Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul Faculdade De Educação Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Educação

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Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul Faculdade De Educação Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Educação UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL FACULDADE DE EDUCAÇÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM EDUCAÇÃO Cristiano Eduardo da Rosa EDUCAÇÃO, INFÂNCIAS E ARTE DRAG: a literatura para crianças tensionando os scripts de gênero Porto Alegre 2019 Cristiano Eduardo da Rosa EDUCAÇÃO, INFÂNCIAS E ARTE DRAG: a literatura para crianças tensionando os scripts de gênero Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, como requisito para obtenção do título de Mestre em Educação. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Jane Felipe de Souza Linha de pesquisa: Educação, Sexualidade e Relações de Gênero. Porto Alegre 2019 Cristiano Eduardo da Rosa EDUCAÇÃO, INFÂNCIAS E ARTE DRAG: a literatura para crianças tensionando os scripts de gênero Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, como requisito para obtenção do título de Mestre em Educação. Aprovada em 11 dez. 2019. ________________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Jane Felipe de Souza – Orientadora ________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Fernando Seffner – PPGEDU/UFRGS ________________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Cristina Maria Rosa – UFPEL ________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Marcio Rodrigo Vale Caetano – FURG Dedico este trabalho a todas as crianças e as drag queens que trazem mais alegria e cor a este mundo, por vezes tão cinza! AGRADECIMENTOS À instituição Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul e ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Educação, pela oportunidade de qualificação de minha prática de ensino, de pesquisa e de produção de conhecimento. À linha de pesquisa “Educação, Sexualidade e Relações de Gênero”, ao eixo temático “Infâncias, gênero e sexualidade” e ao GEERGE – Grupo de Estudos em Educação e Relações de Gênero – pela honra de fazer parte de suas histórias e produções acadêmicas. À minha orientadora, professora Dra. Jane Felipe, pela acolhida atenta, carinhosa, dedicada e competente, feita com empolgação, sempre me motivando em relação à minha pesquisa desde a ideia inicial. Aos/às demais docentes que com quem tive aulas ao longo dos semestres cursados: Dra. Dagmar Estermann Meyer, Dr. Fernando Seffner, Dra. Guacira Lopes Louro, Dr. Rodrigo Saballa de Carvalho, Dra. Liliane Madruga Prestes, Dr. Jamil Cabral Sierra e Dra. Joanalira Corpes Magalhães. Aos/às professores/as da banca examinadora: Dr. Fernando Seffner, Dr. Marcio Caetano e Dra. Cristina Rosa, pela qualificação e indicação de (des)caminhos a seguir na minha investigação. Aos/às colegas de grupo de orientação – Edu, Jéssica, Michele, Lúcio, Vanessa e Luz – que também me indicaram possibilidades nas trocas realizadas nas reuniões de orientação, assim como fora delas, pelas redes sociais, nas caronas e nos eventos. Ao meu companheiro Jackson, aos meus amigos e irmãos do coração Dário e Gui, e à minha estimada amiga Drika, pois sem eles a prática desta pesquisa não seria a mesma. À minha família, por todo o suporte desde cedo para os estudos, incentivando e estando presente em cada etapa de vida conquistada. Às crianças que deram vida à minha investigação sendo as protagonistas desta pesquisa e às suas famílias, pela confiança e credibilidade. E às drag queens, que me inspiraram, ensinaram e, principalmente, colaboraram de alguma forma com a realização desta dissertação. And I said who Who do you think you are? Who do you think you are? I'm telling the truth now We're all born naked And the rest is drag (RUPAUL, 2014) RESUMO Nesta pesquisa investiguei como crianças com idade entre quatro e seis anos, estudantes da Educação Infantil, são capturadas e rompem com os scripts de gênero a partir do contato com a literatura. Para isso, operei com as teorizações dos Estudos de Gênero e dos Estudos Culturais em uma perspectiva pós-estruturalista de análise. A metodologia constituiu em três encontros de mediação de leitura literária, realizados por uma drag, e de rodas de conversa com perguntas disparadoras sobre os livros apresentados e atividades lúdicas. As obras escolhidas para leitura foram de autores/as nacionais e internacionais, com histórias para crianças que oportunizavam o debate sobre as questões de gênero, assim como de classe, raça e sexualidade. Os encontros, inspirados no projeto estadunidense Drag Queen Story Hour, ocorreram em uma biblioteca de uma cidade do Vale do Paranhana, interior do Rio Grande do Sul, durante os meses de junho e julho de 2019, como evento fechado para famílias convidadas. Por meio desta pesquisa, em que participaram nove crianças, constatei movimentos que indicam como acontece a captura (aprendizagem, percepção e (re)produção) e a ruptura (negociação e subversão) dos scripts de gênero na infância, analisando os discursos infantis sobre performatividade, controle corpos, paternidade, famílias, feminilidades e masculinidades. Observei também que tais movimentos de transgressão acontecem apenas em ambientes democráticos e laicos, quando as crianças se sentem motivadas e seguras (fatores que podem ser trazidos pela literatura e pela arte em geral) para se posicionarem e questionarem as normas que as regulam – sempre em uma matriz cisheteronormativa – seja na família, na escola, na igreja ou em outros espaços educativos e sociais dos quais elas participam e/ou transitam desde a mais tenra idade. Palavras-chave: Infâncias. Scripts de gênero. Literatura para crianças. Educação. Arte drag. ABSTRACT In this research, I investigated how children between four and six years old, students of Child Education, are captured and break off with the gender scripts from the contact with the literature. To this end, I worked with the theorizations of Gender Studies and Cultural Studies from a poststructuralist perspective of analysis. The methodology consisted of three literary reading mediation meetings, realized by a drag, and conversation circle with triggering questions about the books presented and playful activities. The works chosen for reading were from national and international authors, with stories for children that provided the opportunity to debate gender issues, as well as class, race and sexuality. The meetings, inspired by the US Drag Queen Story Hour project, took place in a library in a city of the Paranhana Valley, in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul, during June and July 2019, as a closed event for invited families. Through this research, in which nine children participated, I noticed movements that indicate how the capture (learning, perception and (re)production) and the break off (negotiation and subversion) of gender scripts in childhood happen, analyzing the children's discourses about performativity, control bodies, fatherhood, families, masculinities and femininities. I also observed that such transgressive movements only happen in democratic and secular environments, when children feel motivated and secure (factors that can be brought by literature and art in general) to position themselves and question the norms that regulate them – always in a cisheteronormative matrix – whether in the family, school, church or other educational and social spaces in which they participate and/or transit from an early age. Keywords: Childhoods. Gender scripts. Literature for children. Education. Drag Art. LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1 - Criança segurando cartaz em defesa do Drag Queen Story Hour. ......................... 67 Figura 2 - Capas dos livros “Isabelita”, “Reconstruindo Amora” e “Yala”. ........................... 72 Figura 3 - Espaço da biblioteca destinado à mediação de leitura e roda de conversa com as crianças. .................................................................................................................................... 88 Figura 4 - Estética diferente da drag para os três encontros de mediação de leitura. ............. 91 Figura 5 - Capas dos livros “Flicts” e “Tudo bem ser diferente”. ........................................... 94 Figura 6 - Capas dos livros “Monstro Rosa” e “Todos Zoam Todos”. .................................... 95 Figura 7 - Capas dos livros “Uma História Apaixonada” e “Meu Amigo Jim”. ..................... 96 Figura 8 - Crianças operando com tintas coloridas para pintar os cabelos de rostos. ........... 102 Figura 9 - Crianças confeccionando um monstro rosa de lã e EVA...................................... 102 Figura 10 - Crianças cantando e dançando uma música relativa ao livro “Uma História Apaixonada”. .......................................................................................................................... 103 Figura 11 - Drag realizando a leitura do livro “Tudo bem ser diferente”. ............................ 105 Figura 12 - Crianças desenhando rostos em gostas de água de papel. .................................. 114 Figura 13 - Reações de Pedro e Mário ao verem a drag entrar na biblioteca. ...................... 120 Figura 14 - Roda de conversa debatendo sobre para quem as crianças contariam um segredo. ................................................................................................................................................ 123 Figura 15 - Crianças constituindo casais com imagens de princesas e príncipes. ................. 131 Figura 16 - Capas dos livros “Meus dois pais”, “Olívia tem dois papais” e “Tenho dois papais”. ..................................................................................................................................
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