Juan De Nova, Southern Indian Ocean

A Late Quaternary record of highstand shedding from an isolated carbonate platform (Juan de Nova, southern Indian Ocean) John Counts, Stéphan Jorry, Natalia Vázquez Riveiros, Gwénaël Jouet, Jacques Giraudeau, Sandrine Chéron, Audrey Boissier, Elda Miramontes

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John Counts, Stéphan Jorry, Natalia Vázquez Riveiros, Gwénaël Jouet, Jacques Giraudeau, et al.. A Late Quaternary record of highstand shedding from an isolated carbonate platform (Juan de Nova, southern Indian Ocean). Depositional Record, Wiley, 2019, Celebration of the Career of Robert Nathan Ginsburg, 5 (3), pp.540-557. 10.1002/dep2.57. hal-02128739v2

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A Late Quaternary record of highstand shedding from an isolated carbonate platform (Juan de Nova, southern Indian Ocean)

Article in The Depositional Record · January 2019 DOI: 10.1002/dep2.57

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The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. 10.1002/dep2.doi: differences to lead between the of this version c and Version Record.Please copyediting, paginationbeen throughthe andproofreadingtypesetting, process,may which This article acceptedhas been for publication andundergone fullpeer review buthasnot b CollegeUniversity Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4,Ireland a *Corresponding Elda MIRAMONTES ( Audrey BOISSIER ( CHERONSandrine ( Jacques Gwenael Natalia J.JORRYStephan ( W.John COUNTS* ( Running head: (Juan deNova, A Late Quaternary Article Research :Original Article type 0000 ID: (Orcid RIVEIROS VAZQUEZ DR. NATALIA : (Orcid ID 0000 JOHN COUNTS DR.

Irish CentreIrish ResearchApplied for in forScience, Centre Geosciences (iCRAG),O'Brien AcceptedIFREMER Article VAZQUEZ GIRAUDEAU ( JOUET ( ,

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This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. that impacts deep OceanIndian andsu of highstand shedding low aragonite hypothesized littlechanged the over past 1Myr when ofbeginning highstand each interval o shallow platform platformcarbonate km south, ~10 tothe and content intervals biostratigraphy and over sea the past SW Ocean Indian Abstr Mer d CS 5002333615 c UMR CNRS 5805EPOC CNRS, UMR6538, Laboratoire GéosciencesCNRS, Océan,Institute Laboratoire Universitaire UMR6538, Accepted proximalnto the slopes and Article -

platform flooding act Université de BretagneOccidentale(IUEM A 27 - within sediment the

water environment of top. Platform (

MIS

m large increase

1 core , 5,7,9,11,13,15,23and25)

1 M Pessac Cedex France - sea stratigraphic records. preserves a preserves -

scale aragon

benthic pporting collected ontheseafloorcollected yr ,

inundation during 11. MIS Thisstudy expanding theknown ofthe occurrences process to southern the .

occurred Core -

. Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy deBordeaux,Allée SaintUniversité foraminifera Aragonite is Aragonite is

within within the its its chronology wasestablished high depositio ite dissolutioncycles areevidenced byadisproportionally importance asa importance depositional globally significant ;

due balanced to aggradation andsubsidence. allows carbonatemuds be to results showthatthe - resolution can be used can be

n basin. basin. l

, suspended water the in column, andredeposited δ likely 18

O is interpreted

near Juandenear Nova record . Sharp increases

T are marked byan sourced fromthenearbyJuan deNova

hroughout thehroughout to estimate - provides anew,exceptionally provides long record UBO), Plouzané,France 29280 of carbonate depth of platform the likely tophas

using to

the approximatethe result result in

winnow core, preservedcore,

calcareous nannofossil i a sland increase in sediment ragonite content from

at at ed from their original ed from their

flooding ofthe - 1909 mdepth Hilaire

export tothedeep Européen dela the the sea

P highstand aragonite aragonite reviously -

mechanism level

at at the

range

in the

This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. southern Indian Ocean. A carbonate carbonate response the to sea margins only in shedding inthehighstand modern oceans modelproposedoriginallyshedding byDroxler and Schlager (1985). however, and Sanders, 1997 & Jorry,Droxler 2013 al. Andresen documentedhas been bothmodern in flooded. thereflecting production times andexport of during carbonate whentheplatform topis with sea level change flatadjacent to during abundance Introduction a Keywords toll,

Accepted, 2007;Paul Article Unlike terrigenousUnlike sediments, c

Here, we describe for theHere, wedescribe first time Mozambique Channel, This indicate that mixedmay bemore systems complicated et et al. : mud

phenomenon - et al.et , 2003;Droxler from volcano Nova,anisolated, Juande topped platforms has a few well ). periods highsealevel of relatively , 2012; Past (Reymer )

and in the geologic the and in record

studies (Pagestudies single 27 single -

( studied localities, new Reijmer highstand shedding aragonite, - level change et al et

al., arbonate

., 2003; m et al. et

often - 1988; Paul 1988; Paul day settings sediment & sea an

, 2012; Dickens; 2005;Dunbar is

- exceptio been seen at aglobalat scale

level change level Rendle s generally limited to

are core, collectedcore, of carbonate platforms;

Betzler et al et usually

in ( ( - nally longrecord ofhighstand Everts, 1991 Hine et Hine et al., 1981 Bühring andReijmer, formation is . to increaseanddecrease proportionally ., 2012; Chabaud Carbonate contentin sediments - , MIS11 cored et al.et exported deep tothe ingreater sea

, 2013; carbonate carbonate platfor on the on the

; carbonate platforms and

than thethan simple highstand

needed to better understand needed understand tobetter Reijmer &

; Dickens; 2003)

Jorry Jorry Droxler Because t lower seamount rise et et al., Schlager et al.,et 2005 et al., et

2016), et al. ; he recordof

m inthe

1991 Lantz

2010 et al.,et shedding shedding of , 1990; , ; s ; Vecsei Vecsei ch

1994) et et ,

This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. thereflecting slope upper generally on been observed corals, composed mud,platform lackingin topis c m water depth 1 (Fig. northern side (red al., karstification Mozambique Channel volcano Background nearcarbonatearea platform sedimentary character and sedimentation rate exampleresolution of M records the

Accepted Article yr

2016)

in the form of E molluscs T Novaisland Juan de - ; cored he Météo F . The crescent mostly export ofcarbonate sediment andthe submarine flanks ofthe

and erosion ofand erosion ree carbonate lithified underlying , carbonate platform is generally flat and circular (Fig. 1D)

and foraminifers - rance, 2017). the platform the of the fragmentsskeletal algae ofcalcareous ( orange Fig.1D) in duetothe are aragonite

around the (Fig. 1 - shaped morphology of the island and morphologyshaped oftheisland largesand the bankonits volcanic nature ofthe volcanic

highstand highstand concept, shedding ( s.

40 cyclicity A, B 25

top The topoftheoverall platform

- km onsisting primarily of onsisting 35

(Jorry (Jorry ). . 135 2

° and Juan de Juan de Nova volcanic The subaerial islanditself ) is the is the subaerially exposed portion of a

with km off the western coastkm offthewestern ofMadagascar et al.,et

steeper steeper windwardon the side; in

seafloor muds in th

2016) platform timingplatform of flooding is undocumented fs from highstand previous the predominance ofwinds fromsouth the .

Clastic orvolcanic material has not (Jorry (Jorry

carbonate validat .

The edifice . et al., This study provides a provides This study ing it adjacent basin floor , (Fig. 1C) (Fig.

ranging between+15 ranging and Halimeda

sand < 2mm indiameter,

are steep are steep ( 2016).

as region a primary Counts conta ), Sediment onthe

of the Scleractinia small ( 0 o ins evidenceof - ver ver the past

47 in the in the et al.,et

control on control

deep °, with

(Jorry

ranges new, 200

2018 - sea

n high et et

30 ) 2 1 , ),

This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. 20 systemcoring R bythe Methodology primarily occurs inthesummermonths November between andMay surface current direction Nova Mozambique (Fig. 1A;Schott Channel Madagascar andCurrents) large creating ofthesecurrents,influence diverting (Northeast and flow andsouth north Southeast the Madagascar shields Mozambique (andthusJuan deNova)from Channel direct the fromlow latitudes towestaspart east area details slope Further of morphology andsedimentation onJuan deNovaand platformmarginthe 1909m in andon of depth aslope water focusthe island and platform intermixed from withthose Madagascar shelf the between

Accepted15 Article s

(Jouet (Jouet can befound inCounts island

Core MOZ4 southernIn the andcentral IndianOcean, theSouth EquatorialCurrent (SEC)at flows (Fig. 1D) 2000 and 2500

of study this (MOZ4

& are variable,are

Deville, 2015) , with . The Mozambiqueaffected isseasonally bymonsoons;rainfall Channel

- top CS09 intensities /

form m water depth though Pourquoi Pas? (16°50.802’ S,42°45.440’E) (16°50.802’

a pure carbonate carbonate a pure

et al.et Current data Current data around island the bytheR/Vwere collected - CS09) lies lies CS09) in situ rang

(2018). ing of ocean

(Fig.

et al., measurements

eddies thatmove the across southwards

during during researchthe PAMELAcruise from on the

2009). environment - less than than less scale anticyclonic of gyres. The island ) . lower slopeof sideof lower leeward (northern) the

on the deepseaflooron the Although platform Surface c show a consistent tonortha consistent south show 20 to was collected withwas collected a

. The 4.3 urrents surrounding urrents surrounding more than ° marine sediment

inclination inclination -

derived sediments are derived ( , Sætre, 1985 the 100 Juan de Juan de Nova

surrounding cm/sec (Fig. 1D)(Fig. Calypso - MOZ04 MOZ04 core that is thatcore is ) Juan de .

near piston piston . in

the This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. visualizemicroscope better to natureoflithologic the changes. aragonite toestimateconfidently be used the XRDWD and removedpoint 980cm at depth and carbonate detrital ( S ED a (WD (percentage) ofmajor elements performed in core by provided quantitative centimet AVAATECH and analysed with Cascade using 7.1softwarewere processed L’Atalante Schlanger, 1988 r trontium Acceptedagonite Article - XRF aragonite every 10mineralogical cmfor bulk composition - XRF)

r - e Sr composition from 130XRD the

deficient intervals in the . is preferentiallyconcentrated in

during theP . MSCL

compositional datafor various content measurecontent ED In order higherIn order toobtain a -

house using a Bruker house using aBruker AXS diffractometer content - energy dispersive dispersive energy XRF measurements 2B).Theseresults (Fig. - XRF ), and ), and

( a GEOTEK coremultisensor logging system (MSCL) and Boardman provided . showed significant ahighly correlation (r

In order to to order In the ratio Ca/Sr insediment TOLEMEE survey in2014withTOLEMEE ahull survey

bulk density and bulk density reflectance d et al., et approximately

; Fig. was performed using X corroborate corroborate - core werealso scanning imageda electron with ray fluorescence ( aragonite

1986; 2 A - resolution ofsediment over record composition time, ),

with generally lessbetweenwith generally than10%deviance measurements compared were the to Hodell

aragonite . chemical

flux time. over every centimetreevery he core wasdescribed he core ED - et a et XRF taken samples results, were has been used thehas been proxy in pastasa for

when it inseawateris precipitated ED elements, including a Bruker a Bruker dispersiveXRFwavelength l using using ., .

2008 - Additional quantification

XRF)

data indicat X Aragonite ; Chabaud

- - (light/dark value).

ray diffractionray

mounted (150kHz) ADCP (Chéron (Chéron

2 core scannercore =0.86 e

that on board , with asingleoutlying - enriched and et al., et al., Sr s trontium content alone

every an ( , photographed,

2016) 2016 XRD WD S emi

) (Sr) ) - in the . . Here,

XRF and analysis - , was can

and Sr

, This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. Acceptedpresent productionfor carbonate onthe values) ( Spratt and Lisiecki given ofpercentage aragonite in core(asdetermined the byXRD)sea was comparedto level for a Weaver(1988), etal.(1998). (1993), andGiraudeau species/taxonomical categories 2005)as Monechi, of nannofossilspecies(Thierstein calcareous constrained by biostratigraphicdatums defined as occurrences byfirst and last biohorizons or SEANOE ( 5.4 kyr Article inTable 1 noted theRaymo, using 2005), program(Paillard AnalySeries onwas based correlation ofthe and international standards (NBS 253 Germany University, Kiel at isotopes Laboratorythe Leibniz for expressed hereafter, in ViennaPee ‰ versus sample, benthic

mass spectrometer time . - .

One

foraminifera day platform >200 µm, Data forthe used model age isavailable as online asupplementary setat data Percentage ofaragonite was compared also the to interval https://doi.org/10.17882/58006 - centimetre ; error

total total of , rounded to the , rounded 1ky tothe closest well well as bydominancei 20 . . Monospecific Monospecific

- of points tie from ThermoScientific thick ) until 800 ) until , 266 using using

sediment

samples ,

benthic platform, bathymetric asdeterminedfrom data which werecalibrated to isotopic stagesaccording to Pujos - a 19 andIA Kiel IVcarbonateKiel preparation device connected to a

is primarily a result ofthe is primarily aresult sampling andaverages interval

Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi ka, and from Miller ka, andfromMiller Radiometric Dating ) s δ

amples were were taken every10cmamples of for extraction were picked 18 ntervals within this group ). O record the to LR04 EA This st This - et al.,et Dee Belemnite, VPDB . r - Precision ofPrecision all different laboratory internal . Sea 603) ratigraphic framework wasfurther

1977; Sato

Once theagemodel wasestablished, the and analysed for is level valueswere used takenfrom

± et al., et al

0.09

estimated optimal available area and . for (2011) olderdates

1996). ‰ samples Stable Stable et al., et benthic .

The primarymodel age

of single of single

relative toNBS relative 1991; Reale

Tie points Isotope Research Isotope Research at 18 (

O/ 3 stack (Lisiecki - 8 individuals per 8 individuals per 16 O

( on the δ and error 18 & O

(mean - 19 MAT & )

are This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. 2010 linear sedimentationrate ( where wt% methodology ofJorry Ifremer using prepared Thesewere sampled sections. forthin va were ( examined abinocular under microscope determine to origin, using their Milliman mm) gramsand sieved at wassplit bedgrained 3andm between 4 diffraction particle sizer analysis inseveralsize sieving classes duringmarine theREEFCORES (2011 investigations project Accepted Article1974 . Each fraction was split . Eachfraction further ) . ρ aguide for) as identification. Elsewhere in core,presumed the unconformities in muds Mass accumulationMass rates of size Bulk grain db throughout core the at

was calculated byremoving densityof the from water space: pore

ar the University ofBordeaux. Muds is the weight aragonite, as percent is the determined LSR byXRF scanner, is core the a n

FEI Quanta200scanningmicroscope electron et et al. s

, allgrains which measured between 10 nm of samples from cm·ky

(2010) was carried outwith a Malvern Mastersizer 3000

three frommm >16

depth - MAR 1 ), and ρ ), and :

different size fractions aragonite

and approximately was selected forfurtheranalysis ρ a db = db r

= wt% Juan deNova Juan db ρ

is the density dry bulk b

down to to down

– (MAR

cuum blue with impregnated epoxyand (FP *ρ in core the ar

* LSR ar ; a minimum of w g.cm ) platform top

* 300 grains persizeclass were 300 grains

were also image

ρ (0.063 db - 2 /kyr

- 201 .

) werecalculated - 4 0.5

( ), g·cm , collected during shallow, collected and 2 mm. 2

w mm, — ere

2 mm.2 - a 3

) ( d in sample ofseveral determined by 0.5 Grain sizeGrain Jorry Jorry

- -

laser laser house at 1 The coarser

mm,and 1 et al.,et et al et using the the using .

- - 2

This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. Acceptedcomposition aragonitic skeletal fragments coarse,relatively consistingof almost carbon entirely for comparison with deep depthsplatform between top(water shown1 and21m;locations inFig.3A)wereexamined discontinuous reef fringing margin alongthe northern Sedimentology ofthe Results betherefore regarded a wasacquired,leading data tosimilar fordepthsm.values below 60 shouldareas Calculated Articlesimple geometric slope model the andprojecting gradient from outlaterally areas where the continuous coverage. Calculatedareas in bathymetric attheplatformdata topmargin,oftheslope uppermost have the part didnot gridshown mergedLidar dataset inFig.3A.Asthis the with lower sealevelsbyhypothetical generating smoothed bath systemlogging measureddirectly where ρ The platform top contains numerous metThe platform topcontains numerous T

he is the FPisfractional andρ bulk density, porosity,

potentially productiveofthe area platform forvarious topwascalculated can be foundcan be in , and FP was directly was directly , andFP on thecoreonboard platform s approximations.reasonable - sea sedimentssea incore.

Jorry Jorry (Fig. 3B (Fig. top and adjacent et et al. calculated

through through the

(2016). the upperthe slope therefore wereestimated using a

Pourqoui Pas? D)

from measurements bulkdensity these

re seafloor S . - ediment on platform composition the topis Detailed scale reefsinpatch interior its anda ymetric contoursonthehigh

ate sandate andgravel

(Fig. 3A)

w results o results

is the densityis the ofwater.

using amultisensorusing core . S amples taken onthe amples taken - resolution deeper f

platform topsediment in form the of - resolution

ρ . b

was This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. increasingly proportion finer higher at fractions planktonic fragments 10 cm grainsalthough are consistently betweenmm 0.42and 0.43 diameter (medium for in sand) 319 present platform, clas the (Counts clayminerals(Fig.platy 4B w needlesthese showe micron abundance werearagonite discernible easily inSEM image containing proportionallymore aragonite darker, brownerthan intervals. changes (Fig.4A).changes homogeneity, compositionalvariations mud the in evidenced are colo byquantifiable foraminifers 27dominant grainsizeovertheentire and 4A) (Fig.

Accepted XRF/XRDhere showedaragonite data to Article - silici 33 interval in the interval - 7 On the Discrete beds Discrete inthe ofcarbonatesandarerelatively rare core, only sediment. containscarbonate scale scale

et al.,et correspond to cm) reaching clastic mineralsclastic

containing abundant plankt , predominantly consisting of foram may sand reach needle

adjacent deep adjacent 2018). inifer tic materialtic The - vidence ofdissolution and pitt like withinthe crystals sediment bed While claythese

s. This composition composition s. This issize a changes in the aragonitic

XRD significant thickness . centr Except forExcept 3 -

, 600cmdepth)

seafloor, c likely size and e

(Fig. 4C)

(63 µmmm) to2 WD

does originate from not which platform the itself,

carbonate sandcarbonate on

- - m XRF rich intervals arefound ontheseafloor adjacent to the ore ore MOZ4 ic foraminiferaic andvariablecarbonate proportionsof calcareous algae, algae, coralcalcareous length .

Sand

be lessabundant,sediment primarily consisted of data , .

identified Grain

- is (Fig. 4D) content

sized - (Fig. dependant: - less 20less than µm CS09 CS09 . ing (Fig. ing (Fig. 4B

Despite apparentDespite the lithological size in this fines bed upward layers partlayers in upper the ofthecore,

(Fig. 4B (Fig. grains inbed this are almost skeletal all 2 )

as within the mud,colo with lighter consists reveal that

. silicate claysby T s by the presences bythe absence or of his foraminifers 1 s , 448 cm depth). , 448cmdepth).

2 , and bed ,

1410 cmdepth). almost of entirely ,

although the t the although

and others likeithave these cycliccolo both with only onewith only (from Increases Increases benthic make EDS analysis In places, up

ests

overall, overall,

and Elsewhere, in

an muds u u of at r r the the

rs rs a This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. (Weaver,zones 1993). The deeper unconformity (Unconformity 2) asanoi confirmed bearound 15 to MIS 13interglacialMIS interval. age However, the ofsediments ~18 between and 22m is insteadon was based the oftheabsence iso second, unconformity (Unconformity aresult of 1)wasnot its biostratigraphic constraint; placement abundance belowincreased section composition ofin the thesediment finest Unconformities fraction. chana sharp onebetweenlarger 623 and 872ka(MIS16 inthelowerof unconformities onefrom part core, 513 thewith both LR thewithin Pseudoemiliania lacunos is of core the data isotope matchesclosely LR04 the stack. approximatelyspanning last500 the to 13(Fig.5). kyr, back MIS C movement platform beenpreviously interpreted as

Accepted Articleore ch , and transitionthe between

The a to rono top ( be characterized bydifferencesinabundanceofplankt . Gephyrocapsa

ge insediment colo logy ge model also also Counts 04 stack and the nannofossil04 stack andthe datarequired the placement oftwo confirmed ofpresence keydatums bythe ( et et al.,

reveals that the a

species groupspecies , and

2018 the unconformity the

the productthe of - Reticulofenestra asanoi u 16 based onthe ofpresence ) r (lighter greyvs.brown), darker which , but incorporating likely slope material downslope during G. upper sediments ~18m are core acontinuous of record (Table (Table caribbeanica - 21). Both unconformities with ofthese coincide turbiditic event turbiditic The stratigraphic framework upper forthe part in both cases in both cases (Fig. 6). 2 ). Below this anagepoint, model compatible topically topically lighter peak the at end ofthe

and the small ) as ) as dominancewell changes

- 550 ka (MIS 13550 ka(MIS s P. lacunosa Emiliania huxleyi , originatingultimately from the on In this could ic foraminifera,ic with lasted The shallower shorter, Gephyrocapsa , absence the of also also section represent

much longer, - 14), and a 14), and much be seen ,

of the core, s

a change acme in thin in thin R. This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. Accepted mostthe (MIS1 recent overlap withgenerally the composit specificallygenerated forthewesternOcean Indian (Camoin sea generally content canbein the core correlated directly to globalsea years( thousand content consistentlyaragonite behind lag the initial lightening by ofisotoperatios relationship upacrossmultiple holds glacial relative 9, 11,13,15,23,and25)correspond instancetoincreased contentin almostaragonite every relationshipdirect 5). (Fig. intervals Isotopicallylighter (interglacial periods, MIS i.e., 1, 5,7, andsea cycles Aragonite level Article andisotopes nannofossi in Figure retrieved as betweenMIS 25andMIS30(ca.0.94 to1M R. asanoi The dominance of asanoi ofpresence dominant small forms of restrictions and best approximatelyspanning 250 ky - level fall (Spratt

coccoliths samplecoccoliths in a at taken 2372cmconstrainsthisintervaltoMIS23 depth The comparison the of to intervening stages(MIS2

5 is therefore themost of interpretation thetwoindependent parsimonious data sets increasing inconjunction with sea near bottom the ofconstrains further the core ageof the oldestsediments the Table 3 G. - fit matching i the of & caribbeanica

- Lisiecki, 2016; Miller 2) aragonite 2) aragonite increase. l biostratigraphy ). Since MIS MIS Since tiedto are eustatic riseand fall,variationsin aragonite

benthic r . This duration

together withtogether common the occur e curves shown e curves correlatewell inFigure 5, and also with - Gephyrocapsa, 4, 6,8,10,12,14,22,24,and26).

δ 18 . sotope ratio curve. notably,Most simultaneous the O record O record and thearagonitecontent shows aclear,

- - level rise,andd interglacial cycles, rapid in the increases When percentage ofaragonite the in the core et al., is the result ofis theresult bothbiostratigraphic

2011; Fig. 5). and ofcommon

- a level magnitude andtiming, ). (Table ecreasing correspondinglyecreasing with et al et ., 2011; Zinke Holocene curves sea level 2 r

ence of ). The model age shown P. lacunosa Although this P. lacunos et al.

and several

R. 2003) - a 25.

and :

This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. arevariable, inline with Quaternary sedimentat points benthic Sedimentation andmassaccumulationrates relationship shown inFig.7B other interglacialperiodsobserved all warmth and exemplified stage during 11.Duringthisperiod inFig.shading 7C). theformtake ofaragonite contentduringperiods high low of abnormally level sea substantially Fig. 7C), acurve create predicting expectedthe content atagiven aragonite sea level (blue curve in compared whe that to showintervals a transitions aragonitebetween andsea level content. aragonite be can also differentiated, withglacial stagesclustering together dueto their overalllower relationship can ( Accepted Article all data,

(Table 1)

Due to the construction Due tothe chronology(benthic of core the out To filter factorsother thatmay aragonite influence content, stack as measured byXRD the actual aragonite va the actualaragonite

(Fig. 7B) high sea high sea levels (Droxler ), from the expected from intervals during expected relationship certain the

b , withvaluesranging from while 1.7to8.1cm/kyr 5).Thesevalues, (Fig. n aragonite ulk linear sedimentation rates (LSR) consistent necessarily between are tie be seen withanR be seen to hold,

, where both , whereboth andseaaragonite are level rapidly increasing In particular,th n

all data areincluded. / sea .

)

- is cross level lues wa s is

(orange curve inFig.7C) also also et al., et relationship

, and is substantially less, andis predicted than bythe is - plotted against thesealevelfor a age,thegiven seen duringseen MIS9,11, and12 examined onlyduring short the period 2

2003),

value value of 0.411(Fig.

If this relationship is , characterizedbywhich is exceptional ion rates on ion slopes rates carbonate proximal and that aragonite content aragonite is

is much moreis much robust

can be seen seen can be to deviate δ 7 18 A applied whole tothe core to O ). .

These exceptions correlation Marine isotope s Marine isotope ,

- the rela the on average 13, butis (R 2 . These tionship =0.714) =0.714)

s to LR04 the

at best ,

(blue lower than stage

tages

often

This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. mechanically/chemicallysubsequently down (Conrad Neuman 1975),or break Land, & Accepted skeletonsbiogenically inthe oforganisms inorganically seawater insupersaturated (Macintyre from shallow the form the isnoevidencefallout; there fordilute gravityflows in believed to be through winnowing andoff timesduring pla whenthe sedimentswhere carbonate are exported off offlat sea past aragonite of Origins Discussion Article 5,whensealevel MIS was substantially than lower content higharagonite is as asother highstand intervals, but LSRboth the andtheMAR affectedstrongly bythe LSR. ofoccurs during Theprimarythis 9,when example MIS also both decrease(mean and duringlowstand approx. 4.8cm/year) (mean 3.5 approx. and MAR 1985).Schlager, MAR other in basins regions (e.g., periplatform oozesedimentation rates reported byDroxler generally fol curves curves The relationship describedThe relationship here -

level majority ofthe core. Ar

rising and falling andfalling rising at show a relationship wi show arelationship change - lows the aragonite contentcurve, aragonite thoughMARlows the water top Novaplatform, of Juande they the areprecipitated where cyclicity

is consistent withis consistent the depositionalmechanism shedding, ofhighstand Ar

other timesother

rang tform byseawater ( isinundated within awithin fewmet 10sof

The aragonite muds described areinterpretedhere tooriginate from approximately th sea level: th level: sea in general, during bothincrease highstand when sea 0 to3.6 between aragonite content, accumulation rate,and -

where they where they platform transport in suspension in platform andsubsequent transport g·cm - level maxima the same Thepattern times. ofMAR - - 2 re topped platforms and into thetopped platformsinto deepsea and ·kyr & s; Dutton begin

most of Reid, 1992; Milliman - 1 . Like aragonite content, both. Likearagonite content, LSR

Schlager

were as larger particles and as largerparticlesand the finethe et al. et Ar

of magnitude similar (

for a et al., ,

2009 - grained muds that given intervalgiven may be

1994 ,

2015). et al., et cm/year), with ). Export is

1 Ar 993)

change change & Ar e.g., ,

are are This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. of optimalproductivity carbonate Accepted carbonate productivity. however, wouldresult in asubstantialin increase areaavailable the for isproduced.Inundation ofthecarbonate where most platform top platform submerged,resulting be substant would in platform top ofthearagoniteresponsepart sediment, aragonitic the fraction is addedtothe deposit. amounts dilution. ofclastic than some Rather replacing of non component showing that thatLSRbulk LSRsuggests increase Articlefactors represent reducing exportedfactory, sediment volumes. dropin levelfollowingtheinitial sea initial transgressionmay disrupt thecarbonate also sedimentstore platform onthe form barri topand highstand; thismay toautocyclic processes bedue the (e.g., that growth offringing reefs) muds incore percentages gradually oftendecrease the after initial riseat thebeginning of cascading processes (Jorry fine Core MOZ4 the through offishfeeding and processes digestive (Perry - grained sedimenttransported bywind couldbe ortide

that affect carbonatevolume seafloor onthe Although s

reef depths growthis highest at <20m of the highstand she -

(Paul (Paul CS09 only lies 10.5kmfrom platform the withinmargin, well range the that the aragonitethe contentvariationthrough time simplyofchanging not result is the Bosscher andBosscher Schlager (1992)

the winnowing mechanismthe winnowing asubs plays et al.,

2012) et al.,et dding response initiation the before of other these is probably . During glacial

2016; Wilson for sea varying fromlevels

during highstand during also due carbonate toincreased onthe productivity

and Thus, Thus, lowstands & Glaser and (1991) and Glaser note Droxler ers toexporters (Boardman

Roberts, 1995).Roberts, . ially less area in ially lessareain shallowthe , so

The correlation betweenThe correlation MAR the the

is drivenbytheincrease in aragonite, this depththis relationship during seen transitions

tantial tantial role insediment export, , only steepflanks oft the

et et al. - generated currents, bydensity or 0

, 2011;Salter to

is - during during interglacials MAR 130

used here as used here as an estimate

m carbonate Ar

relative totherelative - et al., et and aragonite aragonitic , secondary et et

al. photic zone that 1986). , 2018) he Ar

and ,

The some . This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. where river systems volumes inMadagascar deposit large sediment ofclastic Acceptedcomponentmudof the adjacentbasinthereas wellbeen winnowedinto northwestto the elsewhere in occurring the region preserved platform top: processes discussedabove likely currently operating onJuandeNova combination mechanism of depositional botha andincreased sediment supply tothedeepseafloor,MARaragonite seeninthe as by Glase Article formation.dissolve through karst cementationmay in result rapid induration of sediment exposed (Dravis, 1996) that may later itself would any generate foravailable production. carbonate orderofto an magnitude smaller productive area below themargi steepslopes relatively mayplatform topto150km lead over level may deeper H at depths. occur also present present

related changes in related production. changes carbonate The show results thatfloodingof flat the - . Because the day, and (Fig. r and Droxler (1993)ther and in Droxler WaltonCaribbean Basin. , despite thepresence oforganisms aragonitic skeletons with sediments 8 ). Suchcalculations ), a

present

ragonitic muds also are on the deepseafloor on the

modern

are composedare primarily or ofmud andlittle aragonite, no currently is

uncertaint

substantial volumefine of . This is . Thisis confirmed observations on sedimentological the by - day highstand sheddingprocessesare platform isinundated, — Similar differencesinpotential productive areawere found

ies

owever, they may assume aplatformmorphologysimilar to that ofthe It is unlikely It isunlikely that the subaerially exposed platform top on the on the

2 for each variable, for eachvariable,

n (up to 45° lower onthe margin/upperslope) haveup available foravailable optimalproduction, carbonate butthe

likely originates from nearbycon , with mud generated andexported , withmudgenerated through the top of not preserved , minimumwith a ~1km of nearby Glorieuses platform Glorieuses nearby ar

shown in Figure 5 Figure shown in grained carbonate, as freshwater (Prat provide a first approximation afirst provide sea of including the factthatincluding the production , and havebeen hypothesized tohave

et al.,

The

2016) increased rateoffluxincreased of . . , is therefore , istherefore a The The process tinental shelves,tinental clastic 2

( of space (Fontanier (Fontanier around 7 around .

may 80 km

et be - This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. Acceptedwhen sealevelhappened was between represent increase) 5; numbers sea represent atclearly theofinterglacial onset conditions platform top,and this ofaragoniterate increase thanrate issharper the of sea and stages, a decrease during gradual subsequent regressions. In matches generally patternthe of sea thelevel at transitions duringinterval which flatpl Article floodingPlatform windows seen drifts,etc.)arenot waves, contourite bathymetric scours, inthe data collected. of deep contour currents;for evidence substantial bottom modification (sediment current Sedimentswas collected. inthisareaaretherefore deposited likely protectedfrom effect the south/southwest, resulting northside inacurrentshadowonthe oftheisland wherethecore fromtransport island. the (visible in Fig.1D) Madagascar the incise slope and aredeposited subsequently hemipelagsuspension, where they as al.,

2018) sharp increase Jorry Jorry . If . The fraction of finest these sedimentsfaroffshore may in betransported the moment of . also hereThis concept can beapplied onalongertimescale by examining onset of onset the spike the in et al. to (2010) introduce occurs interval mark a - platform flood

level onset values atthe and termination of rapid aragonite ragonite productionragonite Shallow current dataShallow (Fig. 1D)shows currents fromoriginating the the onsetthe of thehig is

s atform inundated duringtheglacial are tops interpreted tocoincide flooding withthe of th

of aragonite pro d - level change,a atthe i.e., rapid rise ofinterglacial onset

the concept of‘re the 57 ing, in ing, in

and in 1,5,7,9,11,15,and25 MIS hstand shedding hstand shedding duction. InJuan deNova,a

during theseintervals 2 all

m below its m belowits current level

of instances these provide further evidence further ofsediment provide - - level rise. f looding windows’ to denotelooding the windows’to

process. process. ic fallout. most The window duringwhich

the floodingevent can beassumed to

cases, however, the however, cases, This - interglacial ragonite ragonite content

(Fig. 5) (Fig. e relatively flat Numerous canyons

occurs mostoccurs

(labelled in Fig. (labelled inFig. . The

sea s This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. estimates. Acceptedsub withanypace ongoingplatform subsidence. &Samankassou, Strasser 2003),demonstrating that sedimentation could have kept easily Holoce other to 0.25mmyr in otherislands several the region (based onEemianreef terrace whichrange data), from0.03 reportedhave been fromJu havedeposition pace. kept relativeand the heightof platform the hasstayed aggradation have and subsidence most platform, andsea as excluded asthe well, ofs presence highstand lowerthan trended current values. Article ~1Myr, wouldpast ifnotbalanced bysubsidence, flooding haveresulted in windowsthat was periods estimatesthese supports theidea that reconstruction 10 between closevery to predominant the of depth current the platform is top,which stopsproduction increasing12.4 m.The is meandepth ofplatformm,thus 24.6 floodingis depth offloodingaverage oftheonset sidence forsidence nearby the Glorieuses platform at0.01 for short periods for short While some uncertainty necessarily While with someuncertainty exists

30 m 30 not substantially differentnot substantially from current its ne shallow - s, 1 . Thesevaluesarecomparable to sedimentation rates compiled forseveral and the and the placementexact flooding window, ofthe -

(Jorry (Jorry level values have only exceeded by currenthighstand the fewmet over past the several sea - et al., et water carbonatewater systems Although nodirectmeasurements oftectonic subsidenceor uplift an deNova.,Camoin

2016) been equally matched most over Quaternary, Late ofthe Substantial n Substantial .

the subsea subsea ofthethe height platform top

is 36.7 m,is 36.7 averageand the where depth aragonite Courgeon al. et (2016)estimatethe rate of - hedding necessarilyindicatesasubmerged et subsidence of platform that canbe level cycles.It istherefore inferred that

et al. et much (e.g., 0.5 (e.g., -

0.015 mm yr (2004) notesubsidence for rates state the the samethe and subsidence as

- core chronology,core 2 mm yr . Substantial aggradation over the the agreementthe between - - 1, in line with1, inline th 1

for bioclastic shoals;bioclastic for

submerged to during theseduring sea - level level re ese other ese other s at s at This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. Acceptedmagnitude Juande oftheoffset the Novac in the between fine fraction ofsediment andthe is changing cyclically. Sepulcre highstand intervals (Fig. 5), supportingideathatbulk the inputo Additionally, overall the sedimentation rates incore MOZ4 banktopafter floodingrather glacialthan cycles,several andisthus more the inlinewith increased production and ofsedimeexport model, thepattern ofaragonite laggingincrease behind sea levelriseisconsistent across changein sharp is the case export years,suggestingwasnotatthousand that studied work.Inthe core the here, opposite apparentthe in preced increase aragonite increaseandthelighteningofaragonite glacialdissolution periodsis during thepartially in form timethe ofa between relative offset thanchangesrather in the amount exported.carbonate In ofthese Article beenhas also hypothesized beatof partiallytheresult to least climate climate. other In examples ( dissolution to the oftheplatform. Theyexposure thatbetween the propose coupling two the may curves bedue are changes well correlates to small Reymerorigin. (1988) observearagonite etal. that the a content in core from Bahamas the beenhas also elsewhere observed inth DissolutionAragonite Cycles The cyclical, sawtooth patternThe cyclical, sawtooth of seafloor contentnearcarbonateplatforms aragonite — unlikely to beunlikely to result the of variations export simple related to floodingand aragonite content aragonite increases occur usually several yearsaftertheinitial thousand

18 of metastable aragonite on the aprocess seafloor, tied to level sea O

values ( - scale scale changes inthe Droxler

Table 3 et et al. et al. et ). Although ). Although there is some oferrorin age range the

(2017) note(2017) thatbioturbation can lead also to an offset e world, withe world, mechanisms alternative for its proposed δ es sealevelriseand platform byseveral flooding - 18 , 1983; interglacial O δ

isotope values, where dissolutionisotope the ceasesand ore ore may havebeen different than therefore what 18 foraminiferal O

Emmermann, 2000 curve, suggesting curve, that these small - scale cycles ofdeep

- δ CS09 tend to increase during CS09 toincrease tend 18 O

record. Therecord. precise studies, evidence forstudies, evidence ), the aragonite response), the aragonite f aragonite to the seafloor - related dissolution - sea dissolution.sea

- and scale nt This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. dissolution maymore likely. be which wascharacterized bysimilarly warm and high sea temperatures levels, suggesting that a 2000 11inparticularMIS may havebeen by higher than present in reduction carb diminishedcm). the Alternatively, response onJuan aragonite deNovamayto a bedue sedimentsthe in here the form surface needles onthe ofaragonite 4B,1410 ofpitting (Fig. may be time Dutton or 6 characterized byexceptionally high levels sea ( discussed above. Theminimamost recent cycle oftheiscent atto operate wavelengtha larger (100s of glacial ky)than the proposed been also change. assign to offset order adefinitive to in cause ofsedimentarythis type sealevel response to is currently andobserved, caution should when beused therefore attempting toquantify this Accepted carbonatend reduce production. Article -

13 m present, and according(20 above toKindler Hearty ), perhaps enoughtoincipiently), perhaps platformdrown the optimal its productivity below zone is on average lower than all lowerother than average is on interglacial periodsobserved Larger et al.et a product of a product

(2015 - scal onate productivity because ofdrowning of platform;during the level sea e supercycles that aragonite spanmultipleglacial ), (Droxler

this largerdiss respectively) et al.,

Aragonite content MIS remainshowever,during high, 5e, . In theJuande Nova core,

olution supercycle. 1990) . These cycles ofcarbonate. Thesecycles dissolution proposedare ≤m 13 20 abovepresent, Evidence ofdissolution can beseenin

up to20 r - aragonite content 00), ed in MISed in 11, intergl Droxler

- m ( (Fig. 5,Fig.7C) a interglacial cycles have cial Kindler andHearty Kindler - 20 m 20 abovepresent, dissolution cycles dissolution et al. et which is which is

during this

( 2003 , which ), and ), and ,

This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. Accepted quantitativethe corescanning method provides used,it ahigher levelofdetailthan most fromrecord JDN discussedhere is the longest in southernthe Ocean, Indian andbecause of Bahamasexpeditions in the Maldives(Droxler the and records showing this trend, 2Myr extending over therein mud duringexport highstand (Paul vs. deposihighstand lowstand and Andresen, 2007 adjacent basins ( in1) changes frequency, the thickness, or has been shedding also documented anumber in around ofotherlocalities globe. the Articleplatform than toprather the trajectory ofsea that suggests and carbonate production are export dependent more onthewaterdepth of the above, subsequent aragonite peaksaregenerallycoincident with maximumThis highstand. follow thesea de Nova regression ortransgression (Harper shedding.simple highstand Inthese cases, carbonate exportwas to shown peak during shelvescarbonate have been to shown more havea complex with sea relationship level than Comparison highstand with shedding elsewher , as seen here as seen ), withmo Evidence forshedding carbonatesEvidence highstand elsewherehas theform in taken of either: Gulfof northeastern In the Papuaandthe shelf mixedof Australia, , this is not usually, thisisnot the case - level curve. Oncethe platformtran during floods Haak and Schlager, 1989 st records substantially shorter substantially thantheone st records , has been observed in ; Reijmer ts (Grammer et al., et et al.,

— et al.,

2012 2012). for most trendsfor contentgenerally aragonite in intervals, numerous ,

;

2015; Page changes inlithology ofdeposition in turbidite 2015), 2) differing 2015), 2) ofsediment composition Bernet & Highstand sheddingHighstand offine - level

Ginsburg, 1992),fineGinsburg, or3) e

(truncated in Fig.

et al.,et change. Thischange. ‘classical’ typeof highstand other localities other ( & et al.,et

Dickens, 2005,respectively). In 2000; Betzler

reported 1990, Reymer sgression, asmentioned Fig. 9 B,

here. et al., - grained carbonategrained 9 9 -

C) grained aragonite and references and references - system rimmed

The longest core The longestcore , are fromIODP, are et al et

2000; ., 1988) Reijmer

. The Juan This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. wherecarbonate sedimentsshedding, glacial characterized by Conclusions betweenslightly records. depth atadifferent lies from atdifferingrecovered distances respective their platforms, platform adjacent andeach precise methods, and records, interglacial cycle (MIS stages 22 andearlier),however,donot interglacial periods Maldives and records (Holden marks the amplitude afundamentalchangein ofglacial more intense inhave been Indian the Ocean. C) MIS mostduring 11 is in andinthenearbythe obvious deNovacore Juan Maldives(column marking platform floodingofeachrespective orshelf. the showsstudies increase inaragonite asharp content at beginning ofthe stages1,5,7 and 9, recordsother

Accepted Article theproposed , suggesting aragonite dissolution supercycle duringoperating thistime may -

interglacial episodes. These Deep seas timing ofaragonitecontent andmagnitude changes the the inherent error to due the lowerresolutions,

(Fig. different the the

et al., et cyclical variations cyclical variations s. Bahamas M during ediments 9

While (Droxler ) .

Like core the ofthedescribed here, each co , exact so the sedimentary would response expe be 2011), magnitude the ofaragonite responses in age models in used

a general comparisona general canbemadewith thesepreviously described from et al.,

a 27

1990; Reymer deposits areinterpreted to product of highstand bethe in aragonite content that correspond to Quaternary Late IS 13 and 15 are not not appreciablyIS 13and15are different laterthan

(in the(in formoffine m core piston each Although mid the have

stud et al.,et the samethe correlation clear y near

prevent a - variable

interglacial cycles onsome 1988; Droxler

- NovaJuan de

grained aragonite The mutedresponse aragonite . In addition, - Brunhes event around Brunhes eventaround 11 MIS

detailed detailed aragonite calculation re s

in theseprevious Juan de Nova, et et al., i sland other cores were comparison of cted to differ to cted

mud

with 2003). are ) are glacial other other Later the the the the - This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. Accepted Environnement). programEparses” TheREEFCORES project. 13/1210499) scientific by was project supported France's “Iles ofthe TOTAL IFREMERaspart PAMELA and (Passive Margin Exploration Laboratory; The oceanographic expeditions PTOLEMEE andPAMELA Acknowledgements controlglobal onsedimentation car level localitiesother thehave around world showntoshare a been similar aragonite sea response to furthercon results 11,supportingMIS ideathe that Article record is keepingwere likely balanced, height the ofthe net of highstand shedding resolutionexceptional in its andlength when haswhere it not previously beendocumented. addition, the Novarecord In Juan de The sea. winnowed the intervals from andexported produced the bonate transfer shallow subsidence aggradation or occurred ofthe has inthepast1M edifice . This study

. Greenhouse during conditions result these times in higher sea level,whichfloods core consistent and transportedoff platform andtriggers increased records underscor This workwassupportedby the d'Excellence" "Laboratoire LabexMER

firm of recurrence the sheddingacross highstand time andspace, (2011 to the deepsea with hypothesesofincreased past seafloor dissolution ofaragonite

discussed here . Analysis ofp Analysis - 2014) managed byCNRS es

the - platform insuspension .

top ofthe dissolution importance throughout the throughout the Quaternary,Late latformflooding windows show

a new nearby Novaplatform Juande during carbonate production. Platformmuds are

cycles affected the southern IndianOcean. cycles affected thesouthern of highstand sheddingof highstand compared to mostcompared to otherdoc platform thesame atrelatively level occurrence occurrence - InEE (Institut EcologieInEE (Institut et , wheretheyareredepositedin

- MOZ4 were co MOZ4 were of phenomenon this suggests and as a as a mechanismof

therefore

that yr umented ; these processes ; theseprocesses - little funded by an important interglacial

appreciable instances instances . Thenew

is as many a region a region the deep then then around around

These

This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. AcceptedSciences Bank, Nicaragua(Pedro Northern Rise, Sea). InternationalJournalofEarth Caribbean calciturbidites a submerged around deeply carbonate platform inaseismically active setting N.,ReijAndresen, References online in the SEANOEmarine data atrepository The completeofisotope, set Strontium, andaragonitedatausedinthisavailable paperis Supplementary Data The authors nocondeclare of Conflict Interest Article comments whichimproved andsuggestions, thismanuscript greatly. John Reijmer, ana for thecore analysis at the IFREMER sediment analysis laboratory. with SEMimages, AndersenK Thanks also to Nils at pas? (SAD programme). program "Investissementsd'Avenir", and (ANR ,

as wellthe scientific participants in the PTOLEMEE andPAMELA - 10 , 92, - LABX

573 - - 19) and co 19) and 592. mer, J.J.G. nonymous reviewer,EditorSam andAssociate forhelpful Purkis Bernard Dennielou, AngéliqueRoubi,BelleneyBernard Deborah andJulian Vallet

We Captain the thank and the of crew the R/Vs

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531 fl - icts ofinterest.icts funded by a grant fromfunded byagrant French under the government the &

Droxler, A.W.Droxler, iel forwork,University isotope

by agrantCouncil fromRegional ofBrittany the

(2003) https://doi.org/10.17882/58006 - . 003 Timing of distribution and

- 0340 - 0 Nicolas GayetNicolas for help

L’Atalante A final you thank to

- MOZ04 survey. survey. MOZ04

and .

Pourquoi Prof.

This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. ( E.,Mulder,T.,Reijmer,Chabaud, L.,Ducassou, E., Tournadour, G., J.J.,Conesa, mixedPapua) siliciclastic slopeson the ofGladden(offshore Ashmore Basin Belize)andsouthern Trough(Gulf of Carson, B.E.(2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2004.02.003 levels sea in Geology, Western Ocean. the Indian Marine 206, 119 Camoin,F., Montaggioni,L. G. 39, 503 H. Bosscher, 7613(1986)14<28:BRTQFI>2.0.CO;2 sediments.periplatform Geology,14,28 Kiefer, K.B. Boardman, P.A.,Dulin,M.R., Neumann,A.C.,L.A.,R.J., Baker, Kenter, G.E. Hunter, 137. in periplatform Indian Maldives, ooze(Neogene, S Ocean). Betzler, C.,Lüdmann, T., of Sciences Earth of carbonate adistally steepened (Miocene,ramp BahamaGreat Bank). International Journal Betzler, C.,Pfeiffer, M. Results, distal K.H., G.P.Bernet, Eberli, 2016 Accepted Article

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2013.03.011 ) part of Bahamas the transect. .

- Sedimentary determining processes modern carbonateperiplatform the of drift Little 512. 166, 45

( https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365 & 1986

Schlager,W. (1992) - 60. , 89, ) .

. Banktop re

La 1 40 & te Quaternary sediment populations accumulations andforaminiferal - - Hübscher, Hübscher, C.

& carbonate carbonate dissertation,Rice systems. University, Doctoral 165 p. Saxena, S. 153.

Gilli, A.

sponses toQuaternary fluctuations sealevel recorded in in https://doi.org/10.1007/s005310050322 & Proceedings of Oc the .

Computer of simulation growth. reef Sedimentology,

( (

Br 2000

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Land, L.S.(1975) https://doi.org/10.1002/xrs.2704 - - cored platformscarbonate Mozambique (SW inthe Channel 0738(96)00063 Orbital Eccentricity: The Marine Isotope Stage 11Question - 2B24 . ,

Global chronostratigraphical Global chronostratigraphical correlation for table the mise carbonate ofCenozoic isolated platforms: New 213 - - - 247. 59 11D7 - 229. .

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2018.07.003 .

- Lime and calcareous algaemud deposition in

2 - 8648000102C1865D

& -

Fadel, M.K., Jouet, G.,Révillon, S.,... Boissier, A. &

Jouet, Jouet, G. &

Burckle, L.H. Burckle, (

— implications forcarbonate ( ( 2018 2016 - 10.

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) . .

Sedimentation Focus onsulfur 2003 ‐ Ray ) .

Unique and - 786.

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& &

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, - This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. Paleoceanography,Sea). 8,243 carbonate stratigraphy periplatform Waltonin Nicaragua (northeastern Caribbean Basin Rise, K.S. Glaser, 128 submerged banks, carbonate northernRise. Journal Nicaragua of SedimentaryResearch, 61, K.S. Glaser, Wefer,(Eds. G. southwe Scientific Party, J.,Christensen,Giraudeau, B.A., Hermelin https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2017.11.011 Deepchange? ( SchmidtFontanier S.,BayonG.,Deflandre C.,MamoB., B., Toucanne 71, 231 platform A.J. Everts, (1991) and Abington Reef,Central Sudan, Red Sea.Doc sediments:periplatform Carbonateexportcyclesandsecondary processes Emmermann, P.(2000) 349, 4019. (2015) Dutton, A., Accepted2018 Article - 142. ) . .

- Are deep Sea st African margin. Proceedings In: ofthe Ocean Drilling ProgramInitial 242. -

stratigraphy: anexamplestratigraphy: Paleogeneof fromSpain. the SE https://doi.org/10.1306/D42676A4

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sea Researchsea PartI Droxler, Droxler, A.W. (1991) Droxler, Droxler, A.W., (1993)

son, W.H. ( - 1998 sea ecosystemsMadagascar threatenedby surrounding land .

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. sheet mass during loss warm past periods. High production and highstand and sheddingHigh production from deeply

Controls Controls and development Quaternary oflate

0738(91)90104 175, , O., Lange, C.B.,, O.,Lange, Motoyama, I. - 2B26 pp. 543 toral dissertation, University of 169p. Kiel, -

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This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. S.J Jorry, Sons. 320p. James, N. 4 Mid Holden https://doi.org/10.1029/2008PA001591 Pleistocene transition ( Heinrich“Hudson Strait” North events in theeastern Atlantic atthe endof themiddle D.A., Hodell, Channell, J.E., Curtis, J.H., Romero,O.E. Geology, 42,327 ofcarbonatesandsalongopen,transport leeward bank margins: Northern Bahamas. Marine Hine, A.C.,Wilber, R.J.,Bane,A.C., M.,Neumann, J. 85Research, slope: tothereciprocalupper Achallenge sedimentation model. Journal of Sedimentary Röhl, U. B.B.,Harper, Puga https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01776186 fluctuations,level lateQuaternary, Bahamas. Rundschau,78, 477 Geologische Haak, A.B., Geology, 103,125 platformcarbonate insightmargins: from Quaternary foreslopesthe in Bahamas. Marine Grammer, G.M. Accepted74 Article - ‐ 477. Brunhes Event and Brunhes Event West Antarctic sheet ice stability. Jour , P.B., Edwards,Wolff, N.R., E.W., P.J. Valdes,

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348. PTOLEMEE cruise, RV L'Atalante. -

- - Ginsburg, R.N. 136. Bernabéu, A.W.,Webster, Á.,Droxler, J.M., Gischler, E.,Tiwari, M., 1036.

∼ https://doi.org/10.1016/0025

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Origin Sedimentary ofCarbonate Rocks.WileyJohn & oi.org/10.1016/0025 –

(1992) siliciclastic sedimentation great the along barrierreef Paleoceanography, 23 .

.1525 Compositional variations incalciturbiditesdueto sea

Highstand versus Highstand versus lowstand on deposition .2110/jsr.2015.58.1 - 3227(81)90169 - 3227(92)90012 http://dx.doi.org/10.17600/14000900 & & & , 1

Singarayer, J.S.

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. nal ofQuaternarynal Science, 26

- (2008) 9 -

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2011 Onset of - 486. ) .

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, This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. Acceptedhttps://doi.org/10.1306/D4267A5A isworthpicture a thousand words. Jou Macintyre, I.G. andReid,R.P. δ benthic Lisiecki, L.E. Sedimentology, 54, processes on northernslopeofLittle Bahama the Pleistocene Bank(Middle to H.,Lantzsch, Roth,S.,Reijmer,J.J. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921 deglaciation during events middle the and Pleistocene. Global Planetary Change, 24,41 Bermuda: petrographic sedimentological, andgeochronological evidenceforimportant P., Kindler, Articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10 G. Jouet, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2015.10.0 Ocean):Apreliminarystudy. Indian sedimentsModern reefs carbonate andPleistocene fromplatforms Eparses, isolated (Iles SW S.J., C.,Courgeon,Jorry, G.,LeS., Camoin, Vella, Jouet, Roy,P., G.F., ReviewsScience response to re A.W. S.J., Jorry, Droxler, 18O Paleoceanography, records. 20 &

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& Hearty, P.J.Hearty, (2000) flooding of carbonate bank andatoll

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1307 (2015) - - 18 1322 & .

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PAMELA 8181(99)00068 (2005) . (1992)

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Elevated marine from terraces (Bahamas) and Eleuthera - 2B26 & Acta

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rnal ofSedimentaryrnal Research,62 A Pliocene Ki Comment originmud: onthe needle ofaragonite a 14 - - H.nkel, (2007) MOZ04 cruise, RV cruise, MOZ04 Pas? Pourquoi O 11D7 (2010)

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https://doi.org/10.1029/2004PA001071 tops at glacial tops atglacial terminations. Quaternary .

Sea 129 ‐ - - level relatedlevel resedimentation 3091.2007.00882.x 143.

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( 2016 - 58.

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This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. h (Maldives,production Ind Latebetween Pleistocene sea Paul, A.,Reijmer, J.J. timeanalysis ofgeophysical D., Paillard, L.D.Labeyrie, htt northeastern Australia.Geo Marine Reef Barrier province)overthe last 130 ky:newconstraints on ‘transgressive Page, M.C. 63Research, muds:aragonitic mostly inorgan Milliman, D., R.P. J.D.,Freile, Steinen, marine carbonates.Springer Science BusinessMedia. & Milliman, G. J.D.,Müller, Oceanography, records. 24 ofsearecord andicevolume level from variations margin deep continental and K.G.,Mou Miller, fU9.html 1/2 https://publitheque.meteo.fr/Donnees/DESC1705311715640289.KEYu07f7D3UO9xudD2U2 FranceMétéo ttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365

Acceptedps://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2005.05.002 Article &

, 589

(2017) Dickens, Dickens, G.R. - n 595 tai . G. n .

, WriG.S., https://doi.org/10.1306/D4267B81 , Fürstenau, J.,Kinkel, H. , Fürstenau, ian Ocean).ian & , & 40 -

series. (2005) ‐ Förstner, F. -

level variations, platformcarbonate morphology andaragonite Yiou, P. - 3091.2011.01319.x 53. ically precipitated,mostly exported. Journal ofSedimentary g

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77 (

1974 Wilber, R.J. & , 123

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AnalySeries 1.0:aMacintosh softwarefor the ) . - -

45. 152 wn Recent sedimentaryRecent carbonates: Part1

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1993

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This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. Sedimentology,Alps). 38,1059 composition to related exposure andflooding of acarbonate platform Eastern (Triassic, W.G.H.Z.,Reijmer, A. J.J.G.,TenKate,Sprenger, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2014.10.013 Sea calcidebrites: Reijmer, J.J. Geology, 198,327 margincarbonate Reijmer, J.J., Publications,London, Special 247, Ocean: asanoi V. Reale, Acta, 11, Pujos, A. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.04.009 archipelago, SW Ocean.Marine Indian Geology,380,272 Geomorphology andsedimentologymodern carbona ofa isolated S.,Jorry,Prat, S.J., Jouet, G.,Camoin, G.,Vella,C.,LeP., Roy, factory. carbonate ( C.T., Harborne, Perry, Salter, M.A., A.R., S.F.,Jelks,H.L. Crowley, Accepted Article 2011 ) . Fish mud asmajor carbonate producers andmissing components ofthetropical within Early the correlation with magneto

65 (1988) &

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This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. measurements, and colo Sedimentology 4: Figure MOZ4 ofcore top. B platform top A) 3: Figure High indicatingoverall, that XRF da fromderived XRF from Srdata XRDmeasurements, quantitative showing<10%variance corein the as measured bypowderX A) 2: between Figure Correlation 2017) collected from island. station onthe aweather measur (490 data currentshallow data(computed PTOLEMEE from cruise; ADCPdata, 2014). WindJorry, E) seafloorprogram), andadjacent flanks (PTOLEMEE cruise; 2014),superimposedJorry, with frompicture TAAF portions andmarine subaerial shallow from ofJuandeNova.Modified Jorry of Juanshowing isolation C) deNovaplatform Madagascarshelf. Aerial photo from of Madagascar Curr Southeast SEC Current;(2009). =SouthEquatorial NEMC=Northeast Madagascar Current; SEMC= tolargerelative Location 1: Figure and background o Figure Captions -

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et al , . This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. images. unconformity, showingincreaseinforaminifer content (B).Samerelative to onall scale fine Sediment above unconformity,lower just 2182cmdepth,showing sediment by dominated unconformity) showing betweencontact sediment two line. marked types B) bydashed va Thin 6: Figure of sections sediments proposed adjacentto unconformities. All sections δ Lisiecki (2016)Milleret (2011). and al. from Bothcurves generated composite global (MAR Columnred. 3:Linear sedimentation rates (cm/kyr) aragonite and mass accumulation rates Note co are 872 ka) marked. content measured 2:Aragonite (%),as Column byboth XRF andXRD. 2016)Gibbard, unconformities and (1780 & Age 5: Figure based model core, ofthe oncorrelationwiththe LR04 forclasses wereanalysed taxonomic affiliation, with identification aided by Milliman (1974). ofthe 340 cm,base the between Compositionalsand bed 340cm. for 320and D) data from interval sands the 338 mineralsand platy clay at size 600cm. Quantitative grain information C) carbonate forthe sediments, needle showingabundant determinationused fornannofossil andsize analyses SEMandgrain 18

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This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. Accepted therefore approximate. on times based Exact vary position where the exact values ofthecomparison is made; are subsequent initial rapidincreaseinaragonite content at onsetthe ofselected deglaciations. time 3:Graphicallymeasured Table decrease offsetthe in between sample analysed. 2:Summary dataTable used in creationof the ofNannofossil model. age is Eachrow one 1:Tie Table used corechronology. points toconstrain Table Captions content changesaragonite but indetail, instead is meant larger toillustrate This compilationshould not used therefore be to the analyse exact timing magnitude and of low original calculated. only ara Article curvesfromNova. Aragonite redrafted in publications listed table, except for EandM,where Comparison 9: Figure recordsof ofthearagonite 13global localities with ofJuan that de productivity, definedherea Relationship 8: Figure betweensea level andthe availablearea foroptimal carbonate with greater values. bypredicted relationship the calculated Fig in ofactualPlot aragonite content derived(orange line, from XRD and levelduringaragonite selected sea glacial pointsAll data Stage boundariesfrom shown. (2016).B)Cross andGibbard Cohen A) 7: Figure Cross gonite mass rates beenpublished accumulation have and was aragonite content back Each record ispresented or on its - resolution data raster into theform heremay additiona shown introduce

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Values roundedValues tonearest km ) and aragonite content aragonite ) and as δ 18 O

isotope ratios andthe ; conversion of - scale scale trends. -

analysis. analysis. plot of l error. l error.

2 .

- This article isThis article by protected copyright. All rights reserved. 1: Table Tables Accepted ArticleMOZ4 2627.2 2579.0 2439.7 2353.8 2191.0 2179.8 2014.8 1927.9 1792.0 1779.5 1662.4 1538.4 1349.4 1174.3 1095.0 - 957.5 861.1 751.6 581.7 CS09 depth depth CS09 (cm) 75.8 13.4

MOZ4 LR04 (ky) 970.865 959.192 937.531 917.335 872.995 618.460 597.916 580.933 553.180 511.975 481.818 425.059 393.288 335.865 288.766 243.815 220.006 190.570 131.897 13.342 2.000 - CS09 age age CS09

Error on the age onthe Error of the pointers theof pointers 6.118 5.096 7.976 7.060 3.949 7.762 3.687 3.200 5.981 4.962 3.745 4.929 5.023 3.451 8.850 2.825 9.284 7.059 1.701 2.380 8.377 (ky)

Accepted ArticleDepth 2650 2542 2372 2116 1920 1719 1417 1060 (cm) 960

Transition acme zonesofbetween Gephyrocapsa Acme zone Acme of Acme zone Acme of Small zone Acme of Small Acme zone Acme of Small zone Acme of Small Acme zone Acme of zone Acme of Acme zone Acme of lacunosa lacunosa

G. caribbeanica lacunosa lacunosa –

Nannofossil species marker rare to common G. caribbeanica G. caribbeanica G. caribbeanica common common –

Gephyrocapsa Gephyrocapsa rare to common Gephyrocapsa Gephyrocapsa –

absence of huxleyi huxleyi asanoi

R. asanoi R. asanoi R. –

rare tocommon

– – P. lacunosa P. lacunosa

–

G. caribbeanica G. common common

absence of

R. asanoi

– – - -

common to rare common torare common torare rare tocommonrare rare tocommonrare

R. asanoi

P. lacunosa P. lacunosa P. lacunosa –

absence of E. huxleyi

P. lacunosa

and small E. E. P. P. – –

Age constraints MIS 12 MIS 25 MIS 25 MIS 23 MIS 15 MIS 9 MIS 6 MIS 6 MIS 15 ------11 - - 15 30 30 25 23 8 8

Accepted Article 15(older) MIS MIS 25 MIS 11 MIS MIS 9 MIS MIS 7 MIS 5 MIS 1 MIS

------10 26 12 8 6 2

Aragonite (in years, approximate) (in years, 10900 3300 5000 5000 8200 3100 5000 2500 - Isotope offset offset Isotope

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