Success Oriented Ground and Space Software Defined Architectures
30 March 2004 Jerry Brand, Vince Kovarik and James Faist Melbourne, Florida
Presented at the GSAW 2004 Manhattan Beach, CA
GSAW 2004 (Slide 1/17) assuredcommunications™ 16-Apr-04 Introduction
• Software Defined Radio (SDR) Architectures Background • JTRS/SCA Terminology • SCA Software Structure • Example Ground SDR • Example Flight SDR • Successful Architecture Attributes • Conclusions
GSAW 2004 (Slide 2/17) assuredcommunications™ 16-Apr-04 JTRS/SCA Terminology
• Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS): A radio system within the 2MHz to 2Ghz (tactical) frequency 2Mhz-2GHz range and has the SCA infrastructure (see below). JTRS Radio • Software Communication Architecture (SCA): The Core Framework underlying infrastructure specification that must be implemented. Defines >2GHz • Core Framework (CF): The SCA 2.2 realization of the SCA specification that provides the SATCOM Radio radio infrastructure services specified in the SCA. Core Framework • SCA-Compliant: A radio that has a Core Framework that adheres to the SCA is SCA-Compliant. Both radios are SCA-Compliant
GSAW 2004 (Slide 3/17) assuredcommunications™ 16-Apr-04 SDR Abstraction
• Dynamic (re)configurability Waveform Implementation Paths – Components – Waveforms Waveform Specification – Processing paths VHDL • Plug-n-Play components C/C++ • Reuse of common Framework/Infrastructure implementations • The Framework or Operating System Infrastructure provides the Abstraction FPGA ASIC intelligent abstraction GPP DSP away from the physical Host Platform implementation • The Framework provides the foundational Bandwidth technology for realizing a cognitive radio.
GSAW 2004 (Slide 4/17) assuredcommunications™ 16-Apr-04 SCA Software Structure
Applications OPERATING Core Framework (CF) ENVIRONMENT (OE) Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS)
Non-CORBA Non-CORBA Non-CORBA Modem Security I/O Components Components Components Physical RF API
Modem Modem Link, Network Security Security Security Link, Network I/O I/O Components Adapter Components Adapter Components Adapter Components Adapter Components
MAC API LLC/Network API LLC/Network API I/O API Logical Software Bus (CORBA) Logical Software Bus (CORBA) Security API
CORBA ORB & CF CORBA ORB & CF Services Services & Services Services & (Middleware) Applications (Middleware) Applications Operating System Operating System Network Stacks & Serial Interface Services Network Stacks & Serial Interface Services Board Support Package (Bus Layer) Board Support Package (Bus Layer)
Black Hardware Bus Red Hardware Bus
GSAW 2004 (Slide 5/17) assuredcommunications™ 16-Apr-04 RTOS and Core Framework
• Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) Must Support the SCA Application Environment Profile (AEP) – The SCA AEP is a subset of the POSIX.13 Real-time Controller System Profile (PSE52) – Can be fully POSIX Profile 52 (or greater) compliant
• Applications shall be Application's Resources, CF Base Application limited to using the
CORBA ORB Core Non-CORBA RTOS services that are Framework components, (Framework device drivers, Control and etc. designated as Services mandatory in the SCA Interfaces) AEP
• The Core Framework OS (function) that supports the SCA
implements a essential OS access unlimited Application uses CF for file access and services functionality of the SCA OS access limited to SCA AEP CORBA API Logical device adapter
GSAW 2004 (Slide 6/17) assuredcommunications™ 16-Apr-04 SCA Concept Hierarchy
Applications • Application – The top- level entity used by the radio operator, i.e. waveform. Components • Components – Software units that provide specific functionality either directly or through Domain underlying hardware. Resources Manager • Resources –An abstraction of the type, capacity, and state of a logical entity. Devices • Devices – The collection of physical elements comprising the radio system.
GSAW 2004 (Slide 7/17) assuredcommunications™ 16-Apr-04 Various Typical SCA Compliant Operating Systems and Platforms • SCA 1.1 – VxWorks / Pentium / ORBexpress GT 2.1.4 – VxWorks / PowerPC / ORBexpress GT 2.1.4 – VxWorks / StrongARM / ORBexpress RT 2.3.1A-β – LynxOS / PowerPC / ORBexpress GT 2.1.4B-β • SCA 2.2 – Windows / Pentium / ORBexpress RT 2.3.5 – Windows / Pentium / ACE-TAO – VxWorks / PowerPC / ACE-TAO – Linux / Intel / ACE-TAO – VxWorks / PowerPC / ACE-TAO (OCI) – Windows / Intel / ACE-TAO (OCI)
GSAW 2004 (Slide 8/17) assuredcommunications™ 16-Apr-04 Domain Management
Constraint Run-Time Engine Monitor XML Run-Time Domain Domain Monitor Profile Modeler COM/CORBA Bridge
Domain Modeler Run-Time Monitor XML Development Environment
Run-Time Environment
dmTK Core Framework
Chassis CORBA Infrastructure
Framework Device rcv
Domain Manager )
Modem s
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and Name) m Factory Engine Processor e
n Device A D SBC Waveform a Domain Knowledge M Application Device
GSAW 2004 (Slide 9/17) assuredcommunications™ 16-Apr-04 Software Definable Features for Space and Ground Architectures • Modulation Modes – FSK, MSK, QPSK, OQPSK, SQPSK, SOQPSK, DPSK, SFDPSK, GMSK • IF Interfaces – 70 MHz, 140 MHz, 700 MHz, L-Band 950 to 2050 MHz • Data Rates - 9600 bits/second to 1 Gbit/sec basecard – Multiple Systems Supported • Forward Error Correction Coding – Turbo (Rate 2/3, 3/4) – K=7 Convolutional (Rate 1/2) – Reed Solomon – Turbo (other rates) • Other Specialized Functions – Bit Count Integrity – Mux/Demux for In-Band Control – Data Scrambling – Differential Encoding – Interleaving/ De-interleaving Block Signal Baseband C/X/Ku/ IF Interface – Phase ambiguity resolution Ka/EHF Conversion Processing Processing • Interfaces Custom IF Programmable Custom Mezzanines Modem Basecard Baseband – Control and Status Sea of Gates, Mezzanines – Local and Remote Operator Signal Processor – Ethernet, RS-232, RS422, RS485
AlgorithmsAlgorithms are are loaded loaded and and execu executedted in in programmable programmable devices devices ProcessorProcessor basecard basecard supports supports a a modulator/ modulator/ demodulator demodulator application application fferent frequencies mount on the CCA TransmitTransmit or or receive receive IF IF modules modules at at di different frequencies mount on the CCA es provides maximum flexibility CustomizedCustomized mezzanine mezzanine I/O I/O modul modules provides maximum flexibility
GSAW 2004 (Slide 10/17) assuredcommunications™ 16-Apr-04 SCA Compliant Programmable Modem Meets SDR Needs
• SCA Device and Device Manager interfaces capabilities include: • Device Manager interface for the board • SCA File System interface for on-board flash • Logical Device interface for each FPGA and the DSP • Demonstrated SCA and SDR Programmability Capabilities • Legacy compatibility • Control of external components (video for example) • Shutdown of TCDL waveform, load, and start of CDL waveform accomplished in under 10 seconds
GSAW 2004 (Slide 11/17) assuredcommunications™ 16-Apr-04 Typical Ground SDR Base Card Structure
M e z FPGA-2 FPGA-3 FPGA-1 z
1 Signal Processing
Programmable RAM Memory Interface DSP Control Power Module Control Global Mezzanine 2 FPGA Memory Mezzanine 3
Backplane Connection 2 Backplane Connection 1
GSAW 2004 (Slide 12/17) assuredcommunications™ 16-Apr-04 Modem SCA Architecture
SCA Interface PM SCA Implementation PM Physical Hardware
manages FileSystem Base card is represented as an «realize» FileSystem manages SCA Device Manager. This Manage on- maps to the use of board flash the File System memory as for flash and an SCA File multiple devices System. on the card. Allows Dev iceManager external «realize» manages access into DeviceManager the flash by 0..2 3rd party software.
DSPDevice manages DSP and FPGAs 0..* «realize» are represented as discrete SCA Devices providing a FPGA1Device fine-grained 3 0..* management and manages «realize» control capability. FPGA2Device «realize» manages Device
«realize»
FPGA3Device manages
GSAW 2004 (Slide 13/17) assuredcommunications™ 16-Apr-04 SDR Flight Processor Requirements Derived from the Ground Basis • Multiple FPGAs – Maintain identical pin-out on all devices • Simple configuration creation/ partitioning – High Speed Communication busses – Single Microprocessor Interface – Independent banks of memory per FPGA – Built in Test for fault detection, some isolation, of assembly • Configuration • Opens •Shorts • Signal integrity – Implement a SEU detection scheme for configuration bit streams These Requirements Support Successful in-Flight Software Programmability
GSAW 2004 (Slide 14/17) assuredcommunications™ 16-Apr-04 Typical Space SDR Base Card Structure
M e z FPGA-2 FPGA-3 FPGA-1 z
1 Signal Processing
Memory Programmable RAM Interface Memory DSP Global Memory Control Memory Power Module Control Global Mezzanine 2 FPGA Memory Mezzanine 3
Backplane Connection 2 SEU Backplane Connection 1 CRC
Flight Architecture Builds Directly from the Ground Architecture
GSAW 2004 (Slide 15/17) assuredcommunications™ 16-Apr-04 Successful Ground and Space Architecture Attributes • Programmability is built-in from the start • SCA compliance stems from a cohesive development and run-time environment design methodology • SDR programmability must be accomplished seamlessly and in minimum time • Space SDR platforms build directly from sound ground SDR architectures and features • Joint optimization of ground and space architectures lead to a successful, truly programmable Ground/Space system
GSAW 2004 (Slide 16/17) assuredcommunications™ 16-Apr-04 Conclusions
• Software defined implementations provide more opportunity across multiple platforms and maximize design reuse • Reuse applies not only at multiple levels within an implementation, but across domains such as from ground to space • Common open architectures deliver designs amenable to improvements by multiple parties • Overall, SDR implementations provide substantial benefits and lead to successful ground and space communications architecture
GSAW 2004 (Slide 17/17) assuredcommunications™ 16-Apr-04