Space Market Uptake in Europe
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DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT A: ECONOMIC AND SCIENTIFIC POLICY Space Market Uptake in Europe STUDY Abstract This study, provided by Policy Department A at the request of the ITRE committee, aims to shed light on the potential applicability of data acquired from the EU Galileo and Copernicus satellite systems in both the public and private sector, and on the reasons why such potential still remains largely underutilized. The regulatory framework, market characteristics and policy actions that are being taken to make use of space data, are comprehensively analysed. The study also addresses recommendations for different policy levels. IP/A/ITRE/2015-03 January 2016 PE 569.984 EN This document was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Industry, Research and Energy. AUTHORS Laura DELPONTE, CSIL Centre for Industrial Studies, Milan Julie PELLEGRIN, CSIL Centre for Industrial Studies, Milan Emanuela SIRTORI, CSIL Centre for Industrial Studies, Milan Marco GIANINETTO, Polytechnic University of Milan Luigi BOSCHETTI, University of Idaho (USA) RESPONSIBLE ADMINISTRATOR Frédéric GOUARDÈRES EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Karine GAUFILLET LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original: EN ABOUT THE EDITOR Policy departments provide in-house and external expertise to support EP committees and other parliamentary bodies in shaping legislation and exercising democratic scrutiny over EU internal policies. To contact Policy Department A or to subscribe to its newsletter please write to: Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy European Parliament B-1047 Brussels E-mail: [email protected] Manuscript completed in January 2016 © European Union, 2016 This document is available on the Internet at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/studies DISCLAIMER The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy. Space Market Uptake in Europe CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS 5 LIST OF BOXES 6 LIST OF FIGURES 6 LIST OF TABLES 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8 1. INTRODUCTION 11 1.1. Background of the study 11 1.2. Scope of the study 12 1.3. Approach to the study 12 2. THE EU SPACE POLICY 15 2.1. Strategic goals of the EU space policy 15 2.2. The EU space flagship programmes 17 2.2.1. The Galileo programme 18 2.2.2. The Copernicus programme 20 3. THE MARKET POTENTIAL OF SPACE DATA APPLICATIONS 25 3.1. Overview of the market of geo-spatial services 25 3.2. The downstream market of navigation satellite systems 27 3.2.1. Market segments of navigation systems applications 27 3.2.2. Industry’s structure and growth potential 30 3.3. The downstream market of Earth Observation 32 3.3.1. Market segments of EO applications 32 3.3.2. Industry’s structure and growth potential 35 4. OBSTACLES TO SPACE MARKET UPTAKE IN THE EU AND POLICY RESPONSES 38 4.1. Existing barriers to space data market uptake 38 4.1.1. Policy, strategic approach issues 38 4.1.2. Market constraints: fragmentation, immaturity, low awareness in related sectors 42 4.1.3. Governance: unclear settings, public/private role 43 4.1.4. Technical issues: data distribution framework, interoperability, implementation delays 45 4.1.5. Lack of skills and awareness 47 4.2. Instruments for promoting space market uptake 48 4.2.1. Support to space research 48 PE 569.984 3 Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy 4.2.2. Regulations 51 4.2.3. Dissemination activities 53 5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 55 5.1. Conclusions 55 5.2. Recommendations 56 ANNEXES 58 ANNEX 1. List of people interviewed 58 ANNEX 2. Mini case studies 61 ANNEX 3. A synthesis note on the US market and policy context of satellite data and information 85 REFERENCES 93 European policy and regulatory documents 93 Studies and reports 95 Case studies references 97 US - Space policies, studies and reports 98 4 PE 569.984 Space Market Uptake in Europe LIST OF ACRONYMS EARSC European Association of Remote Sensing Companies EEA European Environmental Agency EEAS European External Action Services EC European Commission EGNOS European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service EO Earth Observation EP European Parliament ESA European Space Agency EU European Union EUMETSAT European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites GEOSS Global Earth Observation System of Systems GDP Gross Domestic Product GMES Global Monitoring for Environment and Security GPS General Positioning System GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System GSA Global Satellite Agency LBS Location Based Services MFF Multiannual Financial Framework NASA National American Space Agency NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development OP Open Service SAR Synthetic Aperture Radar SATNAV Satellite Navigation TFEU Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union US United States (of America) VHR Very High Resolution PE 569.984 5 Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy LIST OF BOXES Box 1: The US space data dissemination policy 26 Box 2: The eCall emergency system 29 Box 3: Examples of EO services developed for institutional customers 33 Box 4: Examples of EO services developed for the oil and gas market 34 Box 5: The UK space policy and the example of the Catapult approach 41 Box 6: The key role of the IT platform for an effective distribution of EO data 46 Box 7: The Direct Readout Community 92 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: The geo-spatial service industry in a nutshell 26 Figure 2: Major GNSS-based applications market segments, based on cumulative core revenue 2013-2023 29 Figure 3: The GNSS downstream value chain 30 Figure 4: The EO downstream market value chain 35 Figure 5: Breakdown of interviewees by category 58 Figure 6: Energy sector flowchart 62 Figure 7: Satellite-based map of ground displacement in Kazakstan used for monitoring oil fields 64 Figure 8: Satellite-based map of gravity field in Tibet used for oil and gas exploration activities 64 Figure 9: Defence sector flowchart 66 Figure 10: SafeSeaNet AIS-based vessel monitoring system 68 Figure 11: CleanSeaNet satellite-based oil spill monitoring service based on the Canadian and the Italian radar satellites 68 Figure 12: Global vessel monitoring using AIS data 70 Figure 13: VT Explorer app for smartphones 70 Figure 14: Agriculture sector flowchart 72 Figure 15: Example of the crop classification using Earth observation data 74 Figure 16: Example of the FieldSense app for smartphones that will give farmers weekly updates on crop health status 74 Figure 17: Development of the same patterns in the ripening phase for one field over several years and three crop types (winter rape seed, winter wheat, and winter barley) 74 6 PE 569.984 Space Market Uptake in Europe Figure 18: Yield estimation for winter wheat six weeks before harvest using airborne and satellite data in comparison to the yield map as measured with a combine harvester 75 Figure 19: Environmental sector flowchart 76 Figure 20: The Global Land Cover-SHARE database provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 78 Figure 21: Percentage of land area formally protected, by terrestrial ecoregion 78 Figure 22: eoApp® WQ Monitoring Service. Example of cholorophyll-a retrieval using satellite observations 80 Figure 23: HappySun app for smartphones 80 Figure 24: ObsAIRve app for smartphones 80 Figure 25: Humanitarian sector flowchart 81 Figure 26: Satellite-based map of flood occurred in Romania and Ukraine in July 2008 83 Figure 27: Satellite-based map of burnt areas occurred in Maido Massif (Reunion Island) in October 2011 83 Figure 28: Satellite-based land cover map of Bulgaria 83 Figure 29: Map illustrating the risks in case of a tsunami in Indonesia 83 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Barriers to space market uptake 9 Table 2: Recommandations 10 Table 3: Families of Copernicus satellites: key features and services 23 Table 4: Key features of Galileo and Copernicus 24 Table 5: Type of applications of the GNSS market segment 28 Table 6: Top European companies in the GNSS downstream industry 31 Table 7: Examples of applications by EO market segment 32 Table 8: Largest EU remote sensing companies 36 Table 9: Examples of Member States’ policies for satellite data access 39 Table 10: based on the use of space data 48 Table 11: List of interviewees 59 Table 12: Annual benefits to all commercial GPS Users in the U.S. Economy 88 PE 569.984 7 Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background The launch of the European Union (EU) Space Policy in 2007 gave a new momentum to the implementation of the two European space flagship programmes Copernicus (Earth Observation) and Galileo (GNSS - Global Navigation Satellite System). Whereas Galileo is still in its deployment phase, Copernicus has already entered the exploitation phase. So far, roughly EUR 6 billion have been funded by the EU for the design and development of the two programmes and more than EUR 11 billion have been earmarked in the 2014-2020 programming period. Key rationales for EU intervention in the space sector include: i) the need to develop an independent European space satellite infrastructure, ii) the advantage of putting together resources and expertise from ESA and Member States, and iii) the opportunity to benefit from the development of a satellite-based services and products that would contribute to the achievement of the Europe 2020 objectives1. Objective and methodology of the study Dissemination and exploitation of space data across the EU is currently constrained by manifold barriers which prevent the market of space data from growing. This study aims to assess the current state of development of the European downstream space market, and also shed light on the potential use of services and products based on space data and information in both the public and private sector.