Grammar Let’s Learn Together! Table of Contents

Ni Hao,

Follow my Lead - Chinese is a program that was inspired by setting goals and reaching them one step at a time. This program was designed for English Location 6 speakers to learn a new language that is different from English in more ways than one. In this book, you will learn step by step different Chinese Yes/No Questions 7 grammar that is easy to grasp and can be useful in the real world. With dedication and practice, English speakers can learn how to speak Chinese in Wanting Things 8 an uncomplicated way. Possession 9 Team members of Follow my Lead Quantities 10 “To Have and To Have Not” 14 “To Be” 18 And... 20 Answer Key 21 Locations Yes/No Questions

“Zài” (在) is a word used to describe someone or something To ask yes/no questions in Chinese, use “” (吗). Any statement being in a place. “Zài” is similar to “is”, “are”, and “am” when can be turned into a yes/no question by adding “ma” at the end. describing a location of a person or thing. The difference for the is that this is the only word necessary when describing something to be somewhere.

Structure: [something] zài [place] Structure: [statement] ma?

Example 1 Example 2 Example 1 Example 2 Wǒ zài zhèlǐ. Sam zài nàlǐ. Nǐ hǎo ma? Zhè shì tā de ma? I am here. Sam is there. Are you good? (How are you?) Is this his? Example 3 Example 3 Bāoguǒ zài zhōngguó. Wǒ kěyǐ huí jiā ma? The package is in China. Can I go home?

6 7 Wanting Things Possession

“De” (的) is the most common character in Chinese because it is used to signify possession. To talk about one thing belonging to “Yào” (要) is used when talking about simply wanting something. another thing, or attaching qualities to things, is the key definition “Yào” can also be used to describe the future, as in “I’m going of “de”. Therefore, this word is one of the most resourceful word in to…”. Caution when using “yào” to mean “to want”. As in English, the Chinese language. “De” can be compared to “apostrophe s” in using this word can come off as a demand. English.

Structure 1: [subject] yào [noun] Example 1 Structure 2: [subject] yào [action] Zhè shì wǒ de. This is mine

Example 1 Example 2 Example 2 Tāmen xiǎng yào guǒzhī. Tā yào qù dúshū. Nà shì cuò de. They want juice. ’s going to study. This is wrong Example 3 Example 3 Wǒ yào wán. Zhè shì tā de qiǎokèlì. I want to play. This is her chocolate. Example 4 Wǒ de lǎoshī jiào wǒ zhème duō. My teachers have taught me so much.

8 9 Use jiān room jiàn clothes; luggage jiè events; used for events like the Olympics, World Cup, and such Quantities that occur frequently jīn pound (actually 0.5 kilograms) jù phrase; remark To talk about quantities in Chinese, measure words must be used. juăn reel; spool; toilet paper; camera film Numbers cannot be used directly before or after nouns. Measure kē tree words must be placed in between. There are different measure kè text; lesson words depending on what is being counted. The chart below may kŏu family members; household seem overwhelming, but these measure words are very important kuài soap; piece of land; Olympic medals; other things that come in in surviving a Chinese rich, community. hunks, chunks, or lumps; a measure of currency Pinyin Use liàng car; bicycle; wheeled vehicles bă chair, knife, umbrella, toothbrush; objects with handles lún round (of talks, sports) bāo pack of cigarettes; packets of objects pĭ horses; bolt of cloth bēi tea, coffee, cup píng bottles bĕn book, magazine qĭ cases (used for criminal case); batch, group (e.g.: visitors) bù film qún crowd; group (of people); flock (of birds, sheep); swarm (bees); chuàn for items that come in bunches or clusters, e.g.: grapes or ba- herd (animals) nanas shŏu poems chuáng blankets shuāng chopsticks; items that necessarily come in pairs dĭng hats sōu boats; ships dǔ walls tái computers; televisions; radios; other machines duì for items that are paired (but not necessarily so) tào set (of furniture, stamps) fèn newspaper; share; portion; copies tiáo streets; rivers; fish; snakes; other , winding objects fēng letter (written document) tóu domestic animals; head of cattle; mules; other larger animals fù sunglasses person (polite usage) gè general measure word; people zhāng map; bed; table; other flat, rectangular objects gēn bananas; other long, slender objects zhī animal; one of a pair of body parts (hands, feet, ears); earrings; guàn can (of soda or food); jar; tin rings hù homes; households zhī pencil, cigarette, pen; other long, thin objects jiā companies; buildings; households zhī pencil, cigarette, pen; other long, thin objects jià bridge; airplane zuò mountains; bridges; buildings 10 11 Fill in the Blank Use the words in the charts on the last two pages to fill in the blanks and complete the sentences.

1. Wǒ yǒu yī zhuō zi. 11. Yì chuán. I have one table. One ship.

2. Tā yǒu sān qiān bǐ. 12. Tā yǒu qǐ xíngshì ànjiàn. He has three pencils. He has three criminal cases.

3. Nǐ yǒu wǔ shū. 13. Nǐ yǒu liù mǎ. You have five books. You have six horses.

4. Tā hē le yī chá. 14. Nánhái shīqùle sān yáchǐ. She has a cup of tea. The boy lost three of his teeth.

5. Yī gōng ròu. 15. Wǒ xūyào bā zuòyè. A kilo of meat. I need eight copies of the assignment.

6. Tā yǒu liǎng bǐnggān. 16. Dú yī guīzé. She has two cookies. Read the set of rules.

7. Wǒ yíng le yī zìxíng chē. 17. Yǒu liǎng zhāng . I won a bike. There are two beds

8. Sān gǒu. 18. Sì xié. Three dogs. Four pairs of shoes.

9. Sān jiŭ. 19. Yǒu yī rén. Three bottles of wine. There is a group of people.

10. Wǒ diū le yì yàoshi. 20. Yì zhǐ jīn. I lost a key. A package of paper towels

12 13 “To Have And To Have Not”

“Yǒu” (有) is used to talk about having things. The use of “yǒu” Is equivalent to the English use of “have” or “has”.

Structure: [subject] yǒu [object] - “Bù” (不) is used when “yǒu” (have) isn’t in the sentence. “Bù” is Example 1 Example 2 comparable to the English words “not” and “don’t”. Wǒ yǒu yī gè gēgē. Tā yǒu yī zhī gāngbǐ. I have an older brother. She has a pen. Structure: [subject] bù [verb] Example 3 Example 1 Example 2 Tāmen yǒu règǒu. They have hotdogs. Wǒ bù xǐhuan yuǎnzú. Tā bù huì qù. I don’t like hiking. He won’t go.

“Méi” (没) is used in junction with “yǒu” to describe not having Example 3 something. If “yǒu” must be negated, always use “méi”. Nǐ bù néng ràng wǒ. You can’t make me. Structure: [subject] méiyǒu [object]

Example 1 Example 2 Wǒ méiyǒu gǒu. Nǐ méiyǒu ménpiào. I don’t have a dog. You don’t have a ticket. Example 3 Tā méiyǒu diànhuà. He doesn’t have a phone. 14 15 Fill in the Blank

Use either the words “yǒu”, “méiyǒu”, or “bù” to fill in the blanks and complete the sentences.

1. Wǒ diànnǎo. 11. Tāmen diànshì. I don’t have a computer. They don’t have a TV.

2. Nǐ tiānfù. 12. chéng wèntí de. You have a talent. Not a problem.

3. Wǒ yě . 13. Tā lǐyóu. I don’t either She doesn’t have a reason.

4. Bié yánsù. 14. Wǒmen kèrén. Don’t be serious. We have company.

5. Wǒ yě guò. 15. Tā gǎnjué shūfú. I haven’t had any. He doesn’t feel well.

6. Wǒ wèi zhuórè. 16. Wǒ niúnǎi. I’ve got heartburn. I have no more milk.

7. Wǒmen 5 gè rén. 17. Tā xǐhuan māo. We have 5 people. She doesn’t like cats.

8. Tā de tóufǎ yánsè. 18. Nǐ xuǎnzé. Her hair doesn’t have color. You don’t have a choice.

9. Nǐ sǎn ma? 19. Tā kǒuchòu. Do you have an umbrella? He has bad breath.

10. Wǒ tīng dǒng. 20. Wǒ zàihū. I don’t understand. I don’t care.

16 17 Fill in the Blank To Be Use either the words “shì” or “hěn” to fill in the blanks and complete the sentences.

1. Tā fēngzi. The closest comparable Chinese word to the English word “to be” He is mad. is “shì” (是). “Shì” is used to link nouns together. 2. Tā bēibǐ. Structure: [noun] shì [noun] He is despicable.

3. Zhè tā de. Example 1 Example 2 That is hers. Wǒ shì bì yè sheng. Nà shì yī gè níngméng. I am a graduate. That is a lemon. 4. Yǐzi lán sè de. The chair is blue. Example 3 5. Wǒ bàoqiàn. Tā shì wǒ de māmā. I’m very sorry. She is my mom. 6. Wǒ Shenyce. I am Shenyce. “Shì” cannot be used to link adjectives to nouns. To do so, “hěn” ( 很) must be used. 7. Wàimiàn hēi. It’s dark outside. Structure: [noun] hěn [adjective] 8. Tā wǒ de péngyǒu. He is my friend. Example 1 Example 2 Tā hěn ǎi. Wàimiàn hěn lěng. 9. Gǒu máo ruǎn. She is short. It is cold outside. The dog’s hair is soft.

Example 3 10. Dìbǎn āngzāng. The floor is dirty. Bǐnggān hěn hào chī. The cookies are delicious. 18 19 “And...” Answer Key

To link nouns, “hé” (和) will be used. “Hé” is equivalent to the English word “and”. Both “hé” and “and” are used in identical ways to one another. But one major difference is that you can’t link verbs Quantities using “hé”. ­– Fill in the Blank 1. zhāng, 2. zhī, 3. bĕn, 4. bēi, 5. jīn, 6. gè, 7. liàng, 8. tóu, 9. píng, 10. bă, Structure: [subject] hé [object] 11. sōu, 12. qĭ, 13. pĭ, 14. kē, 15. fèn, 16. tào, 17. chuáng, 18. shuāng, 19. qún, 20. bāo

Example 1 “To Have And To Have Not” Wǒ de mèimei hé wǒ. ­– Fill in the Blank My younger sister and I. 1. méiyǒu, 2. yǒu, 3. bù, 4. bù, 5. méiyǒu, 6. yǒu, 7. yǒu, 8. méiyǒu, 9. yǒu, 10. bù, 11. méiyǒu, 12. bù, 13. méiyǒu, 14. yǒu, 15. bù, Example 2 16. méiyǒu, 17. bù, 18. méiyǒu, 19. yǒu, 20. bù Wǒ xǐhuan huāshēngjiàng hé guǒdòng. I like peanut butter and jelly. “To Be” Example 3 ­– Fill in the Blank 1. shì, 2. hěn, 3. shì, 4. shì, 5. hěn, 6. shì, 7. hěn, 8. shì, 9. hěn, 10. hěn Píngguǒ hé júzi shì bùtóng de. Apples and oranges are different.

20 21 I Class Survived of Senior Seminar 2017