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MISSION in CENTRAL CHINA
MISSION in CENTRAL CHINA A SHORT HISTORY of P.I.M.E. INSTITUTE in HENAN and SHAANXI Ticozzi Sergio, Hong Kong 2014 1 (on the cover) The Delegates of the 3rd PIME General Assembly (Hong Kong, 15/2 -7/3, 1934) Standing from left: Sitting from left: Fr. Luigi Chessa, Delegate of Kaifeng Msgr. Domenico Grassi, Superior of Bezwada Fr. Michele Lucci, Delegate of Weihui Bp. Enrico Valtorta, Vicar ap. of Hong Kong Fr. Giuseppe Lombardi, Delegate of Bp. Flaminio Belotti, Vicar ap. of Nanyang Hanzhong Bp. Dionigi Vismara, Bishop of Hyderabad Fr. Ugo Sordo, Delegate of Nanyang Bp. Vittorio E. Sagrada, Vicar ap. of Toungoo Fr. Sperandio Villa, China Superior regional Bp. Giuseppe N. Tacconi, Vicar ap. of Kaifeng Fr. Giovanni Piatti, Procurator general Bp. Martino Chiolino, Vicar ap. of Weihui Fr. Paolo Manna, Superior general Bp. Giovanni B. Anselmo, Bishop of Dinajpur Fr. Isidoro Pagani, Delegate of Italy Bp. Erminio Bonetta, Prefect ap. of Kengtung Fr. Paolo Pastori, Delegate of Italy Fr. Giovanni B. Tragella, assistant general Fr. Luigi Risso, Vicar general Fr. Umberto Colli, superior regional of India Fr. Alfredo Lanfranconi, Delegate of Toungoo Fr. Clemente Vismara, Delegate ofKengtung Fr. Valentino Belgeri, Delegate of Dinajpur Fr. Antonio Riganti, Delegate of Hong Kong 2 INDEX: 1 1. Destination: Henan (1869-1881) 25 2. Division of the Henan Vicariate and the Boxers’ Uprising (1881-1901) 49 3. Henan Missions through revolutions and changes (1902-1924) 79 4. Henan Vicariates and the country’s trials (1924-1946) 125 5. Henan Dioceses under the -
Building Railways in the People's Republic of China: Changing Lives
Building Railways in the People’s Republic of China Changing Lives Manmohan Parkash EARD Special Studies Building Railways in the People’s Republic of China: Changing Lives Manmohan Parkash © 2008 Asian Development Bank All rights reserved. Published 2008 Printed in the Philippines Publication Stock No. 092007 ISBN No. 978-971-561645-4 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank, of its Board of Governors, or of the governments they represent. The Asian Development Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. Use of the term “country” does not imply any judgment by the authors or the Asian Development Bank as to the legal or other status of any territorial entity. ii Building Railways in the People’s Republic of China: Changing Lives Contents Contents .................................................................................. iii List of Tables and Figures .................................................................. iv Abbreviations and Acronyms .............................................................. v Acknowledgement ........................................................................ vi Foreword .................................................................................. vii Executive Summary ....................................................................... viii INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... -
An Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Urbanization Patterns in Northwest China
land Article An Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Urbanization Patterns in Northwest China Haifen Lei 1,2, Jennifer Koch 2 and Hui Shi 1,* 1 School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; [email protected] 2 Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 6 September 2020; Accepted: 19 October 2020; Published: 27 October 2020 Abstract: Chinese metropolitan areas have been experiencing urbanization over the past decades, impacting biodiversity, carbon emissions, urban heat islands, and food security. Yet, systematic research on spatio-temporal urbanization patterns and drivers along the urban–rural gradient is rarely reported for northwest China. Here, we use land-use data from 1980 to 2015 to explore land-use change, urbanization intensity, and drivers in northwest China. Our results display direct and indirect effects of urban expansion on farmland loss, but also spatio-temporal heterogeneity in the urbanization patterns. While the earlier years were dominated by infill and land conversion close to city centers, the later years displayed sprawling urbanization following the constraints of terrain and administrative boundaries at the cost of farmland. Our regression analysis of spatial variables found a strong relationship with urban planning factors. The spatial analysis of urbanization patterns revealed indirect land-use change on former farmland. Furthermore, we found that regional geography and historic sites considerably influenced land conversion. Overall, our findings indicate the need for sustainable planning strategies that synthesize approaches to farmland and historic site protection and consideration of regionally specific landscape characteristics. -
Protection and Utilization of Confucian Temple in Southern Shaanxi from the Perspective of Cultural Heritage
Open Journal of Social Sciences, 2020, 8, 225-237 https://www.scirp.org/journal/jss ISSN Online: 2327-5960 ISSN Print: 2327-5952 Protection and Utilization of Confucian Temple in Southern Shaanxi from the Perspective of Cultural Heritage Hongdan Guo School of Literature and Media, Ankang University, Ankang, China How to cite this paper: Guo, H. D. (2020). Abstract Protection and Utilization of Confucian Temple in Southern Shaanxi from the As a precious historical and cultural heritage, we should not only pay attention Perspective of Cultural Heritage. Open to protection and inheritance, but also fully consider how to develop and utilize Journal of Social Sciences, 8, 225-237. the Confucian temples. For this purpose, we carried out field research on the https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2020.812017 remaining Confucian temples in southern Shaanxi, where social attention is Received: November 10, 2020 low. After investigation, it was found that: the situation of surviving Confucian Accepted: December 15, 2020 temples in southern Shaanxi is different. There are some Confucian temples Published: December 18, 2020 where the ancient buildings are relatively well preserved, or got seriously dam- aged but have been restored or rebuilt. There are also some Confucian temples Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. where only a few buildings or a single building exist, or even no physical build- This work is licensed under the Creative ings in the ruins. In terms of the utilization of the existing Confucian temples, Commons Attribution International except for some Confucian temples, which are now integrated with museums License (CC BY 4.0). -
Environmental Impact Assessment Report of Shaanxi Small Towns
E4461 V1 REV EIA Report of Shaanxi Zhongsheng Assessment Certificate Category: Grade A SZSHPS-2013-075 Assessment Certificate No.:3607 Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental Impact Assessment Report of Shaanxi Small Towns Infrastructure Project with World Bank Loan Public Disclosure Authorized (Draft for review) Public Disclosure Authorized Entrusted by: Foreign Loan Supporting Project Management Office of Shaanxi Province Assessed by: Shaanxi Zhongsheng Environmental Technologies Development Co., Ltd. March 2014 Public Disclosure Authorized Content 0 Foreword ................................................................................................................................................. 1 0.1 Project Background ................................................................................................................. 1 0.2 Assessment Category .............................................................................................................. 2 0.4 Project Feature ....................................................................................................................... 3 0.5 Major Environmental Problems Concerned in Environmental Assessment ......................... 4 0.6 Major Conclusion in Report .................................................................................................... 4 0.7 Acknowledgement .................................................................................................................. 4 1 General Provisions ................................................................................................................................. -
1 China Xi'an-Ankang Railway Construction Project
China Xi’an-Ankang Railway Construction Project (1)-(3) (CXVII-P73, CXVIII-P73, CXIX-P73) External Evaluator: Mitsue Mishima (OPMAC) Field Survey: October 2004 1. Project Profile and Japan’s ODA Loan Mongolia Beijing North Korea China South Korea Project site Xian Nepal Ankang Bhutan India Taiwan Myanmar Vietnam Laos Project site location map (Xian-Ankang, Shannxi Province) Qingcha Tunnel 1.1 Background The project site (Xian- Ankang) is located in the southern part of Shaanxi Province where the 3000-meter high Qinling Mountains extend over 1500 kilometers, and was therefore undeveloped due to difficulties in transportation and remoteness from cities. Southwest of the project site is Sichuan Province, the largest province with a population of 110 million accounting for 10% of the population of China. However, as there is no other transport route to Sichuan Province than taking a detour around the Qinling Mountains, there were only limited routes to transport energy and everyday commodities from the north. Railway transport from other regions to Sichuan Province depended on Baoching Line (Baoji-Chengdu) from the north and Xiangyu Line (Xiangfan-Ankang-Chongquing) from the east, and both lines were operating to full capacity. It was particularly difficult to double-track Baoching Line, which takes a detour to avoid the Qinling Mountains because of 1) long distance of transport, 2) large cost to transport on a gradient at an angel of 3%, and 3) the topographical problem. The opening of the electrified single track of Xian-Ankang Line not only helped increase the transport capacity within Shaanxi Province but also shortened the traveling distance to Chongquing and eased the transportation load on Baoching Line. -
Third Party Evaluator's Opinion on Xi'an-Ankang Railway Construction
Third Party Evaluator’s Opinion on Xi’an-Ankang Railway Construction Project (1)-(3) Qunren Li Research Professor China Academy of Railway Sciences Impact As has expounded upon in the Ex-post Evaluation Report, the construction and operation of the Xi’an-Ankang railway has helped push economic development in the zone of impact by increasing the freight transportation volume, those of ores of various kinds in particular. In a similar manner, the increased passenger transportation volume with the construction of the line has also brought economic benefits to the region. Apart from Xi'an and Ankang, major cities at the two ends, an important administrative district that the Xi'an-Ankang railway passing through is Shangluo (consisting of Zhashui county and Zhen'an county), a city located in the Qinling mountainous area which, before the construction of the Xi'an-Ankang railway, suffered slow economy development and urban construction due to poor communication. The city enjoys many natual advantages for development: close to provincial capital Xi'an city, with a climate of pleasant cool in summer, little air pollution and nice scenery, which makes it a nature summer resort and offers a prospect of turning into the "back garden" of Xi'an city. Yet the handicapped traffic to Xi’an before the construction of the Xi’an-Ankang railway, taking more than more than 5 hours, made its advantages unable to be brought into play . Now the communication has become a lot convenient with the travel time between Xi'an and Shangluo shortened to a little more than 1 hour. -
The Spreading of Christianity and the Introduction of Modern Architecture in Shannxi, China (1840-1949)
Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid Programa de doctorado en Concervación y Restauración del Patrimonio Architectónico The Spreading of Christianity and the introduction of Modern Architecture in Shannxi, China (1840-1949) Christian churches and traditional Chinese architecture Author: Shan HUANG (Architect) Director: Antonio LOPERA (Doctor, Arquitecto) 2014 Tribunal nombrado por el Magfco. y Excmo. Sr. Rector de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, el día de de 20 . Presidente: Vocal: Vocal: Vocal: Secretario: Suplente: Suplente: Realizado el acto de defensa y lectura de la Tesis el día de de 20 en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid. Calificación:………………………………. El PRESIDENTE LOS VOCALES EL SECRETARIO Index Index Abstract Resumen Introduction General Background........................................................................................... 1 A) Definition of the Concepts ................................................................ 3 B) Research Background........................................................................ 4 C) Significance and Objects of the Study .......................................... 6 D) Research Methodology ...................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Chinese traditional architecture 1.1 The concept of traditional Chinese architecture ......................... 13 1.2 Main characteristics of the traditional Chinese architecture .... 14 1.2.1 Wood was used as the main construction materials ........ 14 1.2.2 -
Preparing the Shaanxi-Qinling Mountains Integrated Ecosystem Management Project (Cofinanced by the Global Environment Facility)
Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 39321 June 2008 PRC: Preparing the Shaanxi-Qinling Mountains Integrated Ecosystem Management Project (Cofinanced by the Global Environment Facility) Prepared by: ANZDEC Limited Australia For Shaanxi Province Development and Reform Commission This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. FINAL REPORT SHAANXI QINLING BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PREPARED FOR Shaanxi Provincial Government And the Asian Development Bank ANZDEC LIMITED September 2007 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as at 1 June 2007) Currency Unit – Chinese Yuan {CNY}1.00 = US $0.1308 $1.00 = CNY 7.64 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank BAP – Biodiversity Action Plan (of the PRC Government) CAS – Chinese Academy of Sciences CASS – Chinese Academy of Social Sciences CBD – Convention on Biological Diversity CBRC – China Bank Regulatory Commission CDA - Conservation Demonstration Area CNY – Chinese Yuan CO – company CPF – country programming framework CTF – Conservation Trust Fund EA – Executing Agency EFCAs – Ecosystem Function Conservation Areas EIRR – economic internal rate of return EPB – Environmental Protection Bureau EU – European Union FIRR – financial internal rate of return FDI – Foreign Direct Investment FYP – Five-Year Plan FS – Feasibility -
Evaluation of ADB's Assistance for Roads and Railways In
Evaluation Study Reference Number: SAP: PRC 2007-04 Sector Assistance Program Evaluation April 2007 Sector Assistance Program Evaluation of Asian Development Bank Assistance for Roads and Railways in the People’s Republic of China Operations Evaluation Department Asian Development Bank CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit – yuan (CNY) At Country Operational At Country Strategy At Operations Strategy and Program Evaluation (April 1997) (October 2003) (September 2006) CNY1.00 = $0.1210 $0.1208 $0.1258 $1.00 = CNY8.2965 CNY8.2766 CNY7.9468 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank ADTA – advisory technical assistance COS – country operational strategy CSP – country strategy and program PRC – People’s Republic of China BTOR – back-to-office report EARD – East Asia Department EATC – East Asia Transport and Communications Division EFYP – Eleventh Five-Year Plan, 2006-2010 EIRR – economic internal rate of return EPRS – enhanced poverty reduction strategy FIDIC – Fédération Internationale des Ingénieurs Conseils FIRR – financial internal rate of return GDP – gross domestic product ICAC – Independent Contracts Against Corruption ICB – international competitive bidding LCB – local competitive bidding LJVR – local joint venture railway LPP – Local People’s Procuratorate MCD – municipalities communication department MOC – Ministry of Communications MOF – Ministry of Finance MOR – Ministry of Railways NDRC – National Development and Reform Commission NFYP – Ninth Five-Year Plan, 1996-2000 NTHS – National Trunk Highway System OED – Operations Evaluation -
A Case Study on COVID-19 Infections in Shaanxi Province, China
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Health‑seeking and diagnosis delay and its associated factors: a case study on COVID‑19 infections in Shaanxi Province, China Wenyuan Zheng1, Fabrice Kämpfen2 & Zhiyong Huang3* This time‑to‑event study examines social factors associated with health‑seeking and diagnosis of 165 COVID‑19 cases in response to the pandemic spread in Shaanxi Province, China. In particular, we investigate the diferential access to healthcare in terms of delayed time from symptom onset to frst medical visit and subsequently to diagnosis by factors such as sex, age, travel history, and type of healthcare utilization. We show that it takes more time for patients older than 60 (against those under 30) to seek healthcare after developing symptoms (+ 2.5 days, p < 0.01 ), surveillance on people with living or travel history to Wuhan helps shorten the time to the frst doctor visit (− 0.8 days) and diagnosis (− 2.2 days, p < 0.01 ). A delay cut is associated with the adoption of intermediary and large hospitals rather than community‑based care as primary care choices (− 1.6 days, p < 0.1 and − 2.2 days, p < 0.05 ). One unit increase of healthcare workers per 1000 people saves patients 0.5 days ( p < 0.1 ) for diagnosis from the frst doctor visit and 0.6 days ( p < 0.05 ) in total. Our analysis of factors associated with the time delay for diagnosis may provide a better understanding of the health‑ seeking behaviors of patients and the diagnosis capacity of healthcare providers during the COVID‑19 pandemic. In December 2019, a series of unknown-cause pneumonia cases, later named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO), were reported in Wuhan, China, and has since spread rapidly, becoming a global pan- demic within months. -
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Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 72 International Conference on Management, Education and Social Science (ICMESS 2017) Studies on Spatial Structure of Tourist Attractions in Edge-Typed Tourism City -A Case Study of Ankang Ma Teng; Wang Xing; Tang Beipei; Zhang Baigang; Rui Yang* College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University Xi’an710127, China Abstract—Taking Ankang as a typical case of edge-typed However, it should be noted that the "edge" of Ankang is more tourism city, we analyze the compactness, agglomeration, due to the comparison to its corresponding strong core tourist differentiation characteristics of its class-A tourist attractions city—Xi'an, its tourist location, resources, market isn’t spatial structures and explore the spatial path out of the edge of absolutely "non-superiority”. Especially with the building of the plight for edge-typed tourism city, basing on the spatial large Qinling Mountain humanistic eco-tourism holiday circle, statistical and mathematical methods such as compactness index, Ankang tourism development has entered to the new stage of coefficient of variation, scale index, unevenness index and core tourist attractions construction drive and global tourism superiority index. The results indicated that: ①The degree of pattern conformation, it is possible to grow into a new core compactness and unevenness of Ankang class-A tourist tourist destination. attractions spatial distribution are high. Spatial clustering is significant. ② Differentiation characteristics in number, size, Based on that, this paper takes the Ankang class-A tourist quality and influence of the Ankang class-A tourist attractions attractions as research object, using compactness index, are different, but Hanbin District and Shiquan County have coefficient of variation and unevenness index to identify the shown a clear advantage in all aspects.