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Cobalt Toxicity in Humans. a Review of the Potential Sources and Systemic Health Effects
Cobalt toxicity in humans. A review of the potential sources and systemic health effects. Laura Leyssensa, Bart Vincka,b, Catherine Van Der Straetenc,d, Floris Wuytse,f, Leen Maesa,g. a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent (Belgium) Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences University Hospital Ghent, policlinic 1 floor 2 De Pintelaan 185 9000 Ghent Belgium [email protected] (corresponding author) [email protected] b Faculty of Humanities, University of Pretoria (South Africa) Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology Aula Theatre, University Road Pretoria, 0001 South Africa [email protected] c Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London Department of Surgery & Cancer Musculoskeletal Sciences and Technology Imperial College London Charing Cross Campus, 7L21 Lab Block London SW7 2AZ UK [email protected] d Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent (Belgium) De Pintelaan 185 9000 Ghent Belgium e Antwerp University Research center for Equilibrium and Aerospace (AUREA) Department of Otorhinolaryngology University Hospital Antwerp Campus Groenenborger Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium [email protected] f Department of Biomedical Physics, University of Antwerp (Belgium) Campus Groenenborger Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium g Clinical audiology department University Hospital Ghent De Pintelaan 185 9000 Ghent Belgium 1 Abstract Cobalt (Co) and its compounds are widely distributed in nature and are part of numerous anthropogenic activities. Although cobalt has a biologically necessary role as metal constituent of vitamin B12, excessive exposure has been shown to induce various adverse health effects. This review provides an extended overview of the possible Co sources and related intake routes, the detection and quantification methods for Co intake and the interpretation thereof, and the reported health effects. -
Cobalt Publications Rejected As Not Acceptable for Plants and Invertebrates
Interim Final Eco-SSL Guidance: Cobalt Cobalt Publications Rejected as Not Acceptable for Plants and Invertebrates Published literature that reported soil toxicity to terrestrial invertebrates and plants was identified, retrieved and screened. Published literature was deemed Acceptable if it met all 11 study acceptance criteria (Fig. 3.3 in section 3 “DERIVATION OF PLANT AND SOIL INVERTEBRATE ECO-SSLs” and ATTACHMENT J in Standard Operating Procedure #1: Plant and Soil Invertebrate Literature Search and Acquisition ). Each study was further screened through nine specific study evaluation criteria (Table 3.2 Summary of Nine Study Evaluation Criteria for Plant and Soil Invertebrate Eco-SSLs, also in section 3 and ATTACHMENT A in Standard Operating Procedure #2: Plant and Soil Invertebrate Literature Evaluation and Data Extraction, Eco-SSL Derivation, Quality Assurance Review, and Technical Write-up.) Publications identified as Not Acceptable did not meet one or more of these criteria. All Not Acceptable publications have been assigned one or more keywords categorizing the reasons for rejection ( Table 1. Literature Rejection Categories in Standard Operating Procedure #4: Wildlife TRV Literature Review, Data Extraction and Coding). No Dose Abdel-Sabour, M. F., El Naggr, H. A., and Suliman, S. M. 1994. Use of Inorganic and Organic Compounds as Decontaminants for Cobalt T-60 and Cesium-134 by Clover Plant Grown on INSHAS Sandy Soil. Govt Reports Announcements & Index (GRA&I) 15, 17 p. No Control Adams, S. N. and Honeysett, J. L. 1964. Some Effects of Soil Waterlogging on the Cobalt and Copper Status of Pasture Plants Grown in Pots. Aust.J.Agric.Res. 15, 357-367 OM, pH Adams, S. -
Undocumented Water Column Sink for Cadmium in Open Ocean Oxygen-Deficient Zones
Undocumented water column sink for cadmium in open ocean oxygen-deficient zones David J. Janssena, Tim M. Conwayb, Seth G. Johnb, James R. Christianc, Dennis I. Kramera, Tom F. Pedersena, and Jay T. Cullena,1 aSchool of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 2Y2; bDepartment of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208; and cFisheries and Oceans Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3V6 Edited by Edward A. Boyle, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, and approved April 4, 2014 (received for review February 6, 2014) 3− Cadmium (Cd) is a micronutrient and a tracer of biological this sink induces local changes in Cd:PO4 must be understood productivity and circulation in the ocean. The correlation between to correctly interpret paleoceanographic records. dissolved Cd and the major algal nutrients in seawater has led to the use of Cd preserved in microfossils to constrain past ocean nutrient Results and Discussion distributions. However, linking Cd to marine biological processes Cadmium and other trace metals such as copper (Cu) and zinc requires constraints on marine sources and sinks of Cd. Here, we (Zn) are known to form solid sulfide precipitates in the ocean show a decoupling between Cd and major nutrients within oxygen- under conditions of anoxia where sulfide is present. For example, deficient zones (ODZs) in both the Northeast Pacific and North precipitation of Cd sulfide (CdS) (13) leading to dissolved Cd Atlantic Oceans, which we attribute to Cd sulfide (CdS) precipitation depletion is observed at oxic–anoxic interfaces in stratified basins in euxinic microenvironments around sinking biological particles. -
Cobalt-Nickel Strip, Plate, Bar, and Tube Safety Data Sheet Revision Date: 12/14/2012
Cobalt-Nickel Strip, Plate, Bar, and Tube Safety Data Sheet Revision date: 12/14/2012 SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking 1.1. Product identifier Product name. : Cobalt-Nickel Strip, Plate, Bar, and Tube 1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Use of the substance/preparation : Parts Manufacturing No additi onal infor mati on available 1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Ametek Specialty Metal Products 21 Toelles Road Wallingford, CT 06492 T 203-265-6731 1.4. Emergency telephone number Emergency number : 800-424-9300 Chemtrec SECTION 2: Hazards identification 2.1. Classification of the substance or mixture GHS-US classification Comb. Dust H232 Resp. Sens. 1 H334 Skin Sens. 1 H317 Carc. 2 H351 STOT RE 1 H372 STOT RE 2 H373 Aquatic Acute 1 H400 Aquatic Chronic 4 H413 2.2. Label elements GHS-US labelling Hazard pictograms (GHS-US) : Signal word (GHS-US) : Danger Hazard statements (GHS-US) : H232 - May form combustible dust concentrations in air H317 - May cause an allergic skin reaction H334 - May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled H351 - Suspected of causing cancer H372 - Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure H373 - May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure H400 - Very toxic to aquatic life H413 - May cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life 12/14/2012 EN (English) 1/9 Cobalt-Nickel Strip, Plate, Bar, and Tube Safety Data Sheet Precautionary statements (GHS-US) : P201 - Obtain special instructions before use P202 - Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood P260 - Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray P264 - Wash .. -
Evaluation of the Trace Metal Supplements for a Synthetic Low Lactose Diet
Arch Dis Child: first published as 10.1136/adc.58.6.433 on 1 June 1983. Downloaded from Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1983, 58, 433-437 Evaluation of the trace metal supplements for a synthetic low lactose diet P J AGGETT, J MORE, J M THORN, H T DELVES, M CORNFIELD, AND B E CLAYTON Department of Chemical Pathology, Institute of Child Health, London SUMMARY A trace element supplement used with a synthetic low lactose milk (Galactomins 17 and 18) has been evaluated by means of metabolic balance studies in 4 infants with dissacharide intolerances. The supplement was considered satisfactory for iron and manganese but increases in its zinc and copper content are probably necessary to ensure adequate retentions ofthese metals. Diets used in the management of infants with synthetic low lactose milks (Galactomins 17 and 18, inborn errors of metabolism or dietary intolerances Cow and Gate Ltd) has been assessed. There may have an inadequate essential trace element are three similar Galactomin products which are content."-3 This deficiency may be quantitative in derived from demineralised casein and which are as much as these micronutrients are lost during prepared according to a formula elaborated in this manufacture of the diet, or it may be a qualitative department.5 They are used in the management of defect resulting from postulated interactions between dietary lactose intolerances (Galactomins 17, 18, and these elements and other inorganic and organic 19) and of inborn errors of galactose metabolism dietary constituents which reduce intestinal -
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY THROUGH the AGES Programme 11Th November 2016 Aula of the University of Zürich Kol G 201, Rämistrasse 71, 8006 Zürich
Anniversary Symposium 50 Years Tox Info Suisse CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY THROUGH THE AGES Programme 11th November 2016 Aula of the University of Zürich Kol G 201, Rämistrasse 71, 8006 Zürich Anniversary Symposium 50 Years Tox Info Suisse CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY THROUGH THE AGES Part 1: Humans and Animals Chair: Hugo Kupferschmidt 12:15 Opening Hugo Kupferschmidt, Director Tox Info Suisse 12:20 Differing aspects in human and veterinary toxicology Hanspeter Nägeli, Zürich 12:55 Food poisoning today - current research to target old problems Martin J. Loessner, Zürich 13:30 Venomous animals in Switzerland Jürg Meier, Basel 14:05 Coffee break Part 2: Hips, Pain Killers and Mushrooms Chair: Michael Arand 14:35 Welcome address Michael O. Hengartner, President UZH 14:45 Fatal shoot from the hip: News of heavy metal poisoning Sally Bradberry, Birmingham UK 15:20 Old and new aspects in paracetamol poisoning D. Nicholas Bateman, Edinburgh 15:55 Amanita phalloïdes poisoning Thomas Zilker, München 16:30 A silent threat - chronic intoxications Michael Arand, Zürich 17:05 Coffee break Part 3: From Critical Care to the Opera Chair: Martin Wilks 17:35 Management of severe poisoning-induced cardiovascular compromise Bruno Mégarbane, Paris 18:10 Chemical terrorism: New and old chemical weapons and their counter- measures Horst Thiermann, München 18:45 Novel psychoactive substances: How much a threat in public health? Alessandro Ceschi, Lugano 19:20 Poisons in the opera Alexander Campbell, Birmingham UK 19:50 Conclusion 20:00 Apéro riche 21:30 Closure 50 Years Tox Info Suisse | Anniversary Symposium | 11th November 2016 2/15 Anniversary Symposium 50 Years Tox Info Suisse CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY THROUGH THE AGES Speakers Hanspeter Nägeli Differing aspects in human and veterinary toxicology Institute of Veterinary Pharma- Veterinary toxicology is a difficult, yet fascinating subject as it cology and Toxicology, deals with multiple species and a wide variety of poisons of very University of Zurich diverse origins. -
Trace Metal Toxicity from Manure in Idaho: Emphasis on Copper
Proceedings of the 2005 Idaho Alfalfa and Forage Conference TRACE METAL TOXICITY FROM MANURE IN IDAHO: EMPHASIS ON COPPER Bryan G. Hopkins and Jason W. Ellsworth1 TRACE METALS: TOXIC OR ESSENTIAL Plants have need for about 18 essential nutrients. Of these essential nutrients, several are classified as trace metals, namely: zinc, iron, manganese, copper, boron, molybdenum, cobalt, and nickel. In addition, other trace metals commonly exist in soil that can be taken up, such as arsenic, chromium, iodine, selenium, and others. Some of these elements are more or less inert in the plant and others can be utilized although they are not essential. Animals also have requirements for trace elements. Although plants require certain trace elements, excessive quantities generally cause health problems. Plants typically show a variety of symptoms that depend on element and species, but there is generally a lack of vigor and root growth, shortened internodes, and chlorosis. Boron and copper are the two micronutrients most likely to induce toxicity. However, one time high rates of copper have been shown to be tolerated in some cases, but accumulations have been shown to be toxic in others. Copper has been used for centuries as a pesticide and, although bacteria and fungi are relatively more susceptible to it, excessively high exposure is detrimental to plants. Manganese toxicity is also common, but generally only in very acidic soils. Lime application raises pH and reduces the manganese solubility. Zinc and iron have a similar pH relationship, but are less frequently toxic in acid soils. Zinc, iron, manganese, and copper have a known relationship with phosphorus as well. -
Biological Monitoring of Chemical Exposure in the Workplace Guidelines
WHO/HPR/OCH 96.2 Distr.: General Biological Monitoring of Chemical Exposure in the Workplace Guidelines Volume 2 World Health Organization Geneva 1996 Contribution to the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) Layout of the cover page Tuula Solasaari-Pekki Technical editing Suvi Lehtinen This publication has been published with the support of the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. ISBN 951-802-167-8 Geneva 1996 This document is not a formal publication Ce document n'est pas une publication of of the World Health Organization (WHO), ficielle de !'Organisation mondiale de la and all rights are reserved by the Organiza Sante (OMS) et tous Jes droits y afferents tion. The document may, however, be sont reserves par !'Organisation. S'il peut freely reviewed, abstracted, reproduced and etre commente, resume, reproduit OU translated, in part or in whole, but not for traduit, partiellement ou en totalite, ii ne sale nor for use in conjunction with .com saurait cependant l'etre pour la vente ou a mercial purposes. des fins commerciales. The views expressed in documents by Les opinions exprimees clans Jes documents named authors are solely the responsibility par des auteurs cites nommement n'enga of those authors. gent que lesdits auteurs. Preface This is the second in a series of volumes on 'Guidelines on Biological Monitoring of Chemical Exposure in the Workplace', produced under the joint direction of WHO's Of fice of Occupational Health (OCH) and Programme for the Promotion of Chemical Safety (PCS). The objectives of this project was to provide occupational health professionals in Mem ber States with reference principles and methods for the determination of biomarkers of exposure, with emphasis on promoting appropriate use of biological monitoring and as sisting in quality assurance. -
How Do Bacterial Cells Ensure That Metalloproteins Get the Correct Metal?
REVIEWS How do bacterial cells ensure that metalloproteins get the correct metal? Kevin J. Waldron and Nigel J. Robinson Abstract | Protein metal-coordination sites are richly varied and exquisitely attuned to their inorganic partners, yet many metalloproteins still select the wrong metals when presented with mixtures of elements. Cells have evolved elaborate mechanisms to scavenge for sufficient metal atoms to meet their needs and to adjust their needs to match supply. Metal sensors, transporters and stores have often been discovered as metal-resistance determinants, but it is emerging that they perform a broader role in microbial physiology: they allow cells to overcome inadequate protein metal affinities to populate large numbers of metalloproteins with the right metals. It has been estimated that one-quarter to one-third of all Both monovalent (cuprous) copper, which is expected proteins require metals, although the exploitation of ele- to predominate in a reducing cytosol, and trivalent ments varies from cell to cell and has probably altered over (ferric) iron, which is expected to predominate in an the aeons to match geochemistry1–3 (BOX 1). The propor- oxidizing periplasm, are also highly competitive, as are tions have been inferred from the numbers of homologues several non-essential metals, such as cadmium, mercury of known metalloproteins, and other deduced metal- and silver6 (BOX 2). How can a cell simultaneously contain binding motifs, encoded within sequenced genomes. A some proteins that require copper or zinc and others that large experimental estimate was generated using native require uncompetitive metals, such as magnesium or polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of extracts from iron- manganese? In a most simplistic model in which pro- rich Ferroplasma acidiphilum followed by the detection of teins pick elements from a cytosol in which all divalent metal in protein spots using inductively coupled plasma metals are present and abundant, all proteins would bind mass spectrometry4. -
Global Biogeochemical Cycle of Vanadium
Global biogeochemical cycle of vanadium William H. Schlesingera,1, Emily M. Kleina, and Avner Vengosha aEarth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 Contributed by William H. Schlesinger, November 9, 2017 (sent for review September 1, 2017; reviewed by Robert A. Duce, Andrew J. Friedland, and James N. Galloway) Synthesizing published data, we provide a quantitative summary problematic environmental contaminant, but high concentrations of the global biogeochemical cycle of vanadium (V), including both of V can be toxic to humans and other organisms (18, 19). human-derived and natural fluxes. Through mining of V ores Reflecting a new level of concern, the State of California has re- (130 × 109 g V/y) and extraction and combustion of fossil fuels cently imposed a new standard (15 μg/L) for V in drinking water (600 × 109 g V/y), humans are the predominant force in the geo- (https://oehha.ca.gov/water/notification-level/proposed-notifica- chemical cycle of V at Earth’s surface. Human emissions of V to the tion-level-vanadium). In some regions, the release of V to the atmosphere are now likely to exceed background emissions by as atmosphere and its deposition in natural ecosystems have de- much as a factor of 1.7, and, presumably, we have altered the clined in recent decades due to changes in fuel use and industrial deposition of V from the atmosphere by a similar amount. Exces- practices (20, 21). sive V in air and water has potential, but poorly documented, Vanadium’s primary commercial use is in the manufacture consequences for human health. -
Trace Metal Nutrition of Avocado
TRACE METAL NUTRITION A. OF AVOCADO David E. Crowley1, Woody Smith1, Ben Faber2, A. Zinc deficiency 3 Mary Lu Arpaia Typical leaf zinc deficiency 1 Dept. of Environmental Science, University of California, Riverside, CA symptoms. Note the chlorosis 2UC Cooperative Extension, Ventura County, CA (yellowing) between veins and 3UC Kearney Agricultural Center, Parlier, CA the reduced leaf size (top). B. Iron deficiency SUMMARY Iron deficiency symptoms on It is easy to confuse zinc and iron deficiency symptoms, new growth. Iron deficiency so growers should rely on annual leaf analysis. Also, it is and zinc deficiency are easily essential for avocado growers to know their soil pH, confused. and soil iron and zinc levels before embarking on a fertilization program. For zinc, best results are with soil B. application through fertigation or banding, and there is no apparent advantage to using chelated zinc. For iron fertilization, the best solution is to use soil applied Sequestrene 138, an iron chelate. It is highly stable and can last for several years recycling many times to deliver more iron to the roots. It is important not to mix trace metal fertilizers with phosphorus fertilizers. INTRODUCTION Avocados require many different nutrients for growth that include both macro and micronutrients. Macronutrients such as nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus are generally provided as fertilizers. Micronutrients are those nutrients that are essential for plant growth and reproduction, but are only required development of small round fruit. The first step in treating at very low concentrations. Most micronutrients, or trace trace metal deficiencies is to determine exactly which elements, are involved as constituents of enzyme metal micronutrients are limiting since both iron and zinc molecules and other organic structures. -
Trace Metal Detection Technique in Law Enforcement
If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. Trace Metal This microfiche was produced from dotuments received for Detection Technique inclusion in the NCJRS data base. Since NCJRS cannot eurcise in Law Enforcement control over the physical cDndition of the documents submitted, the individual flame quality will vary. The resolution chart on PR 71-1 this frame may be used to evaluate the document quality. \: OCTOBER 1970 ,, . 2 5 ~~ 111112.8 11111 . 1.0 3 2 11111 . Db>~ ' I .z; IIIF6 I" I~ 1,1.10 20 .: I!ill~ • • t.. ~ 1.1 &..iL..!.i. A manual describing the technique for de _ 111111.8 tecting and identifying traces and specific patterns left on suspects' skin and clothing by weapons. tools and other metal objects. 111111.25 111111.4 111111.6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS-1963·A .. \ Microfilming procedures used to create this fiche comply with the standards set forth in 41CFR 101·11.504 Points of view or opinions' stated in this document are U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JtJSTICE . law Enforcement Assistance Administration those of ihe author[s) and do not represent the official National Institute of law Enforcement and Criminal Justice position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office U.~. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Washington, D.O. 20402· Price 20 cents LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL CRIMiNAL JUSTICE REFERENCE SERVICE WASHINGTON, D.C. 20531 . __ ,_' ",~.>.'~' "~ ~ ~1<'." .' -- 1.&a!2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 II.