Membership in the American Penstemon Society is $10.00 a year for US & Canada. Overseas membership is $15.00, which includes 10 free selections from the Seed Exchange. US life membership is $200.00. Dues are payable in January of each year. Checks or money orders, in US funds only please, are payable to the American Penstemon Society and may be sent to: Dwayne Dickerson, Membership Secretary 600 South Cherry Street, Suite 27, Denver, CO 80246 USA
Elective Officers President: Louise Parsons, 1915 SE Stone Street, Corvallis, OR 97333–1832 Vice‐President: Bill King, 1564 Wasatch Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 Membership Secretary: Dwayne Dickerson, 600 S. Cherry Street, Suite 27, Denver, CO 80246 Treasurer: Steve Hoitink, 3016 East 14th Ave, Spokane, WA 99202 Robins Coordinator: Ginny Maffitt, 265 SE Sunset Blvd, Sherwood, OR 97140 Executive Board: Jill Pitman, Mews Cottage 34 Easton St., Portland, Dorset, DT5 1BT, United Kingdom Ann Bartlett, 1569 South Holland, Lakewood, CO 80232 Bob McFarlane, 5609 South Locust Street, Greenwood Village, CO 80111 Appointive Officers Director of Seed Exchange: Bob McFarlane, 5609 S. Locust St., Greenwood Village, CO 80111 Editor: Dr. Dale Lindgren, Univ. of NE West Central Center, 461 West University Drive, North Platte, NE 69101 Custodian of Slide Collection: Ellen Wilde, 110 Calle Pinonero, Sante Fe, NM 87505 Registrar of Cultivars/Hybrids: Dr. Dale Lindgren, Univ. of NE West Central Center, 461 West University Drive, North Platte, NE 69101 Librarian: Ellen Wilde, 110 Calle Pinonero, Sante Fe, NM 87505
Robins & Robin Directors
A. Executive/Directors Louise Parsons (formerly #1 & #13) B. Cross Country Betty Davenport (formerly #6 & #7) C. Cross Country Ellen Wilde (remains #3) D. Small Penstemon Ramona Osburn (formerly #8) F. Cross Country Shirley Backman (formerly #11) G. International Jack Ferreri (formerly #16) H. Cross Country/Intl Graham Ware (formerly #20)
The American Penstemon Society is a non‐profit unincorporated plant society dedicated to the advancement of knowledge about penstemons, their introduction into cultivation, and the development of new and improved cultivars. The Bulletin of the American Penstemon Society is published in January and July. Bulk postage is paid in Denver, Colorado.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN PENSTEMON SOCIETY
Volume 65 Number 2 August 2006
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Message from the President 2 by Louise Parsons Sixty Years: A Look Back 6 by Dale Lindgren APS 2006 -Annual Meeting Registration 8 by Louise Parsons Penstemon Serendipity 18 by Sally J. Boyson The APS Seed Exchange: Report for 2005, APS Seed Exchange. 24 Announcement of 2006 Program by Bob and Phoebe McFarlane Correspondence 26 by Louise Parsons 2006 Membership Listing of the American Penstemon Society 34 by Dwayne Dickerson
Covers: Front: Penstemon colony from Sally Boyson’s Garden, Denver, CO See page 18 (photo by Sally Boyson) Back: Penstemon baccharifolius, Austin, Texas (Photo by Dale Lindgren)
Message from the President by Louise Parsons, Corvallis, OR
Greetings to Penstemon-People Everywhere:
“Arizona Spring” was a welcome break, especially when there was quite a bit of winter left to endure in so many areas. Even with the drought, we enjoyed penstemons displayed in the botanic gardens. The meeting started with breakfast at the Desert Botanical Garden in Phoenix. In the wildflower garden we found Penstemon parryi, pseudospectabilis, eatonii, and palmeri in bloom, thanks to judicious watering. As you can imagine during such a drought year, cactus and succulents were stars of the show. Reminding us of the seriousness of the drought, even those were showing signs of strain. Fortunately there has been subsequent relief. APS librarian Ellen Wilde brought along an extra set of Bulletins to Arizona for the care of yours truly ---and for future APS presidents of course. How wonderful it would be to scan this treasure-trove of information and APS history and thus make it more accessible. As an inspiration, the Scottish Rock Garden Club has placed their entire collection of bulletins on a CD available to members. Even with a document-feed scanner, this is a rainy-day project for sure. The APS collection contains the earliest mimeographed bulletins. Though they are in remarkable condition, they won’t last forever. After a guided tour and some leisure time, we all made our way to Tucson for our evening meeting at Tohono Chul Park. The park gardens were enchanting and we enjoyed both a guided tour and an ethnobotany talk that featured edible plants of the desert. Tohono Chul Park volunteers went all out to serve us a tasty and colorful dinner of desert foods. We were provided with a nice booklet of recipes for all of the wholesome and delicious dishes. I have found that you can substitute ingredients in areas where such delicacies as cactus buds aren’t available. The evening’s “Desert Rats on Holiday” talk by Marcia Tatroe, richly-illustrated with Randy’s photography, was pure enjoyment. What a perfect combination of keen botanical knowledge and entertaining observations. Randy and Marcia should definitely be on the speaker’s circuit. The Arizona- Sonora Desert Museum in Tucson was absolutely tops. Again in spite of the drought, there was an amazing array of interesting plants and animals. Our docent-guide, Doris Manning, shared her remarkable knowledge. Doris has been studying Arizona plants and is involved in local field studies. Now she has become a penstemaniac and I hope that we will see her in Idaho! I had a very beautiful and rewarding time on two whirlwind scouting trips to Idaho in late June and early July. Up at 4:00 am each day to stalk the wild penstemons! There is nothing quite like sunrise on Borah Peak, though wisely I did not negotiate “Chicken Out Ridge” to reach the summit! Special thanks to Ginny Maffitt and Dwayne Dickerson, who also made central Idaho scouting trips. This is an area unparalleled in both mountain beauty and diversity of wildflowers, including about a dozen penstemon species. I have created an “Idaho Preview” webpage at penstemon.org and we will be adding to it regularly. With dramatic elevation changes, flowers are sometimes scattered. Because of the bloom patterns and scouting results, we have moved the meeting dates to around the 22 to 24 of June in ‘07. (Details will be forthcoming.) The greater number of penstemon species bloom at lower (and more accessible) elevations at this time. Mackay is, alas, not big enough to hold us, so we are changing the locale a little to center in the Stanley-Ketchum area, where there are more choices for meeting facilities and for accommodations. If you plan to attend the Idaho ‘07 annual meeting, you might want to consider allowing extra time to explore. There are some areas that can’t accommodate a larger group, but which are still accessible and lend themselves to visits by smaller groups. Pass Creek Summit out of Mackay and Leslie is one such gorgeous area. However access is a one-way road with small turnouts –very passable, but not suitable for a large car caravan. For the active and adventuresome, the Sawtooths and Lost River Range are wonderful
for backpacking. In the latter half of June, the weather is lovely. Because the busy season begins with 4th of July weekend, we will beat most of the tourists. Over two million tourists visit the Sawtooths and central Idaho during July and August. There is still some snow in places in June, but plenty of dry areas as well. To my delight, Dr. Andrea Wolfe will be able to speak to us on June 24th and bring us up-to-date on her exciting penstemon research. According to an informal, online page, “Wikipedia”, the genus Penstemon has now been placed by some botanists in the vastly expanded family Plantaginaceae instead of the traditional Scrophulariaceae. It will be interesting to hear “the scoop” on all of the new relationships and evolutionary surprises in the genus, wherever it “belongs”. Don’t forget that APS has a website at www.penstemon.org All ideas are welcome. However, please continue to send articles and notes to the APS Bulletin. Although it does not replace the Bulletin, the APS website is a good place for short informal notes and photos. It serves as an important outreach to the international Internet community. I have been working on getting the site more exposure by informing garden groups such as the Hardy Plant Societies of our existence. We are gradually being added to links and now have a better position for search engines. I am still finding our old address on garden and other penstemon websites, so please, all, help us to correct it. Eric Gouda of the Utrecht University Botanic Gardens has created a new site for penstemon pictures. Join Penstemon-L and you can easily upload pictures to the FloraPix site. A page of penstemon “thumbnails” is maintained. When you click on an image, a larger version will open up. You can select a percentage size for viewing to save connect time. To join the Penstemon-L discussion list, write to me at
Sixty Years: A Look Back by Dale Lindgren
This year, the American Penstemon Society has been organized for 60 years. The first bulletins of the APS, Issues I and II, were published in 1946. Articles in these 1946 issues discuss the original goals and organization of the Society while others discuss penstemon species, growing penstemons and. technical issues. Six articles from the 1946 issues of the Bulletin of the APS have been reprinted below. I hope that this gives current members of the APS an opportunity to see how this organization started and how far we have come in 60 years. Some things have changed, some have not.
Message from the President (Bulletin #1, 1946, pages 1-3) Ralph W. Bennett May 27, 1946
The American Penstemon Society has grown at a surprising rate. Started only last December, with eleven members, it has grown in five months to over seventy members. These seventy are not just passive members; each one has promised to grow penstemons in the garden and to report in writing twice a year on the performance of the plants. With reports from seventy gardeners twice a year we should have a mass of data from which really worth-while, authoritative conclusions can be drawn. And we have in the society the persons with knowledge necessary to evaluate these data and draw the conclusions. We have most of the foremost authorities on penstemons in the society. The founders of this society believe they can say truthfully that this is the only horticultural society in the country, perhaps in the world, all the members of which are working actively for the advancement of the plant family which is the subject of interest. In addition to making semi-annual reports, the members are going to cooperate in the exchange of seeds. Those living in the same state, so they will not violate plant quarantine regulations, will exchange plants. Many members have volunteered to grow species assigned to them, to see how they behave in different areas. The society will do what it can to straighten out the nomenclature of species where they need it. It will take a strong effort to include nurserymen to be sure to send out correctly labeled seeds and plants. One man who belongs to a number of horticultural societies has said that the structure and method of operation of the Penstemon Society may well serve as a model for other societies. It was the opinion of the founders that the members should be kept constantly in touch with one another, and that the only way to do this is by correspondence regularly conducted. Accordingly, the members are grouped into correspondence circles of twelve members each. Most circles cover a definite section of the country which has similar problems. There are advanced circles and beginners’ circles. Each circle has a director, in most cases an experienced grower of penstemons. The advanced circles will discuss the problems of their region and try to work out the answers. Members in all sections of the country are making test beds and growing penstemon in all kinds of soil, trying to settle some of the puzzling conflicts between the writings of the authorities which exist in the literature at present and to fill in the gaps in the literature. The advanced members will also draw conclusions from the data collected in the semi-annual reports and try to draw up authoritative rules for the culture of penstemons. The beginners’ circles will at first learn how to grow penstemons and then will try out the best species and help with their reports to settle the questions. Even the beginners are starting to experiment with test beds. A coordinator of the robin circles reads all the correspondence once in each round and extracts all points of general interest. Those points are published in mimeographed bulletins, which go to all the members. In this way any information of general interest brought out in any circle is made available to all the members within a short time. The directors of the robin circles have a circle of their own, which also keeps the circles in touch with one another, so that each know at all times what the others are doing. The society has already published a tentative manual on penstemons. The first section, 73 pages, discusses the literature on penstemon culture, brings together under each subject all the writings up to the present time, and draws conclusions to what is probably the correct procedure if the writers are in conflict. It covers all features of penstemons culture. Where there is no conflict in the literature, the manual sorts out the recommended procedure as agreed to be correct. The recommendations culminate in a formula for maximum success with penstemons, concurred on by many of the most experienced growers in the society.
In the second half of the manual, 94 pages, are contained brief but comprehensive descriptions of all but one or two species mentioned by the leading writers (all found by the author), with an evaluation of their garden value, advice as to garden culture, and places where they can be had. Those descriptions bring together in brief form the remarks of practically all the authorities. The supply of the first half of the manual, published when no one thought the society would grow so large, is nearly exhausted. There are still a few copies of the second half. When these are given out, new members will have to depend on getting information through the robin circles or by borrowing a manual from some other member. The society had distributed to all its members a list of the most promising species of penstemons, which it recommends to everyone for trial. There are enough copies of this list for any number of members. If beginners will make their choice from among the species with the highest recommendations, it is believed that they will be spared the disappointment that may come from selecting species too difficult for beginners. This fall the society will hold a seed exchange which, it is believed, will be an event of importance to penstemon lovers. It is our purpose as far as possible to put into the hands of all persons interested in penstemons seeds of the species which offer the most promise, for testing in their gardens. There are over two hundred species of penstemons described in the literature. Only one quarter of them are available to gardeners. It is one purpose of the Penstemon Society to encourage the collection of other species, so that gardeners may enjoy them. With few exceptions they are all desirable, and some will surely prove to be outstanding of those not yet available. The descriptions of them in our manual, taken from such authorities as Dr. Pennell and Dr. Rydberg, make us anxious to get hold of as many as we can and as soon as we can. Several members who live in the penstmons country have promised to make trips over the mountains in their locality looking for penstemon seeds this summer. Other volunteers are requested. Dr. Carl Worth, Groton, New York, an experienced collector of penstemons, is planning to make a seed-collecting trip through the western mountains this summer. He hopes to collect seeds of from twenty to fifty species not now available. Those of us who want to try new kinds are excited over the prospect of so many new ones coming into cultivation. The society has no funds of its own with which to finance such an expedition, so the trip cannot be financed as a society project. It must be conducted by Dr. Worth as his own private project, supported by voluntary contributions. No one is asked to subscribe, but those who are anxious to see new species made available are offered the opportunity to get a share of the penstemons seeds for a subscription of as low as five dollars. The more subscriptions, the longer the trip will last and the more seeds will be collected. The longer the trip, the more each individual subscribing member will get eventually, because we will naturally begin to exchange seeds as soon as the new ones produce blooming plants, and it is only natural to suppose that the first exchanges of seeds will be among the subscribing members. The present policy of the directors of the society is to have no annual dues, but to finance any projects by voluntary subscription. The receipts from the manual have taken care of the expenses of the secretary so far. When the supply of the manual runs out, we shall have to discuss the advisability of having a small annual fee. Such an active society as this cannot run without a little money. Membership in this society is obtained, not in the usual way, by the payment of dues, but by signing an enrollment blank in which the person promises to grow penstemons and report in writing twice a year on their performance. This report need not be in technical language and should not frighten any prospective member. Persons who are not already members will find an enrollment blank on the last page of this bulletin. The society welcomes into its membership flower lovers who know nothing about penstemons now, but wish to learn about them and help make them popular. Beginners’ circles of robin correspondence will give the beginners a place to learn about penstemons without leaving their homes.
Hybridizing Penstemon (Bulletin #1, 1946, Pages 15-16) by Fred Fate, Columbia, MO
Hybridizing is a nice hobby for plant lovers. If you are successful, you have created something new in the world, that wouldn’t have existed without your efforts. If we don’t want to go to the work of hybridizing, we might look for better specimens of the species and raise seedlings from them, selecting out the better ones. If this can be carried out through several generations, some good results are bound to come. To hybridize, I would advise beginners to use two species that are very much alike, as P. grandiflorus and P. murrayanus, or P. digitalis and P. laevigatus. A good idea is to have each in an 8-inch flower pot and bring it in the house or greenhouse away from bees and humming birds, though it can be done outside. If they do not bloom at the same time, you can help that by restricting the light to the early one (set it in the dark at 5 p.m. and take it out at 8 a.m.) or exposing the later one to more light. Three hours under a strong electric light will work wonders. If you pull the corolla off a penstemon, the stamens come with it, but this exposes the pistil to drying out. It is better to make a small hook of fine wire and pull the anthers off the stamens before the pollen is shed. Cover the flower, if outside, and watch the flowers of the pollen parent. As soon as the pollen is shed, take a stamen out and tap the anther on the stigma of the pistil of the seed parent plant. Cover the flower and repeat the process the next day. Cross the plants the other way too, as sometimes they will cross only one way. Sometimes you have to take a knife blade and open the anther to get the pollen out. You don’t need much seed of the first cross. Don’t be surprised if the seedlings all look like one of the parents. Set these in a block where they will cross-pollinate each other and save as much seed as you can, as this is the important generation. What is known as segregation takes place in the second generation and you will have every possible combination of characteristics of the two species. Discard all but the very best. These can be propagated by cuttings. Sometimes new or strange forms appear in hybrids, unlike either parent. It’s an interesting subject; and, once started, you won’t want to quit.
Happenings of the Last Six Months in the Amercian Penstemon Society (Bulletin #2, 1946, pages 1-3) by Ralph Bennett
Our first bulletin was published on May 27th of this year. Only six months have elapsed since this, but we have already accomplished nearly all of the things that were spoken of then as objectives for the future. You must all have wondered whether the members would carry out their promise to make reports on the behavior of penstemons in their gardens. I am pleased to say that all those who have been growing penstemons for a long enough time to make reporting on them worth while have done so. Thus the first objective of the society – to get reports from its members on plant behavior – has been accomplished. These reports are on file with the secretary, where they are available for consultation by anyone interested. They have been abstracted and consolidated, and the information brought out is published in this number of the bulletin. The second objective mentioned at the time of our first bulletin – to straighten out the nomenclature – has been accomplished through the kindness of Dr. Pennell. He was generous enough to give up two and a half days of his valuable time going over the specimens in his herbarium with our secretary and informing him for the benefit of the society on the latest classification of species. The secretary has typed off a supplement to our manual embodying this information and made one copy available to each director
of a robin circle. It is thus available for any member on request to the director of his or her circle. All the confusion that existed in the past has been eliminated. We now have a definite name for each species, with no alternative names to confuse us. In May we hope that some of our members in the western states would make trips into the mountains after penstemons. This hope had been realized. In the last round of the Western Robin four members reported that they had made such trips. Some had good luck and brought in seeds or plants and some had poor luck due to weather conditions. Mrs. Renton had the best luck. She brought in fifteen kinds of penstemons on one trip. Several other members brought in smaller numbers. Seeds of these will be available for distribution next fall. The thanks of the society are due to these members for helping to make new species available. We were all looking forward to the results of Dr. Worth's collecting trip. In spite of extremely unfavorable conditions for collecting, because of an unusually dry season, the results must be gratifying to all who subscribed to the expedition. Fifty-four lots of seed were collected, comprising approximately thirty different species. The exact number will not be known until we confirm the identification of some of these which were not in condition to make identification certain. Among these collections are some really outstanding species. Those of us who subscribed to this expedition should remember that acquiring seeds in this manner is entirely different from sending money to a seedsman who merely had to go out in the nursery field and gather the seeds. The collector of new species has to first know where to go to find the desirable kinds, and then has to go through all the steps involved in climbing over the mountains and collecting the seeds. In addition, he has to spend weary hours trying to identify the seeds from plants which no longer have flowers on them. He must know enough about penstemons to avoid collecting the same mediocre species over and over. When after going through all these operations he makes thirty different species available for only five dollars, surely no one can say that he has not received his money's worth. These thirty species are not all new ones, but if only half a dozen of them should be outstanding new species, the expedition would be worth while, for it is easy to appreciate that one really spectacular species could be worth any number of mediocre ones. A hasty count of the species collected reveals about fifteen species not now generally available, and some of them are exceptionally good. If we were buying them from a seedsman at 25 cents a packet, we would get 20 packets for five dollars. Here we are getting nearly that many and don't have to pay anything extra for all the hiking, hunting, sleeping in bus stations for lack of accommodations, etc., involved in making these new species available. Mrs. Rowntree is offering 18 kinds of seed, about 10 of which are of kinds not being grown or of which seed are not now offered for exchange and which therefore are not obtainable generally within our society. Mrs. Marriage is offering quite a collection of plants, including about seven of which seed are not available. Mr. Rose has about half a dozen kinds not available anywhere else at present. If we add the 15 new kinds brought in by Dr. Worth to the 85 now being grown, we will have a total of 100 kinds to start the new year with. We hope that those brought in by our other members will prove to include a few more new ones. It is assumed that some of our members will buy all of the new kinds offered by nurseries, and will have seeds to exchange within a few years. If our members will all do their best to distribute seed of the rare kinds that they have, we can all look forward in two years to have at least one hundred and twenty species available to choose from. I think anyone will agree that this is a pretty good accomplishment for the first year of the new Penstemon Society.
Factors Affecting the Color of Flowers (Bulletin #2, 1946, page 54) by Claude Barr
The question of soil reaction in respect to its effect on color of flowers is one which will not be soon settled, I am of the opinion. In P. angustifolius I have repeatedly observed a greater tendency to an infusion of muddy pinks and purples in periods of unusual rainfall. Here the evidence would be against acid, as the rain effects a dilution of the average alkalinity in the rooting depth and a carrying downward, the alkali being returned toward the surface in capillary water as dry weather comes. I think that the amount of sunshine may have a bearing too. In the past May, a lot of uncertain colors showed up where I have usually found the best blue color. Then with steady sunshine and lessening moisture supply in June, the latter part of the season showed better average color. If light has an effect, and it may well have, the two effects, rainfall and light, are hardly separable outside a laboratory. In P. glaber, color seems to be largely a matter of strain. The poorest color I have even seen, not only indefinite blues with purple blotching with fair uniformity but with muddiness included, grow in crevices, in full sun, in a stone which is fairly soft, apparently a lime-cemented silt, and that analyzes 6% calcium. The poor colors have continued in plants moved to my strongly potash-bearing soil in which lime is also present. The best blues, those of most and pure tone, occur in a typical limestone region, and it seems to make no difference whether the plant is in a crevice of the limestone or in subsoil thrown up in a road grade containing scattered limestone rubble. This form also has held its good color in my garden, even through at least three generations of seedlings. Color in P. eriantherus seems to be affected in still a different way. It is at its loveliest in the wild, in the company of competing prairie vegetation. When dwarfed by scanty moisture, its color is a warm- toned lavender. There is a tradition on the Plains that some plants need hard conditions to be happy and consequently do not behave well in gardens. Never yet have I been able to grow P. eriantherus in the garden, in the identical soil and in the identical spot in which it formerly grew wild, without having it become ranker, coarser stemmed, taller, with the usually compact columns of blossom separated into clusters by longer internodes and most of the joy driven out of the color by a depressing accession of blue. Is it soil reaction in this case? I can't figure it that way.
Flower Color (Bulletin #2, 1946, page 54-55) by Ralph Bennett I listened to an interesting lecture on flower colors by Dr. Matlack, a chemist in the Dept. of Agriculture. It may help to understand the mysterious shifting of blues to pink to know, as Dr. Matlack brought out, that blue and pink, though very different to our vision, are very much alike in chemistry. They are determined by chemical pigments which have a rather unstable nature. The least little variation in chemical environment is apt to change the substance which produces the sensation of blue into the substance which produces the sensation of pink. The two substances have only a very slight difference chemically. So whenever the natural color of flowers of a certain species is blue, don't be shocked to find some of them in pink. It occurs in Lobelia syphilitica and, I think, in Gentiana andrewski. Certainly it occurs in Mertensia and Pulmonaria. When you read about Mrs. Bangs finding a colony of P. angustifolius with pink flowers, don't shake your head and mutter in your beard. It was not so startling; and, if she had brought some of those plants into her garden, they might have reverted to blue. I have never heard of pink-flowered plants changing to blue, but no doubt that could happen. Curiously enough, acid will make some unstable flowers blue and alkali will make them pink, but with others it will work just the opposite. So we have to know our flowers.
A Review of the Progress Of The American Penstemon Society In Its First Year (Bulletin #2, 1946, page 62) by Ralph Bennett
It will enable us to think more clearly of the progress made in this first year of life of the Penstemon Society if we set it out in the form of a tabulation. The important steps were as follows:
1. Organization of the original round robin circle No. 1. 2. Formation of the society, with 11 members. 3. The achievement of the necessary publicity through magazine articles and Mrs. Fischer's radio program. 4. First seed exchange, starting the original members off in their first full year of membership with a good collection of species. 5. Publication of the Manual. 6. Graduation of many of the members of Circle 1 into directors of newly formed circles. 7. Decision of the American Rock Garden Society to put out a special number on penstemons. This was not just an accident. 8. Enlistment of the active help of the experts, like Dr. Pennell. 9. Straightening out of confusion in nomenclature by the aid of Dr. Pennell and his wonderful herbarium collection. 10. Dr. Worth's seed-collecting expedition in July of this year, bringing into cultivation some of the very top rank of penstemon species which and hitherto have been unavailable. 11. The seed exchange this fall, which distributed 45 species of seeds and gave every member a collection of seeds suited to his or her particular abilities and garden facilities. 12. The reports on plant behavior, which, when consolidated and published in this bulletin, constitute a body of information that should be invaluable in the growing of penstemons. 13. The compilation of the inventory of species now being grown and by whom, which will make it possible for our members to enter into direct negotiations for the acquiring of particular species from particular members. 14. The publication of this bulletin, which, bringing together in one document a great mass of information brought out by our members in the past year, is almost an encyclopedia on penstemons.
Not a bad record for one year!
Penstemon Serendipity By Sally J. Boyson, Denver, Colorado
I must start with a thank you to Panayoti Kelaidis, the wonderful plantsman who came by to see my “hybrid storm” of penstemons, as he put it, in 2004. He said he had never seen anything like it and encouraged me to write the phenomenon up for The Bulletin of the American Penstemon Society. Panayoti also encouraged me to send seed to the American Penstemon Society seed exchange, which I did in 2004 and 2005, so some of 'Sally's Surprise' hybrids, as I have come to call them (and as they were listed in 2005), should be blooming in other gardens in 2006. The seed was listed in 2004 as P. strictus x grandiflorus x barbatus 'Elfin Pink' x smallii; or the same, plus P. barbatus 'Schooley's Yellow' (from donor #19).
When I was recruited to move from Philadelphia to Denver in 1986, the little bungalow I bought came with a front (east) grass lawn being sucked dry by two enormous Colorado blue spruce trees, a south yard that was being invaded by a patch of some obnoxious oxalis, and a back yard that had “possibilities”. I had never heard of a penstemon, much less seen one, although I had gardened since I was a child. I immediately set to work planting some favorite plants of my childhood and then lots of other luscious plants to make this city yard into a garden, section by section, as I had done with my small East Coast gardens. Most of these luscious plants, of course, proceeded to struggle and die-especially those near the huge spruce trees. New friends took me hiking in the mountains and I met penstemons! Of course I met other pretty flowers, too, but I was fascinated by those Rocky Mountain penstemons with their purple-into-blue shaded flowers. I loved to walk to the Denver Botanic Gardens, just a mile away, where the Rock Alpine Garden was my favorite place to visit. I soaked in their information and resolved to become a good water citizen. In 1988, out went the sloping lawn and in went tiers and “xeriscaping” (well, close to it) under and around those huge spruce trees that gave my home character and shade. Several specimens of P. barbatus 'Elfin Pink' and P. strictus were planted in 1988. I added some pale P. grandiflorus and one light pink P. smallii (originally in a trough, then moved under the spruce) in the next few years, all in the front yard, around and under those huge spruce trees. It was a gradual realization that my brood was growing and that the original plants were no longer among them. Although the parents had started in various areas around both spruce trees, my new penstemons were growing just outside the skirt and along the path under the less-thirsty spruce. I loved all the new colors and combinations. I started taking the seedheads of the desirable hybrids and shaking them around in various other areas, while deadheading those I deemed not so special. I have never killed off any of the plants on purpose. A new colony started back by the patio from those shaken seeds. When I chanced upon a P. barbatus 'Schooley's Yellow' at a nursery, I added it to the patio colony. It lasted only two years, but I believe it passed its genes along to a lovely pale-pink hybrid. I believe this because first, the new penstemon arose just next to where the 'Schooley's Yellow' had been, and second, it was the only one whose seeds I have ever carefully collected and grown into plants in pots. Almost all of the offspring that survived have the orange-red, narrow trumpets similar to P. barbatus. Only one offspring came with the larger, rounded pale pink flowers I was seeking. (For the Penstemon Society's 2004 seed exchange, I collected the seeds from the original pale pink separately (donor #19; hybrid listed with 'Schooley's Yellow' as parent); this plant unfortunately perished after at least 6 years and 2 transplantations. The first-listed donation was combined from all penstemons around the front spruce.) Each Spring I have eagerly awaited the blooming of new offspring and the return of some other favorites. There is a pale lavender-flowered hybrid in the middle of the stone path that has bloomed as late as October for many years. There is a deep magenta that is a wonderful color, although the flowers are not large. Other colors range from pale pink to magenta, dark eggplant and blue-purple to lavenders and almost light blues. Some are shaded in color, some have striped throats, some are short (10") or tall (36"), and some look almost, but not quite, like one original parent. I have lavender shark's heads and the whole range of colors of large frilly flowers, “large frilly” being shorthand for a larger, more P. grandiflorus-type flower with long extensions of the lower “Alip”. The leaves are almost uniform: opposite, long, and narrow. The hybrids are very long-lived, with some present for at least 8 years and some individual plants 2 feet across. It does seem to be that the largest plants have the less-showy flowers, because either the plant devotes more energy to the plant than the flowers, or, perhaps, the fact that these plants have been deadheaded regularly. By now there are many dozens, perhaps 100, separate hybrid plants, mostly around the same spruce, but also now growing in a gravel-mulched berm that eventually took the place of the dreaded oxalis, in a perennial bed, by the back fence, and even in the parking strip. Of course they come up in the paths!
The pollinators I see most are bumblebees and sphinx moths. (Although hummingbirds visit my agastaches at the end of summer, I have never seen them arrive in Spring or even pollinate the Fall rebloomers, but I have been selecting against the red-orange they would prefer.) I believe the pollinators have been helping to divide the flowers into large frilly and “shark's head” populations, although I do prefer and selectively scatter seed from the former. I have watched bumblebees go after every blooming penstemon but only make it into the medium and large frillies, being frustrated by the barbatus-like entrances nearby. The larger frilly lower lips also provide better landing strips for the bumblebees. I cannot attest to what, precisely, the sphinx moths are visiting at night, but surely they can make it into the shark's head flowers, if not all of them. For whatever combination of reasons, the large frillies are getting larger and frillier. I have never attempted any hybridization myself, but I do select which seeds to scatter. The seeds also show heterogeneity that I noticed as I cleaned them this Fall. Most are a medium brown, with a few very black ones. At first I thought perhaps that only the black ones were viable, but then I noticed that all of the seeds looked plump. The seed that was collected from groups of plants (e.g., “short frilly pastels”) had a mix of mostly brown and some black, but in the plants whose seeds were collected individually, some were mixed, some were all brown, and one, collected from a pink frilly nearest the original P. smallii with a smallii-type branching pattern of the flowers, had all black seed. So it seems that one original parent had black seed. I have been unable to confirm which one, but I have ruled out P. grandiflorus. The orange-red of the P. barbatus has almost disappeared from the hybrid swarm and the “large frillies” are getting larger, with longer lower lips, as the years go by. Light pink has persisted and light lavender is becoming more common, presumably from both the P. grandiflorus and the P. smallii, because I have scattered more of the pastel seed. The passage of so many years (17 by 2005) has allowed just about all characteristics to have become independent, as I have a group of plants as short as the 'Elfin Pink' in all colors of large frilly flowers. In 2004 a new color of flower appeared, an eggplant shade with a striped lower lip that is not very elongated or reflexed. This flower is not very attractive to me because it is not large and frilly, but I allowed it to go to seed because it is new. My neighbors do not grow penstemons, so the source of this color remains a mystery. To what do I attribute the success of this “hybrid swarm”? I believe this hybridization has progressed to this degree because the plants are so long-lived, and, by now, because there are so many of them. The genetic diversity is huge and remains so because I do not cull out the “less desirable”. Although I do not scatter these seeds, and thus tilt the balance toward the ones I like, I still allow those flowers to participate in pollination. For their longevity, I would have to give a large helping of credit to those huge spruce trees, particularly their effects on the soil. Colorado blue spruce are not native to the Denver area (they prefer the cooler, wetter mountains), so they require special care, especially at 80 years old. They are watered at least twice a week during irrigation season and every 3-4 weeks in the Fall and Winter. I formerly used soaker hoses, carefully laid out among the penstemons and elsewhere, but for the last 2 years I have had Netafim tubing, with precision emitters spaced every 12 inches, throughout the entire yard. No matter how much irrigation, rain, or snow falls on my sandy loam, it never stays saturated for very long because of those spruce roots. I believe it is the combination of regular watering and fast absorption of that water that has helped these penstemons to be so long-lived. (This is true for other plants, e.g., a supposedly short-lived perennial Digitalis grandiflora in their midst that is 17 yrs old.) The ones growing near the sandstone path or at the edge of the concrete walk are the happiest of all- water, drainage and stone, hooray! I believe the spruce roots also improve the tilth of the soil. When I dig in various parts of my yard, I notice that this is the easiest soil to plant in, always friable and easy to work between the larger roots.
The soil is also largely undisturbed (and uncompacted) and likely has a healthy system of mycorrhizae and bacteria established. The spruce duff, with cones retained, also appears to contribute to the penstemons' cheerful survival. The needles provide excellent mulch for the soil without holding wetness at the crowns-almost like gravel. The needles and the slowly-rotting cones also provide a good home for seedlings that come up by the hundreds each Spring, often appearing shortly after a late snowfall. Some cones, which hold more water than do the needles, are completely surrounded by seedlings at first. Seedlings also come up along the path stones and in the open shade at the edges of the Cotoneaster horizontalis nearby. I have tried to thin out and save more of these seedlings by transplanting elsewhere in the yard. Not many survive, possibly because I am moving them into new areas that are less favorable. I do not coddle the seedlings that remain and, in the end, perhaps a dozen new plants will survive to bloom in the second year. Once they are established, however, they are very long-lived, particularly the ones that stay at home around that one spruce tree. And now things are changing again . . . I added a proper rock garden with 150 new plants to the west yard in 2003. P. alpinus, californicus, cobaea, coloradoensis, hallii, hirsutus, procerus v. procerus, and richardsonii have all been added to the rock garden. In 2005 P. tubaeflorus and P. pseudospectabilis joined the berm group, but it is too early to say if they will participate. In 2005, several new hybrids bloomed in the gravel berm halfway between the spruce and the rock garden, including a large-flowered blue with terminal flowers that was not P. cobaea, but seems obviously to have had it as a parent. One especially intriguing hybrid arose below the site of a P. californicus that bloomed in 2003, but did not survive its first Winter in the berm. This was my only hybrid that had short (1") narrow green leaves that alternated in pairs, in form like P. californicus but true green and longer, and unlike the straps of my usual hybrids. The flowers were a stunning, shaded rosy- lavender not very dissimilar in size and shape from P. californicus, although the lower lip was wider. The entire plant appears to have been killed by this challenging Fall-Winter (alternating very warm, very cold), but I am hoping to be proven wrong this Spring. In 2005 there also appeared a strong large frilly with bicolor red shading into blue-purple (unimaginatively known as '2005 Best Blue'), along with two other large frillies, one light lavender and one just a bit more blue than that (photographs). A fairly large, rounded shark's-head shaped lavender also appeared that is unusual for how fat it is, yet how recessed and reflexed is the lower lip. So it goes, each year with new surprises in color and form. I am hoping that anyone who received seed that results in beautiful or unusual flowers will email a photo to me at [email protected]. Although these hybrids are truly Nature's children, I am invested in them as their guardian.
THE APS SEED EXCHANGE. REPORT FOR 2005 APS SEED EXCHANGE ANNOUNCEMENT OF 2006 PROGRAM
Many thanks to all of you who contributed seed to the Exchange last year. Your contributions were greatly appreciated. Unfortunately, our seed exchange participation was down about 50% from 2004. We had donations from 16 members and filled orders from 62 members. Many of our members list the Seed Exchange as one of the major reasons they have for being a member, yet less than 5% of our members contributed seed and only about 20% purchased seed. We really need to improve our participation if this activity is to remain a meaningful activity of our organization. Surely there are more than 5% of us who have access to penstemon seed and could contribute. We probably need to advertise the seed exchange more, particularly in the early summer and fall when we are all more apt to be thinking about collecting seed. In 2004 we wrote a large number of letters to donors, potential donors, previous donors and nurseries. That seemed to help but it wasn’t repeated for the 2005 season. In terms of revenues and costs, we collected $395 and incurred expenses of $224, a net gain of $171. Major expenses this year were glassine envelopes ($132) and postage ($31). Phoebe and I will be handling the Seed Exchange again this year and invite all of you to participate. It is easy and fun to collect seed. It takes a little time to separate them from the chaff, and all contributions are most welcome. Just put the cleaned seed into a glassine or plastic envelope, label it as best you can with name, location found and send it by December 1 to: BOB AND PHOEBE MCFARLANE, 5609 S. LOCUST ST., GREENWOOD VILLAGE, CO 80111
For questions you may wish to consult the informative article by Jim Swayne in the Summer 2002 APS Bulletin. It outlines the history and uses of the Exchange as well as tips on how to collect, clean and submit the seed. You may also contact us at 303-740-8110 or [email protected].
We seem to have few new contributors each year. The same group has been keeping this activity going for many years and the number of different species of seed contributed remains fairly constant. This may be one of the reasons that the number of users has declined. For example, we only had one order for P. strictus last year. We need more species from areas other than the Northwest. We have very few species from the South or Southwest. We have only a limited number of species from the Rocky Mountains and the Great Basin. We have almost nothing from the east or Canada. Please help us to keep this activity healthy and strong.
Bob and Phoebe McFarlane
Correspondence
Impressive Grow List of Penstemons from Czechoslovakia from Louise Parsons, APS President The Czechs have a long tradition of world-class rock and specialty gardens, so it may come as no surprise that an incredible variety of penstemons are grown there. In conjunction, I must mention an event that is not to be missed. The 1st Czech International Rock Garden Conference is scheduled for 3 - 6 May 2007 in Beroun, a beautiful town 18 km west of Prague. For full details, visit http://soldanella.cz/conference/ Early registration deadline is 30 October, so if you are interested, be sure to visit this page soon. One of many especially attractive features of this meeting is the numerous bus tour loops scheduled for garden visits. In May I would imagine that a great number of rock garden penstemons would be in full bloom. Klub Skalnickaru Praha, Ceska Republika (KSP), also known as The Rock Garden Club Prague, Czech Republic (RGCP), has an extensive seed list. Last year’s seed list had 45 penstemon choices! I want to share with you all the following notes from Czechoslovakia –Louise
From: Jaroslav Klima To: Louise Parsons Subject: Penstemon Determination
I badly need your help. Two pictures of a Penstemon I grow from APS Seed Exchange are attached. Believe me or not we had plenty of snow this winter and melting snow washed the name off my label. Could you, please, help me with determination of this species? I have scanned all APS Bulletins I have and have not seen it. With all best greetings, From: Louise Parsons To: Jaroslav Klima Subject: Re: Penstemon Determination
Greetings from Oregon, Jaroslav. It looks like Penstemon whippleanus (section Humiles), native to eastern Idaho, southern Montana, and parts of Wyoming, Utah, and Arizona. Your plants look very healthy, so you know well how to grow it! The pictures are very nice. Would you mind if I posted them on the APS website? All the best, Louise Parsons
From: Jaroslav Klima To: Louise Parsons Subject: Re: Penstemon Determination
Dear Louise, Thank you very much for your prompt answer and confirmation of the species name. It is pleasant for me to hear you would use my photos for APS website. We grow this Penstemon in peat and sand, 1:1, in deep pots and the plants are set to the garden two years old. We do not use any weather protection, the plants are grown in full sun on south slope of our garden. We live in a village Doln Pěna (Low Foam) which is a part of the Czech Canada region. The name was developed from huge number of maples growing here and painting our Autumn to red and yellow colour. We have about 800 mm of precipitation a year. Soil is acid here as we are on granite. The country as a whole is full of forests and ponds at an elevation of 500 m above sea level. Winter temperatures drop to - 30 C from time to time. We have usually 50 cm of snow. I attach a list of the all the Penstemons we have tested here. Most of them were grown from seeds I obtained from my friends in your country. We are trying to grow Penstemons since 1972 when I got Penstemon rupicola 'Humilior' from Jack Drake - a Scottish famous nurseryman. Not all are happy with us but one never knows before trial. If you were interested I could send you a CD with about 90 snaps of our tested Penstemons. Of course the photos are not of the best quality in many cases. When scanning them you could correct my mistakes and if there were anything interesting you could use it in APS activities. Wishing you every success in growing season Sincerely, Jarda.
Grow List (Editor’s Note: List has not been modified from author’s correspondence).
Penstemon abietinus Penstemon acaulis v. yampaensis Penstemon acuminatus v. acuminatus Penstemon acuminatus v. latebracteatus Penstemon alamosensis
Penstemon albertinus Penstemon albidus Penstemon alpinus Penstemon ambiguus Penstemon amphorellae Penstemon angustifolius Penstemon angustifolius caudatus Penstemon angustifolius v. vernalensis Penstemon arenicola Penstemon aridus Penstemon arkansanus Penstemon attenuatus Penstemon auriberbis Penstemon azureus Penstemon barbatus Penstemon barbatus 'Coccineus' Penstemon barbatus praecox nanus 'Rondo' Penstemon barrettiae Penstemon barrettiae x P. rupicola Penstemon brandegei Penstemon breviculus Penstemon bridgesii Penstemon buckleyi Penstemon caespitosus Penstemon caespitosus v. desertipicti Penstemon caespitosus v. perbrevis Penstemon calycosus Penstemon campanulatus Penstemon campanulatus pulchellus Penstemon campanulatus v.campanulatus Penstemon canescens Penstemon cardwellii Penstemon cardwellii 'John Bacher' Penstemon carnosus Penstemon caryi Penstemon cinicola Penstemon clutei Penstemon cobaea Penstemon cobaea v. purpureus Penstemon cocinnus Penstemon coloradensis Penstemon comarrhenus Penstemon compactus Penstemon confertus Penstemon crandallii Penstemon crandallii ssp. glabrescens Penstemon cristatus Penstemon cyananthus v. cyananthus Penstemon cyananthus v. compactus
Penstemon cyaneus Penstemon cyanocaulis Penstemon cyathophorus Penstemon davidsonii menziesii Penstemon davidsonii v. menziesii 'Microphyllus' Penstemon davidsonii v. praeteritus dwarf fm. Penstemon davidsonii v.davidsonii Penstemon deaveri Penstemon deustus Penstemon deustus v.deustus Penstemon digitalis 'Husker Red' Penstemon digitalis 'Rachels Dance' Penstemon diphyllus Penstemon discolor Penstemon dolius v. duchesnensis Penstemon duchesnensis Penstemon eatonii Penstemon ellipticus Penstemon eriantherus Penstemon eriantherus v. eriantherus Penstemon eriantherus v. whitedii Penstemon euglaucus Penstemon flavescens Penstemon 'Flathead Lake' Penstemon floridus v. austinii Penstemon franklinii Penstemon fremontii Penstemon frutescens Penstemon fruticosus ex 'Holly' Penstemon fruticosus scouleri 'Albus' Penstemon fruticosus ssp.serratus Penstemon fruticosus v. scouleri Penstemon gairdneri Penstemon gairdneri v. gairdneri Penstemon glaber Penstemon glandulosus Penstemon glandulosus v. chelanensis Penstemon globosus Penstemon gormanii Penstemon gracilis Penstemon gracilis 'Dwarf' Penstemon grandiflorus Penstemon griffinii Penstemon hallii Penstemon harbourii Penstemon hartwegii 'Tubular Bells Red' Penstemon hartwegii 'Tubular Bells Rose' Penstemon heterodoxus Penstemon heterophyllus 'Blue Springs'
Penstemon heterophyllus 'Zurichblau' Penstemon hirsutus pygmaeus Penstemon hirsutus pygmaeus 'Albus' Penstemon humilis Penstemon humilis v. humilis Penstemon humilis v. brevifolius Penstemon isophyllus Penstemon jamesii Penstemon janishiae Penstemon kunthii Penstemon laetus Penstemon lanceolatus Penstemon laricifolius ssp. laricifolius Penstemon laxus Penstemon leiophyllus Penstemon lemhiensis Penstemon lentus Penstemon leonardii Penstemon linarioides Penstemon linarioides v. coloradoensis Penstemon linarioides v. sileri Penstemon lyallii Penstemon mensarum Penstemon montanus Penstemon montanus albus Penstemon montanus v. montanus Penstemon murrayanus Penstemon nanus Penstemon nemorosus Penstemon newberryi Penstemon newberryi 'Red Lassen Form' Penstemon newberryi ssp. newberryi Penstemon nitidus Penstemon nudiflorus Penstemon oliganthus Penstemon ophianthus Penstemon ovatus Penstemon pachyphyllus Penstemon pachyphyllus or mucronatus Penstemon pallidus Penstemon palmerii v. palmerii Penstemon parvulus Penstemon paysoniorum Penstemon peckii Penstemon pennelianus Penstemon petiolatus Penstemon pinatifida Penstemon pinifolius Penstemon pinifolius compactus
Penstemon pinifolius 'Mersea Yellow' Penstemon 'Prairie Snow' Penstemon primuloides Penstemon procerus Penstemon procerus ssp. brachyanthus Penstemon procerus ssp. formosus Penstemon procerus v. tolmiei Penstemon pruinosus Penstemon pulchellus Penstemon pumilus Penstemon purpusii Penstemon 'Puyallup Pink' Penstemon rattanii Penstemon 'Red Rocks' Penstemon richardsonii Penstemon richardsonii v. richardsonii Penstemon roezlii Penstemon rostriflorus Penstemon rupicola Penstemon rupicola alba Penstemon rupicola 'Diamond Lace' Penstemon rupicola 'Pink Holly' Penstemon rupicola red Penstemon rupicola rose Penstemon rydbergii Penstemon 'Saskatoon Hybr.' Penstemon scapoides Penstemon scariosus ssp. garrettii Penstemon scouleri Penstemon scouleri album Penstemon scouleri 'White Manitou' Penstemon secundiflorus Penstemon serotinus Penstemon serrulatus Penstemon serrulatus albus Penstemon 'Scharf Hybrid' Penstemon 'Six Hills' Penstemon smallii Penstemon sp. Penstemon spatulatus Penstemon speciosus Penstemon speciosus v. kennedyi Penstemon stenophyllus Penstemon strictus Penstemon subglaber Penstemon subulatus Penstemon teucrioides Penstemon thompsoniae ssp. jaegeri Penstemon tiehmii
Penstemon tolmiei 'Pink' Penstemon tubaeflorus Penstemon utahensis Penstemon venustus Penstemon virens Penstemon virgatus arizonicus Penstemon virgatus arizonicus 'Blue Buckle' Penstemon virgatus arizonicus dwarf Penstemon washingtonensis Penstemon watsonii Penstemon whippleanus Penstemon whippleanus (yellow) Penstemon wilcoxii Penstemon wislizenii Penstemon wrightii Penstemon x 'Holly' Penstemon x mexicali Penstemon x 'Pink Holly' Penstemon x rupicola 'Carol' Penstemon x saskatoon hybr. Penstemon yampaensis
2006 Membership Listing of the American Penstemon Society
Acton, Mike, 109 Broad Lane South, Wolverhampton, Midlands, WVII 388, ENGLAND Alanko, Randy, PO Box 69, Baker City, OR, 97814 Amason, Carl R., P.O. Box 164, Calion, AR, 71724 Amoss, Pamela, 7567 Old Bridge Road, Leavenworth, WA, 98826 Anderson, Dorothy, Ashey Coombe Ashley, Tiverton, Devon, EX16 5PA, ENGLAND Andrews, Laura, PO Box 235, Greenview, CA, 96037 Arnold, Mary Beth, 16235 E. 18th Place, Aurora, CO, 80011 Axton, Jeanette, Box 177, 316 Island Road, Etna, CA, 96027 Backman, Mr. & Mrs. Carl W., 1335 Hoge Road, Reno, NV, 89506-7826 Backus, Nell, 241 Bayview St, Sequim, WA, 98382 Baker, Charles, 445 SW 1st Ct, Cedaredge, CO, 81413-3912 Baker, Pat, 1115 Davis Ranch Rd Rist Canyon, Bellvue, CO, 80512 Bargman, Byrd, HC 78 # 6, Llaves, NM, 87027 Barnett III, Donald, 47 Louis Nelson Rd., Pueblo, CO, 81001 Bartlett, Ann and Dick, 1569 South Holland Court, Lakewood, CO, 80232 Bayly, Ed, 69768 Highway 237, Cove, OR, 97824 Beard, Michael, PO Box 473, Mendocino, CA, 95460-0473 Becker, Donna, 927 Ellston Street, Colorado Springs, CO, 80907 Benes, Ivo, Bestvina 102, Posttcode 53845, CZECH REPUBLIC Bentzin, David, 5844 So. Prescott St, Littleton, CO, 80120 Bertrand, Steve, 3036 Gilmore Ave, Ionia, IA, 50645 Bills, Judy, 9015 Lexington Ave NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87112
Birks, H. John, U. Bergen Bot Inst. Allegaten 41, N5007, Bergen, NORWAY Bisbee, Fredrick, 180 Whitehurst Rd, Smyrna, NC, 28579 Bjork, Ingemar, Radstuguvagen 2, S141 35, Huddinge, SWEDEN Bjornstad, Kurt, 3 Strom Terrasse 7, N3046 Drammen, NORWAY Boge, Dallas, 10735 NW Thornburg Rd, Gales Creek, OR, 97117-9387 Bottomley, Forrest, 1332 Sunset Loop, Lafayette, CA, 94549 Boyd, Virginia, 6 Maya Lane, Los Alamos, NM, 87544-3822 Boyson, Sally, 765 Jackson St, Denver, CO, 80206-4045 Braun, Paul, 15 Sanders Dr, Florence, KY, 41042 Brawner, Mikl, 4795 N 26th St, Boulder, CO, 80301 Bricks, Barbara, 32 Elmwood Dr, Kennett Square, PA, 19348 Brobst, Robert, 24583 Chris Drive, Evergreen, CO, 80439 Brunner, Kathryn, 10015 E Caley Pl, Englewood, CO, 80111 Buckner, David, 1077 S. Cherryvale, Boulder, CO, 80303 Burrows, Aubrey, 284 CR 130, Sweetwater, TX, 79556 Caicco, Steve, 5025 Sleepy Hollow Dr, Reno, NV, 89502 Camus, Gerard, 2 Impasse du Plat-d'Etain, 45430, Checy, FRANCE Capen, Diane, P.O. Box 566, Rye, CO, 81069 Case, Jr., Fred, 7275 Thornapple Lane, Saginaw, MI, 48609 Cassidy, Margaret, PO Box 519, Tabernash, CO, 80478 Chafin, Gary, PO Box 593, Heathsville, VA, 22473 Chambers, Marilynn, 955 South Cayuga, Pueblo West, CO, 81007 Charlesworth, Geoffrey, 235 Walker Street, Apt 160, Lenox, MA, 01240 Choate, Diane, PO Box 3190, Evergreen, CO, 80437 Clawsen, Susan, 1872 Yalecrest Ave, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108 Clearwater, Bob and Gail Carlson, 121 Fern Place, Fairfield Bay, AR, 72088-4507 Coker, Carol, 4515 N Sinai Dr, Pasco, WA, 99301 Cole, Leslie, 1217 NW 199th St, Edmond, OK, 73003 Corbin, Beth, P.O. Box 332, Huntsville, UT, 84317 Corns, Monya, 5013 Switchgrass Ct, Ft. Collins, CO, 80525 Coyne, Alasdair & Lauren, P.O. Box 1523, Ojai, CA, 93024 Crooks, Lida, 1568 Eagle Ridge Ct NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87122 Crossan, JoAnn, RR4 Site 1, Comp C1, Matson Rd, Terrace, BC, V86 2V2, CANADA Cunningham, Mary, 25761 Deertrail Dr, Tehachapi, CA, 93561 Cunningham, Maureen, 5163 N. Backwater Ave, Boise, ID, 83714 Curtis, Henry, 2626 W. Curtis Rd, Tucson, AZ, 85705 Curtis, Lee, 1620 S. Parfet Ct, Lakewood, CO, 80232 Curtis, Ty, 4500 N. Prince, Clovis, NM, 88101 Dalpiaz, Mark, C2 Nassichuk Rd RR3, Powell River, BC, V8A 5C1, CANADA Dalsing, Tim, 550 North 420 West, American Fork, UT, 84003 Daly, Jean, Box 21, Big Horn, WY, 82833-0021 D'Anneo, Francesca, 7 Mariano Road, Santa Fe, NM, 87508 Delphey, Craig, 15011 NE 190th St, Woodinville, WA, 98072 Deutsch, Ray, 2903 Mc Garvey Ave, Redwood City, CA, 94061-1234 Devine, Karen, 2407 Oak Hill St, Sierra Vista, AZ, 85650 Dickerson, Dwayne, 600 S. Cherry St Suite 127, Denver, CO, 80246 Driscoll, Tom, 3885 N. Magnetite Lane, Tucson, AZ, 85745-9166 Dubas, Harry, 117 So. 25th St, Ord, NE, 68862-1205 Dunne, Karen, 7346 South Milwaukee Way, Centennial, CO, 80232 Ebrahimi, Christine, 3400 Tahoma St, Columbia City, OR, 97018 Ekstrom, Nicolas H., 419 East 75th Street, New York, NY, 10021
Eltzroth, Rita, 2244 County Road 1A, Cotopaxi, CO, 81223 Emig, Lura, 1878 Demorest Rd, Columbus, OH, 43228-3426 Emmons, Lou, 7805 Tryon Grove Rd, Richmond, IL, 60071 Enever, Audrey, PO Box 770239, Steamboat Springs, CO, 80477 English, Marguerite, 12350 Yucca Rd, Descanso, CA, 91916 Ensor, Patti, 25700 Ziemer Road N., Davenport, WA, 99122 Evans, Michael, PO Box 1152, Saratoga, WY, 82331 Feldman, Merle, 21043 Highway 47, Yamhill, OR, 97148 Fellner, Fred, RR #1, Vermillion, AB, T9X 1Y6, CANADA Fernald, Elaine, PO Box 623, Mt. Desert, ME, 04660-0623 Ferrell, Edith & William, 4091 East Third Street, Tucson, AZ, 85711-1901 Ferrell-Ingram, Karen, 140 Willow Rd, Bishop, CA, 93514-7169 Ferris, Elaine, 5622 Velvet Valley Rd, Flagstaff, AZ, 86004-8542 Fischer, Tom, 3505 SE Ankeny St, Portland, OR, 97214 Fix, Barbara, 610 Alicia, Santa Fe, NM, 87505 Ford, John, 1702 Boxwood Dr, Blacksburg, VA, 24060-1907 Francis-Erhard, Doris, 38 Tano Alto, Santa Fe, NM, 87506 Frische, Scott, 927 W. Sahuaro Dr, Phoenix, AZ, 85029 Garden, Horticulture, Red Butte, 285 Connor St, Salt Lake City, UT, 84113 Gears, Janet, 117 Holmley Lane, Dronfield, nr. Sheffield, S18 2HQ, ENGLAND Geer, Susan, 704 Main Ave, La Grande, OR, 97850 Gibbens, Jason, 498 East 400 South, Manti, UT, 84642-1719 Gilchrist, Kate, Rook Hill Monk Sherborne, Tadley, Hamps, RG26 5HL, ENGLAND Gilliam, Tommie, 7411 East Old Ritchie Rd., Lead Hill, AR, 72644 Glick, Barry, HC67 Box 539B, Renick, WV, 24966 Glickman, Krista, 1488 Summit Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94708-2215 Glover, Edward, 503 Johns St, Mount Horeb, WI, 53572 Godleski, Dr. Edward S., 2231 Elandon Dr., Cleveland Heights, OH, 44106 Goroff, Dr. Iza W. 8114 Nature Drive, Whitewater, WI, 53190-4451 Gossett, Gary, 10051 S. Macksburg Rd, Canby, OR, 97013 Gouda, E. J., Univ. Botanic Garden, PO Box 80162, NL 3508 TD, Utrecht, NETHERLANDS Graboski, Mike, 26242 Wolverine Tr, Evergreen, CO, 80439 Grant, John C. S., 345 Elm Street, Rocky Hill, CT, 06067-2318 Gras, Roger, PO Box 1066, Wolfforth, TX, 79382-1066 Gray, Bill, 666 9th Ave, Salt Lake City, UT, 84103 Gregory, Milton, PO Box 1219, Sun City, AZ, 85372-1219 Grisso, Ryan, 609 El Centro Rd, El Sobrante, CA, 94803 Guenterberg, Glenn and Patrice, 10387 Totem Run, Littleton, CO, 80125 Guggolz, Betty, 1123 Palomino Rd, Cloverdale, CA, 95425 Habbel, Steve, 977 Sexton Rd, Howell, MI, 48843 Hafferman, Clare, 1337 3rd St. W., Kalispell, MT, 59901-4212 Hall, Betty, 1625 Hermosa #35, Grand Junction, CO, 81506 Halligan, Pat, PO Box 489, Freeland, WA, 98249 Hamernik, Harlan, Bluebird Nursery, 519 Bryant St, Clarkson, NE, 68629 Haneke, Jan, 2164 S. Gull Cove Ave, Meridian, ID, 83642 Haney, Donald and Denise, 483 E 1800 S, Orem, UT, 84058 Harlow, Pamela, 4012 Corliss Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98103 Harris, Roy, Woodlands Huddisford, Woolsery, Bideford, Devonsh., EX39 5QX, ENGLAND Hartzell, Cynthia, 6755 N. Bader Rd, Flagstaff, AZ, 86001 Hayduk, Sarah and Duke, 7 East at Black Locust, Bluff, UT, 84512 Haygood, Tamara, 1807 Marshall St, Houston, TX, 77098
Healey, F. Patrick, Box 6, Belmont, Manitoba, ROK OC0, CANADA Hegel, Fred, 6861 E. Baker Place, Denver, CO, 80224 Hirsbrunner, Liselotte, Chalet L'Imprevu 721, CH1885, Chesieres, SWITZERLAND Hitchmough, Professor James, 19 Carr Road, Walkley, South Yorkshire, S6 2WY Hitt, Sam, 48 Old Galisteo Way, Santa Fe, NM, 87508 Hoitink, Mr. & Mrs. Steve, 3016 East 14th Avenue, Spokane, WA, 99202 Holmgren, Drs. Noel & Patricia, 20 Heritage Cove, Logan, UT, 84321 Holtrop, Mathilde, 7015 Amber Way, Placerville, CA, 95667 Hood, Dr. John, 155 Cunningham Drive, Giffnock, Glascow, GA6 6EW, SCOTLAND Horgan, Karen, 4320 Knollwood Dr, Emmaus, PA, 18049-4529 Horvath, Brent, 10702 Seaman Rd, Hebron, IL, 60034 Hubbard, John, 10 Urraca Lane, Santa Fe, NM, 87506 Huber, Andy, 1809 26th St #56, La Grande, OR, 97850 Huesca, Robert, 232 E. Fair Oakes Pl, San Antonio, TX, 78209 Humphrey, Donald W., 251 Sanbridge Circle, Worthington, OH, 43085 Hurst, Dale, 5301 Tioga St, Duluth, MI, 55804 Hutchings M. D., Roger, 201 Mariposa Terrace, Medford, OR, 97504 Irwin, Bobbie, 62600 Jeremy Rd, Montrose, CO, 81401 Jacobus, John, 200 East 66th St, Apt D 1606, New York, NY, 10021 Jonas, Richard, 2100 East 2700 South, Salt Lake City, UT, 84109 Jones, Dr. Ellyn, 1384 Meridian Road, Victor, MT, 59875 Joyner, David, 3356 So. Plaza Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84109 Kelaidis, Gwen and Panayoti, 1244 S. Quince St, Denver, CO, 80231 Kell, David, 3215 East Medlock Dr., Phoenix, AZ, 85018 Kennedy, Jerry and Bonnie, 4995 Shady Island Rd, Mound, MN, 55364 King, Cathy and Bill, 1564 Wasatch Dr, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108 Kipping, Theodore, 257 Joost Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94131 Klett, Dr. James, 2424 Leghorn Drive, Ft. Collins, CO, 80526-1471 Klima, Jaroslav, Dolni Pena 20, 37701, J Hradec, CZECH REPUBLIC Knopf, Jim, 320 Hollyberry Lane, Boulder, CO, 80305 Kohli, Jean-Pierre, 29 Chode Bellevue, CH 1005, Lausanne, SWITZERLAND Komodore, Mary & Kosta, 25298 Foothills Drive North, Golden, CO, 80401-8540 Koontz, John, 1006 Westview Ct, Lafayette, CO, 80026 Kopecky, Norm, PO Box 801, Sioux Falls, SD, 57101-0801 Koresko, Lucia, 303 Straub Rd, Rochester, NY, 14626 Kottas, Kay, PO Box 830915 Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583 Kramer, Andrea, 465 Green Bay Rd, Highland Park, IL, 60035 Kratz, Andrew, PO Box 280986, Lakewood, CO, 80228 Kulbacki, James, 1055 West 6th St, Cheyenne, WY, 82007 Ladendorf, Sandra & Ray,74 Paseo Hermoso, Salinas, CA, 93908-9167 Lance, Rebecca, PO Box 4050, Sonora, CA, 95370 Larson, Deanna, 8605 360th St, No. Branch, MN, 55056 Latil, Jean Luis, Le Maupas, 5300, Lazer, FRANCE Lawton, Tim, 4922 Alamo Mine Trail, Las Cruces, NM, 88011 Lee, John, 85 Breakleys Rd, Desborough, Ketter, Northants, NN14 2PT, ENGLAND Lehman, Donna and Chuck, 313 Ash St, Denver, CO, 80220 Lenkoski, Peter, 15 Penny Place, Wethersfield, CT, 06109-4022 Leon, Claire, PO Box 400, Story, WY, 82842 Lewis, Lowell Baumunk and Barbara, 10918 N. Sunshine Dr, Littleton, CO, 80125 Library, Albert Mann Serials Unit/Acq, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853 Library, Berry Botanic Gardens, 11505 SW Summerville Ave, Portland, OR, 97219
Library, Botan. Research Texas Inst., 509 Pecan St., Ft Worth, TX, 76102-4060 Library, Brooklyn Botanic Gardens, 1000 Washington Ave, Brooklyn, NY, 11225 Library, Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL, 60022 Library, Cox Arbotetum Associates, 6733 Springboro Pike, Dayton, OH, 45449 Library, Denver Botanic Gardens, 909 York Street, Denver, CO, 80206-3799 Library, Dyck Arboretum Library, 177 W Hickory St, Hesston, KS, 67062-2093 Library, Flagstaff Arboretum; (C. Casey), 4001 S. Woody Mt Road, Flagstaff, AZ, 86001 Library, Henry Foundation, Box 7 801 Stony Lane, Gladwyne, PA, 19035-0007 Library Longwood Gardens, PO Box 501, Kennett Square, PA, 19348-0501 Library, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299 Library, Montreal Botanic Garden, 4101 Sherbrooke St, Montreal, Quebec, H1X 2B2, CANADA Library, Rancho Santa Ana Bot. Garden, 1500 No. College Ave, Claremont, CA, 91711 Library, San Francisco Bot Garden Soc, 9th Ave/ Lincoln Way, San Francisco, CA, 94122 Library, Santa Fe Botanic Gardens, 110 Calle Pinonero, Santa Fe, NM, 87505 Library, Santa Fe Botanic Gardens, 110 Calle Pinonero, Santa Fe, NM, 87505 Library, The Library of Congress, Exchange and Gifts Div., Washington, DC, 20540 Library, The RHS Garden, Wisley, Woking, Surrey, GU23 6QB, ENGLAND Library, USDA Room 002, Records, 10301 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD, 20705 Lindgren, Dr. Dale T. and Joanne, 9202 Maloney Dr, North Platte, NE, 69101 Lipmann, Freda, 201 E 17th St, Apt 23B, New York City, NY, 10003 Lobo, Roberta, 2710 Ohio St, Glenburn, ME, 04401-1088 Lochbaum, Karen, 1613 Iris St., Broomfield, CO, 80020 Lodewick, Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth, 2526 University St., Eugene, OR, 97403 Lopez, Nancy D., 45 Azul Loop El Dorado, Santa Fe, NM, 87505 Love, Stephen, Aberdeen RE Center, PO Box 870, Aberdeen, ID, 83210 Lunn, Mr. & Mrs. Jay & Ann, 6620 NW 27 1st Avenue, Hillsboro, OR, 97124 Lynch, Mary, 2690 NW Oakcrest Dr, Issaquah, WA, 98027 MacMillan, Hugh, 1367 Cathedral Rock Dr, Sedalia, CO, 80135 Maerz, Georg, Postfach 150308, D70076, Stuttgart, GERMANY Maffitt, Virginia, 15329 SW Sunset Blvd, Sherwood, OR, 97140 Magrath, Dr. Larry, 416 S. 13th St, Chickasha, OK, 73018-3131 Magyar, Sandra, 337 Bruning Rd, New Hartford, CT, 06057-2527 Maier, Laura, 930 Bonnie Brae, Walla Walla, WA, 99362 Mannering, Linda, 1800 N. 98th St, Lincoln, NE, 68505 Manning, Doris, 5790 North Placita Esplendora, Tucson, AZ, 85718-4570 Marsch, Connie, 1261 Cemetery Rd, Sunnyside, WA, 98944-9006 Mathews, Jennifer, 203 Meadowood Ln, San Antonio, TX, 78216 Mazella, Angela & John, 10617 N. Sharps Rd., Prescott, AZ, 86305-1503 McCullough, David and Susan, 5185 S. Clarkson St, Greenwood Village, CO, 80121 McFarlane, Robert and Phoebe, 5609 S Locust St, Greenwood Village, CO, 80111 McLeod, Thomas, 79 St. Johns Road, Slough, Berkshire, SL2 5EZ, Meijles, Ronald, Nieuwveens Jaagpad 93, 2441 GA, Nieuwveen, NETHERLANDS Menter, Elaine and Bob, 4 Red Fox Lane, Greenwood Village, CO, 80111 Miles, Modene, 620 State St, PO Box 907, Lyle, WA, 98635 Miller, Joyce, 901 SE 208th Ave, Gresham, OR, 97030-2229 Miller, Nathan, 1308 E. 9th St, Newberg, OR, 97132 Mizyn, Anna, 10 Paroldise St, Omemee, Ontario, K0L 2W0, CANADA Morgan, Heather, Meadow View, Hanging Landford, Salisbury, Wilts., SP3 4NW, ENGLAND Morgan, Stephen, 5325 Brighton Dr, Riverside, CA, 92504 Moser, Charles, 9615 Carmody Rd, Watervliet, MI, 49098 Mrowka, Rob, 4261 Lily Glen Ct, N. Las Vegas, NV, 89032-3099
Muller, Jeanne, 15165 Daniel St, Caldwell, ID, 83607 Mussulman, Lydia, 99 Dartmouth Street, Bangor, ME, 04401 Myrick, Val & Jack, 20475 W. Walnut, Sonora, CA, 95370-9039 Nelson, David, W 337 Riverwood Dr, Richland, WA, 99352 Newland, Elaine, 26850 SW, Pete's Mt Road, West Lynn, OR, 97068 Nichol, Liz, 3730 Wind Dance Lane, Colorado Springs, CO, 80906 Nitsche, Roland, Hauptstrasse 237, A2231, Strasshof/Nb, AUSTRIA Nitschke, Kenneth, 1071 S. Acaule Ln, Midland, MI, 48640 Norris, Gerald B., 1090 Bank St., Painesville, OH, 44077 O'Dell, Ken, 11485 W 303rd St, Paola, KS, 66071 Ogden, Lauren & Scott, 2455 Stonecrest Drive, Ft Collins, CO, 80521 Oksanen, Christine, 45 Moberly Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M4C 4A9, CANADA Olds, Doug and Jean, 63490 Hamehook Rd, Bend, OR, 97701 O'Neill, Kelly, 1950 Yolanda Ave, Springfield, OR, 97477 Osburn, Mrs. Ramona, 1325 Wagon Trail Drive, Jacksonville, OR, 97530 Oswald, Linda, 1827 Princeton Ave, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108 Ottersberg, Jeff, 433 Park Drive, Pueblo, CO, 81005-1134 Owens, Larry, 4303 224th St E, Spanaway, WA, 98387-6942 Parr, John, 1507 Sycamore Dr, Kennesaw, GA, 30152-3315 Parsons, Louise, 1915 SE Stone St, Corvallis, OR, 97333-1832 Pate, Darlene, 300 E. Fulton St, Mount Vernon, WA, 98273 Patin, Patrick, 1795 Westside Rd, Healdsburg, CA, 95448-9439 Pederson, Diana, 3809 Calvin Dr, Lansing, MI, 48911 Pennington, Bob & Jeni, Aqua Fria Nursery, 1409 Aqua Fria St, Santa Fe, NM, 87505-0907 Piazza, Diana, 2116 Golden Rain #1, Walnut Creek, CA, 94595 Pilz, Erma, SF Place, 4900 Tramway Rdg Dr NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87111 Pitman, Jill & Peter, Mews Cottage, 34 Easton St, Portland, Dorset, DT5 1BT, ENGLAND Pohlmann, Elaine, 213 East Mulberry Street, Dodge City, KS, 67801 Porteous, Barrie, 3 Breda Ct, Richmond Hill, Ontario, L4C 6E1, CANADA Ramsey, Michael, 8105 N. Jennie Barker Rd., Garden City, KS, 67846 Ratko, Ron, 17595 Vierra Canyon Rd, #172, Prunedale, CA, 93907 Ray, John, 4971 Cliff City Rd, Chestertown, MD, 21620 Reed, Cindy, PO Box 461, Hot Springs, SD, 57747 Reed, Ellen, 317 Hermosa SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108-9485 Rembetski, John, 1313 Alta Vista Ave, Austin, TX, 78704 Reynolds, Dr. Howard, 307 W. 2nd St, Hays, KS, 67601 Reynolds, Judith, 511 15th St. N.W., Albuquerque, NM, 87104 Rice-Jones, Judith, 1615 N. Wahsatch Ave, Colorado Springs, CO, 80907-7641 Riebe, Denise, 275 Buckskin Rd, Belgrade, MT, 59714 Roche, Barbara, 6811 E. Powers Ave, Greenwood Village, CO, 80111 Roden, John, PO Box 211, Lima, MT, 59739-0211, Rosati, Mark, 1327 E. Tierra Buena Ln, Phoenix, AZ, 85022 Rosenberg, Mr. & Mrs. Richard, 5 Westview Road, Bryn Mawr, PA, 19010-3716 Roth, Doris, 976 Tara Hills Dr, Pinole, CA, 94564 Rowe, W. Jan, 1111 Sandelin Ave, San Leandro, CA, 94577 Ruiter, Terry, 6260 S. Grant St, Centennial, CO, 80121-2279 Rynes, Nancy, 17815 Grama Ridge, Colorado Springs, CO, 80908 Sahin, K. Lovestein 48, Alphen aandenRijn, 2403 JB, NETHERLANDS Salman, David, Santa Fe Greenhouses, 2904 Rufina, Santa Fe, NM, 87507 Sampson, Floyd & Shirley, 7601 School House Lane, Roseville, CA, 95747 Sanders, John, 38 Southbrook Rd, Exeter, Devon, EX2 6JA, ENGLAND
Sauter, Dr. Hans J., 12544 9th Avenue NW, Seattle, WA, 98177-4304 Schauberger, Chuck, 2155 Grandview Blvd, Onalaska, WI, 54650 Schmiege, Lorraine, 506 Gulf Blvd. Apt. 501, Indian Rocks Beach, FL, 33785 Schmitt, Jeanne, 1001 Parkview Blvd., Columbus, OH, 43219 Schreiber, Joseph, 850 N.Citadel Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85748-2729 Self, Mandy, 601 E 9th Ave, Salt Lake City, UT, 84103 Shafer, Beverly, Box 428, Etna, CA, 96027 Shapiro, Julie, 25 T St, Hull, MA, 02045-1519 Shaw, Pamela, Springlea, Springfield Lane, Broadway, Worsh.,WR12 7BT, ENGLAND Sherwood, Melissa, 5301 Tellis Trail, Flagstaff, AZ, 86004 Simons, Gretchen, 1533 Saddleback Dr., Castle Rock, CO, 80104 Slack, Ken and Brenda, Belper Road Higham, Alfreton, Derbyshire, DE55 6AG, ENGLAND Slater, R. Michael, 4411 New Holland Rd, Mohnton, PA, 19540-9522 Slayton, Patty, 3326 W 3400 N, Moore, ID, 83255 Sloat, Lisa, 4503 Goodnight Avenue, Pueblo, CO, 81005-1008 Smith, John, 92 Arundel Road, Littlehampton, West Sussex, BN17 7DW, ENGLAND Smith, M. Nevin, Suncrest Nurseries, 400 Casserly, Watsonville, CA, 95076 Smith, Richard F. E., 17612 Valley Circle Drive, Bothell, WA, 98012 Smith, Shirley and Clarence, 19465 SW Celebrity St, Aloha, OR, 97007 Snow, Susan, PO Box 30, Fish Creek Road, Teasdale, UT, 84773 Snyder, Susanne, PO Box 926, Nipomo, CA, 93444 Snyderman, Joy M., 7134 Canalers Ct, Fort Wayne, IN, 46804-4783 Spicer, Nellie, Gen Del, Walsh, AB, T0J 3L0, CANADA Spiegel, Anne, 299 Maloney Rd, Wappingers Falls, NY, 12590 Steinhauer, Sharon, 19429 East Calle De Flores, Queen Creek, AZ, 85212 Stetson, David, 63833 O.B.Riley Rd, Bend, OR, 97701 Stewart, Joyce, 11140 NE Schuyler, Portland, OR, 97220 Stieve, Susan, 670 Vernon Tharp St, Columbus, OH, 43210 Stireman, John, 9657 Poppy Lane, Sandy, UT, 84094, Strickler, Dee, 192 Larch Lane, Columbia Falls, MT, 59912 Stubbendieck, James, PO Box 830915, U. of Neb, Lincoln,NE, 68583-0915 Stutzman, Diane, 9809 E. Upriver Dr., Spokane, WA, 99206 Swayne, Jim and Susan, 4009 Old Milton Highway, Walla Walla, WA, 99362 Swick, Kathleen, 2106 NorthStar St., Anchorage, AK, 99510 Sylvester, Donna, 7 Lakeview Dr, Tonasket, WA, 98855 Takeda, Tadashi, 68-880Kobuki Chihayaakaska, Minamikawachi, Osaka, 585 0053, JAPAN Tallman, Marna, 1949 NW Vicksburg Ave, Bend, OR, 97701 Tatroe, Marcia and Randy, 17156 E. Berry Pl, Centennial, CO, 80015 Taylor, Mr. & Mrs. James, 52 Eastwood Drive, Hutchinson, KS, 67501 Taylor, Sherryl, PO Box 1638, Mammoth Lakes, CA, 93546 Terrall, Terry and Mary Ann, 422 Helman St, Ashland, OR, 97520 Thatcher, Judith, 3017 Camino Del Bosque, Santa Fe, NM, 87507 Thomas, Carol, PO Box 238, Verdi, NV, 89439 Thomas, Larry, PO Box 354, 422 SE Road, Prineville, OR, 97754 Thomas, Lawrence, 340 E. 74th St #11G, New York, NY, 10021 Thomson, James, 27 Rathnelly Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M4V 2M4, CANADA Thorson, Robert Simon and Thomas, 12281 Reno Gulch Rd, Custer, SD, 57730 Throop, Gerald, 2405 Jordan Drive, Champaign, IL, 61822-6816 Tonnesen, Alex, PO Box 188, Coaldale, CO, 81222-0188 Tupper, Beth, 514 Hubbard Rd, Lynnwood, WA, 98036
Turner, Bruce, 2058 Eggleston Rd, Eggleston, VA, 24086 Turner, Marion & David, 151 South DeFrame, Golden, CO, 80401-5310 Turner, Sally, 13725 Goodman Lane, Anacortes, WA, 98221 Tuthill, Dorothy, 1487 State Highway 230, Laramie, WY, 82070 Uebelhart, Georg, 29690 Schwarmstedt, Am Toggraben 3, GER Unzner, Theodora, Otto-Schroder Str. 13, 15566, Schoneiche, GERMANY Vaughn, Dr.Kevin, USDA SWSL PO Box 350, Stoneville, MS, 38776 Vicaire, Lena, Bjornakersgaten 7, 937 31, Burtrask, SWEDEN Wagner, William, 61116 Devil's Ladder Rd, Mountain Center, CA, 92561-3014 Walker, Sally, Box 50503 Southwest Native Seeds, Tucson, AZ, 85703 Walz, Susan and Dieter, 128 Westridge Dr., Portola Valley, CA, 94028 Wang, Kari, Jegeraasen 24, N1362, Hosle, NORWAY Washburn, Bea Cooley and Charles, 10885 N. Linda Lane, Flagstaff, AZ Wasser, Allyn, 331 S. Nicklaus Dr, Pueblo West, CO, 81007-2895 Webb, Olie, 3105 So. Clayton St, Denver, CO, 80210 Webster, Virginia, 692 Washington Ave, Brooklyn, NY, 11238 Wedell, Gunnnebert, Jomsborgsvagen 6, S168 55, Bromma, SWEDEN Weedon, Dr. Ron, Herbarium Chadron State, 1000 Main St, Chadron, NE, 69337-2690 Weintraub, Barbara, 20 Estambre Rd, Santa Fe, NM, 87508-8769 Weinz, Barbara, 660 Berry's Mill Road West, Bath, ME, 04530 Weirather, Linda, 816 NE 98th Ct, Vancouver, WA, 98664 Wenslaff, Timothy, 7743 Laurel Drive, Gilroy, CA, 95020-4720 Wesley, Janette, 7196 W Vassar Ave, Lakewood, CO, 80227 Wesseler, Lupita and Richard, 2841 NE Shepard Rd, Bend, OR, 97701 West, Joan & Truel, 1050 Camino Rancheros, Santa Fe, NM, 87505 Wheeler, Libby, 1635 W Shadowridge, Fayetteville, AR, 72701 Whipple, Peggy, 221 Ida Way, Etna, CA, 96027 Whitehead, Diane, 5088 Clutesi St, Victoria, BC,V8Y 1X4, CANADA Whiteman, Mary, PO Box 129, Buena Vista, NM, 87712 Wilde, Ellen, 110 Calle Pinonero, Santa Fe, NM, 87505 Wilder, Alice, 1293 W. Saddlehorn Dr, Tucson, AZ, 85737 Williams, Greg, 4614 Town Hill Road, Wolcott, VT, 05680 Wilson, Dr. Paul, Dept Biology Cal State Northridge, Northridge, CA, 91330 Wilson, Pandora, 18 South Chase Drive, Lakewood, CO, 80226 Wilton, Mabeth and Donald, 20734 Ponderosa Way, Tuolumne, CA, 95379-9750 Wolf, Margaret, PO Box 272504, Ft Collins, CO, 80527-2504 Wolfe, Dr. Andrea, Dept EEOB Ohio State U, 318 W.12 Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210-1243 Woodland, Dennis, 6926 Long Lake Rd, Berrien Springs, MI, 49103 Woods, Lynn, 5815 Olde Stage Rd, Boulder, CO, 80302 Woodward, Paige, 44305 Old Orchard Rd, Chilliwack, BC V2R 1A9, CANADA Wuosmaa, David, 32330 La Costa Circle Apt 303, Naples, FL, 34105 Zach, Jean, 4504 W 12th Ave, Kennewick, WA, 99338-1703
The Color Slide Collection
The Society has an excellent collection of color slides, most of which have been put on a CD by Dr. William R. Gray. The CD may be augmented from time to time as more penstemon slides are collected. For an individual or for a small group, this is the best way to see the collection. Anyone wishing to do a program for a larger group may request slides of the species of their choice, up to 140. They will be mailed in a Kodak Carousel to arrive a week before the date you set for your program. There is no charge to borrow them, but you are requested to return them immediately following your program, First Class and insured for $250.00. You may purchase the CD for $25.00 plus $3.00 postage from APS Books and CD's 110 Calle Pinonero, Santa Fe, NM 87505. Please contact Ellen Wilde,
Growing Penstemons: Species, Cultivars and Hybrids
This book, compiled for the American Penstemon Society by Dr. Dale Lindgren and Ellen Wilde, contains descriptions and information on location where found, cultivation tips, name derivation and classification of all the species of penstemons and information on many cultivars and hybrids. In addition there are definitions and diagrams of basic terms used in describing penstemons, a short history of their being brought into cultivation and of the American Penstemon Society. There are chapters on growing and caring for them, propagation and hybridizing. Appendices give recommended penstemons for different parts of the country, lists of species by state, region, and in many National Parks, botanic gardens that feature penstemons, sources for seeds and plants, criteria for judging penstemons in flower shows, and a list of other sources of information on penstemons. It may be ordered from ‘APS Books and CD’s’ or from Infinity Publishing Co. on line
The Library
The Penstemon Library consists of all the Bulletins of the American Penstemon Society published since 1946 and several studies and reproductions of articles about penstemons from various publications, as well as other books on penstemons. Call Ellen Wilde about borrowing them at (505) 982-1406.
Penstemon Publications by Kenneth and Robin Lodewick
Penstemon Notes. 1991 Miscellaneous notes on the genus. $3.00. Penstemon Field Identifier A sketchbook of about 260 species. $12.00. Penstemon Nomenclature 3rd Edition 2002. Lists all known botanical names applied to the genus. $6.75. Key to the Genus Penstemon Covers 271 penstemon species and 15 related species in 5 other genera. $9.00 US and Canada, $11.00 overseas. (The cost of ordering Nomenclature and the Key at the same time is $13.75 for APS members only.) What is a Penstemon? A slide show that may be rented; you pay for return. $5.00. Cannot be sent outside US.
Write Kenneth Lodewick, 2526 University St. Eugene, OR 97403. Checks payable to Kenneth Lodewick.