and the NLF can have, that way. ot an end with "honor" and is to work for the victory of one side or for their own reason, only one de­ "freedom" a la ixon-Thieu or with another, I can only say: I cannot stop mand: "immediate, total, unilateral "independence" and "victory" a la you from doing your own thing. U.S. withdrawal," the Vietnamese Hanoi and the LF. We only want it The first, most important reason peace people know that this is only a to end. We want the guns silenced. Vietnamese want an actual cessation slogan, not a program for peace. It is The future of Vietna bing not that the Vietnamese peace people mately be l rlii;t:--;: worry about America's face. They ii Id not care less about it when their ,i. @~~~ are being blown to bits. But '-'•-•-irruit despite the outcries i.m'Z'~11::~ S. and the world udged from ages to in . ~· does cOQie 1n, Mr. J. E gar .-...... , Ammican .. not even "U.S. Get Out of Vietnam, Americans who are fami '"ia,,__...,._ owl" Our cry is "Cease-Brei" In 1968 Saigon repression, detest it, condemn .=t:==t"'JIOPlehaw a statement by the Council of Stu­ it, but do not have to live under it dents' Representatives in Saigon said, and therefore cannot completely iden­ "An end to the bloodshed is a victory tify with the Vietnamese who do. In for all Vietnamese." Saigon, if you are accused of being Already I hear the arguments of pro-Communist, you don't just risk many American peace people. I am your job as during the height of Mc­ but too familiar with them. Some will Carthyism. You are shipped off to dismiss a cease-fire as "merely" a moral prison, beaten, tortured. Or you are demand, lacking in political and mili- never heard from again. And who is

(605] 9 must stop all interference in Viet­ namese affairs. As a non-Communist Vietnamese who decries American in­ terference in my country, I say to these friends in the American peace move­ ment, bluntly, that they are speaking from only one side of their mouths. Of course the U.S . must not interfere with Vietnamese affairs. But just as surely she has! She is this minute! Thus what my friends in the U.S. peace movement are really saying is that their govern­ ment has made a mess in Vietnam and the best way to end the mess is for the U.S. to get out; forget it! We Viet­ namese disagree. We say Americans must get out of Vietnam, but they ought also to clean up the mess. Disregarding all talk of "recon­ struction" and "war reparation" for the moment, what does this mess­ cleaning amount to? In order to con­ tinue the war, the U.S. has imposed on us a hated and despised government. Protected by a huge police and army apparatus, built and oiled with Amer­ ican know-how, and American money, ing, burning, killing Vietnamese!" national reconciliation and reunifica­ it cannot be swept aside. We Viet­ Furthermore, wi th Richard Nixon in tion. South Korea does not. The ma­ namese are not so naive as to hope the White House, "withdrawal," ironi­ jority of non-Communist South Viet­ that out of sheer decency, Washington cally, is the word of the day. He is namese do not want an American will get this government off our backs. wi thdrawing U.S . troops. (Meanwhile presence. Is this true of South Korea? But we do think that the American going inside Laos and Cambodia.) He No-Americans can still play the gen­ people, especially those active in the has also strengthened the Saigon gov­ uine protectors in South Korea; they peace movement, ought to help us get ernment, if only in sheer terms of cannot do this in South Vietnam. For rid of it. They can do this by raising a armaments. This "Vietnamization," in the eyes of the Vietnamese masses hue and cry in America and around such a dirty word in the U.S ., is not they are replacements of the French:' the world. They can pressure their that bad in Saigon. Thanks to Wash­ the new colonialists. government in Washington to not only ington, Saigon has, more than ever, The alternatives are clear: ( 1) bring troops home but to cease sup­ the means to repress dissent, crush the Either let Washington "co-opt" the porting a Saigon government which advoc;ites of peace, and continue the simple demand for withdrawal, lift does not represent its people. Up to war, even after the far-off departure U.S . troops out with an eye-dropper, 200,000 political prisoners fill South of all U.S . troops from Vietnam. Viet­ ceaselessly strengthen the non-repre­ Vietnamese jails. Don't the people in namese know the 'present Saigon sentative, and terribly repressive the U.S. peace movement consider regime would fall if Washington Saigon government, encouraging Viet­ they have an obligation, if "only" a ceased to support it; but if Washing­ namese to fi ght on for no one knows moral obligation, toward these prison­ ton just goes home, but continues to how long, or, ( 2) identify with the ers? Toward their true brothers in the support it, it will not fall that easily. majority of Vietnamese who don't world-wide movement for peace? The There are those who say that a want the killing to go on another hour, Chicago 7, the Milwaukee 14, the 11 cease-fire would only be "co-opted" by demand that if the U.S. wants to end Catonville 9. Yes, but remember also Washington and would lead to a "Ko­ the war, as she has said she does, then the South Vietnam 200,000. rea-type settlement." This is the kind she must cease her fire now. If, in 1966 We Vi etnamese believe that in order of reasoning 'Sy analogies which it is there was already a call for a "peace to have peace in Vietnam (which is easy to make, but which is rarely rele­ cabinet," how overwhelming that call not "peace" in America ) we must fight vant. First, the history of Korea's par­ would be in 1970 should U.S. troops for a program, not for a short, simple tition is drastically different from Viet­ stop shooting. slogan. A cease-fire is what we want nam's, as anybody knows. But 'Jet's Unfortunately, the idea of a "peace most, but it is only a beginning. It is limit ourselves to the southern halves cabinet" is unpalatable to some Ameri­ "merely" moral as some Americans, of both countries. In South Vietnam cans. Ironically echoing the if-we-can­ within and without the U.S. peace there is not only the Saigon govern­ not-win-let's-get-out "peace" advo­ movement, have charged. To those ment, but the NLF, which has no cates, these Americans say that if the who think Washington is capable of counterpart in South Korea. South war is wrong, there is only one way to all and any evil, I say, paraphrasing Vietnam has within and without of­ end it, get the troops home now and the slogan of Lord Russell's Ban the ficial circles a vocal and popular non­ let the Vietnamese settle their own af­ Bomb movement: "Better cease-fire Communist opposition, which wants fairs ; that once and for all the U.S. than dead." •

10 [606] The Vietnamese painter-writer Vo-Dinh was born in the old imperial city of Hue in 1933. He studied at the Lycee of Hue, the Sorbonne, Academie de la Grande Chaumiere and the Ecole Na­ tionale des Beaux-Arts of the University of Paris. Until September he was representative of the Overseas Vietnamese Buddhist Association, with headquarters in Mata­ moras, Pa. He is pub­ lisher of Lotus, a Vietnamese peace newsletter. The woodcuts ac­ companying the article and the year in which they were made are : page 8, "The Ancestral Tree" (1968); Page 10, "The Cry for Justice," (1968); Page 11, "Vietnamese Moon" (1967). "The Cry for Justice" is one of a set of eight prints of Crimson Silk whose inspiration is the state­ ment of the great poet-statesman of Vietnam. Nguuen-Du (1765-1820), "The rising cry for justice would pierce Heaven itself." Va-Dinh is also the author of two volumes of tales of old Vietr.am which he illustrated with his own paintings and woodcuts. This article was written prior to President Nixon's cease-fire initiative.

[607) I I After Southeast Asia and the Middle East, Northern Ireland is a close third in the list of those areas which could most use a year ofpeace in 1971. The bombed-out buildings in Belfast's Catholic area testify to the depth of passion on both sides.

Miriam M. Reik eligion and politics in Northern tactic which some unintentionally RIreland have always combined in funny military man dubbed "the peace an explosive mixture. The Protestants, line." Tanks were stationed at strategic who make up two thirds of the popula­ points, mostly school and church tion, and the Catholics, who make up yards, and jeeps with machine guns the other third, have sporadically en­ mounted at the back ominously gaged in savage mini-civil wars ever patrolled the streets. since the 1830's. They pelt each other Heavily armed troops were every­ with rocks and paving stones, bum where, many of them looking bored down homes and shops, attack each or sullen. I stopped to take a picture other with clubs, axes, guns and, more of one soldier, but he lifted his arm recently, molotov cocktails. "The wild in front of his face. Irish, again," sighed a New York "I have permission from the major,'' Times editor as Northern Ireland was I assured him, smiling. pitched once more into a bout of civic ''I'll put that smile on the other side madness last summer. of your face," he snarled and backed People in Dublin laughed when I me up against the wall with his rifle. told them I was driving north to Bel­ He wasn't typical, but he was all too fast. You couldn't get them to go, not possible. with a team of horses, they said. As Almost no one has anything good to the peak season for the Protes tant say about these slum neighborhoods parades in the North, summer is the even in the best of times. They are all most dangerous time of year there. rows of squat, block-length buildings, Large gatherings of people are in the red brick having long since turned themselves sinister in Belfast, par­ into a uniform grey. Bathrooms are ticularly if the parades end with a still not taken altogether for granted round of drinking, and by the time I there, and men who live in the area arrived earlier rioting had already re­ frequently work a 6-day, 54-hour week sulted in twelve deaths, hundreds of to support their families-just barely. wounded and arrested, and dozens of Now it was drearier than ever. Every buildings reduced to rubble. shopkeeper who valued his windows Coming into the business center of had boarded them up and families Belfast, things looked placid enough were sitting tight behind locked shut­ and there was hardly any sign of the ters. Here and there a building-or 11,000 British troops that had been even a whole block-was so cleanly called in. The Protestant areas of town demolished by a year of rioting that even seemed gay, with Union Jacks heavy artillery might have done the flying from almost every window and job. literally miles of red, white and blue Everyone was frightened or angry. bunting strung across the streets. Everyone expected the big parade to Everyone was preparing for the big bring a riot in its wake, and everyone parade of July 12, which celebrates thought that when it came it would be the victory of William of Orange's a lulu. Protestant forces over the Catholic Gay appearances aside, the parades army of James II at the Battle of the carry a message loud and clear to the Boyne in 1690. The huge triumphal Catholic community. It says, "North­ arches that straddle the roads for the ern Ireland became Protestant when parade all carried a whimsical picture William of Orange defeated the Cath­ of him-"King Billy" mounted on a olics, and we will continue to defeat white charger. them. We are all Orangemen, loyal to The contrast couldn't have been the throne of England, not the Pope. sharper as I turned off into the Cath­ Catholics will never take over here as olic ghettos and the mixed neighbor­ they have in the Irish Free State." The hoods. Roadblocks were up on various message is driven home by the main streets where confrontations were like­ symbols of the parade, an open Bible ly, others were barricaded off by and a crown, which are carried on enormous coils of barbed wire-a silken cushions by two pages. Every

Dr. Miriam M. Reik is Professor of Literature at Temple University in Philadelphia. Her last article for this magazine was "Biafra on the Razor s Edge."

[609) 13 Protestant who owns an orange sash, the emblem of allegiance to Bible and crown, wears it on his chest as he marches, and bands follow up with tunes like "The Sash" and "Kill the Pope." These catchy melodies gain an additional provocative zap when they are played, as they sometimes are, while the bands pause in front of Catholic churches. Catholics find the parades deliberate attempts to humiliate them and arro­ gant assertions of what is called the Protestant Ascendency. The message of the parades includes a bitter re­ minder that religion, politics and eco­ nomics are still not separate in North­ ern Ireland. It says, "We Protestants also control the Unionist Party politi­ cally, which means control over vot­ ing, jobs, housing and the police. You had better learn to live as menials and second-class citizens because you haven't got a chance." When these un­ spoken messages begin to reach out, the tension in Belfast comes alive to the point of spookiness, and a shouted in Belfast. I thought it a bit melo­ deaths of Catholics are never very insult or a thrown rock is enough to dramatic, for instance. when he pulled rigorous. tum the crowds into rampaging mobs. out the telephone jack to de-bug the As we passed a Catholic church one I stayed with a family on the lower room before he would discuss politics day, Sean pointed up toward the bel­ Falls Road, the main avenue running with me. When I suggested as deli­ fry. "The police once said the Cath­ through the major Catholic district. cately as I could that he might be olics had a sniper up there," he re­ Across the way were housing shells set getting panicky, he just looked at me marked, "and they charged in." I up for Catholic fa milies that had been with disgust. It was true: he didn't looked up and saw that it would have burned or intimidated out of their seem like someone who panicked been impossible to shoot into the homes, mostly in Protestant areas. easily. street from there. A sniper would have Many other homes had buckets of The man whose family I stayed with needed a gun with bullets that trav­ water standing ready in case a petrol -I will call him Sean-also spent a elled in a semi-circle. I was indignant. bomb was lobbed into the living room, lot of time on defense. He was often I was beginning to get the hang of and I visited one businessman's home out until 3:00 or 4:00 a.m. checking how to be a Catholic in Belfast, where pails of dirt were kept handy trouble spots as part of his duties for though some of the accusations and for the same reason. CDC (Citizens Defense Committee), precautions still smacked of exagger­ "We've been threatened," he said. which organizes protection for the ated fear and paranoia to me. "All the Catholics on this street have Catholic communities and negotiates One of the ways to keep track of been warned by them to move out." on their behalf with the military. His potential trouble brewing in the city "Them" was either his Protestant wife worried about him and their son, is to monitor the police and military neighbors or the U.V.F. (Ulster Volun­ and wouldn't sleep until everyone was radio communications over a short­ teer Force), an outlawed vigilante home, but they all went to work early wave set, and this we did. One eve­ group which considers itself "Protes­ in the morning. It had been a sleepless ning, a report came over saying that a tant and loyal," but which even a Prot­ year. crowd of youths carrying golf clubs estant Prime Minister had been forced The whole city, I thought, had gone was beginning to gather at a certain to call "a sordid conspiracy of crimi­ beanie with fear and worry. Sean location. Golfing, we thought, at nals." Later I was to see the charred would insist, for example, that my car 9 p.m? Sean and I got in the car and hull of a home with nothing whatever be used whenever possible since his headed for the spot. Some blocks away left inside except for a broken toy here was "known," he said. Late at night from it we were held up by a road­ and the blackened shred of a drape he would instruct me to drive in the block, and the constables on duty told there, and "U.V.F." scratched in large middle lane-it provided the quickest us that only residents of the street letters on the walls- a calling card. get-away from attack on either side could pass. Neither my press creden­ "One hundred and twenty pubs have of the street. He also avoided the tials nor mild protest was of any avail. burned down since last summer," the police, who are 90 percent Protestant, It was always a polite, "Sorry, businessman continued, "one hundred as much as he could. Frequently, he madame, we're under orders. Only and twenty of them were Catholic." said, the police not only fa il to stop residents can pass." I wondered if I His fear was apparent enough, but it Protestant rioters, they also egg them could bluff my way through by threat­ was taking me a while to understand on and sometimes even join in. Their ening to report their badge numbers, what it feels like to live as a Catholic attempts to investigate the violent but they had all removed the numbers

14 [610] from their sleeves. I knew I was beat­ en. As we quietly drove off, we saw two of them through the rearview mirror taking down the license num­ ber. I later learned that a Polish pho­ tographer had been shot, who, they said, was mistaken for a sniper. After that, I didn't think anyone was being paranoid anymore. Fearing and distrusting the police, many Catholics welcomed the protec­ tion of the British troops when they first came. "It was good then,'' said Sean's wife, "As long as they treated both sides equally, we would all invite the soldiers in for tea. But now, with the new policy, all that has changed." The new policy, as she called it, was a sudden crack-down on the Catholic districts after a July riot. There was a house-to-house search for arms, ac­ companied by a fair amount of looting and wanton destruction of property by the troops. An indefinite curfew was suddenly dropped on the area which caused real hardship for many of the citizens since no one, not even doctors, was allowed entry and every­ one was told to stay indoors. Arrests tended to be too indiscriminate, so much s6 that a blind man was rumored to have been swept up in one of the raids. What the Catholics universally objected to was that all of these meas­ ures were only taken in their districts. They were left defenseless and once again humiliated by their helpless­ ness. Signs began to appear painted on walls all over the Catholic streets: The strife in Northern Ireland is encouraged by extremist Protestants (top), who beliet:e NO TEA. For the soldiers, of course. nothing should change since the Battle Father Patrick Murphy, an actively of the Boyne, and extremist Catholics (bottom), involved Catholic priest, was not alone tcho tcant to reunite Ulster and Ireland in thinking that the whole idea of try­ and plan to do so under the banner of the Irish Republican Army. The thankless task of ing to solve a social problem through keeping the two sides apart (middle) belongs military means was incredibly ham­ to the British Army. Opposite page: Orange ien handed to begin with. "Take the march in annual emotional parade. 'peace-line,' for instance. That is an example of good military strategy since it keeps the two sides physically apart, but it's not good social policy. The army is hardening social problems that it was sent to dissolve. It only knows how to handle things in a mili­ tary way-even if it had to run a chil­ dren's picnic, it would do it the mili­ tary way." The Reverend Mr. Courtney is a liberal Protestant minister whose church stands on one side of Spring­ field road that is 96 percent Protestant, while his house stands on the other side of the road where it is 94 percent Catholic. The army had taken over his church under the Special Powers Act, which seems to allow the au-

[611] 15 "This year? Oh, well, perhaps they Moderate clergy like Mr. Court­ might be more active now." ney have long condemned some of No one seemed to know or want to their own colleagues, particularly the talk about the I.RA., and I kept get­ Rev.· Ian Paisley, whose inflammatory ting those "I suppose . .. maybe" type rhetoric has brought Protestant mili­ of answers . Persistence fi nally paid off tancy to a new pitch.· Paisley is so ex­ though, and I managed to set up a treme and intractible that many mod­ meeting with some LR.A. offi cers. erates, like Courtney, find him bizarre They were three nice gentleman with - "We thought he was a joke at first. greying hair, all of whom looked like Now we think he is a menace." Paisley respectable workmen. In fa ct, all of skillfully plays on deep Protestant them were respectable workmen, fears by belting out slogans like though when I tallied up how long a "Home Rule is Rome Rule." He con­ time they had spent in prison between sistently condemns any kind of tolera­ them, it came to almost 30 years. Much tion toward the Catholics as a sign of of that time they were held under the weakness and a sinister "Romeward Special Powers Act (the same Act that trend." His politics are inspired by a took away Mr. Courtney's church ), kind of Bible Belt evangelical fervor which means that they were held (he went to Bob Jones University, without charges. South Carolina), and his solution to "The LR.A. was unprepared las t the whole problem is passionately di­ year when the troubles came b ecause rect: he once offered to pay the fare we were under the influence of a of any Roman Catholic who was will­ group that wanted to work in purely ing to leave Northern Ireland. parliamentary ways. That group has Catholics agree with Courtney that now splintered off, and many more religion is not the real issue, but they people are joining us. They now realize tend to stress civil rights reform as No longer invited so o~ e n to tea by that they have to defend themselves." the answer. To be Catholic in Belfast fri endly Catholics, this British "Tommy" "What about all the recent bomb­ means being the last to get a job and still managed a smile for Dr. Reik. ings that you are often held to blame the first to lose it; it means having for?" one's district gerrymandered and be­ thorities to do almost anything, and "It's absolutely not us. Our policy is ing deprived of representation; it we met in the one small office left for strictly defensive now; we try to keep means getting a bad shake from both his use. The little collection box on his things as quiet as possible. After all, the police and the magistracy. With a desk had been rifled by the troops, and Catholic or Protestant, we are all new crop of civil rights workers to they had stolen some of his shaving Irish. Our goals are nationalistic, not lead them, Bernadette Devlin being gear. They also used his telephone sectarian. We simply don't want to be only the most famous among them, the freely, fo r which he had to pay, and ruled by the English government­ Catholics are making demands for he had already discovered one call to every inch of this land belongs to the equality which radically threaten the Shanghai on his bill. How did he feel Irish." Protestant power structure. They be­ about the military? He didn't like "If your policy is defensive now, lieve Devlin when she tells them that them, he said, but added with amaz­ what will it be later?" religious issues are being exploited to ing Christian fatalism that "there must "Oh, later, when we are ready, why keep the working class divided and be a reason for it. God doesn't do any­ we'll strike." wages low. In the words of Tom thing for nothing." "Is it true that you kidnapped Mr. Conaty, the dapper head of the Citi­ Mr. Courtney blamed much of the Courtney once-for his own good?" zens Defense Committee, "I don't violence on ordinary hoodlums itching "Well, yes, we did that. But he was want to kill the Protestants, I want to for a fi ght, some of it he blamed on willing enough to come along, you kill the System. The people are only the U.V.F., and some on the LR.A. know, and we returned him as soon as cannon fodder." ( Irish Republican Army). it was safe again ." But the System will not fall easily, "The LR.A.?" I asked skeptically. Mr. Courtney believes that North­ combining as it does so many ele­ "Oh, yes. You know they kidnapped ern Ireland's troubles are political, not mental fears and interests. Almost no me one night. They said it was for my reli gious. He sees it as a conflict be­ one is optimistic about finding a ra­ own good to protect me during a riot. tween the nationalistic aims of people tional and bloodless solution. Perhaps They seem to like me for some reason." like the LR.A. and the Unionist inter­ the most astute suggestion I heard I began poking around about the ests of the politicians; religion is only came from a Roman Catholic laborer. I .R.A., and one typical response was being used as an issue. "There will be He was suspicious of outsiders, and to from a Catholic community leader. no solution,'' he said musingly, "until assure him of my neutrality I told him "When the troubles began last year Ireland is one, but the situation will be that I was neither Protestant nor Cath­ and the mob was charging down the even worse then because the U.V.F . olic, then asked him what his solution street, there was no LR.A. and only will become the new LR.A." This to the problem was. He scrutinized me two guns on all of Falls Road to pro­ cheerful man saw no ultimate solu­ carefully for a minute, then said, tect us. That," he said, "was when the tion whate.ver other than changing "Bring in a couple of Jews . Both sides myth of the LR.A. was exploded." men's hearts through the grace of God would get together then to crush the "What about this year?" - in short, a miracle. new scapegoat." •

16 [ 6 12]

Some people described him as " just one of the boys"; others such as the Frenchman Jean Cocteau said he was " the greatest living artist of the Orient" and "a creative magician of the highest order." He expressed a more humble view, "I am a disciple and a searcher." The man : Hosse in Behzad, an Iranian artist famous for his miniature paintings. Behzad is most familiar to Chris­ tians during the Christmas season . He was a two time winner of the annual Lit-Lit Christmas card contest. His first entry in 1957 was " Wise Men From the East" (on the back cover) . The painting is a portrayal of the Magi, members of the scholarly priestly class of ancient Persia. There has been some question of its au­ thenticity because it does not follow the style of Behzad. Yet the sincerity of his acceptance speech negates all doubt: " I have received many honors in my life, but I count this honor greater than all the rest. For the others came to me from men, but this honor is from Jesus Christ." His second Lit-Lit Christmas card, published in 1967, was one that he had completed in 1930 for an illus­ tration of Dr. Daniel Fleming's book, Each With His Own Brush, entitled " The Adoration of the Wise Men." This painting was not submitted by Behzad, but rather by members of the staff. The card represents a por­ tion of the total painting for it ex­ cludes Joseph, who originally stood behind Mary; the title was changed to " Persian Magi." Behzad was a great innovator of (from material prepared miniature pa inting, an art form basi­ by Wi ll iam M cElwee Miller, She rman B. Fung ca lly unchanged for 300 years. As he and Amir Taheri.) on ce related, " I began by copying

18 ( 6 14) Iran's great miniatures. It was in this way that I discovered the greatne ss of this art form as w ell as its limita­ tions, which were largely imposed by the old school. This was a passionate love affai r which lasted for thirty years . And then, suddenly, I found what I had been looking for all the time without knowing it: the idea of breaking the chains imposed by former artists." When Behzad came along, minia­ ture painting was on the decline. For centuries artists followed the tradi­ tions from the Mongol empire. It was during their rule that miniature painting became an independent art form. Although the Iranian artist adapted the miniature to his ow n ·purpose, the Mongolian influence remained for centuries. Some inno­ vations were made during the seven ­ teenth century by Reza Abbasi, the greatest of all Persian miniaturists. But it was not until the twentieth century that miniature painting had a rejuvenation. Behzad enhanced and enlarged upon the changes made by Abbasi. He introduced perspective, elimi­ nated detail, and added color. He dispensed with Mongolian faces and Chinese attire and concentrated on Persian characteristics. The curves and bends in the ancient miniature were replaced with the discipline of design. Much of the success of Behzad can be attributed to the influence of a Christian layman, Abdullah Rahimi , a dealer in art objects and antiques. Early in Behzad's career, Rahimi rec­ ognized the potential of his art, yet this talent was being undermined by Behzad' s addiction to opium. With

[ 615] 19 The Prodigal Returns

the help of Rahimi and seve ral mis­ lessons from his father, a well-known siona ries, Behzad gradually over­ painter and miniaturist. At the age of came this habit and his talent grew. six he attended a school which con­ Although most of Beh zad's work centrated more on Muslim re ligious illustrates famous passages from the instruction and good conduct than works of Iranian poets (so me 400 the potential of a person. While miniatures in 60 years) , he did con­ other students were busily studying. tribute a great deal to the Persian in­ Behzad was sketching-and getting terpretation of Biblical passages­ into trouble with his teachers. nineteen in all. His father died shortly after he en­ His first effort after his conversion tered school. For economic reasons was " Christ in Glory" -a confession Behzad became an apprentice to a of his own faith. Inscribed in Persian calligrapher and studied art by copy­ are the words: " Master of love," ing old masters. At seventeen he 11 Lord of truth," " Savior of all," and moved to Tehran and set up a studio " Christ the Lord." It is signed workshop in the bazaar area. In 1924 " Behzad, servant of Christ." he traveled to Paris to study Western One of his favorite passages from art as well as the best of Persian the Bible was the parable of the miniatures. He realized then that the Prodigal Son-a story with which he modern European style of painting could easily identify. Born in 1894 in was not suitable for Persian art, yet Isfahan, a center for Persian arts and the freedom of expression in West­ crafts, Behzad received his first art ern art could be adapted to the

The Woman at the Well Christ the True Vine

20 [616] formalized miniature painting. It was Miller, a long-time missionary in Iran, fied space, created by the use of at this point that he became the and friend of Behzad, had the oppor­ family colors. There is a Persian revolutionary innovator. tunity of obtaining a Persian rug with Christ sitting before Persians. In 1935 Behzad was sent to France a Christian design . The only stum­ Throughout his career as an artist by the Fine Arts Administration of bling block was that the Muslim he passed through many stages of the Ministry of Education in a gov­ weaver would not design the Chris­ development-from a pessimistic ernmental program to educate stu­ tian pattern. Miller went to Behzad romantic to a realist and finally to an dents in the West. Although he was for advice, showing him Western re­ epic artist. His last great work, " Con­ in his forties at the time and a well­ ligious paintings that might be suit­ quest of Babylon," is a miniature on established artist in his own country, able for the rug. But Behzad object­ a large scale depicting a scene from he studied for thirteen months in ed, " Since the rug is to be Iranian, both Biblical and secular history-a Paris. In 1948 he was commissioned the art should be Iranian too, not Eu­ large, joyful crowd pouring out of by the.government to illustrate a new ropean." Behzad then offered to de­ the gateway of a walled city. Painted edition of Khayyam . He also ex­ sign the pattern himself-creating a for the 2500th anniversary of the hibited in the Archaeological Muse­ picture of Christ coming to Bethany Iranian monarchy, it commemorates um in Tehran in celebration of the to raise Lazarus from the dead and the clemency of Cyrus the Great who 1000th anniversary of lbn Sina Martha greeting him by kneeling at encouraged the Jewish exiles to leave (Avicenna), an eleventh-century his feet. Above the head of Christ in Babylon and return to Jerusalem. physician and philosopher. the blossoms of the tree is a cross . Behzad died on October 14, 1968, Throughout his career he always " Christ the True Vine" was painted at the age of seventy-five, widely rec­ found time to contribute religious for Dr. Fleming's second book, Chris­ ognized in Iran as the greatest minia­ paintings to both the church and his tian Symbols. It is typical of a Behzad turist since Reza Abbasi. • Christian friends. William McE. miniature: there is a feehng of uni- -Emily Magan

Christ Coming to Bethany

(617] 21 CHANGDNG M0$$00NDN NORYHIERN INIE EXDCc

T HE VA LLEY OF THE RIO GRANDE in just north of Espanola, welcomed After New Mexico passed to the northern New Mexico gives credence Governor Juan de Ofia te and his com­ United States in the war between to the state's boast of being "the land pany of about 400 when they arrived Mexico and the U.S., white ("Anglo") of enchantment." To the east of the to colonize in 1598, years before the settlement grew. Since the location of river and its magnificent gorge towers settlement at Jamestown. Friars fol­ the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos the Sangre de Cristo Range, its purple lowed the colonizers and New Mex­ in 1942, atomic research has led to and burnt-red peaks clear against the ico became a frontier mission field. great population and economic blue, blue sky in which the sun shines However, disputes between religious changes and the influx of highly 360 days a year. To the west is the and civil authorities over jurisdiction, trained scientists and supporting per­ Continental Divide. Juniper and pifion and the attempts of the friars to put sonnel, including military and service scent mountain slopes and sage and an end to Indian religious practices, industries. cactus grow in the dry stream beds. caused such unrest that in 1680 the However, northern New Mexico re­ Awesome red buttes rise dramatically Pueblos revolted and ousted the Span­ mains an economically depressed area. from the Aat expanses. ish settlers, killing many of them and Like Appalachia, its beauty has been Three cultures- Spanish, Indian their priests. deceptive, isolating communities and and Anglo- meet in the valley. The In 1692 Spanish troops under Diego diminishing land resources. Its pockets ruins of the cliff dwellings of the de Vargas reentered the New Mexico of affiuence, such as Los Alamos, have Pueblo Indians date from pre-historic province. Three years later De Vargas not altered the overwhelming poverty times. Present-day adobe pueblos on colonized Santa Cruz. The resident of the Indian and the predominantly the slopes of the Sangre de Cristo, in Tanos Indians were forced to leave Hispanic population. Farm families the shadow of Black Mesa, and on the and retreated to Chimayo, which has face severe economic problems and shores of the Rio Grande are home to become famous as the home of the pressures: parched soil, continual sub­ cattlemen, farmers and world-re­ weavers. As the Spanish empire grad­ division of land plots, and outdated nowned potters and silver craftsmen. ually disintegrated in later years, war­ farming methods. Disputes over land The Spanish conquistadores arrived ring Apache Indians harassed both ownership have given rise to militance. in the 1500's in search of the fabled Spanish and peaceful Indian com­ Low incomes, poor education, high seven cities of gold . San Juan Pueblo, munities. unemployment and high emigration

22 [6 18) Mission is changing in the Rio Grande Valley. But timelessness in evidenced in an Indian pueblo at Santa Clara. plague the area. Apathy in such a sit­ present location of McCurdy School For the past two years, the high school uation is hard to combat; the inci­ and one of the centers of the work of has had flexible scheduling in which dence of alcoholism is many times the the United Methodist Church in New class length is set according to the ac­ national average. Poor health is Mexico today. tivity planned; resource centers or endemic, particularly respiratory ill­ The Roman Catholic Church, open labs are operating when regular ness (from lack of central heating ), whose historic Holy Cross Church classes are not in session. dystentery, gall bladder and kidney dominates the town plaza, showed op­ This fall McCurdy Schools and disease (inadequate hygiene ), and position from the beginning. Children Huly Cross School, once so mutually strep infection. were ridiculed, workers were labeled hostile, launched a new ecumenical agents of the devil, and Bibles were venture in education. The McCurdy The United Presbyterian and United confi scated and burned. School Board of Trustees voted to ac­ Methodist Churches have extensive, Despite harassment, the McCurdy cept two seventh and two eighth grade multi-thrust ministries in the Rio Schools continued to operate and to­ sections of Holy Cross students, and Grande Valley of northern New Mex­ day include a high school, school of the Holy Cross Parish Council is as­ ico. The presence of both churches in practical nursing and an elementary sisting students' families in paying tui­ the area predates New Mexico's join­ school at Santa Cruz and elementary tion if they choose to e.nroll at Mc­ ing the United States in 1912. schools at Alcalde and Vallecitos. Curdy. Holy Cross Parish and John The United Brethren Church (a The boarding school at Santa Cruz Hyson School, a Presbtyerian school at forerunner of the Evangelical United serves students seeking college prepa­ nearby Chimayo, are providing trans­ Brethren Church which united with ration courses who come from small portation. Methodism in 1968 ) began its work in mountain communities where educa­ The merged classes are being inte­ 1908 by organizing a church in a tional opportunities are limited. It also grated into the high school schedule schoolhouse. Four years later a United becomes the home for children of di­ to better utilize teachers in such areas Brethren deaconess, Miss Mellie Per­ vorced parents or young people hav­ as industrial arts, home economics, kins, began teaching in the little vil­ ing special needs. A pacemaker in ed­ physical education, and business. The lage of Velarde. In 1915 she set up a ucati on, McCurdy's elementary school religion courses, an integral part of boarding school in Santa Cruz, the has a non-graded plan of evaluation. both schools, are being taught on a

( 619] 23 team-teaching basis by Miss Ruth health service, a 2.5-bed extended care Stambach, director of Christian Edu­ unit and 75 in-patient beds. cation at McCurdy, and Sister Bernice In addition, a new outpost medical Garcia, principal of Holy Cross. clinic has just been opened at Chama, a mountain community 85 miles north­ Dale Robinson, superintendent of west of Espanola near the Colorado McCurdy Schools, and the Rev. Au­ border. The area had been without gustin Cortez, pastor of Holy Cross the services of a physician since the Church, said in a joint statement: death last winter of Dr. J. I. Dunham, "Our thinking along these lines was who lived in Chama and served the perhaps stimulated by the increasing medical needs of the surrounding problems we face in financing private communities for over 50 years. schools. But the most pressing reasons were to improve the quality of educa­ B esides its medical and educational tion being offered to our children work, the United Methodist Church's while at the same time preserving the ministry in the area includes a com­ right to emphasize the importance of munity recreation program, which law the Christian faith. We desire to pro­ enforcement agencies credit with the vide for education in an environment marked decline in juvenile delinquen­ which by precept and example demon­ cy in the Espanola Valley in recent strates a better life through the prac­ years. tice of the Christian faith. Through a group ministry plan, five "Our modern society in recent years full- and three part-time pastors staff has become more and more polarized nine churches and provide a chaplain into separate groups. In some areas for the hospital. They jointly plan groups are openly antagonistic toward programs, pool resources and ideas, each other. By proceeding with this and experiment with and evaluate type of close cooperation we· will be new approaches in ministry. Among demonstrating what can be done at the resources shared are a director of the local level to bring about recon­ Christian Education, a central library ciliation in our community." of books and audio visual materials, The newest example of community and Sunday evening classes. One pas­ outreach of McCurdy School, its tor directs the camping program, spe­ School of Practical Nursing, graduated cial travel seminars and wintertime its first class a year ago. Stan Egli, ad­ recreation. Another minister works ministrator of the Espanola Hospital, primarily in the fi eld of counseling; a and Dale Robinson saw the need for a third coordinates the program for the practical nursing program to help al­ council of pastors. A fourth pastor leviate the shortage of trained hospi­ visits in homes in areas where there is tal personnel and to provide needed not a full-time pastor. The council of family income. The second class will pastors is involving church members soon finish its work under the director­ in community service projects such as ship of Miss Mary Jane Fogal. The 12- a telephone crisis and referral service. month program, open to high school The United Presbyterian Church graduates, includes courses in nurs­ also has extensive educational, medi­ ing, maternal and child care, nutri­ cal and recreational ministry in the tion, and personal, family and commu­ northern New Mexico area. At Chi­ nity health. Clinical training is at mayo, the Church, through its Na­ Espanola Hospital. tional Missions Board, operates John Espanola Hospital, just across the Hyson Memorial School. The Span­ Rio Grande from Santa Cruz, was the ish-American children who attend this outgrowth of the church's interest in day school come from families rang­ the health and welfare of the people ing from the neediest to what might living in the Espanola Valley. The be called middle-class. Their Spanish­ money for the original building was language background and lack of donated by philanthropist Arthur many experiences predispose them to Pack. The hospital has been repeated­ academic failure in traditional public ly enlarged with local, governmental school systems. The school provides a and church grants. A new hospital kindergarten and primary school in wing, comprising the second phase of which language development is em­ a $2.2 million expansion and moderni­ phasized, and a wealth of learning ex­ zation program, opened in August. periences is provided. A creative en­ Upon completion of the fin al phase vironment is sought and an ungraded in 1971, the hospital will have a home system i being considered. Remedial

24 [620] ''Northern New Mexico remains an economically depressed area. Like Appalachia_, its beauty has been deceptive.n

programs, vacation schools, summer Northwes t of Espanola, at Abiquiu, reading and recreation for both chil­ in a region noted for its dinosaur dig­ dren and adults are also provided. gings and painted cliffs, is Ghost At Truchas, in the mountains east of Ranch. Some 23,000 acres were given Chimayo, is another National Missions to the Presbyterian Church by Arthur institution, the Truchas Presbyterian Pack in 1955 as a national retreat and Day School. Truchas is a traditional education center. The center, main­ Spanish vi ll ag~. Its old churches have tained by the U.P.U.S.A. Board of fine examples of rare antique santos, Christian Education, is set in the and in some homes, the men still prac­ midst of superb vistas. It is dedicated tice the art of carving these saint fig­ to Christian living and learning for ures. In Truchas the Penitente sect still persons of all ages. The ranch has ac­ holds mysterious Holy Week services commodations for more than 300 peo­ (at one time a "Penny Tenny" was ple. In the course of a year some 5,000 sy mbolically-or actually- crucified young people use its facilities. each Good Friday). Spanish-Ameri­ It is in the area of health care that the United Presbyterian Church has can people make up approximately 98 perhaps made its most significant and percent of the population served by far-reaching contribution. The Board the School. Attempts are made to help of National Missions had operated improve the local public school sys­ hospitals and outposts clinics in the tem by means of presenting innovative southwest for a number of years when, educational ideas such as ungraded in the sixties, it took a hard look at its classes, parent conferences, use of institutions. Finding lifelong mission­ psychologists, community library for aries to staff the remote medical facili­ young people and adults, evening ties was increasingly difficult; making study halls, and a summer school for efficient use of facilities was also diffi­ junior and senior highs. The kinder­ cult; new community hospitals were garten is the only one in the commu­ fin ally being built. Health education nity. and preventative health care were ob-

(621] 25 Hispanic Americans make up the viously urgent needs. student body at John Hyson Cottage Hospital in nearby Dixon, Memorial School at Chimayo. As a result of this study, Presby­ New Mexico in 1914. The hospital not terian Medical Services of the South­ only treats over 13,000 patients an­ west was established in 1965. Thomas nually but sponsors weekly clinics in Harnish, who had been in medical nearby Penasco as well. The 25-bed mission work in Korea and Guatemala hospital provides medical, surgical, and administrator of Presbyterian pediatric, obstetric, outpatient and Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital in emergency services to the residents of Baltimore, was named the director. an immense three-county area of His job was to administer the four a­ northern New Mexico. An outside tional Missions medical units at Ga­ staff of consultants periodically pro­ nado, Arizona; San Luis, Colorado; vides dental, opthalmological and Embudo and Cleveland, ew Mexico. other specialized services. Many of the From the beginning Mr. Harnish hospital's patients are poor farmwork­ was as concerned with developing ers and the hippies who are despised what he calls "healthy communities" by the community. as with medical treatment. He thought In a rugged and economically de­ in terms of diet, sanitation, hygiene, pressed area, the Mora Valley Medical mental health, economic and spiritual unit, another PMS unit, supplies medi­ well-being. From his office in Santa cal care which would not otherwise Fe, he and his capable staff have be attainable. Before 1957, when the worked for comprehensive health clinic was established, Mora County's planning, liaison with public and pri­ only medical care was provided by vate medical organizations and mobili­ bi-monthly clinics conducted by the zation of local communities. PMS ad­ staff of Embudo Hospital. Equipped ministered the ew 1exico Hospital with X-ray, emergency, obstetrical Association for a while, originated the and pharmacy facilities, and a dental orthern ew 1exico Hospital Coun­ clinic t\vice weekly, the unit treats cil and orth Central ew Mexico nearly 5,000 patients annually. Aver­ Health Planning Council. Plans are age annual family income is less than underway for the establishment of the $1,000 in rural Mora County. orthern ew Mexico Rural Health Poverty and its accompanying prob­ System, depending upon the availa­ lems will no doubt persist in the Rio bility of funds. PMS received $49,000 Grande Valley of northern ew 1ex­ in federal monies for the organization ico for years to come. The u picions of communities for comprehensive and hostilitie which spring from iso­ health planning in eight ew ~[exico lation, economic inequality and dis­ counties, a program now separate putes over land owner hip have exac­ from PMS and funded by the Health, erbated the situation and prevented Education and Welfare Department. the mutual cooperation essential to self-help efforts . The merit in both the The oldest institution now under United 1ethodist and United Presby­ PMS admini tration is Embudo Pres­ terian mini tries is their comprehen- byterian Hospital in Rio Arriba oun­ ivene and their ability to forge new ty near the olorado border. It traces partnerships. Hopefully they can erve it origin to the founding of Brooklyn a models for the area. •

Tliis article was based on a number of reports, including one from Jo11ce ass at McCurd11 Srhool.

26 [622 ]

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Cathedral of Asmara, Ethiopia

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Los Remedios, Mexico

36 [632) Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem

Coptic Pilgrims, Ethiopia 38 [634] cAfary to Joseph

You ask why these strangers came, It is poured on the meal why they brought these gifts. when the cereal offering is burned. They said they were led by a star, These men worshiped my Son. and I believe them, Joseph. But what of the myrrh? They were learned men, You say it is used skilled in reading the stars. in the holy anointing oil. Could not Yahweh reveal Himself to them But, Joseph, it is also through the book of the heavens a gift for the grave! as he revealed Himself to our people Is that why the Child woke through a book? and wept They said they were seeking a King when the myrrh was presented? and had found Him, Must the Chosen One suffer? prostrated themselves, ls that what the great prophet meant! laid their gifts It is written at the feet of the Child. the Servant shall justify many, Yes, I know go ld is a tribute for He shall bear their iniquities. for a king. Joseph, bring me my cloak, 811 t what of the frankincense? f feel suddenly cold. f s it not a s'ym bol of Deity? ft is vsed in the incense sacred to Yahweh. Helen G. Jefferson

(635) 39 /'( BREEZE MOVES the tops of the ~ trees-the magnificent oaks A that stand in stately rows on the quadrangle of the Bennett Col­ lege campus at Greensboro, North Carolina. It's very quiet . The only sounds are my heels on the ••••• flagstone walk. And the gentle scrape­ scrape of a broom. A medium-tall black girl in a pale green dress is I I •• sweeping the walk in front of Ethel F. Black Hall. "Is Dr. George Breathett in?' She shakes her head. ••••••• "I .?ave an appointment with him here. "He's not in there," she says. To make ••&&•••Amy Lee sure she leads me down a hall past ~~::==:::::=BmC=::l2!1DB••••••••••••lii••• closed classroom doors, through a

40 [636] pine-paneled auditorium to his office the same kind of green doors. The "There is more and more need for just off the stage. She knocks, tries the chapel, with its handsome white money," he goes on. "We need it for door. It is locked. The Chairman of columns and tall spire, dominates the the whole area of faculty enrichment. the Division of Social Sciences and quadrangle, witness to the "things of We do not have enough money for Professor of History obviously is not the Spirit" that shape Bennett ideals. faculty travel. We can't supplement there. He had told me he would have The prevailing campus architecture faculty needs. We need money to pro­ an earlier appointment with visitors. is colonial-red brick, small-paned vide an adequate sabbatical leave pro­ On our way out I admire the pine windows, white trim, white blinds, gram. We need additional money to paneling in the auditorium. My guide columns. bring distant scholars here for lectures says it's nice, "but this building is old." Two magnolia trees in front of Black and seminars." I had noticed big chipped-out places Hall, younger than the tall oaks, shel­ One source of funds has disap­ in the black-and-tan tile floor. ter small plaques. One reads, "In peared with integration. "Special in­ "You do have some new buildings." memory of David Dallas Jones, by stitutes used to be held here in the "Yes, a new science hall ." Class of 1956"; one, "In memory of summer, Dr. Breathett notes, "before Henry Pfeiffer Science Hall-1968. Muriel Day, by Class of 1958." the jurisdictional change [elimination I had parked near it. Mrs. Jones, widow of the late be­ of the Negro Central Jurisdiction] . She asks, "Are you one of the new loved president of Bennett, still lives Now they go to Junaluska or some teachers? Several new ones are com­ in the charming white house next to other place. ing." the president's house on campus. She "And we are trying to provide a slot I say no, but add that teaching is a is away-there's no chance to ask her in the budget for preventive mainte­ wonderful profession. She agrees. how her jazz collection is coming nance. There's hardly a building on I thank her. She takes up the broom along. this campus less than 40 years old. The again. I find a bench under an oak. She loves Duke, Jelly Roll Morton, board thinks in terms of new build­ The fl agstone walks go out like King Oliver, Louis, Bud Freeman .... ings as against maintenance." Dr. spokes of a wheel across the quad­ Dr. Breathett and three people Breathett strongly favors rehabilita­ rangle. In some sections the grass has emerge from the Administration Build­ tion and upkeep of old buildings and grown long. In some it has been re­ ing near the chapel. sound construction. cently cut. Leaves have already fa llen "We're still at it," he calls out as he "We have plans to renovate Black and lie brown and brittle-under the leads them toward another part of the Hall." trees. campus. I thought of the chipped fl oor, the An el.derly black man walks slowly Dr. Breathett, a 17-year member of remark of the young woman with the down one of the "spokes" toward a the Bennett faculty, has a historical broom, "This building is old." distant building. On another "spoke" and a very "now" view of this United In spite of the money famine, Ben­ a pretty young black girl comes to­ Methodist-related college for black nett works to keep its academic pro­ ward me, smiles and says, "Good women, of its needs and its continuing gram balanced and progressive. morning." Later a man and his wife purpose. It was founded, he reminds, "The new push," Dr. Breathett says, and two children, one tagging behind, in 1873 as a co-educational college and "of course is on Afro-American studies. pass me and speak shyly. was reorganized as a woman's college We show how these studies can be in­ A power mower suddenly buzzes. A in 1906. Now part of the Tri-Coll ege corporated into regul ar classes rather man in blue coveralls is mowing the Consortium which includes two pre­ than set up as separate co urses. grass in front of two smallish buildings dominantly white local colleges­ "We've always done this. just beyond the quadrangle. Guilford and Methodist-related "We continue to try to demonstrate Otherwise the quiet is almost total, Greensboro College-Bennett num­ that black and white folks can work as if everything is suspended, awaiting bers white and Asian students among together. This is nothing new at Ben­ action that will come later. its graduate student body. nett." Painters and fix-up men are around, Bennett has acute money needs. This fall Bennett introduced courses preparing for it. Air conditioning is "We're trying," says Dr. Breathett, that Dr. Breathett calls unique; in po­ being installed in the Administration "to provide for students who still wish litical science: courses in black politi­ Building. The day before I had to and are in need of more individual in­ cal thought and black political partici­ squeeze past the rigging to get into an struction in a small college setting. It's pation; in economics: a course in office. A secretary said, "Air condition­ quite a task now ... with spiraling poverty in America ("which no one is ing isn't in the dormitories yet." costs... teaching"), and a course in black eco­ A bird skims across the trees. Sev­ "More individual instruction for stu­ nomic organization. eral small birds are clustered under dents doesn't mean they're poor stu­ Grants from the federal government one big oak exploring the grass and dents. They just function better in a under Title 4 will provide special ser­ dirt. personalized setting. vices for disadvantaged college stu­ A youngish man in a business suit "Our enrollment is 650-the same as dents in history, remedial reading, walks by, says hello . it was in 1959. It has only fluctuated counseling. "And we're now putti ng There are small piles of grass and about 100 in all this time. phonics back in," he says. dead leaves at intervals on the walk "Scholarships are a large area of "We still think in terms of the over­ that bisects the quadrangle, running need," he says. "Can we hold the line? all kind of student we have. Afro stu­ from Black Hall to a gracious-looking We may have to increase the size of di es are important, but as part of the building opposite, set back from the classes. Average class now is 15-­ whole." quadrangle-Carrie Barge Hall . It has that's a ratio of one to 10. Scholarship Dr. Breathett's word for Bennett a pretty green door. The chapel has money is most important. educati on: "Balanced." •

(637] 41 (United Presbyterian fraternal worker Miss Caldwell is director of The Chris­ tian Family Service Center which helps refugees who have resettled in en HONGKONG Hong Kong.) c CHRISTMASTIME Christmas is for Mrs. Yu who is in I.I.I our anti-cancer hospital. She is the mother of four children. At first she BRAZIL refused to be hospitalized because there was no one at home to care for MPF AND SCHOOLING en her children. One of our Christian Family Service Center workers helped to find a woman to care for Mrs. Yu's a: children and the Center pays U.S. $18 Most of our people are poor and per month for this care. Mrs. Yu's ill­ undernourished. One of our most re­ ness is serious and she sometimes be­ warding experiences is to see the I.I.I comes depressed and weeps as she change in their health as a result of fears she may have to leave her chil­ the distribution of "MPF" (Multiple dren. Surely Christmas is for Mrs. Yu Purpose Food) , a vitamin and mineral and her family. supplement made of soy beans, fur­ And Christmas is for Mr. Chen who nished by our Board of Social Con­ comes to the Center regularly on cerns; also the classes in hygie.ne and g crutches . He has suffered from tuber­ nursing which we have sponsored culosis and leprosy. He is weak and with the aid of a nurse. Just as we pale and somehow can't quite believe hoped to start a public playground for that anyone really cares about him. children at one of our churches, the For so long he has suffered both physi­ city government inaugurated one near­ cally and emotionally that he finds it by in a better lot. Incidentally, Meth­ hard to believe that he is of real worth odists pioneered the first public play­ and that Christmas is for him, too. ground in Brazil. Our adult literacy Then there is Mr. Wong who was in class continues, although with few an industrial accident and had to have pupils. his arm amputated. CFSC helped him Speaking of poverty, I wish you get an artifi cial arm and hook hand. could have been with me recently on He is now working, cleaning a govern­ a visit to Brasilia (the ten-year-old ment resettlement estate. He earns capital ), and seen our parochial school about H .K. $350 per month ( U.S. in one of the worst slums of that beau­ $57). Early this month he came to tiful, modern city. That particular present a-gift of H.K. $100 which he slum, without sewerage and few facili­ asked us to give to "someone who is ties for water and lights, has 50,000 poor and needy." Surely, Christmas is people who have come from all over for Mr. Wong. the country seeking a better life. No And Christmas is for Syu Jen, the permanent buildings are allowed, as en 15-year-old girl who was living with the entire slum is to be removed her father in a shack built on a roof­ eventually to city housing. So our top in Kowloon City. Her father died church and school are just wooden a: of lung cancer a month ago, leaving shacks, used day and night by 650 her alone. Her mother deserted them children who come in three shifts. when she was a three-year-old. Syu The government furnishes free lunches I.I.I Jen has had only three years of school­ and teachers, and a Brazilian Method­ ing. Through the cooperation of the ist woman doctor gives free medical Sisters of the Good Shepherd Syu Jen assistance. Thus our church tries to I­ has been placed in a residential school give them a better life, even though at where she will receive the kind of help best it is pretty miserable. ... she needs, including friendship and I was interested to learn recently vocational training. that ten cities of Brazil now have I­ Surely, Christmas is for Vietnam, monuments to the Bible in their public North and South, and for those in squares. The last of these was un­ I.I.I Hong Kong and in many cities of the veiled in a town where fifteen years world who protest against war. Christ­ ago the same square was the scene of mas is for Peace. the public burning of Bibles. The I Doris E. Caldwell Brazilian Bible Society now distributes more Bibles than any other country of mistakes and wrong turns-but who the world except the United States. would dare say, we're not ready to run They have just recently edited an ecu­ our own lives. So, many of us here are menical edition of the New Testament, happy to "consult" or work with or be with the imprimatur of the Roman here-so long as we are needed. Then Catholic authorities. Conditions are KENYA a Kenyan can take over. certainly changing. A few months ago RELIGIOUS EDUCATION Emily V. Gibbes I participated with a Catholic priest (Miss Gib bes serves in the Presbyte­ and Lutheran minister in a discussion I have just purchased tea, sugar, rian Church in East Africa as a con­ of the importance of religion in ,the milk and cookies for "four-thirty tea" sultant on education. ) home. The meeting was held in the tomorrow at our Sponsors' Representa­ theater of one of our suburbs, with tives Workshop. The schools are all standing room only. Next month one under the government now, but the of our factories has invited me to par­ Presbyterian Church maintains a ticipate in an ecumenical service of "sponsor's relationship" with its former gratitude on its anniversary. TAIWAN schools through three representatives Charles and Helen Clay on the school committees. Tomorrow, MOUNTAIN TRIBES (Mr. Clay is pastor of two Methodist we will have those representatives Our sister institution in the north, churches and two additional congre­ from the Presbyterian Church of East Taiwan Thelogical College, on Grass gations in the state of Mato Grasso in Africa and the Anglican Church main­ Mountain overlooking the smog and ly to try to discover whether or not Brazil.) din of Taipei city far below, needed a there is a possibility for a creative re­ part-time teacher in pastoral care for lationship. this past semester. Therefore, Ted Class time is scheduled in all pri­ went up there every other week, teach­ mary and secondary schools in Reli­ ing classes on Friday and Saturday. gious Education. Often the Roman Among the 30 students in the pasto­ TRINIDAD Catholic children are taught separate­ ral care class were two from Thailand ly, but the Muslims and Hindus (lots COMMUNICATION and three from the mountain tribes of and lots of Indians ) and others are Taiwan. The northern seminary has a free to stay in Protes tant or R.C. The work here in the Caribbean large number of mountain students classes, depending on the headmaster. goes well. We are witnessing the from the ten aboriginal tribes. Most of We are engaged at the Council of launching of the Caribbean Christian their grandfathers were headhunters Churches level (Protestant and Rom­ Communication Network ( CCCN ). but their fathers and mothers are of an Catholic) in developing a com­ An Information Officer has been the generation converted to Chris­ bined curriculum for primary schools. chosen. The editor for the proposed re­ tianity during World War II, in great At the same time, we are aware of a gional, ecumenical newspaper has part through the efforts of the intrepid slowly growing desire on the part of been selected. Educational television lady from the Taroko tribe, Chi Oang. Muslims and Hindus to have some­ in Barbados is now offering a base for The people of these ten tribes once thing of their beliefs scheduled into the training program and for the pro­ could communicate to those of other school time. Also, more and more, we ducing of radio and television shows, tribes only through Japanese, but now are involved in discussion as to the which may be used throughout the can through Mandarin Chinese. Their place of teaching African traditional area by cooperating groups. The local own languages are related to Filipino religions. Should this be taught by the television station in Trinidad (T'TT ) and Malay tongues. Economically and teachers of religion or should it be continues to offer the Guild of Chris­ educationally they are indeed needy handled as a separate subject-and at tian Broadcasters a fifteen-minute people, eking out an existence on the what age level? So, it is quite possible weekly slot for documentaries and dis­ cliffs and ledges of the great central that R.E. in "public" schools will cussions. We have carried on this pro­ mountain range. Despite the hard­ change in the next few years-and it gramming since the first of the year ships, they are a warm and responsive just could be that Protestants will slip with telling effect. Last night a promi­ people, sensitive to beauty and fervent nent architect and a local artist pre­ from their now advantageous position. in their religious faith. sented their views, assisted by Kenya is an interesting country, and One of the mountain students is liv­ graphics, models and visuals, on its people are industrious and gra­ ing with his wife and small son at the "Church and Art." The second part of cious. It keeps me on top just to be as­ Mountain Service Center, ministering their lively discussion will be aired sociated with a country, a church, and to some of the many young men now next week. This two-part program was a people who seem to be saying in so in the big metropolis of Taipei, most­ prompted by the fact that a church many ways, "We can do it ourselves." ly working in factories, driving trucks , building won the prestigious "Bes t The whole matter of Africanization is or otherwise making their way in a Building of the Year" award a few moving along- sometimes too fast for world far removed from the rural weeks ago. the Europeans and others from the simplicity in which they had grown Robert L. and Esther Mcintire West who are still in Kenya in large up. ( Dr. Mcintire and his wife, fraternal numbers-but when is a nation or a Ted and Betty Cole workers, serve as communication con­ people "ready," as we say, to go it (The Coles are United Methodist mis­ sultants throughout the English-speak­ alone? It seems to me my beloved sionaries. Dr. Cole is on the fa culty of ing Caribbean.) USA is making a powerful number of Tainan Theological College, Taiwan.)

[639] 43 fl (WINDOW ON THE UN) i

Amid criticisms, moans of despair, estimate puts the value of the ore and deadlocks in its political debates, body at about $5,600 million at cur­ the United Nations continues its quiet rent metals prices in New York. work of uplifting standards of living In the Sabah Valley of Malaysia: a in much of the developing world. copper deposit estimated at 80-90 mil­ At this time of year, when thought lion tons. Production is slated to start turns to the holy event that took place in 1972. nearly 2,000 years ago in Bethlehem, In Mexico : a copper ore body esti­ it's not inappropriate to consider the mated at 600 million tons. The de­ record of UN good works aimed at posit's value has been estimated at forwarding the "peace on earth, good over $5,000 million. will toward men," prophesied at Jesus' UNDP-assisted mineral and ground­ birth. water survey in Togo unearthed a These good works are going on in limestone deposit which will support a many countries, in many areas-hous­ comparatively large cement plant. A ing, mother and child care, education, marble deposit also turned up and farming, job training, development of about $6 million has been invested in natural resources, crime prevention, a marble factory. It produces for ex­ communications. For instance: port. The cement plant will also pro­ duce mainly for export. Discoveries There are other exciting UNDP-as­ The first decade ( 1960-70) of min­ sisted discoveries: a bauxite deposit erals exploration by the UN Develop­ of an estimated 100 million tons and ment Program (UNDP) has yielded worth an estimated $258 million on ore deposits worth at least $11,125 Rennell Island of the British Solomon million. And this represents only a Islands Protectorate; the Boqueron "handful" of completed projects in Chanar iron ore deposit, worth an esti­ Africa, Asia, Latin America, and mated $582 million, in Chile. Discov­ Oceania. eries of lead, zinc, copper, manganese, (Ob and marble in Burma, Tunisia, Upper Volta, Chile, and Togo are estimated ~ to have a total value of about $680 million. (Estimates are based on cur­ rent consumption and market values.) Minera projects produce more than minerals-and millions. They call for establishment of national geological Communications Last spring an agreement signed in services and training both of nationals Bangkok paved the way for an Asian in developing countries and of inter­ telecommunication network. A five­ national teams of experts. man team from the International Tele­ They require legal expertise to draft communication Union (ITU) will mining laws and negotiate investment arrangements. They create growing conduct a survey in 12 countries: Af­ ghanistan, Cambodia, India, Indo­ geological data that will lead to fur­ nesia, Iran, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, ther exploration and development Pakistan, Singapore, Thailand, and the projects. Republic of Vietnam. Governments Said one expert: "Seemingly minor will provide the equivalent of $102,184 blips on geophysical profiles can take WITHOUT in cash or kind, and the UNDP has on new significance. Each new find earmarked $538,200 for the two-year which broa~ens geolog!;,al knowledge project. The ITU team of experts will tends to pomt to others. Sou ND And this first decade's discoveries aren't expected to come to full fruition for another decade or more. i k>)h)oo5JJ)J The UN has underway about 70 JJ 0F mineral development projects in de- the 12 countries. They may come up has turned ~;~~i~~r~~~~~~e~j~~pp er with a regional network that will fit In Iran: an estimated 300 million into ITU's plan to interconnect all tele­ TRu MP ETS tons of copper ore. One UN expert's phone systems in the world. U Nyun,

44 [640] executive secretary of The Economic UNESCO. It was one of the major re­ forced by practical measures, should Commission for Asia and the Far East ports considered by the UN Commis­ be adopted . ... ( ECAFE) sees two benefits from the sion for Social Development at its "The use of television as a means project: increased inter-regional trade 21st session. of education should be given a greater and tourism and social and cultural A few pertinent statements, from emphasis in developing countries. Ed­ contacts through television and radio. the report show the UN's concern for ucation of parents in the problems of children's welfare. child development by means of Housing "To ensure maximum benefit for maternal and child health, commu­ The Center for Housing, Building children, it is necessary to reappraise nity centers, radio and television could and Planning of the United Nations the social situation of children as it serve a positive and useful purpose in Department of Economic and Social relates to crucial areas of their life, to the socialization of the child . .. . "Most Affairs has on its agenda several proj­ redefine the goals for them within the of the two thirds of the children in the ects fo r easing the global housing context of changing economic and so­ developing countries are estimated to crisis. It's on a search for capital and cial conditions and to set realistic be malnourished; and in some de­ resources for housing and urban de­ targets to be achieved in terms of na­ veloped countries, there are also velopment. Regional h ousing fin ance tional development plans and pro­ pockets of malnourished and under­ task forces are now at work in Africa grams . .. . nourished children . ... The problem "The experience of the developed of nutrition concerns food production countries indicates that when general and distribution as well as per capita economic and social conditions have income. There is need to balance the begun to improve and when it be­ food supply between countries

...._____ -=- ._ __ ...... ~ !( comes apparent that numerous chil­ through the redistribution of food sur­ - dren may impair rather than protect pluses especially of rich countries to and- Asia, and the center is giving seri- the welfare of the family, there has help needy ones . .. . There is also ous consideration to the idea of an In­ been a general change of attitude to­ need for governments to ensure a more ternational Housing Finance Corpora­ ward family size. Recent studies in­ equitable distribution of food within tion. Such a corporation would help dicate the same change of attitude each country so as to eliminate pockets countries to set up institutions for among some developing countries dif­ or segments of malnutrition ... . Food housing fin ance. fering in cultural and religious tradi­ must be properly distributed within Housing Section Chief Eric Carlson tions .... households and families to ensure that told the UN Seminar on the Improve­ children receive an adequate share ment of Slums and Uncontrolled Set­ necessary for healthy growth and de­ tlements: velopment. .. . ."A growing new pattern of assis­ "The nutritional problem should be tance is being offe red by [nongovern­ included in the objectives for the Sec­ mental] organizations and agencies fo r ond Development Decade ...." the promotion and improvement of According to the UN Commission dwelling conditions, at both national for Social Development, the problem and international levels. This is par­ of insufficient, inadequate food- a ticularly significant because with the problem responsible, among other severe pressures on public resources "The United Nations is committed things, for the "grossly retarded physi­ in many countries, it is evident that to assist governments desiring help in cal growth" of more than 300 million the commitments of the private sector fa mily planning programs. Family children-must be tackled at the fam­ and nongovernmental efforts are planning programs can probably ac­ ily level. The commission sees the urgent. . .. Well organized commu­ celerate this decline in birth rate family as both a cause and a mirror of nity development programs can pro­ through the dissemination of informa­ the community's attitude toward food vide a unifying and coordinating focus tion and equipment. ... production, use, and consumption. for such efforts, in which many can "The United Nations should make a Interestingly, UNDP's first global participate." special study of the physical and so­ pre-investment project is one to help cial plight of children resulting from the peoples of the developing coun­ Children internal or external warfare. In Viet­ tries to improve the protein content This year the UN published a study name, one report claims that 60 per­ and nutritional quality of their daily called "Trends in the Social Situation cent of the civilian casualities are chil­ diets. UNDP Administrator Paul G. of Children." It was prepared by the dren .. . . Hoffman calls it a "double break­ UN Social Development Division in "The sectors in the developing coun­ through. It is the first project we have cooperation with the Food and Agri­ tries which are the largest employers assisted whose implications are literal­ culture Organization ( FAO ), the In­ of children- agriculture and domestic ly world-wide in scope [and] the first ternational Labor Organization service- are generally beyond the involving the application of revolu­ ( ILO ), the World Health Organiza­ scope of child labor legislation . . . tionary new technologies to one of the tion (WHO ), UNICEF, and legislation to protect the child, rein- earth's fundamental problems." •

[641) 45 His assessment of the fu ture is nat­ confronts a serious and puzzling social urally more tentative, but can bes t be problem today, he will not get any quick summed up in this statement: "It may and capsule solution by turning to the well be that we are just on the edge of Bible, sugges ts the author of this volume. one of those great epochs in which in un­ But, he adds, while passages and verses expected ways God releases fo rces for may or may not be relevant, the entire the renewal of his Church and sends it Bible- with which one must be familiar out on new and untried ways." in its broadest scope-is a source of in­ Bishop Neill is not the mos t avant­ spiration and guidance for persons seek­ garde writer on missions. Some of the ing religious and ethical enlightenment slots he finds miss ionaries at work in the on questions of public concern. fu ture, such as in schools in Africa where What particular portions of the Bible CALL TO MISSION, by Stephen Neill. nationals may not want to teach, are not might be relevant to social issues today, Philadephia, 1970: Fortress Press, 113 exactly on the cutting edge. And he is he asks. And his answer: "Certainly the pages, $3.95. slightly skeptical of the "mission on six prophets, especially Amos, Jeremiah, and This slim book by a famous authority continents" theme, which emphasizes mis­ Isaiah. The synoptic gospels of Matthew, on missions and ecumenics who is a sion in so-called Christian countries as Mark, and Luke would have to be in­ former bishop of the Church of South well as in non-Christian countries. Basic­ cluded. Nor could the socially concerned India is an attempt to answer for the lay­ ally, Neill still thinks of missions in terms reader overlook such letters of Paul as man five basic questions about missions: of one of his previous books: Th e Chris­ Romans, 1 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephe­ why mission s? what did the missionaries tian Fa ith and Other Faiths. But his book sians, and Philippians. James and 1 Peter do wrong? what did they do ri ght? where is balanced and it does end in a ringing provide special insights. Then one would do we go from here? what kind of person call to mission : need to read Acts to see how Paul and will be the missionary of the future? "The old word of Scripture still stands the apostles applied their values in con­ Professor Neill, who came out of re­ .. . 'Do whatever he tells you.' " crete situations ... ." tirement to head the religion department C.E.B. Dr. Corbett points out certain theo­ at University College, Nairobi, Kenya, logical concepts from the Bible that may mentions the usual arguments against LEARNING TO LIVE FROM THE be especially valuable in contemplating missions, such as the question of export­ ACTS, by Eugenia Price. Philadelphia, social issues-concepts that appear again ing cultural baggage or imposin g one's 1970: J. B. Lippincott Co., 100 pages, and again through the various books: "I culture on others, or trying to change an­ $3.95. am God, and there is no other"; "We other's religion, and he recognizes that In Leaming to Live from th e Acts, must obey God rather than men," etc. these arguments are formidable. He also Miss Price continues a simple and unique "Even if one approaches the Scriptures shows that some of the counter-argu­ study of deeper and personal meanings with a broad outline of Christian the­ ments, such as "missions are good for of the faith whkh have characterized ology and ethics," says the author, "still trade," are worse than no argument at much of her earlier writings , including he has a problem. If he is looking for so­ all . Finally, he comes down to the ques­ Learning to Live fr om the Gospels, The cial values, he must have some kind of tion of truth, which overrides that of bad Burden Is Light, Early Will I Seek Thee, meaningful system within which he cart tactics. "If we have in the past given What Is God Like?, Make Love Your operate. Four basic factors are involved badly," he says, "that means that we must Aim, and others equally helpful. Her in making ethical decisions : goals, inten­ learn to give better; it does not mean "style" in this new volume is to take a tions, means, and consequences." that we should not give at all ." And in the verse or phrase (from Acts), explain it in From this introduction, Dr. Corbett process we shall receive far more than we the setting in which it was sa id or en­ goes on to look at some of the significant give. acted and in which it was later written, subjects of the day from this Christian As for the mistakes of missionaries, and then apply the writing to like situa­ perspective, broad biblical understanding there were the inevitable imposition of tions in whi ch men find themselves today. of principles, and the four factors in mak­ Western culture and the hyper-con cern "Even in our technogi cal era," writes ing ethical decisions. These considera­ about sexual irregularities among the Miss Price, "there is no way to cope with tions include : the ways of dealing with natives. The most grievous sin was the the contents of the book called the Acts the use and users of marijuana; the toler­ way the Westerner "came to exercise fi ­ of the Apostles if the reader rejects the ation (or rejection ) of objectors to all nancial dominance over his less devel­ fa ct that there is a living, energetically wars or to "selective" particular wars; the oped brother." Interestingly, Neill says active Holy Spirit. The men and women ques tion of the control of firearms among that the early nineteenth century mission­ written about in this lively New Testa­ American civilians; government welfare aries were almost entirely "con ventional ment book simply could not have acted procedures to provide a "financial floor" people" and few had university educa­ as they did on their own. Something hap­ under the poor; what shall we do about tions. This is not by way of excuse for the pened to them on the Day of Pentecost the war in Vietnam-and other wars that mistakes but of partial explanation. that turned them and their world upside may spring from or after this conflict; the On the other side of the ledger, how­ down by pragmati c standards.... " priorities of domestic needs vs. arms ex­ ever, the missionaries were often the first We agree with Miss Price that there is penditures. Dr. Corbett makes no "final Wes tern ers to do thorough eth nology and little or no theological doctrine in the answers" to these and other questions of anthropology, as it mi ght have been Acts, but that a reading, and study, and the day, but he does lead us in a fr esh kn own, because they needed to know applica tion of its pages will give us much and theologically-biblically-based con­ something about the people with whom help in li vin g our lives as God would sideration of these problems-a needed they worked. Neill briefl y catalogues the have them li ved. And Miss Price's volume and welcome methodology for the con­ humanitarian institutions and th e impor­ will aid us in searchin g out these helps. sideration of social, ethical, moral, and tance of the Church and educa tion. This W.W. R. political issues. is not a defen sive list, but an important The author is director of church-gov­ and respectful reminder of pas t accom­ CHRISTIANS AWAKE, by J. Elliott ernment relations in the United Method­ plishments. In short, Bishop Neill's as­ Corbett. New York, 1970: Harper and ist Church's Boa rd of Christian Social sessment of the missionary past is neither Row, 130 pages, $2.95. Concerns. overly romantic nor overly cri tical. When a modem Christian churchman W. W . R.

46 [642] Tile 1\\en•i11t1 l~inuer \\'rites 00000000000 ~ 000

RNS Photo WANT TO BECOME PRIESTS These three women have a common goal-they would like to become priests in the Episcopal Church. Suzanne Hiatt, a suburban missioner of the Diocese of Pennsylvania; Carol Anderson, a chaplain at Massa­ chusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Betty Schie;;s, completing her theological training in Rochester, N .Y . (left to right), sought to have the ordination rules changed at the Church's 63rd triennial convention in Houston. All three claim substantial professional preparation toward ordination, which the Episcopal Church currently denies women.

WOMEN'S LIB IN CHURCHES the U.S. to ordain women. Others are the her, and the Roman Catholic Church. In vot­ SCORES A FEW VICTORIES United Presbyterian Church, the United ing against the ordination of women as The growing women's liberation move­ Methodist Church, the United Church of priests and bishops, the Episcopalian dele­ ment in the churches scored a few clear vic­ Christ, the Disciples of Christ, the American gates argued that ordination of women tories recently, but it had to settle for Baptist Convention, and the Lutheran would be an obstacle to union with the meager gains in other cases. Church in America, which last July voted to Roman Church. An important win came when the 2.6- ordain women. Episcopalian women did make some gains million-member American Lutheran Church, Principal opposition to the ordination of at Houston, however. For the first time, meeting in San Antonio, approved the ordi­ women comes from the Episcopal Church, women were seated as delegates to the as­ nation of women to the ministry. The ALC which narrowly defeated a motion to ordain sembly, and deaconesses were granted the became the seventh major denomination in women at its assembly in Houston in Octo- rights to undertake all the activities of male [643] 47 deacons, including distribution of Holy Democracy Party in nearby Bangkok, Thai­ TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN Communion and administration of sacra­ land, where he went underground in Octo­ TAKES ISLAMIC POST ments to the sick. ber in order to direct a campaign against Former Malaysian Prime Minis ter Tunku Mrs. Phyllis Edwards, an Episcopalian the Ne Win government. (Prince) Abdul Rahman has moved from who has claimed since 1965 to bear all the Reports from both Bunna and Thai the world of politics to religion as he joins rights of a deacon, won her battle with the border areas where the non-communist rebel the top echelons of Islam. vote to ordain women as deacons. The late groups operate indicate that Burma could Appointed secretary general on an acting Bishop James A. Pike had tried to make her be in for a protracted civil war. basis of the Islamic Secretariat, which will the church's first deacon but members of the While General Ne Win's Burmese Social­ hold a general conference in Karachi, Paki­ church refused to recognize her status as a ism Program Party has allowed religious stan in December, the Tunku steps into a deacon. Mrs. Edwards immediately an­ practices, it has discouraged proselytizing critical position at a time of turmoil in much nounced that she would continue to fight activities, especially on the part of foreign of the Muslim world, which includes more for equality at all levels in the church. She missionaries. Most Catholic nuns and priests, than 500 million Muslims. has already told her bishop she is a candi­ and Protestant ministers, have either been While a revitalized world Islamic move­ date for the priesthood. expelled or forced out by closure of their ment offers challenges to Christian evan­ In the Roman Catholic Church, steps to­ schools and hospitals. gelism, the elevation of such a sage and re­ ward equality were more tentative. About General Ne Win himself, like many other spected figure to the international scene 3,000 delegates to a convention of the Na­ prominent Burmese, was educated in a brings hope of greater understanding be­ tional Council of Catholic Women, meeting Methodist mission school in Rangoon, but tween two of the world's greatest religious in Minneapolis in October, urged full equal­ has been firm in his attitudes against all reli­ communities. ity fo r Catholic women in all liturgical fun c­ gious groups. The Buddhist religious order, Meanwhile, in the Malaysian state of tions up to-but not including- the or­ once a volatile force, has been reduced to Sarawak, on the island of Borneo, tightening dained priesthood. the role of a spectator as its influence upon of visa and immigration regulations for Earlier the 1,800-member National Coali­ the youth and secular education became Christian missionaries is becoming more of tion of American Nuns had recommended eroded by a new sys tem of education based a problem for Christian workers assigned to "ordination for any qualified woman who so on "socialist" thought. Malaysia. desires." The coalition said in a statement: Nonetheless, the Burmese church under Several missionaries have had to leave "There is no theological, sociological or stress has found it has been able to bloom Sarawak because their visa periods have biological reason for denying ordination to more vigorously. When the missionaries been reduced, according to Chandu Ray in women." were gradually expelled, many forecasts of Singapore. Taking note of the shortage of priests, gloom were made regarding the ability of Increasing pressure is being brought to the sisters asked: "Is there wisdom in speak­ the church to carry on . bear on tribal groups, who are being shown ing of a vocation shortage while denying Reports from visitors passing through that their Christian belief is incompatible equality to half of the church's member­ Rangoon indicate that local congregations, with citizenship in Malaysia, because a citi­ ship?" though deprived of foreign missionary per­ zen must be a Muslim. And in New Orleans, the professional or­ sonnel, are large, fi lling the churches, even Additional restrictions, perhaps influenced ganization of Roman Catholic canon lawyers as there is a need for more evangelism and by the political climate, are tightening con­ charged that church practices discriminated personal ministries. trols over public meetings and the propaga­ against the "dignity and inalienable rights" One observer said he found a "tremen­ tion of Christian doctrine. of women and called for various remedies in dous hunger for Cod's Word and for fel­ Many Chris tians are Chinese, and Chinese the legal code. Earlier Clara Maria Henning, lowship with outside Christians" in the rebel groups are operating in Sarawak. a lay woman who is the church's only wom­ church in Burma. The port city of Sibu recently placed the an canon lawyer and was a member of the Former Prime Minister U Nu, generally entire Chinese community under 24-hour marriage tribunal of the Archdiocese of De­ conceded to be a man of peace, is cast in an curfew, following Chinese rebel attacks on troit un til she resigned following a dispute, unlikely role as a revolutionary, but if he a police station where terrorists were being argued that church women were not allowed does succeed in regaining power in Rangoon, held. Such restrictions invariably affect the to exercise their "charismas" and that the the indications are that the foreign mission­ ability of Christian congregations to gather celibacy requirement of priests was inherent­ aries will be permitted to return to that for worship. ly antifeminist. country. In the neighboring Borneo island state of For the moment the last word came from Whether or not it will be a beneficial Brunei, an independent Muslim state which the Vatican, which has marshalled tradition force for a church that has learned to stand rejected being a part of Malaysia, a tradi­ and history in its defense of the status quo. without major outside support is the remain­ tionalist religious regime is in power. In its official newspaper, l'Osservatore ing question, and one that only the passage According to the Brunei Bulletin, an Romano, the Vatican stated recently: "Christ of events will answer. English-language newspaper, the Muslim re­ did not call on women to serve. He did not LANCE R . WOODRUFF ligious courts continue to invade private let women share the message He had re­ Special to new/ WORLD OUTLOOK homes without warrant, searching for birth ceived from his Father. This is a fact and all we can do is recognize it."

CHURCH AND STATE ARE YOU LOOKING FOR RESOURCES CONFLICT IN BURMA Burma under the military rule of General FOR EXPERIMENT AL WORSHIP? Ne Win, who gained power by staging a Now one 72-page catalogue lists everything from patterns for banners to new coup d'etat against Prime Minister U Nu in 1962, has consistently restricted the ac­ songs for worship, from fo lk and peace albums to electronic music, from "whole tivities of religious groups ranging from the earth flags" to Missa L uba. Over 250 item s. Tells you exactly wh ere to get what Buddhist faith that most Burmese share to Christian missionaries. for creative groups. The specter of civil war is rising in Burma The catalogue costs $1.00. Write to The New Music and Arts Exchange, 152 as U Nu, Buddhist scholar of note, recently formed a union of anti-government rebel West 66th Street. New York. NY, 10023 forces in Burma with his own Parli amentary 48 [ 644] control literature or contraceptives (as proof Mr. Herthneck said he acted on behalf of prostitution ) or fo r literature considered of several Presbyterian acquaintances who to be subversive to Islam. wished that the Presbytery mi ght be made Manypeoele Exactly to what extent Christian litera­ more sensitive to social injustice. ture is affected is as yet uncertain, but the Richard A. Sprague, first ass istant district see the 70 s as news is not too encouraging at this point, ac­ attorney, said here th at a Presbytery reques t cording to an observer. to drop charges against BEDC members The worldwide Islamic Secretariat, mean­ would not by itself end the case. a decade of while, is still a nascent organization. As it "We would initiate a review of the mat­ takes shape and adds authority and some un­ ter if they made such a request," he said, chaotic change. iformity to the various Muslim sects, per­ "and it could be yes or no." Members of the In reality it's a time of haps the Islamic world will reevaluate its Presbytery who were opposed to dropping position toward Christian missionaries in charges plan to introduce a motion to re­ belonging ... for a new general and be more permissive in allowing consider the lates t decision. type of Christian. missionary activity. (RNS ) • ••••••••••••••••••••••• LA CE R. WOODRUFF • Sweeping across denominational lines, an • • expanded vision of the Church and Its • Special to new/ WORLD OUTLOOK AUSTRALIAN EVANGELIST • ministry Is causing Christians to Join • CONDEMNS DRAFT, VIETNAM hands, to enter Into new and vital fel­ lowships. What Is the nature of t his nr.w PRESBYTERY DROPS CHARGES Dr. Alan Walker, newly installed presi­ Church? Read THE EMERGING CHURCH. AGAINST 11 BEDC MEMBERS dent of the Methodist Church in New South 91L Reversing the position it took in Septem­ Wales, declared that conscription and the name ber, the Presbytery of Philadephia has voted Vietnam war were "the two great dividers" addres s to ask that criminal charges against 11 in Australia. Black Economic Development Conference On his installation he called for repeal of city state zi p (BEDC) members be dropped. the National Service Act and the withdrawal Send me The Presbytery at first decided not to re­ of Australian troops from Vietnam. He also copies at $3.95 each (in- consider last month's refusal to drop charges. urged the government to give young people eluding sales tax A sit-in by some 30 demonstrators , however, a greater share in "decision-making." • if applicable) persuaded the group to change its mind. oting that youth is "more angry and • $ The vote to drop charges was approved in alienated" than at any other time in history, • enclosed • 0 Bill my a close vote, 136 to 129. Dr. Walker emphasized that Australia was • account Six adult members of the Philadephia "a dangerously divided society, threatened • BEDC-<>ne of the more active chapters in by an outbreak of violence." • Orde r from your • • local book store the nation-were arrested and charged with That is why "responsible leadership" • or from forcibly entering the offices of the Presby­ should be acting now "to halt the movement • UlHJ txxiteem­ Dr. Madsen observed that people who ing slums to organize to improve their liv­ CHURCHMEN DIVIDED ON want to engage in license will do so any­ ing conditions; participating in an industrial " PORNOCRAPHY" REPORT way, regardless of law. Rabbi Segal felt mission program in Inchon, Korea. Opinions of U.S. churchmen seem di­ that "over exposure is the best way to put World hunger, which seeks to "identify vided in their assessment of the recommen­ brakes naturally on something." He said the dimensions and root causes of worldwide dations of Federal Commission on Obscenity overperrnissiveness "carries the seeds of its hunger and to fiud approaches by which the and Pornography-with differences cutting own undoing." (RNS ) churches can combat it"-Preparing an across denominational lines. agricultural training course in selected For example, Michigan United Methodist JEWS IN RUSSIA APPEAL Sierra Leone elementary schools; providing Bishop Dwight E. Loder labeled pornog­ TO PRESIDENT FOR HELP advanced studies in veterinary medicine and raphy "poison" for the mind and de­ Six Soviet Jews have appealed to Presi­ tropical argriculture for two Congolese nounced the commission which advocated dent Nixon for help in a letter brought to laymen; starting an agricultural mechanics relaxing obscenity laws. But a group of 25 the U.S. by an American tourist. section at the United Methodist Technical professors representing United Methodist The letter-written in English, Russian Institute, Baroda, India; helping to start a seminaries did not seriously challenge the and Hebrew-has been forwarded to the farmers' credit cooperative in Guadalajara, commission findings. White House by Semour Graubard, na­ Mexico; developing an ecumenical housing Many Roman Catholic weeklies have tional chairman of the Anti-Defamation and agricultural project in poverty-ridden voiced strong opposition to the majority re­ League, B'nai B'rith. He said this was be­ Northeast Brazil. port which called for the legalization of lieved to be the first time Soviet Jews have Peace efforts- Cooperating with United pornographic materials for "consenting appealed to the President. Methodists in the Philippines in sponsoring adults." "In the name of decency, in the name of three Peace and Non-Violence Seminars in "Taxpayers will pay $2 million for this freedom, in the name of the One in whom March; helping to fund the first World Con­ officious study of pornography," stated The you and many of us trust, we are asking for ference on Religion and Peace in Kyoto, Evangelist, newsweekly of the Diocese of help," the letter declared. The appeal de­ Japan, in October; facilitating a mailing to Albany, N.Y. "The commission may have scribed the efforts of the group to emigrate U.S. Congressmen about civil rights in scrutinized books and pictures, but couldn't from Russia to Israel. Brazil; enabling missionaries on furlough to have studied human nature." In an accompanying letter, Mr. Graubard participate in the Emergency Religious Con­ One of the strongest clergy voices sup­ asked for Mr. Nixon's "public recognition vocation to End the War in Southeast Asia porting the commission report was that of of their plight." held in Washington, D.C., in May. G. William Jones, a member of the commis­ Such recognition, he said, "would be of Training of laity, which is focused around sion ;md a United Methodist minister who invaluable aid not only to these six persons what the report calls "the church's task to­ is a professor at Southern Methodist Uni­ but to the thousands of others like them ward society" and equipping the laity "to versity in Dallas. who seek only their legal right as Russian make a contribution to the social and politi­ He told a meeting of United Methodist citizens to leave that country and join their cal development in their countries in light theological professors in Chicago that the loved ones, whether in the State of Israel, of the Christian faith"- Mobile lay-training commission report constituted a "milestone the United States or Canada." (RNS ) teams and ecumenical institutes with major in the history of communications." leadership from Africans, Asians and Latin "For the first time someone has thought CONTROVERSY CONTINUES OVER Americans; laymen's travel-study training jn seriously enough about the problem to seek ANTI-RACISM CRANTS OF W.C.C. urban ministry, agricultural development the truth about it," Mr. Jones, a media ex­ The World Council of Churches' alloca­ and community organization; participation pert said. "Now we need to stop chasing tion of funds to organizations fighting racism in funding a work-study project in criminal our unconscious scapegoats and seek to get in South Africa continues to draw both fires justice in Hong Kong. to the real roots of antisocial behavior." and defense. He charged that most of the commis­ A pro-government broadcast in Cape­ CATHOLICS OFFER SUPPORT sion's critics "apparently have tried to main­ town, South Africa has cited recent grants TO NEW LEFTIST LEADER tain their objectivity by not reading the by the W .C.C. to "terrorist" organizations The new leftist government of Gen. Juan report." as among the factors making it necessary for Jose Torres has been offered support by the As a group, the 25 professors represent­ the nation to reassess its situation. Roman Catholic Church in Bolivia. ing 14 United Methodist seminaries did not The list of national and international or­ In a pastoral letter issued here, Arch­ challenge the commission. They expressed ganizations prepared to support the use of bishop Jorge Manrique Hurtado of La Paz strong conviction of the need to have the force against South Africa is now ominously said the Church approved of moderate so­ church join with schools and families in long, said a current affairs brofldcast over cialism, "if Gen. Torres wanted to establish breaking the "conspiracy" of silence about the state-controlled South African Broad­ that." sex. casting Corporation. The archbishop made clear, however, that The conclusions of the report "are long Included in the list, it said, are Commu­ the Church was opposed to Marxist-style so­ overdue and welcome," according to Dr. nist countries, emergent states, European cialism. He proposed a socialism "based on Charles Morton, member of the Michigan Socialist parties, the United Nations, the the ideals of the Church." State Board of Education and pastor of the Organization of African Unity, the "Afro­ Meanwhile, in another development, Gen. Metropolitan National Baptist Church, a Asian bloc," and the British Commonwealth. Torres authorized the return of five clergy­ black congregation. He said morality is an Two recent additions to the list, it con­ men who were deported to Argentina in individual matter. tinued, are the World Council of Churches September by the regime of deposed Presi- The commission findings were deplored and the British Labor Party. 50 [646) cp1tobegg1oviaQg {p1t Jlvite1tfp1th ~eade1t gh1p Pioneering program for interfaith understanding in cooperation with la1ll1lic W1rlll Monthly. Since 1865 a leader in Catholic publishing. Winner, 1968, '69, '70, Catholic Press Assn . Award. Father John Sheerin, Editor. DIMENSIONS Quarterly. Judaism's teachings and traditions related to today's concerns. Miss Myrna Pollak, Editor.

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( 647) 51 9 The South African government ordered The executive committee of the All Af­ groups to alleviate suffering caused by the two Anglican priests to leave the country rica Conference of Churches (AACC ) has war. after they distributed a pamphlet comment­ unanimously endorsed the action of the The Presbyterian Church of Nigeria has ing on the decision of the W .C.C. to grant World Council of Churches. its founding relationships with the Presby­ fin ancial aid to guerrilla movements. "The committee welcomes the revolution terian Church of Canada and the Presby­ A letter of protest, signed by 101 An­ in thinking of donors in being prepared to terian Church of Scotland. glican priests, described the Vorster regime's trust people who are taking radical action Dr. Akanu Ibian, a former president of deportation order as a "gross injustice. The agains t racism," said a statement adopted at the World Council of Churches, is also in letter, which was signed by the Anglican a commi ttee meeting in Lome, Togo. Nigeria at present where he is serving as dean of Capetown and 100 other clergymen, The AACC executive committee noted Pres ident of the Nigerian Bible Society. insisted that neither Father Robert Mercer, that African Churches in the World Council Dr. Ibian was one of the founders of the a South African citizen, or Rev. Bernard were "fully involved" in the decisions taken society. -Hal Lee Chamberlain had done anything more than by the WCC general assembly at Uppsala "stimulate people, challenge their Christian in 1968 and the Council's central committee CHURCH IN EGYPT FACES presuppositions, and pose the kind of ques­ meeting at Canterbury in 1969 establishing AGONIES AND CHALLENGES tion that real Christians always found proper the current program to combat racism. "The Church of Jesus Christ in Egypt, no to ask. " "Churches and individual Christians in less than the nation itself, is beset by The United Congregational Church of Africa have already assisted victims of racial dangers and crises of near-paralyzing pro­ Southern Africa protested the government's discrimination," said the AACC statement. portions." But there is hope and "the United deportation of the two pries ts and challenged "The recent wee action to support organi­ Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. .. . has the Vors ter regime to give the reasons fo r zations representing oppressed racial groups much to bring to this partnership with its the deportation order to remove the sus­ and those supporting victims of racial in­ sister community in Egypt. It has also much picion that the clergymen were bein_g pun­ justice are therefore seen by this committee to learn from that sis ter church." ished because their views were not in accord as being in the spirit of the wee program These are the views of the Rev. Mr. with government policy. to combat racism." Willis A. McGill, COEMAR's Commission At its annual conference in Capetown, the In Perth, Australia, the General Assembly Representative in Egypt. U.C .C. also resolved by a vote of 225 to 3 to of the Presbyterian Church in western Aus­ Mr. McGill reports that "at a time when remain a member of the W .C.C. and con­ tralia expressed its support of the action of the political facts of life would argue the tinue its annual contributions. the World Council of Churches. absurdity of Americans being present in The multi-racial Church said it believed The general secretary of the West Aus­ Egypt at all, our missionaries are there .. . . "violence breeds violence and terror pro­ tralia Council of Churches, the Rev. L. G. not only being permitted to carry on their duces terror" and noted "with grave con­ Statham, said that the support of the Pres­ respective activi ties, but even on occasion, cern" the implications of the World Coun­ byterian Church in western Australia was enjoying the encouragement and good will cil's recent grants to organizations fi ghting the fi rst given by any Church in the area. of Egyptians in high places as well as low." racism, including some reportedly engaged He added that he believed it was the first Although the serious problems which in guerrilla warfare. . church support of the wee action in all exist throughout the Middle East today can­ It said, however, that it recognized the of Australia. not be minimized, Mr. McGill feels the situ­ wee was "responding to a serious racial Two organizations in Australia are among ation isn't hopeless. situation calling for responsible Christian ac­ the 19 recipients of the grants, totalling "The political stalemate, economic uncer­ tion." $200,000. They are The Federal Council tainty, the tide of emigration, the nonfulfill­ The desperate measures adopted by "lib­ for the Advancement of Aborigines and ment of rising expectations and the unre­ eration movements" are the products of a Torres Straight Islanders- $10,000; and the lieved pressure of an exploding population system denying men and women effective National Tribal Council-$15,000. - all of this and more constitute both an participation in the state, the Congregation­ But the Bantu Presbyterian Church of oppressive weight and a fertile incubator of alists said. South Africa has decided to withhold its problems and frustrations," Mr. McGill said. The WCC action was a judgment on the 1971 contribution to the wee pending dis­ The United Presbyterian Church co­ churches' ineffectiveness in seeking justice, cussions with Council offi cials on the recent operates in many of the special programs of freedom, and human dignity for all men, grants. the Coptic Evangelical Church in the Nile their resolution added. In its statement the Bantu Church said it Valley (es tablished in 1854 ) . There are at Delegates pledged themselves to work did not consider violence the way to ad­ present three COEMAR fraternal workers "by .~ i l means consistent with the Gospel" fo r vance the cause of the non-white people of affili ated with the church. justice, freedom, and racial reconciliation. Afri ca. The Coptic Evangelical Church has 180 The Congregational Church's decision to congregations with 26,818 communicant remain in the World Council and to continue UPDATING NIGERIA/ BIAFRA church members. It has 154 ordained min­ makin g contributions to it was in defi ance of The situation surrounding Nigeria .and isters. recent statements by Prime Minister B. J. the defeated breakaway Biafra has not been Vorster. He has urged that the nine South much in the front page news of late; but BOARD OF MISSIONS African Churches in the WCC withdraw and efforts at "rehabilitation, reconstruction and MEETS IN LOS ANGELES warn ed that fu nds collected in South Africa repopulation" are in progress. The United Methodist Board of Missions could not be used to support such programs The Rev. Agwu Oji, a delegate of the devoted the bulk of its annual meeting in as the Council's recent grants. Nigerian Presbyterian Church at the recent Los Angeles October 22-30 to efforts aimed World Alliance of Reformed Churches ' at finding new styles of communicating the meeting, reported the civil war in Nigeria Gospel in the complex of today's problems. Your Gift Reflec ts Your Taste : severely damaged the life and work of the The 145-member Board, largest agency Presbyterian Church in Nigeria. Give a GO OD Book ! ~ of the 10.8-million member United Meth­ ...... H Most church buildings were des troyed odist Church, sought to assess the effective­ .~.. ~.~.~ .. ~ .. ~ ..'!. . !!:.~ ...... durin g the figh tin g and mos t church workers ness of on-going programs and to devise on E te,.nal Values by Charles Haas have gone without pay during 1970. new ventures that can relate the Christian SECOND EDITION. Send $5.00 to Despite the mass ive problems, Mr. Oji fa ith to such issues as women's liberation, Fenelon, 1901 Euclid Avenue expressed optimism about the fu ture and re­ growing demands for self-determination by SAN MARINO, CA 91108 ported "the appreciation of the people of minority groups and development of peo­ Nigeria" for the efforts of various Christian ples both at home and abroad. 52 [648 ] The New York-based Board's task was made more difficult by the shortage of funds which nearly all church groups are cur­ rently experiencing. Although the Board voted total appropriations of $35,308,850 for 1971 (down $1,215,554 from 1970), ac­ tion on a number of specific requests above and beyond the regular budget was de­ ferred to a February meeting of the Board's executive committee. Included in the ap­ propriations were such items as $18,005,894 for support of almost 1,300 missionaries and multi-faceted mission work in 50 countries, and $8,885,664 for home mission and church extension work in the U.S., embrac­ ing such programs as urban ministries, new church development, ethnic ministries and rural economic development. Stephen F. Brimigion, associate treasurer of the Board, reported that while the Board's income in the first nine months of this year was down slightly from a com­ parable period last year, the trend seems to be upward. While conceding a "justified cause for concern" over income losses, Mr. Brimigion warned against too much pessi­ mism on the subject lest "a long face about falling income" should become a seU-fulfill­ ing prophecy. He urged Board members to find ways of communicating the need for funds to the church, expressing faith in "the David Perez, field marshal of the Young Lords Party, and his bodyguard, Marta Duarte, oft-repeated statement that 'when Method­ at an open hearing during the annual meeting of the United Methodist Board of Missions. ists know the needs, they will respond.' " Representatives of about ten special interest groups, ranging from church and commu­ A different approach to financial matters nity workers to Indian and Hispanic-American delegations, asked the Board of Missions for was taken by the Board in endorsing study funding-or additional monies-at its meeting in Los Angeles. The extra-budgetary re­ seminars on investments. Aim of the semi­ quests were deferred to a February meeting. nars, which will examine the social im­ plications of financial policies, is to find ways to use the Board's invested funds for con­ structiye social purposes as well as yielding income. At the meeting, the Board's Wom­ en's Division approved guidelines calling for investments to be made in accord with Christian ethical practices as well as sound economic practices. Wider involvement of church members across the country in concerns of the Board of Missions is the aim of a Board-approved program of conversations about mission. The plan would engage the Board's staff and its members-laymen and women, clergy and bishops-from every part of the nation in conversations with people from local churches around the subject of mis­ sions. The experience gained would then be used in discussion and direction-setting at Photo3 by T09e FuJ lhlra a spring planning meeting of the Board. A Board Special Committee on Involvement of Young People denounced what they termed A possible shift in the thrust of mission political and ideological repression and called for a review of Board investment policy in work was studied by the Board as it con­ its report. Th e 20-member committee includes (le~ to right, foreground) Jan Love, Ann sidered implications of a commitment to Aberty and Arvitis Jackson. working for development of emerging na­ tions and peoples. Involvement of churches -Protestant and Roman Catholic-in de­ strengthening of developing nations," Dr. velopment efforts has been gathering mo­ byterian church, addressed the United Methodist body. He said that while the Smith declared. mentum in recent years. The 1968 World church today must continue the traditional Another contemporary issue was raised Council of Churches Assembly urged all evangelistic effort of missionaries, the total by a Board committee on the involvement member denominations to earmark two per mission effort must be reoriented toward de­ of young people. The 19-member commit­ cent of their total annual income for de­ velopment objectives. "What is needed is tee, in which under-30 Board members velopment causes. not only the strengthening of Christian predominate, laid before the Board their The Rev. John Coventry Smith, a presi­ communities-though of course that is concern for the problem of political and dent of the World Council of Churches and needed too--but the encouragement of the ideological repression in the United States. head of world missions for the United Pres- Christian community to participate in the The committee presented a list of 23 ex- [ 649] 53 The Rev. Dr. Gerald H. Anderson (left) became the sixth president of Scarritt College in Nashville at inaugural ceremonies October 5. With Dr. Anderson are the Rev. Dr. Tra cey K. Jones, New Ym-k, general secretary of the United Methodist Board of Missions, and Mrs. Wayne W . Harrington, Omaha, Nebr., president of the Board of Mission's Women's Division. Scarritt College is th e only college owned and operated by the General Conference of the United Methodist Church and is primarUy a graduate school for preparing lay persons for work and service of the church. Dr. Anderson came to Scarritt a~er 10 years as a United Methodist missionary in the Philippines. amples of what they termed repression and $100,000 bail fund for victims of repression. lated by minority groups, that liberates not urged each Board member to examine his This was referred to the National and only the oppressed but the oppressor as own home community for the existence of Women's Divisions. Action was deferred well," he said. instances of repression. until February. On the question of liberation, the Wom­ Particular attention was focused on prob­ Board members heard major presenta­ en's Division, meeting before the full Board, lems raised by law enforcement in relation tions from two ethnic minorities within the took steps to give . moral and fin ancial sup­ to what the youth report termed "dissident United Methodist Church: the Hispanic port to church women's liberation. Sup­ elements of the community." The report American caucus and the American Indian ported were a variety of projects primarily asserted that repression in this realm was caucus. Both groups asked for more recogni­ relating to theological studies of women's so severe as to be "genocidal. " It cited as tion, for a greater voice in decision-making role in church and society. The Division examples: draft exemptions for middle class of the Board-particularly in matters con­ acted after hearing its chief executive, Miss whites which result in disproportionate cerning the ethnic groups, and for fu nding Theressa Hoover, say that while "it is the numbers of black and other minority youths of both religious and secular efforts. The bizarre, the strident aspects· ot women's lib­ being drafted; preventive detention prac­ Board deferred until February decisions on eration-the bra-burners and the manhaters tices; "police harassment of minority leaders funding of these groups as well as other spe­ - who usually get attention from male­ through repeated arrests for minor infrac­ cial, beyond-the-budget requests for money. dominated communications media, the tions, station house beatings, predawn raids, The Rev. Dr. Harry Gibson, Jr., New women's liberation movement is part of the excessive bail and alleged 'executions' "; York, an assistant general secretary of the mass ive strivin g toward authentic, self-de­ and fa ilure of law inforcement agencies to Board with responsibility fo r minority termination ." I will not let another person, move agains t vigilante groups. No formal groups concerns, told the Board that con­ or society, determ ine what it (the self ) Board action on the repression report was frontations it has had with a variety of shall be. I determine that-as Cod helps me requested. ethnic minorities were a hopeful sign. understand myself in relation to Him, He The committee on youth involvement "There is something about the gospel of who created me." had suggested that the Board establish a li b ~ ration , now being so forcefully articu- Board members heard a major report 54 ( 650 ) from the Rev. Isaac Bivens, assistant gen­ eral secretary of the World Division. Just returned from Africa, Mr. Bivens was critical of oppressive government regimes in south­ ern Africa and the fa ilure of the church to challenge such oppression. Black African Christians in these areas, he sa id, "have been tortured, murdered and held in deten­ tion for years. In some areas, they have not been permitted to h ~ve an annual confer­ ence since 1961, and for years they have not been permitted in some places to take offer­ ings in their churches because (political) officials thought this money would find its way to liberation forces ." Mr. Bivens reported that in Angola, United Methodist missionaries have not been allowed in the country since war broke out there nearly 10 years ago. He charged that during that time, "the tendency has been for us not to support our fellow Chris­ tians when we are not able to send mis­ sionaries into their country. This whole idea must be re-evaluated," he declared. In some African countries, outright racial discrimination is practiced by some white missionaries, asserted Mr. Bivens, who is the first black man to head United Methodist African work. While some missionaries have established genuinely Christian rela­ tionships and lived lives of great personal sacrifice, Mr. Bivens concluded that, on the whole, "the church had condoned by silence and som!ltimes by theological statement the political and physical violence which has been inflicted upon the African." NOTED In a major staff change, the Board re­ leased its chief home missions executive, ATHLETES the Rev. J. Edward Carothers, to accept the staff leadership of a new ecumenically based U:S.A. Task Force on "The Future of Man­ SPEAK kind in a World of Science-Based Tech­ nology." FOR CHRIST As it has at annual meetings for 30 years, IN THE PAGES OF THE UPPER ROOM the Board commissioned new missionaries "compassionate understanding is di­ for service at home and overseas. Two com­ rectly proportionate to good commu­ missioned for service in Botswana, Africa, nications."-Bart Starr, Quarterback, become part of the United Methodist mis­ Green Bay Packers sionary corps of 1,300 in some 30 countries, and two commissioned for U.S. service join " I would reach out for help, either by prayer or by a moment of silence . . .'' the ranks of some 2,000 home mission work­ - Joe Orduna, Football ers. Most missionaries are now commis­ sioned in local churches. Board president " ... their coach stepped forward ... and told the players they Bishop Lloyd C. Wicke led the "Service of had won the people to God.'' - Jack King , Baseball Celebration and Commissioning." " . . . (when) we learn how to be 'partners working together' with Church extension continues as a major one another and with God.'' - Larry Hanks , Coach aspect of the Board's work, as the National Division approved a shift in the role of its These famous athletes have found a personal relationship New Church Development unit from one with Christ . . . have made God a vital part of their daily lives. in which staff members start new congrega­ The January-February issue of The Upper Room shares medi­ tions to one in which they train and enable tations written by athletes. The above excerpts are from some other ministers in such work. The Division of them. said it hopes in this way to increase starting .For you, too, there is HELP from daily devotions in this unique of new churches. A 22-year veteran black issue. Order the January-February issue TODAY. Use the Spe­ executive in church extension, the Rev. cial Ten Plan, ten copies of one issue to your address for only Dennis R. Fletcher, called for continued $1.50. Keep one copy and give the remaining nine to your church extension efforts in ghettos and friends. Ten or more copies of one issue to one address, only among minority groups, saying that it is 15¢ each. Individual subscriptions $3.00 for three years, $1.50 an enabler of minorities in carrying out their for one year. Order from The Upper Room, 1908 Grand own ministries and a vehicle for self-de­ Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37203. termina tion. Countering those who want a church extension moratorium with the (651] 55 money "saved" put into minority economic as the Board has sought ways to empower -Young adults think about religion once development, he declared : "Jn my judg­ minorities, whether they are black or b rown, every 25 minutes; middle-aged people, once ment, this cannot be 'either/ or'; it is 'both/ in the USA, or in churches in Africa, Asia every 15 minutes; and old people, once and.'" and Latin America. And amid all, the note every 10 minutes. The survey also found that people think "The shift in national priorities from race of optimism and expectation wi thin the about dying rather frequently- young peo­ and human rights to pollution and ecology Board is a sign of the continuing, reconcil­ ple every 25 minutes and old people every makes more groups look to the Interreligious ing influence of Jesus Christ and the p1:omise 15 minutes. Foundation for Community Organization of His Kingdom in our contemporary world." (UMI ) Dr. Cameron says male thought turned for help," its director, the Rev. Lucius out to be more egocentric than female, with \Valker said. He described how funds from STUDY SAYS WE THINK MORE women spending more time thinking about the board had de,v eloped self-help projects religion and death. among blacks, whites, Hispanic Americans ABOUT RELIGION THAN SEX A psychologist in Louisville, Ky. says he Responses to the survey, he said, also and Indian Americans. has found that the average person thinks failed to substantiate the widely held be­ In a preview of the meeting for Board about religion at least twice as many times lief that "young people nowadays are think­ members-what could be considered an a day as he thinks about sex. Age has a lot ing more about world and social problems epilogue as well, Board general secretary to do with it, however. than their parents are." the Rev. Tracey K. Jones, Jr., said in an The psychologist also asked those sur­ Dr. Paul D . Cameron and his student Interim Report for 1970: "During the year, veyed how much time they spend thinking assistants from the University of Louisville there has been more than one painful crisis, about their pets and housework, and and at the same time, there has been great asked 3,416 people what they were thinking whether their mood was happy, sad, or exhilaration. The concerns have been per­ about during the preceding fi ve minutes. neutral during the preceding half-hour. sonal, as Board members, staff, missionaries The survey revealed, according to Dr. Middle-aged people appear to think and co-workers in 50 states and nations Cameron, that: about their pets as often as they think about have struggled for a deeper understanding -Young adults ( 18-25) think about sex sex, Dr. Cameron says, adding that this in­ of what it means to be a disciple of Jesus at least once in any 10-minute period; mid­ dicates a "phony, strange, inhuman, and Christ and to make His life known to all dle-aged people, at least every 35 minutes; time-consuming relationship" with house­ men. The concerns have also been social, and people over 65, once an hour. hold animals. Housewives, he said, seem to spend about 30 per cent of their time thinking about STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, MANACEMENT AND CIRCULATION housework, whereas the figure for working (Act of October 23, 1962; Section 4369, Title 39, United States Code ) women is only 10 per cent. 1. Date of filing: October 23, 1970 He found people happiest at the beach, 2. Title of publication: new/ WORLD OUTLOOK where he said he found no one thinking 3. Frequency of issue: Monthly about money, and he found women are more often happy at work than are men. 4. Location of known office of publication: 475 Riverside Drive, New York City, New York County, New York 10027 Dr. Cameron concedes that his survey probably has no immediate significance for 5. Location of the headquarters of general business offices of the publishers: 475 Riverside Drive, New York, New York 10027 science, but says he conducted it "just be­ cause it's interesting to know what people 6. Names and addresses of publisher, editor, and managing editor Publisher: Board of Missions of the United Methodist Church, in association with think about." the Commission on Ecumenical Mission and Relations of the United A native of Los Angeles, he joined the Presbyterian Church, USA. University of Louisville faculty last Sum­ 475 Riverside Drive, New York, New York 10027 mer. (RNS) Editor: Arthur J. Moore, Jr. Managing Editor: Charles E. Brewster TWO PRESBYTERIAN BODIES 475 Riverside Drive, New York, New York 10027 PLAN FOR SPRING MERCER 7. Owner: Board of Missions of the United Methodist Church "Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)" is the (A non-profit religious corporation) tentative name for a proposed merger of 475 Riverside Drive, New York, New York 10027 the nation's two largest Presbyterian de­ Stockholders: None nominations. 8. Bondholders, Mortgagees, and other Security Holders : None The suggested name was disclosed by a 9. The purpose, fun ction, and nonprofit status of this organization and the exempt status joint committee on reunion representing the for Federal income tax purposes have not changed during the preceding 12 months. United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. 10. Extent and nature of circulation: Average No. Copies Single Issue and the Presbyterian Church in the U.S. Each Issue During Nearest to (Southern) . Preceding 12 Months ·Filing Date Members of the committee reported that A. Total No. Copies Pritned (Net Press Run) 73,579 65,319 a plan of union will be submitted to the B. Paid Circulation General Assemblies of both Churches in the 1. Sales through dealers and carriers, Spring of 1971. Assemblies will be asked to street vendors and counter sales accept the draft for study and reaction by None None 2. Mail subscriptions 58,834 56,062 presbyteries (regional units) and congrega­ C. Total Paid Circulation 58,834 56,062 tions. D. Free Distribution (including samples) An initial vote on the merger is antici­ by Mail, Carrier, or Other Means 2,898 2,699 pated by Assemblies in 1972. If approved, E. Total Distribution (Sum of C and D ) 61 ,732 58,761 the plan would then go to presbyteries for F. Office Use, Left-over, Unaccounted, Spoiled action. Formal reunion could come in 1973. After Printing 11,847 6,558 G. Total (Sum of E and F-should epual The two denominations have been sepa­ net press run shown in A) 73,579 65,319 rated for more than 100 years, a split aris­ I certify that the statements made by me above are correct and complete ing partly from issues involved in the Civil {signed ) Charles E. Brewster, Managing Editor War. An attempt at union failed in 1954. 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INDEX TO new/WORLD OUTLOOK FOR 1970 New Series, Vol. XXX, No. 5-Vol. XXXI, No. 4; Whole Series, Vol. IX, Nos. 1-12 KEY: Contributors of articles in MALL CAPITALS: major subjects in L ARGE CAPITALS; titles of contributors in italics.

I. ARTICLES, SUBJECTS, CONTRIB UTORS B The, by ugustin Cuzzani, edited by Jorge Lara-Braud, 528 528 ABORTlO : B AKE R, \ ES LEY C .: 1\ ew Ph ase of Mission in th e U.S.A., China and Ot1 rselves, by Bruce Ou t of th e 1-lurt and Hope, U. S . Catholic Bishops Con· Douglass and Ross T errill , edited by Joe i\ liguez- denm Abortion, 317 236 B AR KAT, ANWAR M .: The 466 Bonino, 528 U. J\l ethodists Go 0 11 Record Chr is tian J\lanifesto, by Ern est Power Tactics of Jesus Christ Fa voring Legali;ed Abortion, Ch t1rches' Evangelistic Task in tlie W orld, 169 T . Cam pbell. 466 a11d Other Essays, The, by 317 Christian Realit y and Appea r­ Jay 1 laley, 5 ADV CE SPEC IAL Beck, Frank S., Dies, 102 I3el1zad-A Disciple and a ance. by John t\. i\ lackay, 57 Radical Suburb, The, by John PROJECTS: Christians Awake, by J. Elliott B. O rr and F. Patrick Nichel­ i\ las Communications Center, Sea rcher, 614 Corbett, 642 son, 41 2 T okyo, Japan, 2 Belfast's J\l adness, by Miriam i\ !. Reik, 608 Church Politics, by Kei th Radical Kingdom, The, by Publi hing Fund, Council on Rosema ry R. Reuther, 586 Literature and Publication, Bennett Collegr:, A V isit to, by Bridston. 250 Amy Lee, 630 Churches and C ru elt y Systems, Religion in Communist China, India, 152 The, by J. Edwa rd Carothers, by Richard C . Bush , 411 ,\ FRICA: B ERLI NER, R1c 11 ARO : Unrest in the Philippines, 394 2 51 Religious Inquiry, Some Ex­ Africans Seed a Church of Co ntempora ry P r o t est a n t plorations, by H en ry Nelson Their Own, by Ken Thomp· l3rnR1GAN, DAN IE L : Things Hoped Thought, by C. J. Clirti , Wieman, 6 son, 134 For, 565 Berriga11 , Fr. Philip, Begin s 198 Sacra ments, The, by Ernest J. Audio in Africa, 286 Emergin g Church, The, by Floating on Air in Africa, 248 Prison T erm, 316 Fiedler and R . Benjamin Lutheran Sees Africa as Center 13 1AFRA : Bruce Larson and Ralph Garri son, 57 for Christianit y, 366 Over 5 Million in Biafra Re­ Osbo rne, 586 Sal Si Puedes, by Peter Mat­ Agenda for the Future, An, by ceive Church Relief Aid, 49 Ex-Pastors, by Gerald J. Jud, thiessen, 250 Bibles Invade Czechoslovakia , 41 8 199 Same Sex, The, edited by Ralph E ugene Carson Blake, 9 Faith Under Fire, by D onald Alaska Native Fomard in Hope, BIBLE STUDY: \V. \Veltge, 145 '/'lie, by Frederick P. lcGin- Light to the Nations, by Lor­ B. Strobe, 41 2 Shape of th e Ch ristian Life, Fire and Blackstone, by John nis, 112 raine A. Rowland, 60 T he, by David C . Duncombe, Alge ria Orders Out T en i\Ieth­ B1u1 E1'1 ER, R onERT S. : Issues Fry, 198 57 odist lissionaries, 99 and T ensions in 1970, 344 God in an Age of Atheism, by Singing Church, The, by C. AL IA v : Cloallenge of th e Slums, Bishop Stops Funds to Church S. Paul Schilling, 144 Henry Phillips, 14 5 Permitting Homosexual Group, Gutter and tl1 e Ghetto, The, Songs of Sydney Carter, 58 70 by Don \ \lilkerson wi th ,\ M ERICA 1 I DIANS: 253 Soundings, by Robert A. Raines, C 11ltt1ral lleritage 0 11 \V lieels, Black, Donald, Will Head COE­ 1-l erm \ Veiskopf, 25 1 360 by t\my Lee, 31 MAR, 253 H ope in th e \Vorld, by \ Vesley Spring Wind, The, by G ladis /le Goes \ V here the Action Black Clwrch Honors Slain \V hite C . Baker. 308 D ePree, 467 ls11 't, by M a rio ri e Hye r. 31 Minister, 473 l ly11111 s of Frc111k Maso 11 N orth , Struggle for Integrity, by ·waiter "\Ve Hold the Rock," by Lloyd Black Conferences Remain in The, 36 1 L. Knight, 199 K. Wake, 215 United M et/1 odism, Seven, 42 1 I-l ynrns and Songs, a su pple­ Students without T eachers: The Anglican Sa ys WICC Neglects Bla c k Empowerment Goal, ment to The Methodist Crisis in the University, by Missio11 s, 255 Church Exect1tives Back, 4 3 H ymn Book, 361 Harold Taylor, 6 t\NTHONY, THO~IA S: Cuba: A 1ew Black Ivletl1odists List General I-l ymns: Tlie Story of Christian Studies in Philippine Church Church in a ew Society, 520 Conference Demands, 204 Song, by L. David Miller, I-J i.story, edited by Gerald 1-l. t\nti·\Var American s Try to See Black Power in the Ca ribbean, by 36 1 Anderson, 144 Mrs. Nixon in Peru , 420 John I-l oad, 522 Image and Impact, by \ \lilliam To Be Human Now, by D avid t\nti-\Var Convocation Now Black Presb)'te rians Back New F' . Fore, 308 0. W oodya rd, 144 Plans Peace Drive, 365 $17 l\lillion Prog ram , 258 Information \Var, The, by Dale Trial of the Cantonsville Nine. Apartheid Regime Opposed. Black U. M ethodist Pastor Named i\ lin or, 307 The, by Daniel Berrigan, 41 2 "Christian Standards" of, 36 to All-\V hite Clwrch, 413 Leamin g to Live, by \ \falter Values in an Age of Confronta­ APPALt\CI-l lA: BLAK E, EUGENE CARSON: An Russell Bowie, 467 tion, edited by Jeremiah \ \I. Jn a Poverty Pocket in AP· Age nda for the Future, 9 Learning to Live from the Acts, Canning, 360 palac/1ia, by Trudi Kli jn, 239 Blake Denies Charge W1CC Coun­ by Eugenia Price, 64 2 \V ild Tongues, by Franklin 1-1 . Archbishop on Guerrillas: D o 11 't cil ls " P ro-Arab," 48 Let Them Eat Promises, by Littell, 199 Co11done or Condemn, 593 BLOGKWIGK, ) ESSn!A 0 .: The Pill, N ick Kotz, 250 \Vind of the Spirit, The, by ARIA , MORTIMER : Manifesto to 67 /\laking All T hings 1-luman : A James S. Stewart, 58 the Bolivian Nation, 499 BO RD OF' M ISS IONS: Church in East Harlem, by W' orld as T eacher, The, by Art: Silent Victim in the Indo­ Backs Closing of Consulate, 252 M elvin E. Schoonover, 5 H arold Taylor, 6 China \Var, by Lance R. Meets in Los Angeles, 648 /\Ian, M edia , and the Message, B oRRAT, H ECTOR : T owards a \Voo druff, 4 39 BOLIV IA: by M errill R. t\bbey, 308 Latin American Protestantism, ASSEMBLY 1970: Beck, Frank S., Dies; Founded Medicine and Missions: A Sur­ 496 All Systems Are " Go" for Bolivian Hospital, l 02 ve)' of M edical Missions, BRAZIL : Houston Asse mbly, 257 Bolivian Methodists \Varn edited by Edward R . Dayton, Bra;ilian Bishops Denounce Sore Feet and Plastic Bags " Drift to l\lilitary Fascism," 57 Tortures, 364 Mark Two \Vomen's As­ 369 M embers of th e Class \Vill Getting th e \Vord Around, 298 semblies, 468 l\Ianifesto to the Bolivian a- Kee p Daily Jou rnals, by T obi Look at the Church in Brazil, AUDIO MATERIALS : tion, by M ortimer Arias, 499 Gillian Sanders and Joan A, by Ellen C lark, 35 Africa Sings, 309 New Direction Reported in Frances Bennet, 466 IPF and Schooling, by Charles l\Iusic of the Church in Brazil, Mission Involvement, 589 •e w English Bible, The, 307 and Helen C lay, 638 513 BOOKS: New Latins, The, by Georgie Methodists Face Conflicts and ew \Vorld Sound, 532 Build, Brother, Build, by Leon Anne Geyer, 528 Reform , 531 AU TRALIA: Sullivan, 5 l ew Songs for the Church, Music of Brazil, 513 Evangelist Condemns Draft, Call to Mission, by Steph en edited by Regi nald Barrett­ BREW TER, CHARLES E.: H ow Vietnam, 64 5 Neill , 642 Firm the Inter-R eligious Foun­ Captives of the \ :V ord , by Aye rs and Erik Routley, 58 Immigration Policy Questioned Nisei, the Quiet Americans, dation? 332 by Churchman, 471 Louis and Bess \ ;l/hite Coch ­ ..... Polarization and the Psalms, Presbyterians H it Involvement ran , 360 198 Our Claim 011 the Future, 558 in Vietnam War, 588 Center Fonvard Died at Dawn, lJ DEX .. Sel1li11a rw 11 s Int ern 1\broad. berger, 56 1 Sup/Joris Ei/1ical Obiectio 11 s V/orida Christia n [\/igrant l\linis­ SJ ommissio n 0 11 Unrest Cites \'io ­ for. no lr)', -1 35 13 ritisl1 Exchange 1Je<1 co 1iess Sen·es /e11 ce Crisis, 587 FORE, \ \'ILLIA1' I F.: T echnology's l/linois Pastorate. -I 72 COl\ IJllUN ICt\TIO 1: E Challenge to Freedom, 268 BROOK, RONALD : \ \litl1 th e Forest Audio in Africa. 286 Easter /\l ea ns Preedom, by F. FORKE R, \\' IL DE RT: Power and People in Camerou11. 35 3 Celling th e W1ord Around , 298 Roderick Dail , 11 0 th e PoH•eiless, 2 32 BRO\\'NE, l AL CO L~r \V .: /11dians Listen, 308 East Germa n l\let hodists Req11est Freed Catholic Bishop Harbors Pay the Price of So11t/1 Amen­ Some Prime Reso 11rces. 287 0ll'n Confe rence, 102 No Bittern ess, 474 can Progress, 516 Trip Berond, A, by I lilda Lee Ecumenical Ec11m edia , -1 06 Freedom of Expression S11pported BUR 1 : Dail, 29 4 ECUJl lEN ICAL RELATIONS: by Bishops, 4 2 C/111rch and Stale Conflict i11 \\le /-J aie 1\/anv Lang11ages, 280 New Phase of l\lission in the FREIRE, PAULO: Showing a l\1an Burma, 6-1-1 Commun it )' Centers /lave a New U.S.A ., A, W esley C . Baker, How to Name th e Wlorld 389 \I oice, by Am y Lee, -1 60 236 FR IEN D, RONN: l\lexico: A T eam c C01 GO : Edinburgh, Mea11while i11 , 362 in Teotlatzingo, 35 5 CAJllERO UN : Church of Si111 011 KimbStorm So Long," 4-11 Leftist Leader, 646 CRouc 11 , AR c 111 E R .: A Shoot Justice fo1 th e Farm \ \forker, Graham \'Fa ms Pro testa 11t s 011 Catholic Traditionalists 11 old Ro­ Out of Dry Ground, 189 429 De-emphasis of l\laT)', 366 man Demonstration, 41 8 CUBA : Jl lid-East Policy, 7 Crape Strike " Breakthrough" Ar­ Challenge of th e Slwns, bv Cuba : A ew Church in a New t asse r, Ga ma] bdel. 54 3 ranged by Ca tholic Clergy, 252 Almasy, 70 . Sociel)', by T homas Anthony, Need for Demons. T he, 377 Creek Orthodox Adopt Lit11rgical Chave=, Cesar. Union, l\la1 or 520 Niles. D . T. : Witness to Christ, Reforms, -11 8 Croll'ers Sign Pacts with, -1 20 Protesta nt Colonialism in th e 377 Guaranteed Annual Income En­ CHI NA : Spanish Caribbean , bv Alice Noble JI lo bile JI lissionary, The, dorsed b)' 1\1 issio11 Leader, 4 7-1 Cell Croup Church Lives in ] Jageman, 182 161 Red China, 206 Cu LIIA NE EuGENE AND GRACE Receiving th e Inca rnation. 60 1 H Committee Urges New China R1 sSETO : Repression and th e Relieve th e Oppressed. 32 5 I JAGEMAN, AucE: Protesta11t Co­ Policy, -11 6 Ch11rch . 488 Resistance in Rhodesia, 429 lonialism in the Spanish Carib­ l le11 T)' l\l rs . l ~ o b e rt T ., Die;: C11/tural l leri tage on W' hee/s, h v Sad Fate of Presid ential Com- bean, 182 Sen;ed as China 1\ Iissio na T)', Amy Lee. 31 missions, 111e, 54 3 I lagen. Bishop Odd, Dies. 15-1 102 CZECI IOSLOVAKIA: Spotlight on Chile, 481 l IAS llIM OTO, H mEo : Oki11awa : Christ-the l\foshroom? 367 Bibles Invade C=echos/ovakia. \ Vho Build th e Kingdom? I 09 Fr11Slratio11 and 1-I ope, 35 1 Christian Broadcasts Give /-lope -11 8 \Vhy Do \ V e I late Our Chil - llASS INC, PER : Rhodesia : A Vision to Victim of Tragedy. 422 dren? 325 Betra )'ed, 28 Christia11 Literature Fund . The EGYPT: D I le Goes \\!here the Action Isn't, Stof)' of the, by Betty Thomp­ Church i11 Eg)•pt Faces Ago nies by Marjori e Hye r, 31 son. 302 DA1L. F. RODER ICK: Easter [\/ eans and Challe11ges, 6-1 8 lle11 ry, l\lrs. Robert T ., Dies, I 02 Christian R evolutionaries, by Julio Freedom, 11 0 ELANDU, DOROT ll Y: Lord, Wl ho l leretica/ Stnictures in lnstit11tion­ de Santa nna . 50 1 Dail , I lilda Lee: A Trip Be)'On d, ls My Counterpart? 399 al Religion , by l lo"'ard R. Church Cente r for the U Ex- 29 -1 ET HIOPIA: Jl.l oody, 13 empted from Demolition. 48 Dark ide of the Sw1 shine State, ew Directio11 s Reported i11 I IOAD, JO II N: Black PoH'er i11 the Church i11 Our Image. !\, 176 by Elaine JI laga lis, 4 30 l\lission In volvement, 59 1 Caribbea11 , 522 Church of Sim on Kimba11 gu, The, DAwES, Cu.BERT JI .- St11dent EVANCELISJll : I IOJl lOSEXUALITY: 225 Protest, 51-1 Clwrches' Eva11~ e / is tic Task in Changing Picture, A, -1-1 9 Church Turns Ove r Prope rty for Deaconesses, a Problem of lllan ­ th e \Vorld , Th e, by ,\ nwar Radical Perspective. A, by Pa­ Use of the Co111111u11ity, 370 power, by Ellen Clark, 390 M . Barkat, 169 tricia Jl laxwell , 452 Church Union Plan ls Defea ted OEATI IS: 1,600 United J\l ethodists Ra//v Some Biblical a11d Ethical Con­ in Scotla11d, 200 1\ rcher, Bishop Ray mond L .. for Evangelism , 53-1 sideratio11s, -1 50 Church Union in Sout /1 Asia. 54 -l 422 E1·a11sto11 Age11cy to Probe Raid Some Signs of Change, -151 Churches' Eva11ge/istic Task i11 Beck, Frank S., 102 011 Church I-lo 11Sin g SOS. 48 llONC KONG : the \Vorld, by An\\'ar Jl l. Bar­ Hagen, Bishop Odd, 15-1 Exbelled Missionaries Retum to Christmastime, by Doris E. kat. 169 llenry, •!rs. Robert T., I 02 Their /-Jomes, 151 Cald 1Vel1, 638 Circ11/ation l\lanager. Name a llromadka, Joseph L., 99 l looPER, FLORENCE: l\1 y Soul ls Creatil'e New, 593 Kim , Helen . 20 1 F a Stran 11er, 602 CLARK ELLEN: Deaconesses. a Kita gawa , Daisuke, 255 Families of Ian, by Stanley J. Problem of l\la11power, 390 Laubach, Frank, 370 Rowland, Jr., 125 .. . To l\Iake Life One's Own. ... . Kan sas City \'\las a Good Jl loore, \ V. Harry. -1 9 FARJl l WORKERS: 1-1 3 Trip, 576 Jl lye rs, \\'alter Keith , 422 Dark Side of the Sunshi11e 1 lromadka Dies at 80, 99 .... Look at the Church in Sockman . Ral ph \ \' .. 530 State, by Elaine JI !aga lis, 4 30 I lromadka. Dr., Resig11 s from Bra zil , A. 35 Deserters, Clerg)'man Reports OIL Crape Strike " Breakth ro ugh" Peace Conference, 46 . .. . \"\!hat ext for Black De­ 11 /inistf)' to, 97 Arra nged by C<1tholic Clergy, llYER, Jl lARJOR 1E: J/e Goes velo pment, 78 Developme11t-the Latin Ameri­ 252 W' here the Actio11 ls11't, 31 .. .. Your Church a11d th e can View, by James E. Golf, It Takes a Long Time, by japan-Confro11tatio11 in t/1 e Third \'~lo rld , 74 483 Elaine Jl lagali , 220 Church, 1 7 Clergyman Reverses Church's Six­ Development-Planni11g for the laio r Crowers Sign Pacts with Yea r Membership Decline, 5 30 Second Decade, by my Lee, Cesar Chavez Union, 420 Clergy men B11y Finn's Stock to 584 Fifty l\lillion Fund Helps Proiects 11 DIA : Protest \Var Production, 4 22 Disciples' Agency Questions Cru­ throughout \Vorld, 202 Church United, A, I 1 Comenius. John Amos-A Proph­ sade, 150 flag Wlavers Pight A!Jain, 257 Getting the \Vord Around, 301 et for T oda y, by Vilem Schnee- Draft Exemption, High Co11rt Floating on Air in Africa, 248 '' Gospel Simplicity" Held Coal INDEX of lndian Jesuit s' Life St)•le, Laskey Scholarship I Awarded to th e \X' orld , by Paul o l" reire, 1\ I)' So ul ls a Strange r, by Flor­ 367 Airs. \V ayman , 48 388 ence I looper, 602 111dia fl eiects itizenship Bids L,\T l1 ,\ i\ IER IC \ : L11 ILE \\'OOD , )Oll N: Urban of Foreig11 /\lissionaries, 367 Autonomy Set for Th ree Latin Shan ty Town , 503 /11dian feth odists V ote for America n Churches, 148 Liturgy of Communication an d t ARCOT ICS: N ew "Ch urch of North Christian fl evo futi onaries, by Communion, A, 266 / 11t ern ational Drug Scene, The India," 42 Julio de an ta Anna , SO l Luc E, DoN : \ hen the Guns - An American Ex port? by Positive 'o te l leard on /\l ission Development- the Latin Amer­ / lal'e Stopped, 327 ,\ my Lee, 408 in Jndia , 1 54 ica11 View, by James E. Go ff, L11theran Delegates Adopt Policy Yout h fut Addict Sh ocks 1n ­ Split i11 ort/1 em India. 54 8 483 011 Sex J\l arriage, Famil y, -+ 22 quir )', 200 l 11dia11s POn , 4 59 Faith , A , 229 Light to th e Nations, by Lorraine ... T /1is Year in Jerusalem, 11 8 ard L. Dea ts, 398 t\. Rowland. 60 J\l oore, \XI . 1-l arT)'. Dies. 49 . Filipino Bishops Assail Govem­ L ment. 4 72 Laos Refugees, by D. E. Ronk . LITER,\CY TR/\lN I 1G : J\l unster's N ew Beat , by Scl11ff, 1 Getti11 g th e \X 'ord Aroun d, 300 436 Sh o11 ·ing a J\ Tan I-low to am e S53 4 !1 DEX U11rest in th e Pl1ilippines. by a11d tl1 e Perception of th e l loly, Thai Christian Condemns U.S. \V hy tlw V ietnamese Wi ant a Richard Berliner, 39 -f 176 Spending for M oon, 472 Cease-Fire, by Vo-Dinh, 60) Pill. The, by Jessma 0. Block­ .... Families of J\l a11 . 125 Tl1i11gs I-l oped For, by Daniel Vo-DrNH : \Vhy the V ietnamese wick, 67 . Wl eathering, A, 387 Berri ga n, 565 Wiant a Cease-Fire , 605 Poems of Protest, 506 ... . \"fl ho, \Vlwt. \V/liere, This Mon th, 3, 55, 107, 159, 211 , Polarization and t/1e Psalms, by I low and \ V/ hy of \'!/arid De­ 263 \V Charles E. Brewster, 55 8 ve/opme11t, 6-f T 11 0•1r ON, BETTY : T he Story of WAKE , LLOYD K.: "\Ve Hold the " Pomograph )"' Report, Cl1 urch - Rumanian Hospital Rebuilt with the Christian Literature Fund, Rock," 215 111e11 Divided 011 . 646 Church Relief Funds, 593 302 \Vea thering, A, by Stanley ). Row­ PORTUGUESE AFRICA: RYAN, MAR Y PEnKrNS : The T 11 0•1PSON, KE : Africa ns Seek a lan d, Jr., 387 Protestan tism Under Fire, l I Psalms, 218 Church of Their Own, I 34 Wedding Riot Avoided, 154 Posters, 564, 622 Toleran ce Towa rd Religion Scored \Veek of Prayer for Christian POTTER, PHI LIP: Rethinking the s by Communist Paper, 45 Unity: Mission to All Men, 9 Goal of Mission, 162 St. Louis "Submarine Church" TRESS, ARTHUR : Spring Rain \Velfare Agencies Lag in Anti­ POVERTY: Cleared of Disruption Cha rge, Ceremony, 20 Discrimination, 370 " I' ve Been in the Stonn so 364 TRl !DAD: vVERNER , HAZEN G.: The Search Long," by Willis T. Good­ DE SANTA ANNA, JuL10 : Christian Communication, by Robert L. for a Better Family, 245 wi n. 441 Revolutionaries, 50 1 and Esth er Mcintire, 639 WI est Pointer Asks Discharge as a J ew Directions Reported in SANTOS, V1c-roR : U.S . Invest­ Tunku Abdul Rahman Takes Conscientious Obiector, 532 M ission lnvolvemen t, 589 ments: the J-lidde11 Empire, 485 Islamic Post, 644 \V hat Next for Black Develop­ Poverty Pocket in Appalachia, SA RAWAK: ment? by Ellen Clark, 78 In a, by Trudi Kl ijn , 239 Getting the \'(I ord Around, 300 u Wl hen T hey Stop Running, by Prayer for Peace, A, by J. Barrie Sc1-11 FF : \V illiam Munster's New UN ITED ATIONS: Maurice Wilkinson, 57 1 Shepherd, 613 Beat, 553 Church Center for th e UN \Vhite House Conference on Prayers, by Jeanette Struchen, 359 Sc 11 NEEBERCER, VrLEM : Joh11 Exem pted from Demolition, Food, N utrition and Health, by Presb)'terian Bodies Plan for Amos Comenius-A Prophet 48 Patricia Nelson, 132 Sprin g Merge r, 6 5 2 for Today, 56 1 Deve/opme11t-Pla11 ning for the \V ho, Wl hat, \'\!here, How and Presbyterian Church Sun1ey Cites SC HOLARSH IPS : Second Decade, by Amy Lee, \V ii )• of \Vorld Development, "Confusion," 148 ew Directions Reported in 584 The, by Stanley J. Rowland, Presbyte rian Merger Plan to Be Mission Involvement, 589 Floating on Air in Africa, 248 Jr., 64 Ready This October, 42 1 Searc/1 for a Better Family, The, l ntemational Corps of Volun­ \ VtLKI NSON, l\ifAURICE : \V hen Presbyterians, U.S.A . and U.S., by Hazen G. \•Verner, 245 teers, 40 They Stop Running, 571 Fonn Joint Board for \Vorship, Seminarians lntem Abroad, by lri temational Drug Scene, The \Voman '' Panther" Freed as 369 Charl es E. Brewster, 82 -An American Export? by Churches Post Bail, 149 Amy Lee, 408 Presb)•tery Drops Charges Against SHEPHERD, J. BARRI E: A Pra yer \Vomen's Division Votes 0 11 11 BEDC Members, 645 fo r Peace, 613 International Labor Organiza­ "Conspiracy" Laws, 149 Protestant Colonialism in the S111sB 1Do, YUTAKA: Maintaining tion, by Amy Lee, 92 \Vomen's Lib i11 Clwrches Scores Span ish Caribbean, by Alice the Securil)• of Japan , 34 7 Survival, 462 a Few Victo ries, 64 3 Hageman, 182 Sh o1Ving a Man How to Name the T elevision-the Third Pare11t? \Vomen's Lib, \Vome 11's Division Psalms, The, by Ma ry Perki ns \Vorld, by Paulo Freire, 388 by Amy Lee, 304 Head Speaks on, 529 Rya n, 218 S rl TH, E. HOYT : Pakistan Moves UN Twenty-Fifth Annive rsary, \Vomen's Place in the Churcli , PUERTO RICO: Ahead, 545 by Amy Lee, 525 338 Conference Backs Cu lebra Is­ SMITH , Jo1rn CovENTRY: It Still UNR\'i/ A Ma11date a Seco nd \ VooDRUF F, LANCE R.: Art : Silent landers, 206 Happens, 272 Exodus, by Amy Lee, 121 V ictim in th e Inda-China \Var, Protestant Colonialism in the Sackman, Ral pli WI., Dies, 530 \V/itlw ut Sound of Trumpets, 439 Spanish Caribbean, by Alice SOUTH AFRI CA: 640 . .. The Making of M issionaries Hageman, 182 Refonned Churches Urge South \Vorld Y ou.th Assembly, by for the 70's, 172 Africa Conference, 587 Amy Lee, 356 WORLD COUNCIL OF Q South Africa E11ds Credit That U.S. Investments: the Hidden Em­ C HURC HES Quadrennial Emphasis Team Re­ Churches Had Opposed, 44 pire, by Victor Santos, 485 Anglican Sa ys \VCC eglects ports Progress to Date, 64 5 Sou.them Presbyterians Vary Tra­ U.S.-Z's: Missions, 255 ditional Stands, 41 6 Kansas Cit )• Wlas a Good Trip, Blake Denies Charge \VCC by Ellen Clark, 576 R Spanish Americans and the Council ls "Pro-Arab," 48 Church, by Leo Nieto, 378 Urba11 M ission Program Disbands Controversy Continues Over Receiving the In camation, 629 Spanish Protestants, No Religious in ew York, 416 Red Bird Pastor Is Shot, 422 Anti-Racism Grants of Liberty Y et for , 44 Urban Shanty Town , by John wee, 646 Reformed Churches Urge South Split in Northem India, 548 Littlewood, 503 Africa Conference, 587 Power and the Powerless, by Spring Rain Ceremony, by Arthur URUGUAY: \ \filbert Fo rker, 232 REtK , Mrnr AM M.: Belfast's Mad­ Autonomy and No Missionaries, ness, 608 Tress, 20 Race Fund Progra m Sparks "States' Rights" Asked in Massa­ 177 \Viele Controve rsy, 587 Repression and the Church, by chusetts Law, 2 55 Churchman Released by Police, Eugene Culhane and Grace Seeks Funds for Pastoral \Vork STRUCHEN, JEANETTE: Pra ye rs, 359 529 1Vith U.S . Draft Dodgers, 416 Rissetto, 488 Structure Conference Asks New Rethinking the Goal of Mission, Taiwan Presbyterian Church U. Methodist Relations, 258 v Quits \VCC over Peking Is­ by Philip Potter, 162 VA NDERVELDE, ]\![A R I 0 R I E : Student Protest, by Gilbert 11. sue, 470 RHODESIA: Dawes, 514 Doesn't Everybody Live on a Churches Back Catholic Bish­ Volcano? 139 "'Tige r Cages" Fo und by \ V CC Study Savs \Ve Think More Staff Member, 4 70 ops' Stand, 367 About Religion than Sex, 652 V IETNA I : 1\1 ission Board Backs Closing of Art: Silent Victim in th e Indo­ \VCC Leader Deplores Pro­ Consulate, 252 Chi11a \Var, by Lance R. posed Anns Sale, 471 Offers Minor Concessions to T W oodruff, 4 39 Churches, 5 32 TAIWAN: Former Vietnam 1urse Speaks y Rhodesia: A Vision Betra yed, Mountain Tribes, by Ted and Out on the \Var, 153 Young Lords, National 1-IQ, 201 by Per Hassi ng, 28 Betty Cole, 639 Meth odists Alloca te Funds for Your Church and the Third R1 ssETTO, GRACE AND EucE E New Era , A, 178 South Vietnam 1-I ousing, 49 \Vorld , by J. Da Viega Coutin­ Cuu1ANE: Repression and the Taiwan Presb)•terian Church Rise of "Yellow Power" in ho, 74 Church, 488 Quits \VCC Over Peking Is­ Vietnam, The, by D. E. YOUTH: RON K, D. E.: Laos Refug ees, 436 sue, 470 Ronk, 38 Wl orld Y ou th Assembly, by R ise of " Y el/ow Power" in Technology's Challenge to Free­ Two U. l\lethodist Officers Re­ Anw Lee, 356 Vietnam, The, 38 dom , by William F. Fore, 268 fusin g \I ietnam Service, 2 5 3 Youtl,- Jn/foence Assembl)', 362 RosE, ST EP HE N C.: Minorit)' Television-the T hird Parent? by U.S. Troops Evacuate Base in Rig/i ts, a Biblical Approach, Amy Lee, 304 V ietnam T emple, 589 z 384 Ten Priests Tie Anti-\Var and Vietnam Rehabilita tion Con­ ZA IBIA : ROWLAND, LORRAINE A.: Light to Anti-Abortion Drives, 588 ference Cancelled, 471 "Christian Standards" of Apart­ the Nations, 60 T llAILAND: W'hen th e Guns I-l ave Stopped, heid Regim e Opposed, 368 ROWLAND, STA LEY J ., j R.: f\l!edia "" Getting to Dislike You," l i9 by Don Luce, 326 Getting th e \'\ford f\r ormd, 300 INDEX II. ILLUSTRATIONS A C hu rc h scenes, 8 Donham, Cary E., 532 Chimayo. New M exico, 622 Aberty, Ann, 649 Collins, Mrs. Henry C ., 366 Drinan, Fath er Robert, 420 Johns Island, South Carolina, 44 2- AFR ICA: COLOMB IA: Drug addiction, 200, 408-410 47 Africa ns worship, I 34-137 Bogota police at bull fi ght, 491 Duarte, Marta, 649 Johns Island wo man and children, Audio sources, 286-29 3 Oil worker, 48 3 September cover LASKA S: Columbia. Miss., high school stu­ E Johnson, Archie, 102 Eskimo family has supper, 128 dents, I 02 Eppler, Erhard, 235 Jones, Tracey K., 650 Eskimo home, I 15. 11 7 Comenius, John Amos, 560 EQUADOR : Jordan, Barbara, 334 Eskimo man and boy fi shing, CO CO : \.\!omen demonstrate, 489 Jordan, Clarence L ., 89; with March cover Clinic patients, 401 Experim ental worship service, 282 oth ers turned away from Geor­ Fisherman, J J 6 Kimbanquist Church mem bers, gia church, 91 Girl totes \\'ater, I J 3 224-228 F Joshi , Bishop R. D ., 548 Ki viliqut, Ir. and !rs. Jimmy, Midwives, 399, 400 Folk dancing, 284 Joyner, Henry , 413 I 12, I 14 l\lission station at Lake Kafa­ Font, Louis P., 253 Allen, James B., 366 kumba, 180 Fraude, Dennis, 298 K Alsop, Stewart, 572, 575 Youths at Boys' School, Kindu, Fuchida, Mitsuo, 592 Kanust, vVarren, 555 Alting, Leo, 30 I 181 Kh ouri , Elia, 2 31 i\MERIC INDI S: Connell, Heather. 399 G Kiel, David, 577, 579 1\ lcatraz Island, 214-2 17, !\lay Conyers, John, 420 C H A: Kim, Helen, 20 1 cover Coutinho, J. da Viega, 75 -77 Prosperous writer and family, Kitagawa, Daisuke, 256 1avajo Ministry van , 31 COVERS (Front): 127 KOREA: Travelling College, 31 Boli vian Tin Miner, October Goodwin, Willis T ., 448 Children's chorus, 178 Anderson, Carol, 64 3 Construction work in Rh odesia , Graham, Edward, 577 Young man lea rns Taekwon nderson, Francis, 252 Februa ry Graham, Sue, 577 Do, 178 Anderson, Gerald H ., 650 Eskimo l\ lan and Boy Fishing Crape strike posters, 383 Anglica n and Protestant sup­ at Point Hope, Alaska, March Crape wo rkers, 22 3 L porters in E ngland, I 50 Indian T epee on Alcatraz Is­ Gray, Mr. and Mrs. Ulysses S., Lang, Beatrix, 255 APPALACH IA: land, May 457 Laubach, Frank, 370 l lome in poverty pocket, 239 Indians in Procession during Crout, T ed, 383 Love, Jan, 649 Red Bird Mission basket mak- Spring Festi va l, Chiapas, Cuzman, Pedro, 38 3 Luce, b on. 330 ing, 240 Mexico, January Lutheran Assembly, 473 Arab refugee ca mp, J 22, 123 l\ ladonna and the Infant Jes us, H Argentina dwelling, I 24 M edieval Norwegian \.\lood Hagen, Bishop Odd, J 54 M Arias, Bishop Mortimer, 148, 498 Carving, December Hall , James, 579 Madonna and the Infant Jes us, Ann trong, Bishop James, 420 Statue in Peace Park at site of Harrington, Mrs. vVayne \ .\I., 650 December cover atomic Bomb Explosion, Harvey, Jane, 340 lalonzo, Cipriano, 398 B Nagasaki, japan, July Hassler, Alfred, 420 larshall, Calvin B., 80 Baham Dunbar. 2 i5 1cmbcr co1cr Purdue \11cmbl! de ign , -f69 '1ha. Joao Parah~ba da, r Palcstm1an, I I 9 unon, Jacob and Dopl11e. ; ;- \' Parker, E1 erett C .. 30 I R Snuth, Rodenck \\'., 252 Parmar, amucl, 23), ;63 Rabbi perfonns c orc"m u:rc 'odman, Ralph \\'., 530 \ rnc1uelan farm famih, I :9 \JET'\'\\! Pa111on Plav stars, 2;; mon~. 2 - pam1h \ rncncan \ 'oluntecr er­ Passlcr, \IJJd red K., -f 56 Ranmc1, Rarmond, 190 \ICe \ \ orker, r9 \ rt tm1 Lire\, 4 iQ, H O Perez, Da\Jd, 649 Rc1t1. \\'alter and \lildrcd, 4;~ ' tatue of Libert). I - Chart. opm1on, 131 Perry, Troy, 4;3 RllODI: I\· St rec t scenes, I 3 Fam1h moun1' death, iQ PE RU: Constrnchon \\Or~ . l·cbmary tudents. 169, 204 C"I. 'l26 Barriada nea r Lima, 50-f CO\ Cr S\\' FDF'\' : Japane c nu"c, 'l2Q Earthquake d ama~e . 5 2 Richard;, Charles Cran1ton, 302 Uppsala Cathedral \\Or>hip cr­ Saigon home-;, 126, 32 , HI Ea rthquake \'1CtJms, 41-f Rik~. :\'cga1l R., SI \JCe, J unc cover hoc 1hmc bo~'· HO Leather shop in Lima, 50; Rmt1n, B3}ard. SI S"cdi;h churth frC1c0<.-s, I I 0 Pcrlll ia n rebuildmg, 5 3 \\' Young people, 402 \\ ahh. BJ\hOp JamCI E. r4 Ph1hp, Andre, 235 St. .\ ]ban's ~ P"COpal Churth. T \\ a'hmgton \lonumt'nt, 42 I'll !LIPPI, E · i1mbu" . Conn .. 29- 1 \]\\ \ ;\'; \\'a'""'" " "'· Ph!lh J. -f O\\elling, 12; St. Cluncnt' Episcopal Churth I rammg Center at I a1p(:J , 95 \ \ 1lmorc. Ca' raud .. Jr.. I Fam1er and fam1h ha'e meal, pan1J11oncrs, 29;, 29- 1 I I \IL.\ '\'D : \\ omen\ hberahon march, 'i2Q 128 - Samucl, Bi1hon, of the Coptic Cla11 illn trate Chnstma1 \ \ oo. rranJ.., -f >6 Studen ts demon tratc, 395 Orthodox Church m Fl:' pt. card,, I -9 Pia, Jua n, 30 1 230 lla"c t I c"t"al d111nc-r at y PICTURE SECTJO '\'. 'amud. Bi1hop John \ 'ictor, 546 Ch1engma1, 1- 9 hall cnge of the Si mm, -u i 3 Santa m> Roman Catholic I l1ant. , 526 ) oung. \ \ h1tnC'\, I Choo1e Life, I 92 I 9- Church. 621 1liapa, Jonathan, 30 I ) oung Lordi. 96. ). 0. 649 Recci' ing the lncamat1on, 629 Stl11e'"· Beth. 6-f 3 'fl10mp1on, Lore I~, :;-­ ) outh \ "cmbh. r o. 3'i6 -,:;- 6H Scluot,, hednk \ . r > Tqenna, Re1e>, ,\ ugmt cmer ) outh at Pre Ji, tenan \ \\tmhh. >6~ . pring Ram Ceremo1l\, 20 2- Stott, Sttphen, ;-9 'I odd, \\ a\nc P., 366 P1ttlock, Stan, 5- 2 Sc nlpturc, S-f &- f'ollut1on, 204 Second Congregational Church, z PO RTUG,\ L: Crt-Cm\lch, Conn , cluldren , /..apata. Rolando, >OO Poor fa mily, I 2 29- United '\'ation1 Charter. 526 Z1gon. Rolf. 2:;:;