Historical Perspectives on Invention & Creativity
“HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON INVENTION & CREATIVITY” THE LEMELSON-MIT PROGRAM School of Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS ____________________________ Merritt Roe Smith, Chair, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Merton C. Flemings, Vice Chair, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Evan I. Schwartz, Rapporteur, Author and Independent Journalist Claire Calcagno, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Kristin Finn, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Rayvon Fouche, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Robert Friedel, University of Maryland Lillian Hoddeson, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Thomas P. Hughes, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Victor K. McElheny, Massachusetts Institute of Technology David A. Mindell, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Joel Mokyr, Northwestern University Arthur P. Molella, Smithsonian Institution Mark B. Myers, University of Pennsylvania Nathan Rosenberg, Stanford University Rosalind H. Williams, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1 FOREWORD This draft document comprises the complete report of a workshop held at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in March, 2003, as part of a larger study on invention and inventiveness. The study will culminate in an “Invention Assembly” in Washington D.C. in April 2004. The study is supported by the Lemelson-MIT Program and by the National Science Foundation. The Assembly will be hosted by the National Academy of Engineering. 2 CONTENTS WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS FOREWORD FINDINGS WORKSHOP DISCUSSIONS Introduction Roots of Invention Drivers of Invention The Changing Styles of Invention Building Creative Environments Consequences of Invention Policy Implications NOTES BIBLIOGRAPHY BIOGRAPHIES OF PARTICIPANTS 3 FINDINGS 1) Humans are inherently inventive and have been so since the emergence of our modern species, but until recent times invention was limited, sporadic, not readily diffused, and not always long lasting.
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