JEFFSOL Alkylene Carbonates

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

JEFFSOL Alkylene Carbonates HUNTSMAN Ethylene Carbonate Propylene Carbonate Butylene Carbonate UltraPureTM Ethylene Carbonate UltraPureTM Propylene Carbonate Carbonate Blends JEFFSOL® Alkylene Carbonates HUNTSMAN THE HUNTSMAN MISSION We will operate safe, clean, We have an aggressive growth efficient facilities in an philosophy which reflects the environmentally and socially spirit of free enterprise and responsible manner. maximization of long term profits, the best motives for creating We provide a work environment mutual benefits for customers, that fosters teamwork, employees, suppliers and the innovation, accountability and communities in which we are open communication. located. We will place into society assistance for those who suffer, hope for those who may need inspiration, and education for those who may feel the challenge but do not have the means. TABLE OF CONTENTS HUNTSMAN Glossary of Abbreviations ii Introduction 1 Description 2 Physical Properties 3 Applications 4 Solvents 5 Cleaners / Degreasers 7 Paint Strippers / Removers 11 Chemical Intermediates 15 Handling, Storage and Shipping Information 22 Health and Safety 25 JEFFSOL® Carbonate Literature List 28 Huntsman Sales Offices 29 HUNTSMAN GLOSSARY of ABBREVIATIONS BA Benzyl Alcohol BC 1, 2-Butylene Carbonate DB Diethylene Glycol Butyl Ether DBA Diethylene Glycol Butyl Ether Acetate DBE Dibasic Ester Mixture DMSO Dimethyl Sulfoxide DPM Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether EB Ethylene Glycol Butyl Ether EC Ethylene Carbonate EC-25 EC/PC (25/75 by weight) EC-50 EC/PC (50/50 by weight) EC-75 EC/PC (75/25 by weight) EEP 3-Ethoxy Ethyl Propionate EGDA Ethylene Glycol Diacetate FA Furfuryl Alcohol GBL g - Butyrolactone MEK Methyl Ethyl Ketone MIAK Methyl Isoamyl Ketone NAAC N-Amyl Acetate NMP N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone PB Propylene Glycol Butyl Ether PC Propylene Carbonate PM Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether PMA Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate TEG Triethylene Glycol ii INTRODUCTION HUNTSMAN Huntsman Corporation is the The JEFFSOL® Carbonates can be world's largest producer of used as "safe" and alkylene carbonates. At a environmentally friendly solvents production capacity of 65 million replacing harsh products such as pounds per year, Huntsman can methylene chloride, acetone, produce about 50% of the world's aromatic solvents, and other carbonates. highly volatile and hazardous solvents. The roots of Huntsman's carbonates experience date back Carbonates can also be used as to the 1950's; however, in 1996, reactive intermediates replacing the company brought on stream ethylene and propylene oxides the first "large" scale plant in the and ethylene and propylene world. glycols in many reactions. Huntsman produces its Where substitution occurs, use of carbonates in three separate the carbonates may allow for a manufacturing facilities on two more selective reaction and continents and maintains bulk minimizes side reactions and storage of these materials in contaminants. various sites around the world. In many cases, our technical staff In addition to JEFFSOL® Ethylene will assist our customers in Carbonate (EC), JEFFSOL® formulations, carbonate Propylene Carbonate (PC) and reactions, and development of JEFFSOL® Butylene Carbonate specialized products. (BC), the group produces a series of UltraPure™ Carbonates and is continuing to invest in specialty carbonates and carbamates. Huntsman is dedicated to developing the latest production technology and specialized derivatives for use in a variety of markets. 1 HUNTSMAN JEFFSOL® CARBONATES The JEFFSOL® Carbonates are cyclic All JEFFSOL® Carbonate products organic esters made from the are clear in appearance. reaction of ethylene oxide, ® propylene or butylene oxide with The JEFFSOL Carbonates have carbon dioxide. found use in numerous applications that require Our core products are JEFFSOL® outstanding solvency combined Ethylene Carbonate, Propylene with high flash points, low Carbonate, and Butylene evaporation rates, low VOCs, and Carbonate (see structures below). low toxicity. In addition, these molecules can be used as reactive ® Blends of JEFFSOL Ethylene intermediates. Carbonate and Propylene Carbonate are also available. They produce a variety of commercially important chemicals These blends may be used where and derivatives through liquid products are required. chemistries such as ® (Note JEFFSOL Ethylene hydroxyalkylation, Carbonate is solid at room transesterification, and carbamate temperature.) formation. JEFFSOL® EC-75, EC-50 and EC-25 are blends of JEFFSOL® Ethylene Carbonate and Propylene Carbonate in the ratios of 75/25, 50/50 and 25/75 by weight, respectively. H H H2CCH2 H2C C CH3 H2C C CH2CH3 OO OO OO C C C O O O Ethylene Propylene Butylene Carbonate Carbonate Carbonate (EC) (PC) (BC) Table1—Typical Analyses of JEFFSOL® Carbonates EC PC BC EC-75 EC-50 EC-25 Carbonate (wt.%, GLC) 99.8-99.95 99.8-99.95 99.8-99.95 99.8-99.95 99.8-99.95 99.8-99.95 Glycol Content (wt. %, GLC) 0.005-0.02 0.02-0.10 0.02-0.1 0.03-0.10 0.03-0.10 0.03-0.10 Water (wt. %, Karl Fisher 0.01-0.05 0.01-0.05 0.01-0.10 0.01-0.10 0.01-0.10 0.01-0.10 Ash (wt. %) 0-0.0002 0-0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 pH (10% aq. solution) 6.7-7.0 6.7-7.0 6.7-7.0 6.7-7.0 6.7-7.0 6.7-7.0 Pt-Cobalt Color 5.0-20.0 5.0-20.0 10-50 5.0-20.0 5.0-20.0 5.0-20.0 2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES HUNTSMAN Table2—Physical Properties of JEFFSOL® Carbonates Property EC PC BC EC-75 EC-50 EC-25 Molecular Wt. (g/mole) 88.06 102.09 116.12 91.19 94.55 98.18 Boiling Point (C°) 248 242 251 246 - 247 244 - 245 243-244 Freezing Point (C°) — -49 <-45 17 -10 <-51 Melting Point (C°) 36.4 — — — — — Flash Point (°F, PMCC) 320 275 275 305 - 310 295 - 300 285 - 290 Evaporation Rate < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 (25°C, n-BuAc = 1.00) Density (g/ml, 25°C) 1.338* 1.200 1.141 1.302 1.266 1.232 Density (g/ml, 40°C) 1.321 1.183 1.127 1.259 1.251 1.217 Molar Volume 65.8 85.1 101.8 70.6 74.6 80.3 (ml/g mole, 25°C) Viscosity (cp, 25°C) 2.56* 2.50 3.15 2.55 2.52 2.52 Viscosity (cp, 40°C) 1.95 1.86 2.24 1.92 1.90 1.88 CAS 96-49-1 108-32-7 4437-85-8 96-49-1 96-49-1 96-49-1 registry number 108-32-7 108-32-7 108-32-7 * Supercooled The vapor pressure graph below clearly illustrates the low volatility advantage of JEFFSOL® EC, PC, and BC compared to traditional solvents. Vapor Pressure Comparison 900 800 D-Limonene 700 600 e, mm Hg 500 NMP 400 essur BA 300 DBE 200 Vapor Pr EC/PC/BC 100 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Temperature Degree C 3 HUNTSMAN APPLICATIONS JEFFSOL® Carbonates are used in a wide spectrum of applications. The matrix below illustrates some of the more common ones. Huntsman has a Technical Service staff dedicated to developing new markets, new applications, and improved formulations with JEFFSOL® Carbonates. Table 3 — JEFFSOL® CARBONATES Applications Matrix TM Application Ethylene Propylene Butylene Carbonate UltraPure Literature Carbonate Carbonate Carbonate Blends Carbonates Available "Safe" Solvents H H H k • Electrochemical H H H H H k • Ag H H H k • Cosmetics & Personal Care H H H H k Cleaners / Degreasers H H H k • Industrial & Consumer H H H k Paint Strippers / Removers H H H k Chemical Intermediates H H H H k Woodbinder Resins H H H H k Urethane (Reactive Diluent) H H H H k Foundry Sand Binders H H H H k Lubricants / Greases H H H k Photochromic H H H k Plasticizer H H H H k Gas Treating H H H k Epoxy Resins (Reactive Diluent) H H H H k Water Scavenger H H H H k Antipilling H H H H k Textile Dyeing H H H H k Superabsorbent Polymers H H k Tail Solvent (Bake Enamels) H H H k k Contact your Huntsman sales representative for more information 4 SOLVENTS HUNTSMAN The JEFFSOL® Carbonates are perchloroethylene, excellent polar solvents for many trichloroethylene, NMP, acetone, organic and inorganic materials. MEK, and toluene among others. Their excellent solvency The JEFFSOL® Carbonates offer properties combined with high outstanding properties and flash points, high boiling points, advantages as substitutes for low evaporation rates, low VOC, these targeted solvents as low toxicity, and low odor make illustrated in Tables 4 and 5. them particularly attractive choices for many solvent applications today. Some of the traditional solvents targeted for replacement in the United States include: methylene chloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, Table4—Volatile Organic Content (ASTM D-2369) Products %VOC(110°C) JEFFSOL® BC 18 JEFFSOL® PC 28 JEFFSOL® EC-50 31 JEFFSOL® EC 34 PM 100 DPM 100 DBE 100 BA 100 NMP 100 D-Limonene 100 Limonene 145 100 5 HUNTSMAN SOLVENTS (continued) These advantages make the Other diversified applications for JEFFSOL® Carbonates extremely JEFFSOL® Carbonates include, but beneficial in numerous solvent are not limited to: applications. l Circuit Board Cleaners Two primary uses are in l Polyurethane Cleanup Solvents cleaners/degreasers and paint l Carburetor Cleaners strippers. l Polymer/resin Cleanup In addition, the UltraPure ™ l Solvents for Inks and Ink grades are used in electronic Cleaners applications because of their high l Solvent for Dye used in purity and low glycol and water Carbonless Paper content. l Solvents for Cosmetics (wetting agent for clays) l Unsaturated Polyester Cleanup Solvent l All-Purpose Cleaners l Structural Adhesives Cleanup Solvent l Polymer Solvent for Reaction Processing l Solvent for Polyurethane Elastomer Pellets l Cleaning stereolithography parts (remove resins) Table5—AdvantagesinUsing JEFFSOL® Carbonates Products Flash Pt., Boiling Pt., Evap.
Recommended publications
  • Catalysis Science & Technology
    Catalysis Science & Technology Accepted Manuscript This is an Accepted Manuscript, which has been through the Royal Society of Chemistry peer review process and has been accepted for publication. Accepted Manuscripts are published online shortly after acceptance, before technical editing, formatting and proof reading. Using this free service, authors can make their results available to the community, in citable form, before we publish the edited article. We will replace this Accepted Manuscript with the edited and formatted Advance Article as soon as it is available. You can find more information about Accepted Manuscripts in the Information for Authors. Please note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the text and/or graphics, which may alter content. The journal’s standard Terms & Conditions and the Ethical guidelines still apply. In no event shall the Royal Society of Chemistry be held responsible for any errors or omissions in this Accepted Manuscript or any consequences arising from the use of any information it contains. www.rsc.org/catalysis Page 1 of 10 Catalysis Science & Technology Catalysis Science & Technology RSC Publishing ARTICLE Carbonates as reactants for the production of fine chemicals: the synthesis of 2-phenoxyethanol Cite this: DOI: 10.1039/x0xx00000x P. Ziosi a,b , T. Tabanelli a, G. Fornasari, a S. Cocchi a, F. Cavani a,b,* , P. Righi a,b,* Manuscript Received, The solventless and heterogeneously catalysed synthesis of 2-phenoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monophenyl ether) via the reaction between phenol and ethylene carbonate was investigated DOI: 10.1039/x0xx00000x using Na-mordenite catalysts, as an alternative to the industrial process using ethylene oxide and homogeneous basic conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethylene Glycol
    Ethylene glycol Ethylene glycol (IUPAC name: ethane-1,2-diol) is an organic Ethylene glycol compound with the formula (CH2OH)2. It is mainly used for two purposes, as a raw material in the manufacture of polyester fibers and for antifreeze formulations. It is an odorless, colorless, sweet-tasting, viscous liquid. Contents Production Industrial routes Biological routes Historical routes Uses Coolant and heat-transfer agent Antifreeze Precursor to polymers Other uses Dehydrating agent Hydrate inhibition Applications Chemical reactions Toxicity Environmental effects Names Notes Preferred IUPAC name References Ethane-1,2-diol External links Other names Ethylene glycol 1,2-Ethanediol Production Ethylene alcohol Hypodicarbonous acid Monoethylene glycol Industrial routes 1,2-Dihydroxyethane Ethylene glycol is produced from ethylene (ethene), via the Identifiers intermediate ethylene oxide. Ethylene oxide reacts with water to CAS Number 107-21-1 (http produce ethylene glycol according to the chemical equation: s://commonche mistry.cas.org/d C2H4O + H2O → HO−CH2CH2−OH etail?cas_rn=10 7-21-1) 3D model (JSmol) Interactive This reaction can be catalyzed by either acids or bases, or can occur image (https://ch at neutral pH under elevated temperatures. The highest yields of emapps.stolaf.e ethylene glycol occur at acidic or neutral pH with a large excess of du/jmol/jmol.ph water. Under these conditions, ethylene glycol yields of 90% can be p?model=OCC achieved. The major byproducts are the oligomers diethylene glycol, O) triethylene glycol, and tetraethylene glycol. The separation of these oligomers and water is energy-intensive. About 6.7 million tonnes 3DMet B00278 (http://w are produced annually.[4] ww.3dmet.dna.af frc.go.jp/cgi/sho A higher selectivity is achieved by use of Shell's OMEGA process.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Dimethyl Carbonate As Potential Reactant in Non-Catalytic
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Kyoto University Research Information Repository Dimethyl carbonate as potential reactant in non-catalytic Title biodiesel production by supercritical method Author(s) Ilham, Zul; Saka, Shiro Citation Bioresource Technology (2009), 100(5): 1793-1796 Issue Date 2009-03 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/87775 Right c 2009 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved. Type Journal Article Textversion author Kyoto University Dimethyl Carbonate as Potential Reactant in Non-Catalytic Biodiesel Production by Supercritical Method Zul Ilham and Shiro Saka* Department of Socio-Environmental Energy Science, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan *Corresponding author: Shiro Saka Department of Socio-Environmental Energy Science, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Tel : +81-75-753-4738 Fax: +81-75-753-4738 E-mail address: [email protected] 1 Abstract In this study, the non-catalytic supercritical method has been studied in utilizing dimethyl carbonate. It was demonstrated that, the supercritical dimethyl carbonate process without any catalysts applied, converted triglycerides to fatty acid methyl esters with glycerol carbonate and citramalic acid as by-products, while free fatty acids were converted to fatty acid methyl esters with glyoxal. After 12 min of reaction at 350 °C/20 MPa, rapeseed oil treated with supercritical dimethyl carbonate reached 94% (w/w) yield of fatty acid methyl ester. The by-products from this process which are glycerol carbonate and citramalic acid are much higher in value than glycerol produced by the conventional process.
    [Show full text]
  • US5349077.Pdf
    |||||||||||||||| USOO5349077A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,349,077 Doya et al. 45 Date of Patent: Sep. 20, 1994 54 PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ALKYLENE 5,003,084 3/1991 Su et al. .............................. 549/230 CARBONATES FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 75 Inventors: Masaharu Doya; Takashi Ohkawa; Yutaka Kanbara; Aksushi Okamoto; 0443758 8/1991 European Pat. Off. Kenichi Kimizuka, all of Niigata, OTHER PUBLICATIONS Japan Chemical Abstracts, vol. 82, No. 23, Jun. 9, 1975, Co 73 Assignee: Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, lumbus, Ohio; Sergio Fumasoni et al. Inc., Tokyo, Japan Primary Examiner-José G. Dees 21 Appl. No.: 99,461 Assistant Examiner-Joseph M. Conrad, III 22 Filed: Jul. 30, 1993 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Wenderoth, Lind & Ponack (30) Foreign Application Priority Data (57) ABSTRACT Jul. 31, 1992 JP Japan .................................. 4-205362 A process for producing alkylene carbonates which Jul. 31, 1992 (JP) Japan .......................... ... 4-205363 comprises reacting urea and glycols described by the Jul. 31, 1992 JP Japan .......................... ... 4-205364 general formula RCH(OH) CH2OH; wherein R repre Jun. 30, 1993 JP Japan .................................. 5-161857 sents hydrogen or an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 51) Int. Cl. .............................................. CO7C 69/96 carbons, using a catalyst containing zinc, magnesium, 52 U.S. Cl. .................................... 558/260; 549/229; lead or calcium at reduced pressures. The alkylene 549/230 carbonates are produced with high yield easily using 58 Field of Search ................. 558/260; 549/229, 230 raw materials which are comparatively inexpensive with a mild reaction that does not involve explosive or 56) References Cited hazardous materials. U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 2,773,881 12/1956 Dunn et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Ep 2937372 A1
    (19) TZZ ¥¥ _T (11) EP 2 937 372 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: (51) Int Cl.: 28.10.2015 Bulletin 2015/44 C08G 64/30 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 14382152.8 (22) Date of filing: 25.04.2014 (84) Designated Contracting States: • Bojarski, Aaron David AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB 30390 La Aljorra, Cartagena (AR) GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO • Vic Fernández, Ignacio PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR 30390 La Aljorra, Cartagena (ES) Designated Extension States: BA ME (74) Representative: Modiano, Micaela Nadia Modiano & Partners (DE) (71) Applicant: SABIC Global Technologies B.V. Thierschstrasse 11 4612 PX Bergen op Zoom (NL) 80538 München (DE) (72) Inventors: • Garcia Agudo, Jorge A 30390 La Aljorra, Cartagena (ES) (54) AMETHOD OF MELT POLYMERIZING POLYCARBONATE AND POLYCARBONATES DERIVED THEREFROM (57) In an embodiment, a melt polymerization proc- sition comprises an alpha catalyst and a beta catalyst ess can comprise: melt polymerizing a dihydroxy com- comprising TPPP, wherein the polymerized polycar- pound and a carbonate compound in a polymerization bonate has a branching level of less than or equal to 900 unit in the presence of a catalyst composition to form ppm. polymerized polycarbonate, wherein the catalyst compo- EP 2 937 372 A1 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) EP 2 937 372 A1 Description TECHNICAL FIELD 5 [0001] This application relates to catalysts in a melt polymerization and to processes of using the same, and especially relates to a melt polymerization process using a catalyst comprising tetraphenyl phosphonium phenolate.
    [Show full text]
  • Process for Simultaneous Production of Ethylene Glycol and Carbonate Ester
    Europäisches Patentamt *EP001125915B1* (19) European Patent Office Office européen des brevets (11) EP 1 125 915 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.7: C07C 68/06, C07C 29/128, of the grant of the patent: C07C 31/20 25.05.2005 Bulletin 2005/21 (21) Application number: 01100972.7 (22) Date of filing: 17.01.2001 (54) Process for simultaneous production of ethylene glycol and carbonate ester Verfahren zur gleichzeitigen Herstellung von Ethylenglykol und Carbonatester Procédé pour la production simultanée d’éthylèneglycol et d’ester carbonate (84) Designated Contracting States: (74) Representative: DE ter Meer, Nicolaus, Dipl.-Chem., Dr. TER MEER STEINMEISTER & PARTNER GbR, (30) Priority: 19.01.2000 JP 2000009865 Patentanwälte, Mauerkircherstrasse 45 (43) Date of publication of application: 81679 München (DE) 22.08.2001 Bulletin 2001/34 (56) References cited: (73) Proprietor: Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation WO-A-99/64382 US-A- 5 214 182 Tokyo 108-0014 (JP) US-A- 5 847 189 (72) Inventor: Kawabe, Kazuki, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Yokkaichi-shi, Mie (JP) Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). EP 1 125 915 B1 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) EP 1 125 915 B1 Description [0001] The present invention relates to an efficient process for simultaneously producing ethylene glycol and a car- bonate ester as industrial materials, especially ethylene glycol important as a raw material for polyester resin and a 5 carbonate ester such as dimethyl carbonate useful as a raw material for polycarbonate resin.
    [Show full text]
  • Functional Cyclic Carbonate Monomers and Polycarbonates
    “[…] patience is sometimes the best policy” — Leonard, J.; Lygo, B.; Procter, G. Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry. Till Krypet List of Papers This thesis is based on the following papers, which are referred to in the text by their Roman numerals. I Efficient DNA Binding and Condensation Using Low Mole- cular Weight, Low Charge Density Cationic Polymer Am- phiphiles Mindemark, J.; Bowden, T. Macromolecular Rapid Communications 2010, 31, 1378–1382 II Low Charge Density Cationic Polymers for Gene Delivery: Exploring the Influence of Structural Elements on In Vitro Transfection Mindemark, J.; Tabata, Y.; Bowden, T. Accepted for publication in Macromolecular Bioscience III Synthesis and polymerization of alkyl halide-functional cyc- lic carbonates Mindemark, J.; Bowden, T. Polymer 2011, 52, 5716–5722 IV Diversity in cyclic carbonates: Synthesis of triazole- functional monomers using click chemistry Mindemark, J.; Bowden, T. Submitted manuscript Reprints were made with permission from the respective publishers. Contents 1 Introduction ......................................................................................... 11 1.1 Polymers ......................................................................................... 11 1.2 Polymers as biomaterials ................................................................ 12 1.2.1 Biodegradable polyesters and polycarbonates ....................... 13 1.2.2 Functional polymers .............................................................. 15 1.3 Cyclic carbonate monomers ...........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Safety Data Sheet According to 1907/2006/EC, Article 31 Printing Date 01.04.2020Version Number 4 Revision: 01.04.2020
    Page 1/8 Safety data sheet according to 1907/2006/EC, Article 31 Printing date 01.04.2020Version number 4 Revision: 01.04.2020 * SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking 1.1 Product identifier Trade name: 1mol/L Lithium hexafluorophosphate in (1:1:3 vol.%) Ethylene carbonate : Propylene carbonate : Dimethyl carbonate with 1wt.% Vinylene carbonate - 99,9% Article number: E020 UFI: TH30-W082-000P-86TG 1.2 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against No other important information available. Application of the substance / the mixture This product is intended for the exclusive use of Research and Development 1.3 Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Manufacturer/Supplier: Solvionic SA 195 route d'Espagne 31036 TOULOUSE FRANCE Phone number: +33 (0)5.34.63.35.35 Further information obtainable from: HSE Department 1.4 Emergency telephone number: ORFILA (INRS): +33 (0)1.45.42.59.59 CCHST: 1-800-668-4284 (Canada & U.S.A) SECTION 2: Hazards identification 2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture Classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 GHS02 Flam. Liq. 3 H226 Flammable liquid and vapour. GHS08 STOT RE 1 H372 Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure. GHS05 Skin Corr. 1B H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. Eye Dam. 1 H318 Causes serious eye damage. GHS07 Acute Tox. 4 H302 Harmful if swallowed. Skin Sens. 1 H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction. 2.2 Label elements Labelling according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 The product is classified and labelled according to the CLP regulation.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Study of Ethylene Carbonate-Based Electrolyte Decomposition at Li, Ca, and Al Anode Interfaces Joshua Young,* Peter M
    Article Cite This: ACS Appl. Energy Mater. XXXX, XXX, XXX−XXX www.acsaem.org Comparative Study of Ethylene Carbonate-Based Electrolyte Decomposition at Li, Ca, and Al Anode Interfaces Joshua Young,* Peter M. Kulick, Taylor R. Juran, and Manuel Smeu* Department of Physics, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States *S Supporting Information ABSTRACT: One of the major bottlenecks to the develop- ment of alternatives to existing Li ion battery technology, such as Li metal or multivalent ion (Mg, Ca, Zn, or Al) batteries, has to do with the layer of inorganic and organic compounds that forms at the interface between the metallic anode and electrolyte via solvent and salt decomposition (the solid− electrolyte interphase or SEI). In Li metal batteries the growth of dendrites causes continual formation of new SEI, while in multivalent ion batteries the SEI does not allow for the diffusion of the ions. Finding appropriate electrolytes for such systems and gaining an understanding of SEI formation is therefore critical to the development of secondary Li metal and multivalent ion cells. In this work, we use ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the initial stages of decomposition of organic electrolytes based on ethylene carbonate (EC) and formation of the SEI on Li, Ca, and Al metal fi fi 2− surfaces. We rst nd that pure EC only decomposes to CO and C2H4O2 species on each type of surface. However, when a salt 2− molecule is introduced to form an electrolyte, a second EC decomposition route resulting in the formation of CO3 and C2H4 begins to occur; furthermore, a variety of different inorganic compounds, depending on the chemical composition of the salt, form on the surfaces.
    [Show full text]
  • Enhanced Poly(Propylene Carbonate) with Thermoplastic Networks: a One-Pot Synthesis from Carbon Dioxide, Propylene Oxide, and a Carboxylic Dianhydride
    polymers Article Enhanced Poly(Propylene Carbonate) with Thermoplastic Networks: A One-Pot Synthesis from Carbon Dioxide, Propylene Oxide, and a Carboxylic Dianhydride Xianggen Chen 1,2, Lingyun Wang 2, Jiuying Feng 1, Xianling Huang 1, Xiuzhi Guo 1, Jing Chen 1, Zhenyuan Xiao 1, Xiangjun Liang 1 and Lijun Gao 1,* 1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Resource and Chemical Engineering Technology Research Center of Western Guangdong Province, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China; [email protected] (X.C.); [email protected] (J.F.); [email protected] (X.H.); [email protected] (X.G.); [email protected] (J.C.); [email protected] (Z.X.); [email protected] (X.L.) 2 Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-759-318-3452 Received: 23 April 2018; Accepted: 17 May 2018; Published: 21 May 2018 Abstract: Thermally and mechanically enhanced poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) with networks was prepared by adding a cyclic carboxylic dianhydride, bicyclo(2,2,2)oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTCDA), in the CO2/propylene oxide (PO) copolymerization. The obtained copolymers were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, DSC, and TGA. The gel, melt flow rate, hot-set elongation, and tensile properties were also measured. The formation of networks was confirmed by the presence of gel and the shape recovery after the hot-set elongation test. The minimum permanent deformation of the copolymer is 3.8% and that of PPC is 4539% higher than this value.
    [Show full text]
  • Polyhydroxyalkylation of Urea with Ethylene Carbonate and Application of Obtained Products As Components of Polyurethane Foams
    http://www.e-polymers.org e-Polymers 2008, no. 166 ISSN 1618-7229 Polyhydroxyalkylation of urea with ethylene carbonate and application of obtained products as components of polyurethane foams Iwona Zarzyka-Niemiec* *Rzeszów University of Technology, Department of Organic Chemistry, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] (Received: 17 March, 2008; published: 27 December, 2008) Abstract: The reaction between urea and ethylene carbonate occur with partial release of CO2 and partial incorporation of carbonate groups into products. The carbonate groups were found to be attached both to nitrogen of urea and to oxyethylene chain. The most effective catalyst of the synthesis was potassium carbonate. The hydroxyethyl and hydroxyethoxy groups of urea derivatives undergo partial dimerization to form carbamate groups in the products. The products of reaction between urea and ethylene carbonate have good thermal stability, they start to decompose at 200 0C. The obtained products can be used as polyol components for polyurethane foams. Polyurethane foams obtained from hydroxyethoxy derivatives of urea (EC8) are rigid products of low water uptake, good stability of dimensions, low mass loss on 30 days heating at 150 C, enhanced thermal stability and good compressive strength. Introduction Hydroxyalkyl derivatives of urea can be obtained by reaction of urea with corresponding aminoalcohols (I, y = 1) [1, 2]: O O 2H N CH O H+H N C NH H O CH HN C NH CH O H+2NH (1) 2 2 n y 2 2 2 n y 2 n y 3 (I) where: n = 2-5, y = 1, 2 or 3.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19 11) 4,192,810 W 45) Mar
    United States Patent (19 11) 4,192,810 W 45) Mar. 11, 1980 54 PREPARATION OF VICINAL EPOXIDES OTHER PUBLICATIONS A. L. Shapiro et al., Jour. Org. Chem., USSR, vol. 5 75 Inventor: Yulin Wu, Bartlesville, Okla. (1969) pp. 200-203. 73) Assignee: Phillips Petroleum Company, Primary Examiner-Norma S. Milestone Bartlesville, Okla. 57 ABSTRACT Vicinal epoxides having 2 to 30 carbon atoms per mole 21) Appl. No.: 934,667 cule are prepared by heating the corresponding carbon ate esters having the general formula 22 Filed: Aug. 17, 1978 Related U.S. Application Data R---RO O 62) Division of Ser. No. 845,183, Oct. 25, 1977, Pat. No. V / 4,111,965, which is a division of Ser. No. 459,628, Apr. C 10, 1974, Pat. No. 4,069,234. I O 51) Int. Cl’............................................ C07D 301/02 52 U.S. Cl. ................................................ 260/348.16 in the presence of a catalytic amount of a catalyst se 58 Field of Search .................................... 260/348.16 lected from the group consisting of phosphonium ha lides, sulfonium halides, sulfoxonium halides and metal salts selected from the group consisting of the halides, 56) References Cited sulfates and carboxylates having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS iron, tin, manganese and zinc. 893037 5/1944 France ................................ 260/348.16 47-15951 12/1972 Japan ..................................... 260/340.2 8 Claims, No Drawings 4,192,810 2 PREPARATION OF WICNAL EPOXDES This is a divisional application of application Ser. No. R---R 845,183, filed Oct. 25, 1977, now U.S. Pat. No. OHOH 4,111,965, which is a divisional of application Ser.
    [Show full text]