Extending Mobile Computer Battery Life Through Energy-Aware Adaptation
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Proceedings of the Linux Symposium
Proceedings of the Linux Symposium Volume One June 27th–30th, 2007 Ottawa, Ontario Canada Contents The Price of Safety: Evaluating IOMMU Performance 9 Ben-Yehuda, Xenidis, Mostrows, Rister, Bruemmer, Van Doorn Linux on Cell Broadband Engine status update 21 Arnd Bergmann Linux Kernel Debugging on Google-sized clusters 29 M. Bligh, M. Desnoyers, & R. Schultz Ltrace Internals 41 Rodrigo Rubira Branco Evaluating effects of cache memory compression on embedded systems 53 Anderson Briglia, Allan Bezerra, Leonid Moiseichuk, & Nitin Gupta ACPI in Linux – Myths vs. Reality 65 Len Brown Cool Hand Linux – Handheld Thermal Extensions 75 Len Brown Asynchronous System Calls 81 Zach Brown Frysk 1, Kernel 0? 87 Andrew Cagney Keeping Kernel Performance from Regressions 93 T. Chen, L. Ananiev, and A. Tikhonov Breaking the Chains—Using LinuxBIOS to Liberate Embedded x86 Processors 103 J. Crouse, M. Jones, & R. Minnich GANESHA, a multi-usage with large cache NFSv4 server 113 P. Deniel, T. Leibovici, & J.-C. Lafoucrière Why Virtualization Fragmentation Sucks 125 Justin M. Forbes A New Network File System is Born: Comparison of SMB2, CIFS, and NFS 131 Steven French Supporting the Allocation of Large Contiguous Regions of Memory 141 Mel Gorman Kernel Scalability—Expanding the Horizon Beyond Fine Grain Locks 153 Corey Gough, Suresh Siddha, & Ken Chen Kdump: Smarter, Easier, Trustier 167 Vivek Goyal Using KVM to run Xen guests without Xen 179 R.A. Harper, A.N. Aliguori & M.D. Day Djprobe—Kernel probing with the smallest overhead 189 M. Hiramatsu and S. Oshima Desktop integration of Bluetooth 201 Marcel Holtmann How virtualization makes power management different 205 Yu Ke Ptrace, Utrace, Uprobes: Lightweight, Dynamic Tracing of User Apps 215 J. -
Container-Based Virtualization for Byte-Addressable NVM Data Storage
2016 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data) Container-Based Virtualization for Byte-Addressable NVM Data Storage Ellis R. Giles Rice University Houston, Texas [email protected] Abstract—Container based virtualization is rapidly growing Storage Class Memory, or SCM, is an exciting new in popularity for cloud deployments and applications as a memory technology with the potential of replacing hard virtualization alternative due to the ease of deployment cou- drives and SSDs as it offers high-speed, byte-addressable pled with high-performance. Emerging byte-addressable, non- volatile memories, commonly called Storage Class Memory or persistence on the main memory bus. Several technologies SCM, technologies are promising both byte-addressability and are currently under research and development, each with dif- persistence near DRAM speeds operating on the main memory ferent performance, durability, and capacity characteristics. bus. These new memory alternatives open up a new realm of These include a ReRAM by Micron and Sony, a slower, but applications that no longer have to rely on slow, block-based very large capacity Phase Change Memory or PCM by Mi- persistence, but can rather operate directly on persistent data using ordinary loads and stores through the cache hierarchy cron and others, and a fast, smaller spin-torque ST-MRAM coupled with transaction techniques. by Everspin. High-speed, byte-addressable persistence will However, SCM presents a new challenge for container-based give rise to new applications that no longer have to rely on applications, which typically access persistent data through slow, block based storage devices and to serialize data for layers of block based file isolation. -
P Palmtop Aper
u.s. $7.95 Publisher's Message ................................ , Letters to the Editor .................................. ~ - E New Third Party Ln Products and Services ............................ .E ..... =Q) HP Palmtop Users Groups ...................... J E :::J User to User ............................................ 1( :z Hal reports on the excitement at the HP Handheld - P Palmtop User's Conference, a new book by David Packard "<t" describing the history of HP, our new 200LXI1000CX Q) loaner p'rogram for developers, the 1995/1996 E Subscnbers PowerDisk and some good software :::J that didn't make it into thePowerDisk, but is on this o issue's ON DISK and CompuServe. > aper PalmtoD Wisdom .................................... 2< Know ~here you stand with your finances; Keep impqrtant information with you, and keep it secure; The best quotes may not tie in the quotes books. Built·in Apps on Vacation: To Africa and Back with the HP Palmtop ....................................... 1E acafTen/ The HP 200LX lielps a couple from Maryland prepare for their dream vacation to Africa. Built·in Apps on Vacation: Editor on Vacation .................................. 2( Even on vacation, Rich Hall, managing editor for The HP Palmtop Paper, finds the Palmtop to be an indispensable companion. AP~ointment Book: ~n ~~l~epP~~'~~~~~~.~~.~~...................... 2~ Appointment Book provides basic prol'ect management already built into the HP Pa mtop. DataBase: Print Your Database in the Format You Want .......................... 3( Create a custom database and print Hout in the for mat you want using the built-in DataBase program and Smart Clip. Lotus 1·2·3 Column: Basic Training for 1-2-3 Users ............... 3~ Attention first-time Lotus users, or those needing a bH of a refresher - get out your HP Palmtop and fonow along with this review of the basics. -
Secure Cloud Storage with Client-Side Encryption Using a Trusted Execution Environment
Secure Cloud Storage with Client-side Encryption using a Trusted Execution Environment Marciano da Rocha1 a, Dalton Cezane´ Gomes Valadares2;4 b, Angelo Perkusich3 c, Kyller Costa Gorgonio4 d, Rodrigo Tomaz Pagno1 e and Newton Carlos Will1 f 1Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Technology, Parana,´ Dois Vizinhos, Brazil 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal Institute of Pernambuco, Caruaru, Brazil 3Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Brazil 4Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Brazil Keywords: Intel SGX, Data Sealing, File Encryption, Confidentiality, Integrity, Secure Storage, Cloud Storage. Abstract: With the evolution of computer systems, the amount of sensitive data to be stored as well as the number of threats on these data grow up, making the data confidentiality increasingly important to computer users. Currently, with devices always connected to the Internet, the use of cloud data storage services has become practical and common, allowing quick access to such data wherever the user is. Such practicality brings with it a concern, precisely the confidentiality of the data which is delivered to third parties for storage. In the home environment, disk encryption tools have gained special attention from users, being used on personal computers and also having native options in some smartphone operating systems. The present work uses the data sealing, feature provided by the Intel Software Guard Extensions (Intel SGX) technology, for file encryption. A virtual file system is created in which applications can store their data, keeping the security guarantees provided by the Intel SGX technology, before send the data to a storage provider. -
Detecting Exploit Code Execution in Loadable Kernel Modules
Detecting Exploit Code Execution in Loadable Kernel Modules HaizhiXu WenliangDu SteveJ.Chapin Systems Assurance Institute Syracuse University 3-114 CST, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA g fhxu02, wedu, chapin @syr.edu Abstract and pointer checks can lead to kernel-level exploits, which can jeopardize the integrity of the running kernel. Inside the In current extensible monolithic operating systems, load- kernel, exploitcode has the privilegeto interceptsystem ser- able kernel modules (LKM) have unrestricted access to vice routines, to modify interrupt handlers, and to overwrite all portions of kernel memory and I/O space. As a result, kernel data. In such cases, the behavior of the entire sys- kernel-module exploitation can jeopardize the integrity of tem may become suspect. the entire system. In this paper, we analyze the threat that Kernel-level protection is different from user space pro- comes from the implicit trust relationship between the oper- tection. Not every application-level protection mechanism ating system kernel and loadable kernel modules. We then can be applied directly to kernel code, because privileges present a specification-directed access monitoring tool— of the kernel environment is different from that of the user HECK, that detects kernel modules for malicious code ex- space. For example, non-executableuser page [21] and non- ecution. Inside the module, HECK prevents code execution executable user stack [29] use virtual memory mapping sup- on the kernel stack and the data sections; on the bound- port for pages and segments, but inside the kernel, a page ary, HECK restricts the module’s access to only those kernel or segment fault can lead to kernel panic. -
DM-Relay - Safe Laptop Mode Via Linux Device Mapper
' $ DM-Relay - Safe Laptop Mode via Linux Device Mapper Study Thesis by cand. inform. Fabian Franz at the Faculty of Informatics Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Frank Bellosa Supervising Research Assistant: Dipl.-Inform. Konrad Miller Day of completion: 04/05/2010 &KIT – Universitat¨ des Landes Baden-Wurttemberg¨ und nationales Forschungszentrum in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft www.kit.edu % I hereby declare that this thesis is my own original work which I created without illegitimate help by others, that I have not used any other sources or resources than the ones indicated and that due acknowledgment is given where reference is made to the work of others. Karlsruhe, April 5th, 2010 Contents Deutsche Zusammenfassung xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Problem Definition . .1 1.2 Objectives . .1 1.3 Methodology . .1 1.4 Contribution . .2 1.5 Thesis Outline . .2 2 Background 3 2.1 Problems of Disk Power Management . .3 2.2 State of the Art . .4 2.3 Summary of this chapter . .8 3 Analysis 9 3.1 Pro and Contra . .9 3.2 A new approach . 13 3.3 Analysis of Proposal . 15 3.4 Summary of this chapter . 17 4 Design 19 4.1 Common problems . 19 4.2 System-Design . 21 4.3 Summary of this chapter . 21 5 Implementation of a dm-module for the Linux kernel 23 5.1 System-Architecture . 24 5.2 Log suitable for Flash-Storage . 28 5.3 Using dm-relay in practice . 31 5.4 Summary of this chapter . 31 vi Contents 6 Evaluation 33 6.1 Methodology . 33 6.2 Benchmarking setup . -
Vnios Deployment on KVM January 2019
Deployment Guide vNIOS deployment on KVM January 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS Overview .............................................................................................................................................. 3 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 3 vNIOS for KVM ................................................................................................................................... 3 vNIOS deployment on KVM ................................................................................................................ 3 Preparing the environment ................................................................................................................. 3 Installing KVM and Bridge utilities ...................................................................................................... 3 Creating various types networks ........................................................................................................ 5 Downloading vNIOS QCOW2 image ................................................................................................. 8 Copying vNIOS qcow2 image .......................................................................................................... 10 Deploying vNIOS with Bridge Networking........................................................................................ 11 Deploying vNIOS through xml file with Bridge Networking ............................................................. -
Unix and Linux System Administration and Shell Programming
Unix and Linux System Administration and Shell Programming Unix and Linux System Administration and Shell Programming version 56 of August 12, 2014 Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 Milo This book includes material from the http://www.osdata.com/ website and the text book on computer programming. Distributed on the honor system. Print and read free for personal, non-profit, and/or educational purposes. If you like the book, you are encouraged to send a donation (U.S dollars) to Milo, PO Box 5237, Balboa Island, California, USA 92662. This is a work in progress. For the most up to date version, visit the website http://www.osdata.com/ and http://www.osdata.com/programming/shell/unixbook.pdf — Please add links from your website or Facebook page. Professors and Teachers: Feel free to take a copy of this PDF and make it available to your class (possibly through your academic website). This way everyone in your class will have the same copy (with the same page numbers) despite my continual updates. Please try to avoid posting it to the public internet (to avoid old copies confusing things) and take it down when the class ends. You can post the same or a newer version for each succeeding class. Please remove old copies after the class ends to prevent confusing the search engines. You can contact me with a specific version number and class end date and I will put it on my website. version 56 page 1 Unix and Linux System Administration and Shell Programming Unix and Linux Administration and Shell Programming chapter 0 This book looks at Unix (and Linux) shell programming and system administration. -
Wearable Technology for Enhanced Security
Communications on Applied Electronics (CAE) – ISSN : 2394-4714 Foundation of Computer Science FCS, New York, USA Volume 5 – No.10, September 2016 – www.caeaccess.org Wearable Technology for Enhanced Security Agbaje M. Olugbenga, PhD Babcock University Department of Computer Science Ogun State, Nigeria ABSTRACT Sproutling. Watches like the Apple Watch, and jewelry such Wearable's comprise of sensors and have computational as Cuff and Ringly. ability. Gadgets such as wristwatches, pens, and glasses with Taking a look at the history of computer generations up to the installed cameras are now available at cheap prices for user to present, we could divide it into three main types: mainframe purchase to monitor or securing themselves. Nigerian faced computing, personal computing, and ubiquitous or pervasive with several kidnapping in schools, homes and abduction for computing[4]. The various divisions is based on the number ransomed collection and other unlawful acts necessitate these of computers per users. The mainframe computing describes reviews. The success of the wearable technology in medical one large computer connected to many users and the second, uses prompted the research into application into security uses. personal computing, as one computer per person while the The method of research is the use of case studies and literature term ubiquitous computing however, was used in 1991 by search. This paper takes a look at the possible applications of Paul Weiser. Weiser depicted a world full of embedded the wearable technology to combat the cases of abduction and sensing technologies to streamline and improve life [5]. kidnapping in Nigeria. Nigeria faced with several kidnapping in schools and homes General Terms are in dire need for solution. -
Scheme of Work 2021-22 Computer Class
Scheme of Work 2021-22 Rev. No: 01 Computer Class: III Date: 9 February 2021 Book: Computer 3 Term: I Periods of week: 2 Total teaching minutes per week: 80 minutes Duration of 1 period: 40 minutes Total Weeks: 17 weeks Week Content Week Content 1st Types of computers 9th Inside the system unit nd th 2 Types of computers 10 Inside the system unit rd th 3 Types of computers 11 Inside the system unit th th 4 Types of computers 12 Inside the system unit 5th Revision 13th Practical: Inside the system unit th th 6 Revision 14 Revision th th 7 Revision 15 Revision 16th 8th Quarterly Test First Term Exam 17th Page 1 of 5 This is a CONTROLLED & CONFIDENTIAL document of “Dr. A. Q. Khan School System”. Its unauthorized disclosure or reproduction shall be liable for prosecution under the copyright act and any other law Daily Lesson Plan (DLP) Session 2021-22 Subject: Computer Term – I Topic: Types of computer Class: III Week: 01 Learning Plan (Methodology) Time Resources Assessment Objectives By the end of this Introduction: Teacher should ask some question related to 40 Book Teacher should Lesson Students computer. min Board assess students by should be able to: Development: computer asking of: After reading the lesson teacher should tell them about four different Tell or explain main types of computer. questions about 1. Micro computer: These are most smallest and common computer computers. It is also called personal computer. These are types used in homes, school and colleges etc. these computers are divided into three types. -
Instant OS Updates Via Userspace Checkpoint-And
Instant OS Updates via Userspace Checkpoint-and-Restart Sanidhya Kashyap, Changwoo Min, Byoungyoung Lee, and Taesoo Kim, Georgia Institute of Technology; Pavel Emelyanov, CRIU and Odin, Inc. https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc16/technical-sessions/presentation/kashyap This paper is included in the Proceedings of the 2016 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC ’16). June 22–24, 2016 • Denver, CO, USA 978-1-931971-30-0 Open access to the Proceedings of the 2016 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC ’16) is sponsored by USENIX. Instant OS Updates via Userspace Checkpoint-and-Restart Sanidhya Kashyap Changwoo Min Byoungyoung Lee Taesoo Kim Pavel Emelyanov† Georgia Institute of Technology †CRIU & Odin, Inc. # errors # lines Abstract 50 1000K 40 100K In recent years, operating systems have become increas- 10K 30 1K 20 ingly complex and thus more prone to security and per- 100 formance issues. Accordingly, system updates to address 10 10 these issues have become more frequently available and 0 1 increasingly important. To complete such updates, users 3.13.0-x 3.16.0-x 3.19.0-x May 2014 must reboot their systems, resulting in unavoidable down- build/diff errors #layout errors Jun 2015 time and further loss of the states of running applications. #static local errors #num lines++ We present KUP, a practical OS update mechanism that Figure 1: Limitation of dynamic kernel hot-patching using employs a userspace checkpoint-and-restart mechanism, kpatch. Only two successful updates (3.13.0.32 34 and → which uses an optimized data structure for checkpoint- 3.19.0.20 21) out of 23 Ubuntu kernel package releases. -
Classification of Computer
Department Of Business Administration Dr. Rakesh Ranjan BBA Sem -2 Classification of Computer Generally, computers can be divided into 3 types. 1. Analog Computers 2. Digital Computers 3. Hybrid Computers ANALOG COMPUTERS : In this type of computers, numerical magnitudes are represented by physical quantities such as electric current, voltage, or resistance, mechanical movements, etc. These are machines which are designed to perform arithmetical functions upon numbers where the numbers are represented by physical quantity. Analog computers are widely used in manufacturing units where temperatures, pressure or flow of liquids are to be monitored continuously. It is also used at petrol pump where petrol pump contains an analog processor that connects fuel flow measurements into quantity and price values. Among the various drawbacks of using Analog computers are: They do not have the ability to store data in large quantities; They do not have the logical facilities; They can perform only arithmetical functions but are more costlier. DIGITAL COMPUTERS : A digital computer operates on data in the form of digits, rather than the physical quantities used in analog computers. That is, its input must be discrete rather than continuous and may consist of combinations of numbers, characters and special symbols, written in appropriate programming language. Digital computers can be classified into two parts: General Purpose Digital Computers They are also known as all purpose digital computers. Theoretically they can be used for any type of applications, e.g., computers that are used for payroll, graphs, analysis, etc. Special Purpose Digital Computers A digital computer is 'designed to solve problems of a restricted type.