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Tadas Mačionis EL. DOKUMENTAI VYTAUTO DIDŽIOJO UNIVERSITETAS INFORMATIKOS FAKULTETAS TAIKOMOSIOS INFORMATIKOS KATEDRA Tadas Mačionis EL. DOKUMENTAI: SUDERINAMUMAS, APSIKEITIMAS, ŽINOMUMAS, FORMATAI IR STANDARTAI Magistro baigiamasis darbas Verslo informatikos studijų programa, valstybinis kodas 62609P102 Informatikos studijų kryptis Vadovas (-ė) Prof. Hab. Dr. V. V. Fomin _________ _________ (Moksl. Laipsnis, vardas, pavardė) (Parašas) (Data) Apginta doc. dr. Kęstutis Šidlauskas _________ _________ (Moksl. Laipsnis, vardas, pavardė) (Parašas) (Data) Kaunas, 2010 Turinys 1ĮVADAS..............................................................................................................................................7 2PROBLEMOS ANALIZĖ.................................................................................................................. 8 3DOKUMENTŲ APSIKEITIMAS....................................................................................................10 3.1Formatai.................................................................................................................................... 11 3.1.1*.doc formatas................................................................................................................... 11 3.1.2*.docx (OOXML) formatas..............................................................................................12 3.1.3*.odt (ODF) formatas........................................................................................................ 13 3.1.4Formatų palyginimas.........................................................................................................15 3.1.5Pasaulinė praktika............................................................................................................. 16 3.2Standartai ................................................................................................................................. 17 3.2.1De Facto ir De Jure standartai .......................................................................................... 18 3.2.2Atviri ir uždari standartai.................................................................................................. 19 3.2.3Tarptautiniai standaraitai................................................................................................... 24 3.2.4Regioniniai standartai .......................................................................................................25 3.2.5Nacionaliniai standartai ....................................................................................................25 3.2.6 Įmonės standartai .............................................................................................................26 4DOKUMENTŲ APSIKEITIMO ANALIZĖ.................................................................................... 26 4.1Dokumentų apsikeitimas Valstybiniame sektoriuje.................................................................. 26 4.1.1Valstybinio sektoriaus el. dokumentų apsikeitimo pavyzdžiai..........................................30 4.2Dokumentų apsikeitimas juridinių asmenų sektoriuje..............................................................32 4.2.1Tyrimas..............................................................................................................................33 4.2.2Tyrimo rezultatų apibendrinimas.......................................................................................39 4.3Dokumentų apsikeitimas fizinių asmenų sektoriuje................................................................. 39 4.3.1Anketinė apklausa............................................................................................................. 40 4.3.2Tyrimo rezultatų apibendrinimas.......................................................................................46 4.4Suderinamumo tyrimas............................................................................................................. 47 4.4.1Dokumentų mainai............................................................................................................ 47 4.4.2Dokumentų rengimas........................................................................................................ 51 5IŠVADOS......................................................................................................................................... 57 5.1Problemos sprendimo būdai......................................................................................................57 6NAUDOTA LITERATŪRA............................................................................................................. 59 6.1Skaityta literatūra...................................................................................................................... 61 7PRIEDAI...........................................................................................................................................63 SANTRAUPŲ IR TERMINŲ ŽODYNAS 1. Formatas – tai taisyklių rinkinys, failo kodavimo sistemos apibrėžimas. 2. Standartas bendrąją prasme reiškia pavyzdys, nustatytas matas, norma. Tai techninė specifikacija, taisyklės, kurios skirtos gamintojui, kūrėjui, kurių turi laikytis kuriant, gaminant ar atliekant tam tikra darbą ar suteikiant tam tikrą paslaugą. 3. ODF – angl. OpenDocument Format. Dokumentų rengimo formatas yra atviro standarto formatas, tarptautinės organizacijos ISO/IEC standartizuotas biuro dokumentų formatas, sukurtas XML formato pagrindu. 4. OOXML – angl.Office Open XML. Microsoft kompanijos kurtas el. dokumentų formatas atviro standarto, standartizuotas ISO/IE ir ECMA agentūrų. 5. *.doc – Microsoft kompanijos uždaro standarto formatas, skirtas elektroniniams tekstiniams dokumentams saugoti. 6. *.docx – formatas. Microsoft kompanijos atviro standarto formatas, skirtas elektroniniams tekstiniams dokumentams saugoti. 7. *.odt – elektroninių tekstinių dokumentų formatas atviro standarto. 8. EDI (angl. Electronic Data Interchange) – elektroniniai dokumentų mainai. 9. JPEG (.jpg) – vaizdų glaudinimo formatas. 10. PDF formatas – Adobe kompanijai (Adobe Systems Incorporated) priklausantis, tačiau atviras formatas, standartizuotas ISO. 11. De Jure – tai standartų tipas, standartizuojamas standartų organizacijų. 12. De Facto – tai standartų tipas, dažniausiai galiojantis konkrečioje įmonėje ar jų grupėje. 13. ISO - International Organization for Standardization. Tarptautinė standartizacijos organizacija jungianti 140 šalių. 14. IEC - International Electrotechnical Commission. Tartautinė standartų organizacija priimanti standartus kurie susiję su elektra. 15. ITU – International Telecommunication Union. Leidžiami standartai, susiję su telekomuniacijomis. 16. CEN (angliškai - European Committee for Standardization). Šios organizacijos tikslas skatinti Europos ekonomiką, pasaulinę prekybą, plėtrą. 17. CENELEC - European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization. Organizacija yra atsakinga už elektros inžineriją. 3 18. XML – angl. Extensible Markup Language. Tai formatas, taisyklių rinkinys, kaip turi vykti dokumentų mainai elektroniniu būdu. 19. OSX – Apple organizacijos mokama operacinė sistema. 20. Linux – atviro kodo operacinė sistema, dažnai nemokama. 21. Microsoft Windows – Microsoft kompanijos operacinė sistema. 22. Microsoft Office – Microsoft kompanijos biuro programinė įranga skirta el. dokumentams rengti. 23. OpenOffice.org – nemokama biuro programinė įranga skirta el. dokumentams rengti. 24. NeoOffice – nemokama biuro programinė įranga skirta el. dokumentams rengti. 25. SDO (angl. Stadards development organization) – standartus kurianti arba priimanti institucija. 4 Santrauka Magistro darbo autorius: Tadas MAČIONIS Magistro darbo pavadinimas: „El. dokumentai: suderinamumas, apsikeitimas, žinomumas, formatai ir standartai“ Vadovas: Prof. Hab. Dr. V. V. Fomin Darbas pristatytas: Vytauto Didžiojo Universitetas, Informatikos fakultetas, Kaunas, 2010 gegužė. Puslapių skaičius: 62 Lentelių skaičius: 7 Paveikslų skaičius: 26 Priedų skaičius: 5 Magistrinio darbo tema – „El. dokumentai: suderinamumas, apsikeitimas, žinomumas, formatai ir standartai“. Magistrinis darbas susideda iš teorinės dalies bei atliktų tyrimų. Darbe apžvelgiama elektroninių dokumentų apsikeitimas, tekstinių dokumentų saugojimas, rengimas, redagavimas ir kitoks sąveikavimas. Darbe tiriama kokiais formatais ir standartais yra saugomi el. dokumentai, bei kokiais turėtų būti saugomi el. dokumentai skirtinguose sektoriuose: viešajame – valdžios ir jos institucijų, juridinių asmenų bei fizinių asmenų. Bus tiriama: doc, docx, odt formatai, jų apsikeitimas tarp skirtingų programų, taip pat bus siekiama išsiaiškinti su kuriais formatais iškyla daugiausiai ar mažiausiai problemų. Ištirsime kuriuose formatus dažniausiai atpažįsta skirtinga programinė įranga, skirtingose operacinėse sistemose. Apžvelgus statistiką analizuosime, kuris standartas yra populiariausias, kokia yra oficiali kitų Europos sąjungos šalių politika tekstų kūrimo, redagavimo ir apsikeitimo klausimais. 5 Abstract Author of Master Thesis: Tadas MAČIONIS Full title of Master Thesis: El. documents: compatibility, exchange, known, formats and standards Supervisor: Prof. Hab. Dr. V. V. Fomin Presented at: Vytautas Magnus University, Faculty of Informatics, Kaunas, May 2010. Number of pages: 62 Number of tables: 7 Number of pictures: 26 Number of appendices: 5 This Master thesis is titled “El. documents: compatibility, exchange, knowledge, formats and standards”. This Master thesis contains theoretical and empirical work. Based on literature review,
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