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Second Edition LIFE SECOND EDITION. ~ ~ 1894. (AI1 RightP RCd.1 PREFAC.E. I HAVE been induced to undertake this pleasant task by those whom I have every reason to respect. As there exists no separate and complete life of Sir HenryRaeburn, I have felt it my duty to collect fragments from various publi- cations and make them coherent with littlea cement of myown. Myacknow1edgment.s are especiallydue tothe authorities givenin the following list, and last, but not least! to my father, whose letters, published from time to time in the Scotch newspapers, have thrown considerable light upon the subject. Raeburn,it willbe seen by the following pages, was held in much regard and considera- iv PREPAGE. .~ ~ ~ ~~ tion by his contemporary brotherartists and lovers of art, who also desired greatly to honour him after his death;and I feel well assured thatthis little brochure by one nearlyallied to thegreat painter, and whose only desire has been to do justice to hi8 great qualit'ios and virtues, willbe received with indulgence by the eminent artistsinhis native city, and espe- cially by Sir William Fettes Douglas, who so worthily presides over t,he Royal Scottisll Academy. W. RAEBURN ANDREW. 40, Chancey Lane, M~Y1m. AUTHOEITIES. 1. Dr. John Brown, aud other writers, io. Worlie of Sir Hmrv Ilaebum, R.A.... Vublished hy Andrew Elliot, Edinburgh. ’ 2. Memoir of Sir Henry Raeburu, from the Anltual Bio- qrQphy, 182;j. 3. Century of Painters, by Redgrave. 4. Imperial Dirtirmary of Unninemal Binymphy. 5. Cua~~inylam’dLives of British Painters, edited by Mrn. Heaton. B. Tribute to the Memory of Raeb’tcrn,by Dr. Andrew DUncal:. 7. Family of Edgar, by J. H. C. Archer. 8. Fait’sNagasine, 1848. “Morrison’s Reminiscences.” 9. Pilkington’s General Dictionary oj’ Painters. 10. Letters in various Edinburgh newspapers by Sir Willialu Andrew, C.I.E., and others. 11. Letters of John Ciarna, by Dr. J. Carue Ross. 12. L$e of David Roberta, R.A., by Jamen Ballnntine. 13. The Miller of Deanhatqh, by James Ballantint.. 14. L$e o/’ Sir David Wilkie, R.A., by Allan Cunninghanl. 15. Catalogue of Kaeburn’e works exhibited in Edinburgh, 1876. 16. Catalogue, Loan Exhibition, Edinburgh, 1884. 17. Burke’u Peerage and Baronetup. 18. Burke’s Landed @entry. 19. Walford’a Cou,nty Families. 20. National Gyclopdia. vi CONTENTS. CONTENTS. CHAPTER 1. State of Art iu Scotland.-%clnml’s ~irtll.-Ancest,orii.- Education.-First Signs oE Genius.-Success in Minin- tures.-ProfessorDuncan.-David Martin.-Begins to Paint in Oil.-Becomes known.-Lord Eldh-Romantic Incident.-Marriage.-Visit Reynolds.-Studiesto in Italy.-Pompeo Battoui.- Gavin &milton.-Byers . 1-15 CHAP‘PER 11. hburn raturns to Edinburgh.-Tribute to Rachurn by Professor Duncan.-HarvoianSoeietg.-Eclipses Martin. -Established as Head of his Profession.-Succeeds to St. Bernard‘s.-Builds large Studios andGallery in Edin- burgh.-Habits. -Method of Painting.- Sir Walter Scott’s impressions , . 16-31 CONTENT8. vii fair-Horner-Lord FrederickCampbellLGlengarry- Macnab-Henry Erskine - Chantrey - Himself.-Stplr Original.-Opinions 'of Sir David- Wilkie -Sir Thomas Lawrence-Sir Walter Scott-JohnCarne . 324G CHAPTER IV. &burn's Active Mind-Various Aecomp1ishments.-Social Qualities.-Personal Appearance.-Professor Duncan.- Mental Qualities.-Foud of Homo.-Friend to young Artists.-David Roberts.-Happy Home at St. Bernard's -Mrs. Ferrier's account of.-Walter Ross.-St. Bernard's 3 Well.-Old Deanhaugh House.-Servants of the old School.-Ann Street . 47-67 i i CHAPTER V. heburn, Member of various Literaryand Scientific Societies.--Royal Academician.-Proposes Royal Academy in Edinburgh.-Regular Contributor to Royal Academy Exhibitions in London.-Controversy about Backgrounds. -Visit of George IV.to Scotland.-Raeburn knighted. --Wilkie andFerguson at St. Bernard's.-Banquet to Ekeburn by Artists.-Appointed Limner.-Invitedby His Majesty to London . 68-79 vi ii CONTENTS. _____ CHAPTER VI. Ltaeburn's later Works his bcnt-Earl of Hopetoun-Ed of Breadalbane-RIa,rquis of Hnntly-Lord Chief Con%- missioner A.dam-Constable,-Portraits painted for him- self-sir W. Scott-Lord Jeffrey-Earl of Rucbau- Sir John Sinclair-Rcnnie-Mackerrzie ("The Man of Feeling ")-Lord Cockburn, &c.-Numerous Engmvings of his Works.-His last Excurnion with Scott, Shepherd, and Adam.-Seott, his lmt Portrait.-Illneas and Death. -Artistic Merits.-Puhlic Syml,athy.-Honours paid to his Memory by Public Institutions in Edinburgh and London.-Sir Thoulas Lawrence.-Sir David W11k1e.- Summary of Character , . 80-90 CHAPTER VII. Lady hburn.-Sir Henry's Sons, peter and Henry.- Howden.-Charlesfield. - Dr. John Brown's visit.-De- scription Of House and Pictures.-Ra&urn Exhibition in 1876 . 91-96 APPENDIX . 97-160 LIFE SIR HENRY RAEBURN, R.A. CIIAPTER I. State of Art inScotland.-ltaeburn's Eirth-Ancestors.- Education.-FirstSigns of Genius.-Success in Minia- tnras.-Professor Duncan.-David Martin.-Begins tu Paint in Oil.-Becomes known.-Lord Eldin.-Romantic Incident.-Marriago.-Visit to Reynolds.-St.udies in Italy.-Pompen Battoni.-ffavin Hamilton.-Byers. HE snbject of thepresent memoir maybe considered as the founder of the resident school of Scottish painting. Scotland had not failed to produce artists of eminence, both in history andportrait. Among the ]&er, Jameson, and Allan Ramsay, son of the poet, held most notable 1 -3 2 SIR HlWRY RAEBURN. x ~ ___ ~~~ 5 places. Theircountry, however, did not afford :l patronageadequate theirtomerits ; and the. i wereobliged to seek employment anddistinction \ i in thegreatin Metropolis. Duringt,hclast half of i ! the eighteenth century, however, the progress of .\ i wealth andtaste led to a sensible improvement inthis particular ; and,during the early life of Raeburn, David Mart,in, though an artist of only secondary talent, and not to be compared to his two predecemors in theart, had obt,ained very considerable employment in Edinburgh. Raeburn was born Stockbridge,in on the Water of Leith - nom a part of Edinburgh- on the4th of March 1756. His ancestors were of the sturdy Border stock-reiving pastoral lairds --hn~bandmen in peace, andsoldiers in war, till the days of disorder endedwith the union of the Crowns, upon which they laid aside the helmet and sword, and peacefully cultivated the ANCESTORS. 3 ~~p~~.~~-~_--~~~pp~~~--~--- :ro~nld during succeedinggenerations. They pro- lm1)ly tool; theiruame from Raeburn, it hill-farm in hntlanclale, still held by SirWalter Scott’s Iriusfolk. SirHenry used to say thathe was a Raeburn of thatilk, his forebearshaving had it before the Scotts. On his shield is aRae or Hoe-deer drinking from a burn running at its feet. The crest is a Roe’s head, with the motto, “ Kobur an Deo.” :1 desceurlant of these Raehurns, named Robert, removed to Stockbridge,married Ann Elder, commenced mauufactnrer, became theproprietor of mib, and father of two sons, Williamand Henry, of whom the formercontinued the business at Stookbridge,and thelatter became theeminent artist. This descent, however satis- factory to thepainter, was lessso, it seems, to a northeru antiquarian, who, unwilling to believe, perhaps, that anyone so distinguished could come l* 4 SIR HEAVRY RBEBURW. - .. ~ ~ ~~ from such an anceshy, resolved to findfor him B loftier origin ; and accordingly set up a genes- logical tree, which averred, in the mystic language of allegorical biography, hllat he was a direct descendant from theRaeburns of Raeburn, a family distinguished in theScottish wars, who hed won worthily the honours of knighthood, and were allied, moreover, in blood and by marriage HGNS 03’ GENIUS. 5 ~~ ~~~~ ~__ ~~.~~~~~~.. ~- more, who acted to him always thepart of a father. He was educatedinHeriot’s Hospital, and is one of the singularly few of those brougllt upinthis Scottish Christ‘s Hospital who becamedistinguished in after life-a curious contrast to the scholars of the greatLondon School. It is understood that Sir Henry,during hisyoutl~ful education, did not discover any particularpropensity to theart in which he was destined so remarkably to excel. It was only observed, atthe class of arithmetic, when the boyswere amusingthemselves in drawing figures on theirslates, that his displayed a very strikingsuperiority to those of theother boys, and were frequently caricatures of hiscomrades; butthis did not lead any farther. 7l-ilkie’s school sketches in the same way notably surpassed those of theother boys. In other respects, he DAVID MARTILV. 7 .~ .~ ~~ - with the figure of a muse thereon, weeping over an urn marked with the initials C. D. Dr. Duncan cousidered Raehuru’s handiwork a mani- fest proof of very superior genius, and long preserved thetrinket as a lnemorial of the siugular and oarly merit, both of Darwin and of‘ Raeburn. Mr. Gilliland also appreciated the talent of his young friend and introdneed him to David Martin, then the principal portrait-painter in the Scottish metropolis, who resided in St. James’ Square and painted in the first starched Hudson style of SirJoshua Reynolds. Martin received him cour- teously, and his condescension and his works delighted and astonished Raeburn so much, that he declared, when his own name was deservedly high,that the kind words of Martin were still in his ears,and his paintings before him. The portraits of thatartist were to him what the a ,SIR HENRY RAERURX. ~ ~ ~ -~~~~ - verses of Ferguson were to Bums; and the result was not much diusimilas-they inspire(1 :l style more free and mor0 mentnlly lofty t'lm their own. He touched hisminiatures wit11 a bolder hand,and they rose in estimation t,ill they were won in general delnand. He usuallg turnedthem out at the rate of two in W. week. Young Raeburn soon after this began to take higher views of art aud to imagine hi~nself destined to a brighter lot thanthat of making miniature likenesses of ordinary men. He formed something like a studio, orsmall gallery, began trg sketches in oil, and,having succeeded better than utter inexperience could have cal- dsted on, he commenced working in the life ; nor did' he find thetask so serious as of h18 brethren said he would.
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