CONTENTS A Report on
Executive Summary …………………………………………………………………….2 Impact1. Introduction Assessment ……………………………………………………………………………… of NMDC’s 3 2.CSR Statement Initiatives of the Problem. ….……………………………………………………….4 in Kirandul 3. Objectives …………………………………………………………………………………. 4 (Integrated4. Study Area and VillageMethodology …………………………………………………….Development and 5 5. Steel ConsumptionHospital in India on – A Brief Wheels …………………………………………..6) 6. Steel Consumption in villages ……………………………………………………..7 7. Major Observations and Suggestive ……………………………………………10 7.1 Employment PotentialsSubmitted ………………………………………………………………10 to 7.2 DesignsNMDC and Structural Ltd., Changes Hyderabad …………………………………………………10 7.3 Convergence with Government Programs ………………………………….10 7.4 Skill upgradation and Training …………………………………………………..11 7.5 Rural Entrepreneurship and Micro-marketing Systems …………….12 7.6 Propagation of Steel against Plastic Invasion …………………………….12 7.7 Strengthen Supply-Chain and Retail Marketing Networks …………13 7.8 Addressing Uncover Issues ………………………………………………………..14 8. ConclusionCentre ………………………………………………………………………………... for CSR, PPP & PA 15 9. References ……………………………………………………………………………….. 15 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT & PANCHAYATI RAJ (Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India) Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 30
February 2017
Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
CONTENTS
Chapter Title Page No No. Executive Summary i - ii I Introduction 1 II NMDC’s CSR Initiatives – An 9 Overview III Profile of the Study Area 16 IV Integrated Village Development (IVD) 26 V Hospital on Wheels (HoW) 46 VI Summary of Findings and 56 Recommendations Summary 64
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
List of Tables
Table No. Title of the Table Page No. 1.1 Distribution of Sample Size of Related Beneficiaries in the Study 7 Area 2.1 Status of Projects Implementation – Hospital on Wheel Service 11 (HoW) and Integrated Village Development Program (IVD) 2.3 List of Assistance Provided under IVD to the Villages. 13 3.1 Dantewada District at Glance 18 3.2 Age Classification of Sample Respondents 20 3.3 Educational Status of Sample Respondents 20 3.4 Occupational Status of Sample Respondents 21 3.5 Housing Conditions of the Sample Respondents 22 3.6 Land Ownership among the Respondents 23 3.7 Livestock among the Respondents 24 4.1 Input support under IVD during 2009-15. 28 4.2 Irrigation Infrastructure created during 2009-15 29 4.3 Vocational Training during 2009-10 to 2015-16 30 4.4 Education Support during 2009-10 to 2015-16 31 4.5 Source of Information about the NMDC-IVD Initiatives 32 4.6 Cultivation of Major Crops cultivating in the study area 34 4.7 Shifting of cropping patterns among the farmers 34 4.8 Attended cultivation Training Program by the farmers 36 4.9 How far the learning could improve cultivation practices 38 5.1 Daily Schedule for Vehicle Movement for HoW 49 5.2 Sex and Age Group of HoW Beneficiaries 52 5.3 Source of Information about the NMDC-HoW Initiatives 53 5.4 Accessibility to Place of Halt 53
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
List of Chart
Chart No. Title of the Chart Page No. 2.1 Organisational Structure of Project Implementation Team 10 of Shamayita Math 3.1 Education level of the Sample Respondent 21 3.2 Housing Conditions of the Sample Respondent 22 4.1 Training to the Farmers on Croup Cultivation 36 4.2 Knowledge earned on new cultivation methods 37 .43 Level of Satisfaction 39 4.4 Training required 39 4.5 Overall impact on Agriculture after NMDC Intervention 40 4.6 Training program Impact on women 41 4.7 Opinion of the Parents on Education facilities 42 4.8 Satisfaction of quality of nutrition supply 43 5.1 Type of Diseases Treated during 2009 - 2016 50 5.2 Level of Satisfaction on Timings 54 5.3 Satisfaction on HoW Medicines and Services 54
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
Executive Summary Corporate Social Responsibility is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large. National Mineral Development Corporation Limited (NMDC)– a Navratna company, serves the interests of the society by taking responsibility for the impact of its business. As part of CSR, NMDC has taken up multifarious initiatives and has implemented several development projects in the focus areas like education, cultural development, potable drinking water and sanitation, health care, skill development, livelihoods support, agriculture and infrastructure development etc., in mines exploration areas and other neighboring areas as part of its obligation. As a special initiative, NMDC is implementing two programmes viz., a) Integrated Village Development (IVD) and b) Hospital on Wheels (HoW) through a philanthropical organisation, called as Shamayita Math. Since these two programs are considered as vital, NMDC has approached the National Institute of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj (NIRDPR), under Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India to conduct an Impact Assessment (IA) study. The study team has thoroughly investigated among all the facets of Integrated Village Development program is being implemented since 2009. To assess the ground realities, the study team has conducted Focus Group Discussions in the selected 15 villages where both IVD and HoW programmes were under implementation and had interactions with 75 IVD beneficiaries and 75 HoW beneficiaries. Further the researcher has used check lists and questionnaires to collect primary data from the beneficiaries of the villages and the officials of both NMDC and Shamayita Math.
Integrated Village Development (IVD): The Integrated Village Development has been visualized in terms of developmental challenges that aims to enhance overall income of the poor families residing in the study area by improving their farming systems through innovative approaches and modern system of cultivation practices. Under this program, three major segments were considered viz. a) agriculture development practices such as exposure visits of the farmers for upgrading their skills and knowledge, supplying of seed, inputs and agricultural implements, livestock improvement, infrastructure development that includes supply of pump sets, sprinklers and drip irrigation systems, fencing material etc. were considered to support farming communities, b) Vocational Training for women SHGs, youth and farmers on organic farming practices and processing and marketing of Non Timber Forest Produces (NTFP) and its value additions, and c) Education support systems that ensures quality education with the support of Tutors, supplying of learning material and provision of nutritional supplements to the students in the study areas.
The Integrated Village Development program in these selected villages gave boost to prefer changing of cultivation patterns from traditional cultivation method to modern systems even for other food and cash crops. This is one of the major shifts among the farmers in their cultivation patterns and major initiative by the NMDC through Shamayita Math. The study results from the field showing that the development of agriculture in the villages where the IVD and HoW programs are under implementation, is not only improving but also reducing poverty among the tribal households. Based on the field study, NMDC has focused on different IVD initiatives in the Kuakonda block of Dantewada district. The study has indicated positive results of the initiatives and recommends that NMDC can continue these initiatives with more specific operational manuals for the areas like Agriculture
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). i Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
Development, livelihoods sustainability among the youth and women and better education facilities to the children in the programme implementation villages.
Further to inculcate the knowledge and skills among the women and youth, the NMDC has identified various trades that could easily reach the tribal beneficiaries in the operational areas such as mushroom cultivation, snacks (mixture, potato chips, etc.) preparation, pani-puri preparation and vending, tailoring, broom-binding, tamarind packaging and mini poultry farming etc.
The Educational Support is yet another important initiative under IVD program of NMDC to make the right to education meaningful and seeks to enable and promote quality education for all tribal children in the programme implementation villages. The Shamayita Math distributes nutritious tiffin and Horlicks drink mixed with hot water to the tribal students of adopted schools every day in the study area. The Math also provides the learning material to the students to improve their learning abilities.
Hospital on Wheels (HoW): NMDC’s health care intervention provide basic and urgent medical aids to every suffering tribal inhabitants at their respective villages through the program on Hospital on Wheels (HoW). The Hospital on Wheels is an innovative mobile health care unit that stocked with latest medical equipment and manned by qualified Doctors and para-medical staff including Two Nurses, ANM in a specially designed ambulance van and travel through its operation areas of Kuakonda block of Chhattisgarh state. It provides utmost medical care to the patients at their door-steps. Earlier, the tribal people used to go to Badde (Shamen) for treatments. The result of HoW program is that the present day tribal generation is accepting modern healthcare facilities and also convincing their elders also to follow the allopathic treatments given by NMDC Limited. Many of the villagers are also now accepting that after the intervention of HoW, the health conditions of villagers are improved and they do healthy practices in their villages. It is one of the good achievement by the NMDC through HoW initiatives.
Since the study has indicated positive results of the initiatives and has direct influence on the development of tribal beneficiaries, it is recommended that NMDC may continue these programmes viz., IVD and HoW, with specific operational manuals. With its potentiality and strength, these programmes can become live successful models for the inclusive development in the country.
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National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). i Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
CHAPTER: I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Genesis:
The present century is characterized by unprecedented challenges and opportunities arising from globalization, the desire for inclusive development and the imperatives of climatic change. The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) now becomes the deliberate inclusion of public interest into corporate decision-making and the honoring of a triple bottom line – People, Planet and Profit. Though CSR has a long tradition in India, it is a mounting concept came into prominence in public debate that encourages organisations to consider the interest of society by taking responsibility for the impact of the organisation’s activities on customers, employees, shareholders, communities and the environment in all aspects of its operations. This commitment is witnessed with the National Mineral Development Corporation (NMDC) Limited while extending beyond the statutory obligations to comply with legislation and sees organisations voluntarily taking further steps to improve the quality of life for employees and their families as well as for the local community and society at large.
1.2 The Approach to Inclusive Rural Development:
The Corporate Social Responsibility is fundamentally a philosophy or a vision about the organic relationship of business and the society. Social responsibility as it is viewed as an ethical or ideological theory, there is a large inequality in the means and roles of different entities whether it is a corporation, government, non-government organisation or individual to fulfil their claimed responsibility. The challenge today is to identify CSR priorities and incentives that are meaningful in their national context, and to play a role in strengthening appropriate local initiatives. There is a significant opportunity to harness enthusiasm for CSR to help achieve its goal of reducing poverty through “Tri-Sector Partnership: Government, Corporates and NGOs” uniting to help rural India to eradicate poverty. It is believed that such congregating approach will provide a potential answer to the sort of external help that can give rise to the social responsibilities of the corporate houses which are actively involved in the upliftment of the rural poor. Further, it would throw a light on facilitating the development processes by ensuring people’s involvement on public spending and partnership with private
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 1 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives players for triumphing inclusive development in the rural areas. Much of the Indian companies do practice of CSR, an important component of sustainability or responsible business, which is a larger idea, a fact that is evident from various sustainability frameworks. Since corporate social responsibility and sustainability are so closely entwined, it can be said that corporate social responsibility and sustainability is a company’s commitment to its stakeholders to conduct business in an economically, socially and environmentally sustainable manner that is transparent and ethical. The Brundtland Commission’s Report (1987) defines (corporate) sustainability is derived from the concept of “sustainable development” as ‘development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’. It essentially refers to the role that companies can play in meeting the agenda of sustainable development and entails a balanced approach to economic progress, social progress and environmental stewardship. As it is evident from the various definitions of CSR put forth by the global organisations the notion of CSR and sustainability seems to be converging.
1.3 Getting involved in Robust CSR
With the advent of new Companies Act, 2013, there is a growing realization that the corporates should contribute to social activities with an immediate desire to improve the country and its environment where they work and many companies are taking keen interest in such activities. Companies that pay genuine attention to the principles of social responsibility are also favoured by the public who prefer to consume their goods and services. This has given rise to the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). By Social Responsibility, we mean a doctrine that claims that an entity whether it is state, government, corporation, organization or individual has a responsibility to the society. According to Mr. Narayana Murthy, Founder of Infosys ‘Social Responsibility is to create maximum shareholders value working under the circumstances, where it is fair to all its stakeholders, workers, consumers, the community, government and the environment'. Commission of the European Communities (2001) stated that being socially responsible means not only fulfilling legal expectations, but also going beyond compliance and investing ‘more' into human capital, the environment and the relation with stakeholders. NMDC also believes in these lines by providing a better quality of life for communities residing in the vicinity
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 2 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives of its mines, plants and facilities etc. The company comprehensively addresses the problem of rehabilitation of distressed families with adequate compensations, housing and employment to the extent feasible. Creation of infrastructure in the surrounding villages for communication, education, health care and drinking water gets priority in the periphery development plans of the Company. Community participation in innovative farming, pisciculture, social forestry and sanitation programs apart, encouragement to sport, art, culture and literature are all part of NMDC’s deep involvement as a responsible corporate citizen. As a policy, NMDC has been allocating and spending a huge sum for peripheral development activities in their respective mines areas every year. This is mainly to improve performance on environmental and social aspects, however, over the time it become a common benchmark for evaluating in terms of competitive performance on sustainable development and terms as specified in the Sustainable Development Framework (SDF) for the Corporate (mining) Sector. The National Institute of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj (NIRD&PR) evaluates the ground realities, issues and perceptions with regard to the CSR initiatives of NMDC and different activities associated with it in the operational areas i.e. Kuakond block of Chattisgarh State. It also adopts a participatory approach involving consultation and discussion with different stakeholder groups in the study area.
1.4 Need for Impact Assessment Study:
NMDC’s twin special initiatives of a) Integrated Village Development (IVD) and b) Hospital on Wheels (HoW) are need based and have very important role in the development of tribal villages in its project/operational areas. These two programs are being managed by an elaborate Program Management System (PMS) with the support of a philanthropic organisation for rural development and spiritual centre named ‘Shamayita Math’, based at Kolkatta. This PMS involves the primary stakeholders like the community and their organisations, the service agencies like NGOs, the District Administration, the Tribal Development Departments, State Agriculture and Animal Husbandry departments at the field level.
For enhancing livelihoods of the rural poor under Integrated Village Development Program (IVD), various natural resources management activities like land and water management, agricultural and horticulture development, aquaculture and plantation etc., have been taken up in the affected / backward blocks of Dantewada district in
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Chhattisgarh state. The program implementation agency has adopted the different management approach as a platform to ensure ownership by the targeting beneficiaries.
Health Care has been considered as a major thrust area in the region which affected very badly through communicable and non-communicable diseases and even by extremism in the area. NMDC has given special attention on the health care initiatives by introducing ‘Hospital on Wheels’ scheme. This has also been implemented through ‘Shamayita Math - Kolkatta’ by engaging qualified doctors, para-medical staff and volunteers. Since these initiatives are implemented from the year 2009, it is felt necessary to evaluate through third party so as to know the real impact of these two initiatives of the company and that would help to improve and extend other areas if required.
1.5 Objectives of the Study:
The overall objectives of the study is to examine direct and indirect outcomes, impacts and to assess the effectiveness of complete range of NMDC’s interventions and institutions on the resources, lives and livelihoods of its target communities especially the poor in the program areas, the following are some of the indicative research questions to substantiate main objectives pertaining to the initiatives concerned:
I. Integrated Village Development (IVD) initiatives- a) Agriculture & Farm Based Initiatives What is the survival rate of fruit bearing tree planted through IVD Project? What is the role of induction training plots in promotion of new farm practices? How far the supply of all farm implements includes sprinkler and drip irrigation systems and its appropriate use by the selected farm households? What is the level of water consumption and conservation mechanisms? To what extent the NMDC’s CSR funds served to improve production, productivity and cultivation processes for the products of Paddy, Maize, Pulses, Mustard, Wheat and Vegetable cultivation in the selected villages?
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 4 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
What are changes in crops and cultivation techniques? Increase in the irrigated land, crops and income? What is the effect of livelihoods initiatives of fish culture, mini poultry and livestock activities? Overall, whether IVD initiative in the area of operations is benefited the rural farmers, households and communities on a sustainable basis? What are the suggestive measures for better utilization of CSR funds and effective involvement of public on the success of projects?
b) Vocational Training (SHGs, Vermi-compost & Marketing of NTFP): The total number of trainings, exposure visits and demonstrations done? What is the effectiveness of vocational training programs for Women SHGs, Vermi-compost preparations? No of SHGs are functional, linked with banks, their total annual transection and savings? What are the methods adopted and technical knowledge / skills imparted during training for process and value additions of NTFPs in the area? Whether the trainees could able to create market demand? What is the percentage of income of trainees raised through various trainings? What is the ultimate impact of vocational training initiatives on NTFP and its value addition possibilities?
c) Education Support and Initiatives: Total No of tutors, Anganwadi Assistants and Cook engaged? What are the methods used by tutors for teaching the students? What is the quantum of nutrition supplement provided to each student? What is the quality and cost of learning material supplied to the student? How far exposure visit help the students in their studies? The impact of education supports provided in the project areas and status of pupil’s attendance and attrition rate?
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What is the level of learning of students from various classes? In terms of language, science and mathematics? What is the overall effectiveness of initiatives on primary and secondary education Suggestive measures, if any?
II. Hospital on Wheels (HoW) initiatives: What is the periodicity of HoW (how often villages are visited)? What is the level of accessibility to HoW initiatives by the poor and needy in the beneficiary villages? What is the average number of OPD patients per month? Satisfaction level of patients- in terms of frequency of HoW visits, quality services and the medicines? Contingency plans in case of failure of non-availability of medical- paramedical staff, vehicle breakdowns etc. Gaps, opportunities and lessons in the current implementation, so as to incorporate this into similar programs of other agencies? What is the long term sustainability of the program outcomes / impacts and suggest measures to achieve and maintain long-term sustainability? What are challenges faced by the implementation agency and problem solving mechanism
1.6 Methodology of the Study:
This research study mostly depend on the primary data collected through both structured interview schedule after conducting pre-test and unstructured verbal interview from the sample respondents of the selected villages for the study. However, secondary information in regard to the study has also been taken from the implementing officials concerned, including the evaluations conducted on the subject.
To attain the objectives, the researcher has glance through the range of economic, social, cultural and geographical conditions with feasible representatives of tribal beneficiaries in the sample districts. For the suitableness the researcher adopt convenience sampling method to collect information from the universe (infinite) of
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Kuakonda Block. The researcher also adopted Focus Group Discussions (FGD) to obtain fair data / information from beneficiaries of all the Fifteen sample villages as given in the table – 1.1.
1.7 Sampling & Data Collection
The present study has been conducted by identifying the villages where both the schemes (IVD and HoW) are continuously in operation in Kuakonda Block of Dantewada district in Chhattisgarh state. The table – 1.1 shows the distribution of sample size of related beneficiaries in the study area.
Table – 1.1: Distribution of Sample Size of Related Beneficiaries in the Study Area.
Sl. Name of the Village Schemes & Sample No IVD HoWs Total 1 Kadampal 5 5 10 2 Madadi 5 5 10 3 Perpa 5 5 10 4 Cholnar 5 5 10 5 Kalepal 5 5 10 6 Penta 5 5 10 7 Lendra 5 5 10 8 Palner 5 5 10 9 Maharahaurnar 5 5 10 10 Doriras 5 5 10 11 Gongpal 5 5 10 12 Hitawar 5 5 10 13 Shyamgiri 5 5 10 14 Khutepal 5 5 10 15 Badehadmamunda 5 5 10 Total Samples 75 75 150
As per information given by the NMDC officials, the implementation agency Shamayita Math is working in 25 villages in the Kuakonda Block, of which 15 villages are benefited under both the schemes. Thus, all the 15 villages are chosen for the study. Prior to this, the evaluation team has conducted a pilot study to test the sample questionnaires in the project area. For collection of primary data, the study has considered 10 beneficiaries from each of the selected villages in the area (5 beneficiaries of IVD and 5 beneficiaries of HoW) and thus total of 150 households were studied from the program areas. Further, due to time constraints, the researcher has free hold in selecting the sample respondents and to get fair information from the beneficiary groups. However, the samples have due representation from all the project areas for which simple random method has been followed. Besides adequate qualitative
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 7 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives sample administered, focused on different stakeholders, theme areas and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) held. Enumeration of data has been done through scheduled questionnaires and separate checklists will also be used to get information from the Sarpanch / Ward Members, Head Masters / Tutors, Anganwadi workers and Medical & Para-medical team. However, the study methodology, sample size and data collection tools has been finalized mutually with the officials of NMDC and NIRD & PR.
1.8 Chapterisation:
This field study report has been organized into six chapters. The First Chapter serves as introduction, need, objectives and methodology of this study. The Second Chapter speaks about the overview of NMDC’s special CSR initiatives along with brief review of literature related to this study. The Third Chapter discuss about overall profile of the beneficiaries, their livelihoods avenues, social and economic impact in the project region. The Fourth Chapter analyses the project on ‘Integrated Village Development’ the quantum and multiplier effects of livelihoods, paths of entrepreneurship and deeds, levels of their income, labour absorption and their perceptions on the occupational shift, marketing networks and farm and non-farm/allied employment etc. Fifth Chapter thoroughly discusses the ‘Hospital on Wheels’ scheme with cross sectional analysis of various stakeholders. Finally, the Sixth Chapter presents the summary, recommendations and conclusion of the report.
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National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 8 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
CHAPTER: II NMDC’s CSR INITIATIVES – AN OVERVIEW
2.1 Introduction:
The National Mineral Development Corporation Limited (NMDC), a public sector undertaking of the Ministry of Steel, Government of India is a largest producer and exporter of Iron ore. With its Navaratna Status, NMDC has involved in exploration of minerals like copper, rock phosphate, limestone, dolomite, gypsum, bentonite, magnesite, diamond, tin, tungsten, graphite etc. in India and abroad. NMDC has been taken up various initiatives and has implemented several CSR projects in the focus areas like education, cultural development, potable drinking water & sanitation, Health care, skill development, livelihood support, agriculture & infrastructure development etc. in the mines exploration areas and other neighboring areas as part of its social responsibility. The main goal of these initiatives is to empower farming community that benefits downtrodden especially Scheduled Tribes population so as to enable them to enhance their food security, to increase their income and improve overall quality of their livelihoods. The major objectives are (i). To ensure the livelihoods and, (ii) food security of the poor tribal households are sustainably improved through promoting a more efficient, equitable, self-managed and sustainable exploitation of natural resources and non-timber forest products (NTFP) available through off-farm and non-farm enterprises development.
Of all those initiatives, Integrated Village Development Program (IVD) and Hospital on Wheels scheme (HoW) have special attention and since these two programs become vital, NMDC Limited has approached the National Institute of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj (NIRD&PR) to conduct an impact assessment of the CSR initiatives in the operational / project areas and other areas of its jurisdiction. Accordingly, NIRDPR also consented to conduct the evaluation study through its Centre for Corporate Social Responsibility, Public-Private Partnership and Peoples’ Action (CSR, PPP & PA) by recognizing its rich contributions to the Corporate Giants and Public Sector Undertakings in the rural development sector. The Centre CSR, PPP & PA at present is functioning as ‘Nodal Centre’ for engaging the Leaders in business, Panchayati Raj Functionaries, Government Development Administration, Non-Government Organisations, Cooperative Societies, Voluntary agencies, Public and Private Sector
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Enterprises and all other stakeholders in policy dialogue and advocacy for better involvement of these players towards inclusive development of the country.
2.2 NMDC’s Special Initiatives:
NMDC Limited, by placing a strong emphasis on promoting participatory processes, building community institutions, fostering self-reliance and respecting the indigenous knowledge and values of Tribals of its operational areas in Chhattisgarh state. These CSR initiatives adopts a flexible, non-perspective, process-oriented approach to enable the stakeholders to determine the scope of Program activities, their timing, pace and sequencing. The program has delivered through different program components such as a) Capacity building and Education Institutional Development, b) Livelihoods Enhancement through various Farm & Non-farm Practices, c) Support policy initiatives, d) Development initiative fund and Enterprise promotion – NTFP and e) Program management and handling of Primary Health Services etc. The organisational structure of coordinating agency (Shamayita Math) for implementing these twin special initiatives of NMDC is given below. Chart – 2.1: Organisational Structure of Project Implementation Team of Shamayita Math
Project Director (1)
(IVD) Account (HoW) Project Officer (1) Project Coordinator (1) Coordinator (1)
Assistant Account Project Assistant Medical Officer (1) (1) Officer (3)
Senior Assistant Field Health Cordinator Coordinator (3) (1)
Field Lab ANM/GN Cordinator Phacist (1) Teechnician M (4) (5) (1)
Community Tutor & Tiffen Service Village Health AST (152) maker (56) Providers Workers (18)
Source: Shamayita Math, Kirandul, Chhattisgarh.
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 10 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
Table – 2.1: Status of Projects Implementation – Hospital on Wheel Service (HoW) and Integrated Village Development Program (IVD)
Sl. Village Name & Block Programme Implementation Period No IVD HoW I. Kuakonda Block 1 Kadampal IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 2 Madadi IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 3 Perpa IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 4 Cholnar IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 5 Kalepal IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 6 Penta IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 7 Lendra IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 8 Palner IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 9 Maharahaurnar IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 10 Doriras IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 11 Gongpal IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 12 Hitawar IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 13 Shyamgiri IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 14 Khutepal IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 15 Badehadmamunda IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 16 Dhurli --- HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 17 Samalwar --- HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 18 Kodenar IVD --- 19 Mailawada IVD --- 20 Peernar --- HoW* 2010 (April – Sept.) 21 Madkamiras --- HoW* 2010 (April – Sept.) 22 Gumiapal --- HoW* 2010 (April – Sept.) 23 Hiroli --- HoW* 2010 (April – Sept.) 24 Kutrem --- HoW* 2010 (April – Sept.) 25 Tikenpal IVD HoW** 2010-11 to May 2014 II. Katekalyan Block 26 Koriars IVD --- 27 Chotehadmamunda IVD --- III. Dantewada Block 28 Kuper --- HoW*** 2010-11 to June 2014 29 Pandewar --- HoW*** 2010-11 to June 2014 30 Mangnar --- HoW*** 2010-11 to June 2014 31 Bhogam --- HoW*** 2010-11 to June 2014 32 Kamaloor --- HoW*** 2010-11 to June 2014 Source: NMDC Ltd., Hyderabad.
* Activities stopped due to high sensitivity as interrogated by Govt forces during Sept.2010 ** Stopped by Anti-Social from 06/05/2014 (at Tikanpal village). *** Activities stopped due to Anti-social problem, from June, 2014.
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The two special initiatives of NMDC Limited has been implemented by aiming at directly benefiting the poor families of 32 villages spread across three development blocks of Dantewada district in Chhattisgarh state that includes 11 villages where these initiatives are stopped due to anti-social elements. The villages covered under both the projects are given in the table – 2.1. The table also indicates that the IVD program is continuing its operations in 20 villages and the HoW is under implementation in 17 villages.
2.3 Integrated Village Development (IVD):
The crucial development challenges are not only to reduce migration but also to improve the farming conditions, both economic and social – and to account for the poor’s aspirational and basic livelihood horizons. NMDC’s initiative of IVD has three major segmental interventions viz. a) Agriculture development that focus on Training to farmers in cultivations of Paddy, Maize, Pulses, Mustard, Wheat and Vegetable with adequate support of providing necessary agricultural implements, pump sets, sprinklers and drips for their irrigation, b) Vocational Training for farmers, women SHGs and youth on organic farming practices and NTFP and its value additions and c) Provision of quality education through assistance to the Schools, Teachers and Students in the project areas.
The list of assistance provided to the project villages in different categories is given in the table – 2.2.
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Table-2.2: List of Assistance Provided under IVD to the Villages. Sl. Activities / Type of Assistance Unit Total No. Qty. I. Agriculture & Farm Based Initiatives 1 Farmers Training (Exposure Visit) No. of Farmers 1,308 2 Inputs to Farmers 3 Paddy Cultivation No. of Farmers 367 4 Maize Cultivation No. of Farmers 415 5 Pulses Cultivation No. of Farmers 200 6 Mustard Cultivation No. of Farmers 139 7 Wheat Cultivation No. of Farmers 21 8 Vegetable Cultivation No. of Farmers 166 9 Plantation of Fruit bearing Trees 80 saplings/acre 1,100 10 Induction Training Plots 1 per village 17 11 Fencing support to farmers As required 53 12 Soil testing Each plot 100 13 Agriculture Implements Lumpsum/0.5 acr 20 14 Sprinkler System Each village 20 15 Drip system Each village 20 16 Harvesting pits 300m3 capacity 26 17 Check bund 3 18 Maintenance of harvesting pits & Ponds 50,000/each 4 19 Cost of Fish seedlings & feed 2000+2000/pond 21 20 Distribution of Fishing net/minor inputs 21 21 Mini poultry (Shed-5,000; Feed-2,000; 10 Chicks-1,500) 22 Livestock improvement awareness camps 6 II. Vocational Training 1 Nurturing and strengthening of women SGHs As per budget 56 2 Cost of service provider for livelihoods In select villages 10 3 Training to village women 20 4 Vermi compost training to SHGs 7 5 Vermi wash & Liquid organic manure 18 6 Distribution of biomass stove Each family 1008 7 Rigorous training & Production/Selling Unit for NTFP Each 20 8 Support money for NTFP processing, packing, Each / year 20 Selling/marketing III. Education Support 1 Honorarium to Primary School Tutors Each/year 100 2 Honorarium to Middle School tutors Each/year 5 3 Honorarium to Anganwadi Assistants Each/year 80 4 Honorarium to Cook Each/year 104 5 Nutritious Tiffin supplement from WCCS Each school 180 6 Learning material support (WCCS) + soap distribution Each school / 180 Anganwadi 7 Teacher’s training (magic Bus) Lumpsum/school 0 8 Exposure visit to students (Class 3, 4, 5) Lumpsum/school 400 9 Cooking utensils for new schools (as required) Vessels – 64 Bucket - 94 Source: NMDC Ltd., Hyderabad.
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2.4 Hospital on Wheels (HoW):
Protection of waterborne / airborne diseases and improvement of health status in the rural areas is a prime social agenda of Millennium Development Goals (MDG). Since proper management of water and sanitation is the precursor for good health index of the people, NMDC handles the peripheral areas of nutrition and health management in the villages and hence adopted the initiative of ‘Hospital on Wheels Scheme’ to the needy tribal population resides in the project areas. The Shamayita Math delivers the health services through mobile hospital units by deputing qualified doctors and para medical staff that benefit the families of 32 villages in three different blocks namely Kuakonda, Katekalyan and Dantewada of Dantewada district.
Now, over five years of operational challenges and coverage, it is necessary to evaluate this program by examining all the aspects like capacity building initiatives, livelihoods enhancement methods, enterprise promotion and financial services, developmental initiatives of community assets and infrastructure, intended policies related to Non-Timber Forest Produces (NTFPs) and its effective reach for the benefit of the tribals in the project areas concerned. In general, it is significant to study the organizational arrangements and administrative management of NMDC’s Programs as merely a product of ‘push-and-pull’ economic factors for the better livelihoods of poor tribal households in Chhattisgarh state.
2.5 Literature Review on CSR Initiatives
The ideology of CSR in the 1950’s was primarily based on the assumption of the obligation of business to society. After independence, JRD Tata, who always laid a great deal of emphasis to go beyond conducting themselves as honest citizen pointed out that there were many ways in which industrial and business enterprises can contribute to public welfare beyond the scope of their normal activities. With the recent introduction of amendment to the Companies Act, 2013 the CSR is to spend mandatory on all the private, public and public sector undertakings operating in India. The amount estimated is growing each year with rise in the profits of the companies with the favourable industrial environment and with the expected growth of the companies. Although India is most favoured destination at the moment for investment in the international market,
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 14 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives we are living in a world surrounded with numerous problems related to environment and society.
The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a means to sort out these problems to some extent because business is a part of society. Earning more and more profits is a natural phenomenon of every business unit but social responsibility is an obligation to the people living inside and outside the business organizations. Business comes in contact with various groups of society such as owners, employees, customers, government, suppliers etc. The responsibility of business, which includes satisfaction of these parties along with the owner, is called social responsibility of business. According to Steiner “Social Responsibility implies recognition and understanding of the aspirations of society and determination to contribute towards their achievements”. In spite of its current popularity, there are several issues which remain pending and corporate need to be aware about them.
2.6 Summary Today, the society as a whole and media increasingly request companies to consider social and environmental problems while doing business activities. CSR has become one of the catchphrases of new millennium across the world and the corporate as well as government must take care of it. At present, Government has also come as an initiative to control those business activities which makes a harmful effect on the society. The government is suggesting time to time to the business units that the corporate should enact a framework related to CSR i.e. its areas, investment, activities etc. and include them in the vision, mission and strategic planning. CSR typically includes issues related to business ethics, community development, women empowerment, environmental management, health care, education and skill development, water management, mange the use of natural resources, human rights etc. So, in order to get sustainable development and to survive in this competitive world, the NMDC is stepping into demonstrate a close and good relationship with society.
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CHAPTER: III PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA
3.1 Introduction:
The Chhattisgarh is constituted as a 26th state that carved out from Madhya Pradesh located in the central India. It is considered as a 10th largest state with an area of 135,194 square kilometers and with a population of 28 million it ranked as densed populated state of the country. The state has rich source for steel and electricity for India, accounting for 15 per cent of the steel produced in the country. On 1st November, 2000, this state was formed with 16 Chhattisgarhi speaking south-eastern districts of erstwhile Madhya Pradesh and currently the state comprises 27 districts. Raipur is the capital of the state and largest populated among all the districts whereas Kawardha or Kabirdham district has least in population. Chhattisgarh enjoys a unique culture, peopled as it is by a number of tribes and communities, each with its distinct identity and way of life. In spite of a number of tribes, its people share certain commonalities and a philosophy which is central to many tribal cultures; the veneration of natural resources – water, forests and land on which life is dependent – a regard for community values and traditions, a practical recognition of the interdependence between different communities and peoples, and a refreshing spirit.
Richly endowed with resources like forests and minerals (diamonds, gold, iron- ore, coal, corundum, bauxite, dolomite, lime, tin and granite to name a few), the people hold the earth and its forests in high regard and esteem. Over centuries, they have evolved a way of life, which while dependent on these resources uses them in a sustainable way. Indigenous knowledge regarding the growing of rice and herbal medicines is well developed but is disappearing fast, due to the influx of modern scientific practices and medicines as well as the absence of any documentation of these valuable systems (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhattisgarh.). The Chhattisgarh State is dominated by nearly 31.76 percent of people belong to scheduled tribes and 11.61 percent population belongs to Scheduled Castes and people belong to these two categories are struggling in acute poverty.
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3.2 Land Use Pattern & Agriculture Development
Chhattisgarh is a State in which around 80 percent people are engaged in agriculture and agro-based industry. Agriculture is the main source of livelihood of the people. Rice is the main crop of the Chhattisgarh and cultivated in a large area. Therefore, Chhattisgarh is known as "Bowl of Rice".
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3.3 Brief Profile of Dantewada District
The present Dantewada district has come into existence in 1998. Previously it was part of Bastar district, therefore it consists of all the Bastaria features. Dantewada derives its name from the capital town of the district, named after the presiding deity of the town “Maa Danteswari’. Dantewada district is located between18 D-56’-8” N latitude and 81 D-20’-37” E longitude. The total area of the district is 549712 hectares. The average rainfall of the district is 5468.1 mm (Table – 3.1). Dantewada district is the part of Bastar Platue and has got all the topographic features of this platue. Dantewada district is divided into 7 tehsils, 122 patwari circles, and 239 Gram Panchayats for administrative purpose.
3.4 Forest Coverage Dantewada is full of rich forest. Most common trees of this District are Sal, Mahua, Tendu, Palas, Char, Bija, Harra, Bahera, Sisam, Kusum, Salya, Khair, Arun, Gamhar etc. Firewood, furniture wood and mixed wood are also the forest produce of the district. Table 3.1: Dantewada District at Glance Sl. Particular Unit Statistics No (A) Geographical Data i) Latitude 18 D-56’-8” N ii) Longitude 81 D-20’-37” E iii) Geographical Area Hectares 549712 (B) Administrative Units i) Sub divisions NA ii) Tehsils 7 iii) Sub-Tehsil NA v) Patwar Circle 122 v) Panchayat Simitis 7 vii) Nagar Palika 2 viii) Gram Panchayats 239 xi) Revenue villages 504 x) Assembly Area 2 Population (A) Sex-wise i) Male 2011 2,63,562 ii) Female 2011 2,69,229 C) Education (a) Primary school Nos. 1561 (b) Middle schools 265 Nos. 265 (c) Secondary & senior Nos. 42 secondary schools Source: - District Information Commissionerate, Dantewada.
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3.5 Socio-Economic Profile of the Sample Respondents The socio-economic factors play vital role in the process of resource allocation to various production activities for achieving income maximization. Land tenure and ownership patterns, farm size, family size, allocation of labour within the family, custom and religious factors, on-farm and off-farm employment opportunities, migration and market and credit facilities are accounted for estimating and analyzing alternative production. Thus, socio-economic factors govern to a large extent the actual agricultural production process. The socio-economic development of the region is based on land resources and water resources. Due to increase in population, these resources are over stretched often leading to resource depletion. There is need to manage these delicate resources. However, farming product is not only of physical condition, but both the physical and socio-economic condition exerting influence on agriculture practice and its production. Therefore, this chapter deals with the assessment of socio-economical background of the study area, namely, age classification, educational status, occupational structure, irrigation, livestock and their impact on land use pattern by the sample respondents.
Study Team member Interviewing the Beneficiary
3.6 Classification of Age Age has been considered as a factor for productive implementation of any welfare schemes. From the table 3.2, one could understand that male youth group are largely considered to take part in the Integrated Village Development program of NMDC. Out of the total respondents 65 are male and ten are female beneficiaries which reflects male dominated society prevails in the study area.
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Table – 3.2: Age Classification of Sample Respondents Sl. No Age group Sex No of Respondents Male Female 1 20-30 22 4 26 (35%) 2 31-40 26 5 31 (41%) 3 41-50 15 1 16 (21%) 4 51 above 2 0 2 (3%) Total 65 10 75 (100%) Source: Field Study, 2017.
Among the male groups, 48 respondents are below 40 years of age and it shows active involvement of youth group in the NMDC’s CSR initiatives. However, it is observed that female candidates shows hesitant to mingle with the social development programmes in the study area. This mainly due to lack of awareness among the tribal women. Hence they require more awareness programmes to take part of any welfare schemes.
3.7 Educational Qualifications of the Sample Respondents
Education plays a very important role not only in day-to-day life, but also in cultivation practices. An educated farmer would always be in a better position to receive the information and keep informed the decisions. Education enhances the ability to understand and comprehend things related to agriculture. The table – 3.3 explains the status of educational qualification of the IVD beneficiaries in the study area.
Table – 3.3: Educational Status of Sample Respondents Sl. No Education No of Respondents 1 Illiterate 26 (35%) 2 1 to 5 28 (37%) 3 6 to 10 19 (25%) 4 Intermediate 02 (3%) 5 Above Intermediate 00 Total 75 (100%) Source: Field Study conducted in 2017.
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Chart 3.1: Education level of the Sample Respondent
Education level of Sample Respondents 37% 35%
25%
3%
Illiterate 1 to 5 6 to 10 Intermediate
3.8 Occupational Status: Obviously, the study area is primarily depend upon agriculture and agri-based activities. During the field investigation, 53 respondents (71 per cent) inform that they are engaged in agriculture as their primary occupation as shown in the table – 3.4. Nine respondents work as casual labour in and around the area and seven respondents do their petty business in the nearby town (Kirandul). Remaining six beneficiaries respond as housewives and they keep themselves busy in kitchen and gardening practices in their homestead land.
Table – 3.4: Occupational Status of Sample Respondents Sl. No Occupational Status No of Respondents 1 Labour 9 (12%) 2 Farmer 53 (71%) 3 Petty Business 7 (9%) 4 Housewife 6 (8%) 5 Other 0 Total 75 (100%) Source: Field Study conducted in 2017.
3.9 Housing Conditions
Housing becomes a status symbol in the society and it reflects economic conditions of the respondents. The study observes that nearly 67 per cent of the respondents live in the thatched houses as most of them are closer to the agriculture and eco-system.
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The table – 3.5 clearly indicates that people belonging to business communities (20%) and economically well-of (13%) could able to construct their own buildings and reside in the tiled and concreted houses respectively. Based on the results of the survey, the researcher could witness the larger economic disparity between the tribal and non- tribal settlers in the study area. This indicates the people in the study village are still living in distorted conditions and development agency need to improve their housing patterns. Hence, there is a need for an exclusive housing scheme for the tribal house- holds preferably low cost houses or cost effective steel houses as invented by Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad (IIT-H). Chart 3.2: Housing Conditions of the Sample Respondent
Thatched Tiled Concreted
13%
20%
67%
Housing Condition
Table – 3.5: Housing Conditions of the Sample Respondents Sl. No Type of House No of Houses 1 Thatched 50 (66.66%) 2 Tiled 15 (20.00%) 3 Concreted 10 (13.33%) Total 75 (100%) Source: Field Study conducted in 2017.
3.10 Land and Ownership: The pattern of land ownership plays an important role in land use, agricultural development and planning. For a better understanding of land ownership, related laws gives an insight into the problems faced by our present day society. The basic concept of
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 22 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives land ownership and tenure deals with the interrelated network of rights, duties and groups within a society. In an economy where agriculture is among the major sources of livelihood, the most obvious reason for the importance of land ownership arises from its productive capacities. But, in the case of tribal community in the study area are lacking proper utilization of land resources which is around by them. Lack of proper irrigation facilities leads to underutilization or non-utilization of land to the agricultural purposes in the study area. Table – 3.6: Land Ownership among the Respondents Name of Category Own Land Leased Percentage Dry Land (Acres) 202.0 --- 73.00 Wet Land (Acres) 75.5 --- 27.00 Total Land 277.5 --- 100.00 Source: Field Study conducted in 2017.
The table – 3.6 explains about the category of land and ownership patterns among the respondents in the study area. Owning the land and properties gives economic empowerment to the poor tribal households in the study region. The table further explains that 73 per cent of the respondents are owning dry lands to the extent of 202 acres whereas 27 per cent of the respondents informed that they own wet lands that totaling to 75.5 acres in the study area.
Study Team interacting with the IVD Beneficiaries
3.11 Livestock Animal husbandry is considered as one of the subsidiary activities in the rural or agricultural sector as it supplement employment and income to the farming households. For centuries, Indian agriculture witnessed close linkages between crop production and livestock maintenance. As cattle served the needs of farmers in
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 23 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives cultivation, certain amount of status was also associated to owning cattle. Thus farmers who owned more cattle were seen as rich, when compared to those who don’t. Similarly sheep rearing has been a common interest among farmers. As long as farming was not influenced by machines run on inanimate sources of power, cattle are given special place in agriculture. A number of religious or seasonal rituals and ceremonies accord prominent place for cattle. However, over a period there has been significant change in the attitude of farmers towards cattle rearing in modern days. The other important contribution of cattle and sheep was the manure, which is called as farm yard manure. It was an essential part of cultivation as every farmer collected and applied farm yard manure in the field. But in the case of study area it is reverse. There is no proper cattle rearing method among the inhabitants in the study area. Respondents are just leaving their livestock to move around places for grazing, without bothering crop damages, indicates improper maintenance of livestock. In this regard, NMDC can prepare a special plan for livestock promotion and proper utilization of cattle population available in the study area towards systematic milk production and organic farming.
Table – 3.7: Livestock among the Respondents Sl. No Name of the Livestock Total 1 Cow 360 (36.07%) 2 Buffalos 78 (07.81%) 3 Goats 12 (01.20%) 4 Sheep 142 (14.22%) 5 Poultry 267 (26.75%) 6 Fishery 0 7 Piggery 133 (13.32%) Total 998 (100%) Source: Field Study conducted in 2017.
The table -3.7 presents data on livestock population owned by the respondents. It may be observed that cow is the most preferred animal for the farmers in the village and it shares over 36% of total livestock among the respondents. Poultry is one of the domesticated birds kept by humans for the eggs and meat purposes. It shares 27% of the total livestock among the respondents. Sheep, Piggery, and Buffalo are reared by the sample respondents in their vicinity.
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Study Team interacting with the IVD Beneficiaries in Gongpal Village
3.12 Summary This chapter lucidly discussed the socio-economic features of state, district, and sample village, respondents of the study area. Details of the sample respondents along parameters like age classification, educational status, housing conditions, ownership and livestock etc. were presented with tables and matrix. Information received from the respondents were carefully presented with the similar features that corroborate with the results of the study with incorporating greater insights in the project area. *******************
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CHAPTER: IV INTEGRATED VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT (IVD)
4.1 Introduction:
Rural development in India consists around sustainable agriculture and livelihood in subsidiary enterprises with a better socio-economic development because 68.8% of country’s population lives in rural villages. The population below poverty line itself constitutes 25.7 percent. In the recent years, Indian agriculture contributes less than 18% to the GDP even though the share of agriculture in rural employment is 67.9%. Even when reaching seven decades of independence, rural India is still suffering from several issues like agriculture, socio-economic conditions, infrastructural development, communications and other public utility services etc. The governments envisage providing basic facilities like health, education, skill development and employment opportunities in villages. Despite government’s efforts to grow the rural economy, the change are slow for reasons of poor acceptance by farmers, poor policy implementation and lack coherent thinking among stakeholders etc. Hence, an ‘Integrated Village Development’ approach is necessary to establish a stable economic activity for which social investment is required in study area, in the form of ‘corporate social responsibility’. The special initiatives of NMDC Ltd., in Kuakonda block of Chhattisgarh, is a live example for social investment by corporate houses under the new Companies Act, 2013.
Agriculture which has always been the back bone of rural development, needs a lot of support to increase the farm income in the study area. Social investments in terms of creating and updating the knowledge on improved agricultural practices and cultivation of high value crops will enhance farm income and on-farm employment to the tribal households of Chhattisgarh. The other important area for social investments is to establish small scale industries and village based industries which can employ major rural population in both in-season and non-season for boosting the income. Social investments in the area of information and skill development will improve the yields and profits with more rural livelihoods.
Health, which is seen as an index of development that needs an effective delivery system. Social investments can also be done in health sector by establishing rural health
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 26 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives care units, conducting health camps to prevent major diseases. Information kiosks can also be established by training the rural youth for delivering various services at the rural level. Training tribal women in value addition to the farm (NTFP) produce and by creating market avenues will help in addressing gender issues in rural areas. A better infrastructure in rural areas can build the rural economy making easy access to all the available services. Social investments in creation of infrastructure help in providing urban facilities in rural area and also, prevent the urban migration in search of livelihoods. At last, in the study area there are many factors which hinder the development of tribal population. Keeping these in view, NMDC is implementing the Integrated Village Development (IVD) Program as a special initiative and to make response to social investment.
4.2 Integrated Village Development Program
In order to develop a village, it is necessary to ensure that the village has adequate physical and social infrastructural facilities for its inhabitants. The Integrated Village Development (IVD) program of NMDC emphasise the development programmes as effective instruments of tribal development through a process of prioritized implementation and optimized management which would reflect in the development of the village concerned as beacon lights and success stories for others to see and emulate. The IVD program aims to promote participatory processes, build community institutions, foster self-reliance and improve the indigenous knowledge and values of Tribal people living in the operational area of Chhattisgarh (study area).
To accelerate the pace of overall development of these study villages, this IVD conceived as a multifaceted program that includes variety of sub-schemes to benefit the targeted population under the three major categories viz., a) Agriculture and Farm Based Initiatives that includes exposure visit and intensive farming training, b) Vocational Training that leads to entrepreneurship development and c) Educational Support that benefits the student community to improve their education and nutritional levels in the area.
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4.3 Agriculture and Farm Based Initiatives
Agriculture is being considered as the primary activity of any farming communities and that is not exempted for the tribal households in the study area also. The tribal farmers normally concentrate on Paddy cultivation during rainy season only as it depends on irrigation facilities and they produce other rainfed crops during dry season such as maize, wheat and vegetables etc. This is due to poor irrigation infrastructure and undulated topographic conditions in the study region. Though, paddy is predominated crop in the study region, the farmers who cultivate paddy inform that earlier the overall yield from the crop was very low because of their application of indigenous knowledge and old techniques to cultivate paddy as single crop. The study team also observed that the region is one of the richest sources of different local paddy varieties. These varieties are grown self-consumption purposes that ensure food security nutritional values. The farmers in the region also cultivate maize and pulses in addition to paddy during kharif reason by using traditional wooden ploughs in the interior villages. As observed in the field majority of the tribal family living in the remote villages depend on minor forest produces like mahua, amla, bahera, harra, kusum, sufphi, dhavala and other medicinal plants. They also supported by collection and sale of non-timber forest produces as their supplementary income during lean seasons.
4.3.1 Agricultural Inputs
During the span of last five years, i.e., 2009-10 to 2014-15, the implementing agency has distributed seed input for cultivation of paddy, maize, vegetables, etc., to the active farmers in the study area. The table 4.1 depicts that maximum number of farmers availed paddy as seed input (1181), followed by Maize (798) and vegetables (776). The practice of cultivation of wheat is very minimal (0.9%) in the study area. It shows that, paddy is the dominant crop in the study area that supports for major livelihoods.
Table: 4.1. Input support under IVD during 2009-15. Sl. No Input Support under IVD No of Farmers Percentage 1 Paddy 1181 42.50 2 Maize 798 28.70 3 Wheat 25 00.89 4 Vegetables 776 27.91 Total 2780 100 Source: Shamayita Math (Implementing Agency): 2017.
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4.3.2 Irrigation Infrastructure Support
Since the farmers getting low yield by adopting traditional methods of cultivation, the implementing officials felt the need for infrastructure support so as to boost the farm practices and to achieve considerable yield rates from their fields. Accordingly, the NMDC has helped 649 farmers to cultivate the extent of 197.35 acres by providing infrastructure support through installation of pipelines, feeder tanks, construction of pump houses, installation of motor pumps, excavation of ponds, digging and renovation of wells, ring wells, construction of check-bunds, harvesting pits, and other agriculture related infrastructure facilities (Table – 4.2) to the needy farmers. Table – 4.2: Irrigation Infrastructure created during 2009-15 Sl. No Irrigation facilities No. of. Works 1 Feeder tank 13 2 Pipeline installation (in Meters) 21177 3 Pump House 12 4 Pump Installation 50 5 Pond Excavation 18 6 Well Digging 24 7 Check Bund 2 8 Harvesting Bund 3 9 Harvesting Pit 2 10 Puddle (Debris) 40 11 Pump foundation & Shed 37 12 Ring Well 8 13 Well Renovation 1 No. of Beneficiaries & Acres 649 / 197.35 Source: Shamayita Math (Implementing Agency): 2017.
4.4 Vocational Training
Rural India is still practicing with large number of traditional employment generation systems. However, enabling vocational training education to the needy will improve their skills and knowledge that may lead to developmental models which addresses many issues of sustainable livelihoods. The implementing officials were listed out a variety of training programmes offered to the beneficiaries ranging from nurturing and strengthening of women SHGs to packaging and marketing of non-timber forest produces (NTFP) in the study region. The table 4.3 indicates that the Shamayita Math has arranged vocational training for 2969 beneficiaries during the span of last five years (2009-10 to 2015-16). The Math also distributed larger number of Bio-Mass
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 29 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives stoves to the tribal villagers (1008) and offered training on how to use the stoves provided to them.
Table – 4.3: Vocational Training during 2009-10 to 2015-16 Sl. Vocational training 2009- 2010- 2011- 2012- 2013- 2014- 2015- Total No 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 Tailoring Trainees 29 29 29 -- -- 20 10 117 2 Snacks preparation 43 43 3 Petty shop 60 60 4 Tamarind (Imli) 30 30 processing & Packing 5 Mushroom Cultivation 22 22 6 Date Palm Jaggery 20 20 7 Fishery 12 21 33 8 Aesthetic look change 668 668 9 Distribution & 1008 1008 Training of Biomass Stove Total 29 29 29 -- 64 1819 31 1991 Source: Shamayita Math (Implementing Agency): 2017.
The data further shows that 117 women were trained for tailoring activity that fetch additional employment and income to the women households whereas 60 beneficiaries were trained for petty shop business. It is obvious to mention that collection of tamarind provides additional income to the tribal farmers as the area is dominant of tamarind trees. The study suggest that more number of volunteers can be trained on processing and marketing of tamarind. The Shamatha Math has also provided training for tailoring (117), Snacks preparation (43), for the rural women in the study area. The Math has offered training for promotion of date palm jaggary to 20 rural youths who could extract toddy from the palm trees. Since the modern day women prefers, the Math has also arranged beautification (Aesthetic look) courses to the 668 young women in the study area.
4.5 Education Support
Education is always been considered as an eye-opener and cornerstone of any society. It lays the groundwork for the future direction of people’s lives and the societies they live in. It is a fundamental human right and essential for the exercise of all other human rights and for social, political and economic participation. Most countries have laws requiring children to attend school and constitutional guarantees on the right to
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 30 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives education. Yet this right is threatened through exclusion, segregation, corruption, weak education policies, and insufficient accountability of governments and education providers etc. The Education Support is yet another important program of NMDC to make the right to education meaningful and seeks to enable and promote quality education for all tribal children in the project area.
Table – 4.4: Education Support during 2009-10 to 2015-16 Sl Support 2009- 2010- 2011- 2012- 2013- 2014- 2015- No 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 No Pupil No Pupil No Pupil No Pupil No Pupil No Pupil No Pupil 1 Anganwadi 20 261 20 261 20 235 49 739 49 605 51 596 49 543 Centre 2 Primary 23 620 25 620 25 580 60 1613 60 1135 55 974 42 1010 School 3 Middle 2 71 2 71 2 71 2 72 2 83 3 81 3 72 School 4 Nutritious 45 952 45 952 45 886 111 2424 111 1823 109 1651 93 1625 Tiffin 5 Learning 45 952 45 952 45 886 111 2424 111 1823 109 1651 93 1625 materials Source: Shamayita Math (Implementing Agency): 2017.
This program was initiated by Shamayita Math by assisting 45 schools ranging from the Anganwadi to Middle Schools during 2009 and it raised upto 111 schools during 2012 to 2014. The table 4.4 refers that the number of schools are reduced to 93 during the year 2015-16 with appointment of 96 assisting tutors distributed according to the strength of the schools concerned. The Math supplies nutritious tiffin and Horlicks drink mixed with hot water to the students of adopted schools every day in the study area. The Math also provides the learning material to the students to improve their learning abilities.
4.6 Impact Assessment of IVD Program
The Integrated Village Development has been visualized in terms of developmental challenges that aims to enhance overall income of the poor family residing in the study area by improving their farming systems through innovative approaches and modern system of cultivation practices. Under this program, three major segments were considered viz. a) agriculture development practices such as exposure visits of the farmers for upgrading their skills and knowledge, supplying of seed, inputs and agricultural implements, livestock improvement, infrastructure development that includes supply of
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 31 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives pump sets, sprinklers and drip irrigation systems, fencing material etc. were considered to support farming communities. b) Vocational Training for women SHGs, youth and deserved farmers on organic farming practices and processing and marketing of NTFP and its value additions, and c) Education support systems that ensures quality education with the support of Tutors, supplying of learning material and provision of nutritional supplements to the students in the project areas. The study team has thoroughly investigated among all the facets of integrated village development program implemented during the year 2009-10 to 2015-16 (five years). To assess the ground realities, the study team has conducted focus group discussions in all the selected 15 villages / paras and had interactions with 75 IVD beneficiaries. Further the researcher has used check lists and questionnaires to collect primary data from the beneficiaries of the villages and the officials of both implementation agencies and sponsoring organisation i.e., NMDC, Kirandul.
4.6.1 Awareness on NMDC’s IVD Initiatives Awareness is nothing but knowledge on something that created through the interaction of any source and its environment or in simple terms knowing what is going on. The study team has posed a question on the source of information about the NMDC’s IVD initiatives viz., IVD and HoW to the sample respondents in the selected villages / paras. The responses were recorded as given in the following table - 4.5.
Table – 4.5: Source of Information about the NMDC-IVD Initiatives
Sl. No Source of Information No of
Respondents 1 NMDC’s Official bulletin 05 (06.66%) 2 Shamayita Math Officials 57 (76.00%) 3 Gram Panchayat/ PRIs 04 (05.33%) 4 Friends Circle 09 (12.00%) 5 Any other Source 00 Total 75 (100%)
Source: Field Study conducted in 2017.
The table depicts that 76 per cent of sample respondents received information from the Shamayita Math officials, about various IVD initiatives of NMDC Limited that benefitting the people residing in the Bailadila, Kirandul areas, followed by friends
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 32 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives circle (12 per cent), NMDC’s official bulletins and advertisements in the newspapers (6.66 per cent) and sources from the gram panchayat (5.33 per cent). The results of the table confirms that Shamayita Math (implementing agency) has emerged as the main source of information available to the respondents in the study area as this organisation dedicated its services for uplifting rural and tribal communities in the study region.
Study team interaction during FGD with the villagers
4.6.2 Cropping Patterns
Unlike other farmers, the sample respondents from Kirandul block (the study area) grow paddy, maize, wheat, pulses and vegetables through traditional and unorganized methods and thus receive the lesser yields with poor quality. Also the agricultural products cultivated from these region face challenges in competitive markets even after wasting of their labour and time. Having identified the problems of farmers, NMDC Kirandul has prepared an exclusive plan to boost the crop yield of the tribal farmers. The Shamayita Math has implemented their plan by organizing farmers’ exposure visits to innovative practices of agriculture, supply of quality seed inputs and many other intelligent methodologies in the study area. This resulted the farmers to shift their agriculture practices from traditional to modern systems like drip irrigation, sprinkler systems etc. and changing patters from direct broadcasting methods to transplantation (rows) methods, for instance in paddy cultivation. The farmers do begin the cultivation of commercial crops like Cauliflower, Cabbage, Brinjal, Lady Finger, Tomato and other vegetable crops that yield considerable remuneration for their hard
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 33 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives work in the study area.
Table – 4.6: Cultivation of Major Crops cultivating in the study area Sl. No Name of the Crop Total* 1 Paddy 74 2 Maize 16 3 Pulses 25 4 Mustard 07 5 Wheat 10 6 Vegetables 69 Source: Field Study conducted in 2017. *= One farmer can cultivate multiple crops in different fields.
As seen in the table – 4.6 and while discussing about the preference of crop cultivations, almost all the sample respondents in the study region prefer to cultivate paddy followed by cultivators of vegetables (69 members) and pulses (25). Since paddy is the principal crop and staple food in the region paddy is given more importance during Kharif season due to availability of surplus rain water and prefer for dry crops and vegetables in Rabi season depending on other water sources. The respondents also felt satisfied with the new methods of cultivations as they could get more yield than traditional practices. 4.6.3 Preference to Change Cropping Patterns
After multiple intervention of NMDC through implementing agency (Shamayita Math) we could observe changes in the cultivation patterns in the study area. As stated by the NMDC officials these CSR initiatives brought a drastic change in the lifestyles of the farmers, economic empowerment through recent cultivation practices as mentioned earlier. The Integrated Village Development program in these selected villages gave boost to prefer changing of cultivation patterns from age old method to modern systems even for other food and cash crops. This is one of the major shifts among the farmers in their cultivation patterns and major initiative by the NMDC through Shamayita Math.
Table – 4.7: Shifting of cropping patterns among the farmers Sl. No Methods of Practice No of Respondents Percentage 1 Traditional 33 44.00 2 New Methods 42 56.00 Total 75 100 Source: Field Study conducted in 2017.
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 34 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
Table – 4.7 explains about the change of farming practices from old to new methods among the respondents in the study area. In the normal sense, changing the mindset of tribal population is very difficult task as they adopt conventional systems and living conditions. The IVD program could able bring them to the shift, from indigenous to new type of cultivation offering through skills and knowledge. However, still 44 per cent of respondents inform that they follow traditional cultivation practices and they require skill development training along with financial and infrastructure supports.
Study Team Interacting with the IVD Vegetable Beneficiary in Palnar Village
4.6.4 Skill Development to the Farmers in Farming Methods
The term “skills development” is generally used to describe a wide range of institutions and activities influencing employment and earnings. It is one of the primary means to build the capacity of poor people to participate and fully benefit from mainstream economic development. Strengthening the individual and collective capabilities of rural poor, youth and adults, contributes to fostering new economic opportunities in rural areas. Investing in the skills of rural people particularly to the tribal inhabitants is also crucial in building their capacities to cope with crisis and confront food and environmental challenges. Various training programmes were also imparted through community based organizations to benefit stakeholders such as
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 35 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives farmers groups to build their capacity in their cultivation patterns. NMDC through Shamyita Math conducted several skill development training programs to the farmers to increase their cultivation process. The table 4.8 describes the maximum (51) respondents were given training for paddy cultivation followed by vegetables (17). It shows that the implementing agency is giving more importance to only these two crops than any other crops cultivated in the study area.
Table – 4.8: Attended cultivation Training Program by the farmers Sl. No Name of the Total No. of Farmers Training attended 1 Paddy 51 2 Vegetable 17 3 Pulses 1 4 Mustard 3 5 Wheat 0 6 Maize 2 7 Fruits 0 Total 75 Source: Field Study conducted in 2017.
Chart – 4.1: Training to the Farmers on Croup Cultivation
TRAINING TO FARMERS ON CROP CULTIVATION Other Crops 9%
Vegitables 23% Paddy 68%
During the informal discussions, majority of respondents agree that they could follow the new techniques learnt through training classes. The farmers also expect that more in-house trainings offered with guidance or support material and further more exposure visits to outside the state and need long duration induction training on cultivation practices. Hence, they can be taken to the exposure visits to some of the
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 36 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives research stations like IARI Pusa, Delhi, ICRISAT at Hyderabad, Darwad Agricultural University, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore and so on. Further to suggest that the implementing agency can offer intensive training to selected farmers (Training of Trainers - ToT) so as to train the villagers’ team after their return from the training.
With the skill development and various cropping techniques, farmers could able to learn market trends and equip themselves on the cultivation patterns accordingly. The implementing authorities may take a view on this approach by identifying the feasible product-lines and networking with suitable research stations in India.
Chart – 4.2: Knowledge earned on new cultivation methods:
Knowledge earned on new cultivation methods
Yes No Can’t Say/ Don’t Know
58 54 51 48 42 39 37 39 21 26 26 24 21 23 16 12 12 13 12 7 5 3 6 5
To find out the real impact of knowledge earned from the training/ skill development programs, the research team has interrogated with the sample respondents. During the discussions the study team has observed that majority of the people are equipped the knowledge on new cultivation practices for using high yielding
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 37 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives varieties, techniques on transplantation of paddy, weeding methodologies, application of fertilizers and pesticides, etc.
Table – 4.9: How far the learning could improve cultivation practices Sl. No Variable Total 1 Excellent 14 (19%) 2 Good 27 (36%) 3 Average 24 (32%) 4 Poor 9 (12%) 5 Very Poor 1 (1%) Total 75 (100%) Source: Field Study conducted in 2017.
This table 4.9 briefly explains overall impact of training programs and the level of skill improvement in cultivation practices to the farmers who are taken training from the implementing agency. Interestingly, only 14 farmers responded as excellent and 27 farmers said that training is good to them. Remaining 24 farmers are responded as average. 10 farmers are said that training not improved their cultivation practices. It shows that, training to the farmers on skill development or cultivation practices still need to be arranged according to the needs and interest of the farmers, which enables the cultivation practices that leads to improvement of production levels.
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 38 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
4.6.5 Satisfaction and Advanced Level Training:
The farmers were given farming training for cultivation of different products in the study area. The following charts depicts that 93 percent of respondents opined as fully satisfied and only 7 percent are partially satisfied for their personal reasons. Whereas, the chart informs that 76 per cent of the respondents informed that they require further training to upgrade their knowledge and skills on the modern agricultural practices and 24 per cent does not shown any interest on the next advance level training. Chart – 4.3: Level of Satisfaction
LEVEL OF SATISFACTION
Partially Fully Satisfied Satisfied 93% 7%
Chart – 4.4: Training required
Training Required
76%
24%
Yes No
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 39 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
4.6.6 Improvement in Agriculture after NMDC Intervention:
While discussing on the overall impact of agriculture and its productivity, 57 per cent of the respondents rated as excellent and expressed their happiness over the interventions of NMDC’s new initiatives on agriculture that fully benefitted the farmers in the study area as shown in the chart 4.5. Whereas, 36 per cent of the farmers were expressing as good and very few (7%) of them are rated as satisfied. This shows that they require continuous support from NMDC for the sustainability of agriculture in the study area. Chart – 4.5: Overall impact on Agriculture after NMDC Intervention
Overall impact on Agriculture after NMDC Intervention
Excellent 57%
Good 36%
Satisfied 7%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Study team observing the Ring Well in Penta Village
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 40 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
4.7 Vocational training programs:
Vocational Education helps the women and youth to acquire and facilitate knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits with or without the help of an educator. To inculcate the knowledge and skills, the NMDC has identified various trades that could easily reach the tribal beneficiaries in the operational areas such as mushroom cultivation, snacks preparation, pani-puri preparation and vending, tailoring, Broom- binding, tamarind packaging and mini poultry farming etc. majority of the beneficiaries expressed their satisfaction over the trainings offered and they could become entrepreneurs after completion of their training programs. Chart – 4.6: Training program Impact on women
Training program Impact on women 80 68 70 64 61 62 57 58 59 60 54 50 46 46 43 42 41 39 38 40 32 30 20 10 0 Mushroom Snacks Pani Puri Tailoring Broom Imli Goat Poultry binding packaging rearing Farming
Yes NO
Study team interacting with IVD Tailoring beneficiaries
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 41 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
4.8 Educational Support:
Education is often seen as a prerequisite for successes. School and learning institutions has always been a bridge to accommodate the education of any individual. Education carries a significant benefit in one’s life, it’s normally the door way to greatness, and it assures us to gain knowledge and awareness in which we can use to earn money and credibility. In the field, the researchers observe the effect of education and facilities offered under the IVD program. Eleven per cent of the respondents opined and rated the services as very good followed by 36 per cent of them rated as good and 52 per cent of the respondents rate this as satisfied. Only one per cent of the beneficiary rated as poor because his ward gets illness whenever attends the school. (Village - Kalepal). Chart – 4.7: Opinion of the Parents on Education facilities
Opinion of the Parents on Education facilities
52%
36%
11% 1% 0%
Very good Good Satisfy Poor very poor
Study team observing the Primary school students in Kadampal village
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 42 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
Study team leader testing the quality of Nutrition supplements
Chart – 4.8: Satisfaction of quality of nutrition supply
Satisfaction of quality of nutrition supply
Very Good Average 26% 33%
Good 41%
Similarly, the level of satisfaction on the supply of nutritional supplement to the students were observed. The chart shows the opinion of the parents and of them 26 per cent of the respondents rated as very good, 41 per cent are expressed as good and 33 per cent of them are given average ratings on the supply of nutrition food to their children in the schools.
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 43 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
Study team observing the Tiffin supply to students
4.9 Summary The findings of the study shows positive results over the implementation of Integrated Village Development (IVD) program in the following facets:
4.9.1 Agriculture and Irrigation Support:
The provisions made under the IVD program could transform the farmers to shift their cultivation practices from traditional to modern methods that resulted in higher yields. The farmers began the cultivation of commercial crops like Cauliflower, Cabbage, Brinjal, Lady Finger, Tomato and other vegetable crops that yield considerable remuneration for their hard work in the study area.
4.9.2 Vocational Training: Training the tribal women and youth ensures to acquire and facilitate knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits with or without the help of an educator. NMDC’s initiative has reached the goal of inculcating the knowledge and skills of the tribal beneficiaries in the operational areas such as mushroom cultivation, snacks preparations like potato chips, mixtures etc., pani-puri making and vending, tailoring, Broom-binding, tamarind packaging and mini poultry farming etc. majority of the
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 44 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives beneficiaries expressed their satisfaction over the trainings offered and they could become entrepreneurs even after completion of their training programs.
4.9.3 Educational Support:
NMDC’s educational support has encouraged the student groups in enhancing their attendance and inculcating their reading habits. Eleven per cent of the respondents opined and rated the services as very good followed by 36 per cent of them rated as good and 52 per cent of the respondents rate this as satisfied.
The results of the study recommends that NMDC can continue these programs with specific operational manuals for the sustainable agriculture development, income generating activities among the youth and women and better education facilities to the children in the study area.
4.10 Overall Impact:
Through its innovative IVD program and policies, the NMDC Limited encourages the tribal farmers for their active participation in the drive of subsistence farming and their food security. The study results from the field have shown that the development of agriculture has improved their household income, learning levels among the tribal families.
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National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 45 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
CHAPTER: V HOSPITAL ON WHEELS (HoW)
5.1 Introduction:
Since Independence, India has made rapid strides in the health sector. However, health statistics indicate that access to healthcare still remains a challenge to the poor and it is more deplorable for the tribal inhabitants in the country. When referring to the data on urban areas that has only 4 per cent of government primary health care services, one need not surprise about the share for rural poor and tribal hamlet/villagess. These dwellers suffer from adverse health conditions owing to mainly two reasons – first, the lack of education and thus lack of awareness; and second, the unwillingness to lose a day’s wage in order to reach the nearest medical facility. Health for underprivileged, which is a desperate need, thus remains unaddressed. As a result, cases of poor women health, malnourishment in children and deaths from preventable diseases from such areas are always high. The neglect in even the simplest preventive medical treatment usually leads to a more serious ailment and eventually into deaths. The need of the hour is thus a two pronged approach – first to bring quality health care services to doorsteps of the needy and second to promote healthcare awareness and contemporary health care seeking behavior among the underprivileged.
In such a scenario a mobile health care services delivery system is the most practical mechanism. And in subscription to this view, NMDC Limited has initiated the Hospital on Wheels program under its CSR initiatives in Kirandul area of Chhatisgarh state. This is one among the unique programs of NMDC that seeks to address problems of mobility, accessibility and availability of primary health care with a special focus on tribal communities who live in remote rural areas (paras). Since 2009, NMDC is implementing this project to cater the medical needs of the tribal population by assigning two big ambulances filled with medical equipment. The implementing agency has recruited teams of qualified doctors, attendants, nurses and para-medical staff for the purpose and assign the task of visiting to each and every villages in the area for offering medical assistance. The team so recruited is visiting the villages as per scheduled timings and dates, to provide treatments at the door steps of the tribal. When
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 46 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives the event of any severity, the medical team refers the patient to NMDC’s Hospital for further treatments at free of cost.
Study team Observing the HoW vehicle inner view structure
5.2 Composition of Medical Team and Visits
In general, rural inhabitants give least preference to their health care system and the area which selected for the study also presents similar picture. During the field work, the study team noticed that many villagers believe their illness causes due to anger of gods and goddesses in the vicinity. Whenever they suffer, the tribal patients approach the traditional healers, called as ‘Baddes’ in their local Gondi language for their treatments. Though government health care programs are implemented with modern medical practices, these tribal residents still believe in the drama of such witchcraft acts and get blessings from the ‘Baddes’. Due to having belief on occult acts and adoption of traditional and old practices many casualties occurred in the study area. Keeping these in view, NMDC has of introduced this initiative for providing quality medical service through mobile health care van, popularly known as ‘Hospital on Wheels’ (HoW) scheme, at their door steps. There are two medical team is formed and every team consists of One Medical Practitioner (Doctor) with MBBS qualification or more, One Assistant Health Coordinator, Two ANM / GNMs, One lab technician, One physicist and One driver. The implementing agency has purchased two specially designed medical van (Ambulance) to meet the medical needs of the tribal areas. These
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 47 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives medical teams have to make frequent visit and cover the targeted villages as scheduled in the table 5.1.
5.3 Diseases and Treatment Mechanisms
NMDC’s health care interventions provide basic and urgent medical aids to every suffering tribal inhabitants at their respective villages. It provides utmost medical care to the patients at their door-steps. When serious cases noticed, the medical team also refers the cases, either to block level or district level hospitals run by NMDC Limited. Based on the interactions with the villagers, we understand that monsoon season is the most difficult period for them due to the prevalence of large number of diseases. Normally, tribal patients are habituated to approach Baddes for their basic treatments. This initiative has created more awareness among the people and changed their mindset to wait for the ‘HoW’ Vehicle for better treatment.
Interaction with the HoW team in Shyamgiri
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 48 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
Table – 5.1: Daily Schedule for Vehicle Movement for HoW Vehicle - I Vehicle - II Day Village Para Halt Village Para Halt Kadampal Boji Para 1 Goanpal Labba Para 1 Bodden Para 1 Sarpanch Para 1
Naya para 1 Hitawar School Para 1 Reman para 1 Gyata Para 1 Monday Patel para 1 Madari Tota Para 1 Manjhar para 1 Kalepal School Para 1 Samalwar* School Para 1
Cholnar Sarpanch Para 1 Cholnar Ashram 1 Juna Para 1 Patel Para 1 Madari Mulla Para 1 Tuesday Perpa Sarpanch Para 2
School Para 2
Palnar Mundra para 1 C.H.Munda* Patel Para 1 Penta School Para 1 Mukhia Para 1 Lendra School Para 1 Koriras* Naka Para 1 M. Haurnar Niche para 2 Patel Para 1 Wednesday School Para Masa Para 1
Palnar Patelpara 1 Khutepal Sarpanch Para 1 (Sub H.C) Deva Para School Para 1 Erra Para Patel Para 1
Thursday Shyamgiri Kotwar Para 1
B.H.Munda School para 2 Goanpal Patel Para 1
Imlipara School Para 1 Doriras School para 1 Hitawar Kunjam Para 1
Friday Mailawada* Panchayat Bhawan 1 Mahara Para 1
Palnar Bhalu Para 3 Kodenar* Patel Para 1 Lekhma Para Durli* School Para 1
Saturday Musultonta Source: Shamayita Math. / * Villages not covered under the Study.
To supplement this, outpatient medical records shows that more than 30,000 patients were given treatments for respiratory complaints, 20,533 Pyrexia patients, 22,355 patients with Skin problems, 18,246 Muscular skeletal related patients etc., and all other type of diseases are listed in the following chart - 5.1.
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 49 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
Chart – 5.1: Type of Diseases Treated during 2009 - 2016
Type of Diseases Treated
other 3560 Fractures 357 Genento Urinary 463 Gynecological 266 TB - Fresh /old 193 Dental 757 Ear Related 2071 Eye Related 1891 Medical 5095 Surgical 7218 Injuries 3958 Respiratory Diseases 30003 Postnatal 872 Antenatal 712 Diarrhoea /Dysentery 3729 Helmenthatic Infestion 1314 Nutritional Disorder 11412 Anaemia 2939 Gastrointestinal 5654 Muscular Skeletal Related 18246 Skin Infection 22355 Pyrexia 20533
5.4 Additional Health Camps:
In addition to the routine weekly medical services, the Shamayita Math is arranging special medical camps in the various villages as exclusive program. The aim of the camps is not just to provide health services but to create health awareness through which the entire village community gets sensitized on health related issues. The Math also informs that they arrange such camps with specialist doctors both from Government and Private Corporate Hospitals and supporting for higher medical treatments for the tribal households. However, it is observed from the field that the common public welcome the special camps conducted by the implementing agencies. Hence it is suggested the NMDC can conduct more number of special medical camps to benefit common public by involving local volunteers, adolescents, women and elders in the villages.
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 50 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
5.5 Role of Village Health Volunteer
The village level service providers/ health volunteers are the ground level staff working for the community development regarding health. The village volunteer has the key role to play, from awareness creation to the public to accompanying patients unto ultimate cure, irrespective of place or hospital in which admission is provided. He is the caretaker of all patients not only before the medication but should have closer contact and follow-up even after treatments. He is the main communicator for the village people regarding the HoW activities, timings, venue of halting vehicle and services. The service providers have the main vision of the duty is prevention activity by creating awareness among the villagers. However, we could observe from the field that village level health volunteer dare not having adequate knowledge on health service, as they are not deputed for any first-aid and precautionary training programs. The field or ground level staff must be given basic training so as to coordinate with all levels of staff and needy patients in the region. 5.6 Major Observations on HoW
The Hospital on Wheels is an innovative mobile health care unit that stocked with latest medical equipment, Doctors and para-medical staff including Two Nurses and One ANM in a specially designed ambulance van and travel through its operation areas of Kuakonda block of Chhattisgarh state. NMDC has purchased two such vans and left for movement to cater the medical needs of the poor tribal population. Based on the field visit, major observations are presented in this section.
Study team interacting with the HoW staff in the office
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 51 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
5.6.1 Sex and Age Group of HoW Beneficiaries
For obtaining the field realities, the study team has carried out an enumeration work on the implementation of Hospital on Wheels program in Kuakonda block of Chhattisgarh during the second week of January, 2017. As observed from the field, 70 per cent of respondents are female patients and 30 per cent of male patients were treated under the HoW initiative (Table 5.2). Further the table depicts that majority of the patients are falling under the age group between 40 years to 60 years this is due to abnormal consumption of homemade and illicit alcohols and environmental factors. The health conditions of the people below 40 years age group are comparatively good as they hold immunity power in their body. While interaction, the doctor (Dr.Rajaiah) has informed that malarial fever, cough and cold, skin infections, tuberculosis and diarrhea are common diseases in the area and both the ‘HoW’ teams are equipped with necessary facilities to attend the patients.
Table – 5.2: Sex and Age Group of HoW Beneficiaries Sl.No Sex No. of Respondents Percent 1 Male 24 30.00 2 Female 51 70.00 Total 75 100.0
Sl.No Age Group No. of Respondents Percent 1 Below 20 07 09.33 2 20 – 40 13 17.33 3 40 – 60 38 50.67 4 Above 60 17 22.67 Total 75 100.0 Source: Field Study, Jan, 2017.
5.6.2 Awareness levels of HoW Beneficiaries
While discussing about the prominence of medical team, the study observed that the majority of the respondents are aware of this scheme through Shamayita Math officials (42%) followed by panchayat representatives (24%) and friends and relatives (12%). The table 5.3 explains the source of information about the NMDC’s HoW initiatives in the study region.
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 52 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
Table – 5.3: Source of Information about the NMDC-HoW Initiatives
Sl. No Source of Information No of Respondents 1 NMDC’s Official bulletin 03 (04%) 2 Shamayita Math Officials 42 (56%)
3 Gram Panchayat/ PRIs 18 (24%) 4 Friends & Relatives 12 (16%) 5 Any other Source Total 75 (100%) Source: Field Study conducted in 2017.
5.6.3 Distance to the Halting Place
The ambulances (‘HoW’ vehicles) are parked in a common place so as to accessible to the needy patients in the study area. The study reported that, 70 (93 %) respondents informed that the vehicle has accessible to the public as it halted less than a kilometer distance from their residences and only five beneficiaries responded as they require to walk upto one and a half kilometer for getting medical assistance from HoW team. However, they opine that this is not very far from their homes/paras.
Table – 5.4: Accessibility to Place of Halt Sl. No Distance to HoW No of Respondents Percent 1 Very Near 54 72.00 2 Less than a Kilometers 16 21.00 3 1 to 2 kilometers 05 07.00 4 Above 3 kilometers 00 -- Total 75 100.0 Source: Field Study conducted in 2017.
5.6.4 Timing and Availability of Medicines
Most of the respondents inform that the arrival timing of HoW vehicle is not comfortable to them as they go for work in the fields and opine that NMDC must send the vehicle in consultation with the villagers concerned so as to receive the treatments and medicines. Further the respondents express their happiness that the sufficient medicines with good quality are brought in the vehicles to distribute the patients. Overall the public shows their fullest satisfaction on the availability of medicines. While discussing with the sample households, the study team could observe that during rainy seasons HoW vehicles are stalled due to bad road and climatic conditions. Further the sample respondents inform that there are in many occasions, the vehicles are parked
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 53 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives for very short durations in the villages. Hence, NMDC can instruct the vehicles may be parked upto 2 hours in every villages. Chart – 5.2: Level of Satisfaction on Timings
Level of Satisfaction on Timings Satisfied 10%
Highly Satisfied Moderately 58% Satisfied 32%
5.6.5 Satisfaction on HoW Medicines and Services:
Satisfaction of a patient is one of many key performance indicators (KPIs) for further improvement and goodwill of the implementing agency or sponsoring organisation. Keeping this in view, the present survey to measure the satisfactory level of the patients in the sample villages and paras. The chart no 5.3 indicates the level of satisfaction on the health services and medicines provided to the tribal households in the villages in which 52 percent respondents are expressed as highly satisfied, 29 respondents rated as satisfied respectively on the medicines and services provided by the NMDC’s ‘HoW’ initiatives. Only 9 percent of the respondents expressed their dissatisfaction over it. This may be due to their age factors. Chart – 5.3 Satisfaction on HoW Medicines and Services:
Satisfaction on HoW Medicines and Services
%
52
%
29
% 9
HIGHLY SATISFIED SATISFIED NOT SATISFIED
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 54 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
5.7 Summary:
While discussing with the beneficiaries, the study teams observed that, present generation is accepting modern healthcare facilities and also convincing their elders also to follow the allopathic treatments given by NMDC Limited.
Due to lack of availability of primary health centers in and around the village, they are force to approach Shaman for treatment. Many of the villagers are also accepting that after the intervention of HoW, the health conditions of villagers are improved and they do healthy practices in their villages. It is one of the good achievement by the NMDC through HoW initiatives.
5.8 Overall Impact of ‘HoW’
NMDC’s initiative of ‘HoW’ towards improving the health care of the tribals in the operational areas resulted in significant impact. This is mainly due to their high level of satisfaction (81%) on the delivery of services by the implementing agency.
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National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 55 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
CHAPTER: VI SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Introduction
Village Development in general, is a process of identifying the persistent problems in a village and finding the best ways to solve them. Its focus is on improving current conditions towards better social and economic status (development), through a systematic process. For Integrated Village Development, grassroots planning is very important that all households in the village and all groups of people are included and their problems and needs considered and addressed. Particular attention must be paid to addressing the needs of poor households, SC and ST groups, women, children and the elderly. The National Mineral Development Corporation (NMDC) Limited has take-up the job of implementing its twin innovative approaches such as a) Integrated Village Development (IVD) and b) Hospital on Wheels (How) programs under Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Kirandul area of Chhattisgarh since 2009. In this regard, NMDC has appointed Shamayita Math as an implementing agent to coordinate and carry forward its goals and objectives.
This chapter lucidly presents the observations made during field visit and the results are categorised accordingly. It also suggest policy prescription for better implementation of both IVD and HoW and thereby improving the socio-economic and health conditions of the people living in the study area.
6.1 Integrated Village Development (IVD)
Integrated Village Development Programme is the brain child of NMDC Limited, which aims at holistic village development over a period of time. The programme primarily strives to address the following issues and takes them to scale thereafter:
6.1.1 Agriculture and Farm Based Initiatives
A. Land Levelling The respondents in area under study has largely undulated, lands with bumps and slopes etc., leads to improper cultivation practices. Levelling of land area will
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 56 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives indulge the farmers to adopt systematic process of cultivation so as to reach sustainable farming. Suggestions: Motivate the farmers and other stakeholders for better land utilization practices and proper cultivation methods. The implementing agency may take necessary steps to level the land that fit for cultivation in collaboration with concerned government departments (eg.MGNREGA), farmers, and village level community representatives. To facilitate financial assistance and arrange machineries (JCB/Bulldozers etc.) for land levelling activities to ensure sustainable agricultural development.
B. Integrated Watershed Management The study area gets ample of water during rainy season but does not have any infrastructure to save and preserve rain water.
Suggestions: Create awareness among the villagers on importance of water and make them to contribute land for construction of watersheds, check dams, percolation tanks etc. by utilizing IWDP and MGNREGA scheme funds could cater the needs of water shortage during crop cultivation. Arrange alternative land and compensation to the farmers who donate their land for community benefits. NMDC can consider to construct watersheds, farm ponds, check bunds, percolation tanks etc., under its CSR initiatives.
C. Dug Wells / Ring Wells to the Farmers: Common dug-wells are provided in the study area by clubbing neighboring farmers to share the water for their cultivation. This leads to misunderstanding and create rift among them on sharing of water and timings of utilization. Most of the farmers and sample respondents were seeking help from the implementing agency to construct independent dug wells / ring wells in their farm lands so as to initiate multiple cropping even during lean seasons.
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 57 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
Suggestions: Implementing agency may consider to facilitate for loan or assist for funding requirements and feasible solution. Create follow-up mechanisms to repay the loans taken for such dug wells or ring wells.
D. Water Distribution Tank:
It is observed from the field that the farmers are cultivating crops even in their uplands. Since the rivers are inaccessible to irrigate these fields, NMDC has created a channel of irrigation through water distribution sumps in the ground. These tanks are filled with river water by lifting through high powered electric motors and being used for cultivation. Suggestions: The level of these tanks should be raised as surface tanks so as to make easy flow of water to the farms. Solar pumps can be preferred instead of high powered electric engines. Create water management committee for proper monitoring and utilization of water.
E. Soil Testing and Crop Promotion
Soil testing is becoming an important practice in the modern day agriculture that suggest the farmer to cultivate right type of farming and crop pattern which suits his land and salinity condition for achieve higher yields.
Suggestions: Implementing agency can arrange special camps for soil testing before initiation of crop cultivation with agriculture extension departments. Farmers must be convinced through motivation camps to change the crops according to the results of soil tests.
F. Solar Pump Sets to the Farmers:
It is observed in the study area that about 20 electric pump sets were also provided to the farmers under collective farming system. This system leads the
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 58 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
group towards misuse of waters and it will create dispute among the farmers. India is blessed with maximum sunny days in a year and hence tapping solar energy is inevitable. Suggestions: Implementing agency can arrange for solar pump sets to the farmers in collaboration with the nodal agencies of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy sources at every level. The farmers must be given intensive training on maintenance and repair of solar devices and pump sets too.
G. Animal Husbandry and its Importance:
A large number of farmers in rural India depend on animal husbandry activities for their livelihood. In addition to supplying milk, meat, eggs, wool and hides, animals, mainly bullocks, are the major source of power for farmers. Thus, animal husbandry plays an important role in the rural economy. Based on the observations, almost all the farmers are just leaving their cattle for grazing on its own wish into the jungle months together without proper care. This leads to crop damages and hence the farmers demand more fencing facilities to their land areas. Suggestions: Implementing agency can arrange for awareness and motivation camps on systematic cattle rearing methods to the farmers in collaboration with animal husbandry department as it is source of income to them. The public must be motivated to keep their animals in the cattle-sheds without leaving them to the open farms. If required, the implementing agency may prepare an action plan for construction of cattle-sheds to the needy farmers. While harvesting, the farmers are habituated to harvest the grain portions only and leaving the grass at the farms. This leads to the shortage of feed to the cattle. Farmers must be taught to preserve the grass portion of different crops so as to feed the animals at their sheds. Since the people from the study area are not accustomed to consume milk, they are not extracting milk from their cattle. Training must be given under dairy
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 59 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
development schemes to make this as a viable enterprise (milk collecting & vending centers) with funding support from the implementing agency. Besides, they must be trained towards practice of organic methods of cultivation using their animal resources. They can be sent for training on vermi-compost, vermi-wash, preparation of panchakavya etc., and to convert them into active entrepreneurs.
H. Fruit Bering Trees Plantation:
As part of IVD program, the implementing agency has supplied 80 saplings (per acre) of fruit bearing trees to 1,100 farmers to plant in their fields. However, it is observed that majority of the farmers were not shown any interest to plant it but thrown them out. A very few members planted at their homestead portions but did not given attention and hence they dried. Suggestions: Proper training classes can be arranged to create awareness among the community on promotion of horticulture crops and its scope for subsidiary industries at their vicinities. Implementing agency can facilitate the farmers to plant more horticulture crops under MGNREGA scheme and any other related schemes of the government. Arrange for solar pump sets to the farmers in collaboration with the nodal agencies of the Ministry of New and Renewable energy sources at every level. The farmers can be given intensive training on maintenance and repair of solar devices and pump sets.
I. Risk Management:
Since time immemorial agriculture in India suffers from production related risks in one side and market related risks on the other. The production risk could mainly be attributable to uncontrolled weather conditions and impact of unpredictable climate change, especially in the study areas. Other important risks are, inadequate information about the quality of seed input, timely advisories for crop planning, crop protection and harvesting etc. The marketing risk would mainly include inadequate information at right time, related to market prices, advanced price signals, predictability of prices of
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 60 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives commodities, alternative markets and channels of marketing, processing and value addition for NTFP and other food products etc. In both of the risk domains, connecting farms or farmers with expert systems and flow of knowledge / information are the missing links in the study area. Suggestions: To overcome the risks in the farm practices, the implementing agencies need to focus on conduct of awareness programs with regular follow-up mechanism. Arrange exposure visits to outside the district and states mostly preferred to the research stations like IARI Pusa, Delhi, ICRISAT at Hyderabad, Darwad Agricultural University, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore and so on. Provide adequate information at right time on market conditions, prices of commodities including NTFP and other food products through SMS services.
6.1.2 Findings on Farm Based Initiatives The following are the general observations from the field. Lack of proper knowledge on cultivation practices, animal husbandry, horticulture and poultry development programs offered by the government is observed. The people must be trained on different farm related initiatives and be linked with the various welfare programs. If possible they must be sent for entrepreneurship skill training related to agri-based and NTFP industries. Nearly 75% of the villagers are still living in the Thatched houses in the study area. Though many rural housing schemes are said to be implemented in these areas, very few tribal beneficiaries could availed it and those are also lying under deteriorated conditions. The implementing agency can prepare a model plan and to initiate construction of steel houses (IIT-Hyderabad model) that would be durable, environmental friendly and long-lasting. Various skill development training programs are said to be offered to the stakeholders and community representatives in the study area. However, the respondents feel that these programs were not given expected outcome and hence, programs must be conducted with long duration as well as outside the district jurisdiction.
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 61 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
Lack of adequate supply of drinking water - requires filter stations and proper pipelines to access points in every villages Solar home lighting systems to every households and solar street lights to every poles. Wire Fencing facilities were provided to some of the farmers in the villages. This facility can also be extended to many other farmers so as to protect the crop from animals. Rural Artisans like Carpentry, Pottery, Blacksmith etc. are use with traditional methods. The implementing agency can take necessary steps to Blend the latest technology with tradition through Skill Development Programs for Professional Development
6.1.3 Educational Support NMDC is doing good initiation for the educational support to tribal children’s in the villages. Though lesser support from parents, NMDC is trying to reach them to educate. Though NMDC supplies first quality material to the schools, these were not properly maintained by the Tutors / staff in-charge in the schools. Tutors appointed in the school are self-trained and managing to deliver the services. They are not able to teach even Basic English to the students. Students are attending classes in the normal school timings i.e., 10.00 AM to 4:00 PM, but not arriving early at 8.00 am as mentioned by the Math officials. Parents also complaints that children become dull and getting sickness frequently if they go to school. This may be due to improper environment and unhygienic conditions in the school and its premises. NMDC-MATH is supplying Horlicks to the children mixing with hot water instead of milk.
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 62 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
6.1.4 Vocational Training Program Intensive training for collecting, grading, packing and marketing of tamarind and NTFP should be provided. Solar training, cell phone repairing, electrical winding and plumbing works, masonry, carpentry, vermin compost etc. to the rural youth linking with professional training institutions like MSME, National skill Development Centres, RSETIS, NIRD-RTP etc.
6.2 Hospital on Wheels: Large number of Patients with water borne diseases are treated as they could not get potable drinking water in their vicinities. Villagers are seeking more services / trips (twice or thrice) in a week to every village. Parking and treatment timings can be enhanced from one hour to 2 hours in every village. Over consumption of alcoholic liquors and use of tobacco reduces their immune system. First-aid kits to the health assistants / volunteers in the villages Need to involve SHGs for better coordination with HoW team. Nutrition support to the antenatal / postnatal cases.
6.3 Implementing Agency (NMDC): The implementation agency should have to prepare specific guidelines before initiating any developmental projects / schemes / programs under CSR. Need for concurrent monitoring on the implementing agency pertaining to the activities of IVD. NMDC should conduct monthly review meeting with implementing agency on the progress of IVD and HoW Programs.
6.4 Coordinating Agency (Shamayita Math): Provide more training inputs to the appointed staff and impart training to them on overall coordination. Improper records maintenance of found, needs to be updated. Improve field level monitoring system should be strengthened
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 63 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
SUMMARY Though CSR has a long tradition, it is a mounting concept that encourages organisations like NMDC to consider the interests of society by taking responsibility for the impact of the organisation’s activities on development of poor and downtrodden as well as to protect the environment in all aspects of its operations. This obligation is witnessed to extend beyond the expectations, voluntarily taking further steps to improve the quality of life of the tribal communities at large.
Since 2009, the NMDC is implementing many initiatives, of which the Integrated Village Development (IVD) and Hospital on Wheels (HoW) programs are gratefully acknowledged by the stakeholders in the project areas. While analyzing the results based on the developmental indicators of Likert Scale Measurement, the Integrated Village Development (IVD) program receives 68 percent of its score, whereas the Hospital on Wheels (HoW) receives 92 percent. (Score obtained: (1) Below 50 - Not Satisfied; (2) 51 to 60 – Satisfied; (3) 61 to 70 – Moderately Satisfied; (4) 71 to 80 – Highly Satisfied; (5) Above 80 – Excellent).
Overall, the study has indicated positive results of the initiatives and has direct influence on the development of tribal beneficiaries, it is recommended that NMDC may continue these programmes viz., IVD and HoW, with specific operational manuals. With its potentiality and strength, these programmes can become live successful models for the inclusive development in the country.
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National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 64 Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
Table: Suggestions Sl.No Name of the Activity Suggestions I Integrated Village Development (IVD) 1. Agriculture and Farm Based Initiatives a Land Levelling Motivate the farmers and other stakeholders for better land utilization practices and proper
cultivation methods. The implementing agency may take necessary steps to level the land that fit for cultivation in collaboration with concerned government departments (eg. MGNREGA), farmers, and village level community representatives. To facilitate financial assistance and arrange machineries (JCB/Bulldozers etc.) for land levelling activities to ensure sustainable agricultural development. b Integrated Watershed Create awareness among the villagers on importance of water and make them to contribute Management land for construction of watersheds, check dams, percolation tanks etc. by utilizing IWDP and
MGNREGA scheme funds could cater the needs of water shortage during crop cultivation. Arrange alternative land and compensation to the farmers who donate their land for community benefits. NMDC can consider to construct watersheds, farm ponds, check bunds, percolation tanks etc., under its CSR initiatives. c Dug Wells / Ring Wells Implementing agency may consider to facilitate for loan or assist for funding requirements to the Farmers and feasible solution.
Create follow-up mechanisms to repay the loans taken for such dug wells or ring wells.
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives d Water Distribution The level of these tanks should be raised as surface tanks so as to make easy flow of water to Tank the farms.
Solar pumps can be preferred instead of high powered electric engines. Create water management committee for proper monitoring and utilization of water. e Soil Testing and Crop Implementing agency can arrange special camps for soil testing before initiation of crop Promotion cultivation with agriculture extension departments.
Farmers must be convinced through motivation camps to change the crops according to the results of soil tests. f Solar Pump Sets to the Implementing agency can arrange for solar pump sets to the farmers in collaboration with the Farmers: nodal agencies of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy sources at every level.
The farmers must be given intensive training on maintenance and repair of solar devices and pump sets too. g Animal Husbandry and Implementing agency can arrange for awareness and motivation camps on systematic cattle its Importance: rearing methods to the farmers in collaboration with animal husbandry department as it is
source of income to them. The public must be motivated to keep their animals in the cattle-sheds without leaving them to the open farms. If required, the implementing agency may prepare an action plan for construction of cattle-sheds to the needy farmers.
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
While harvesting, the farmers are habituated to harvest the grain portions only and leaving the grass at the farms. This leads to the shortage of feed to the cattle. Farmers must be taught to preserve the grass portion of different crops so as to feed the animals at their sheds. Since the people from the study area are not accustomed to consume milk, they are not extracting milk from their cattle. Training must be given under dairy development schemes to make this as a viable enterprise (milk collecting & vending centers) with funding support from the implementing agency. Besides, they must be trained towards practice of organic methods of cultivation using their animal resources. They can be sent for training on vermi-compost, vermi-wash, preparation of panchakavya etc., and to convert them into active entrepreneurs. h Fruit Bering Trees Proper training classes can be arranged to create awareness among the community on Plantation: promotion of horticulture crops and its scope for subsidiary industries at their vicinities.
Implementing agency can facilitate the farmers to plant more horticulture crops under MGNREGA scheme and any other related schemes of the government. Arrange for solar pump sets to the farmers in collaboration with the nodal agencies of the Ministry of New and Renewable energy sources at every level. The farmers can be given intensive training on maintenance and repair of solar devices and pump sets. i Risk Management: To overcome the risks in the farm practices, the implementing agencies need to focus on
conduct of awareness programs with regular follow-up mechanism.
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
Arrange exposure visits to outside the district and states mostly preferred to the research stations like IARI Pusa, Delhi, ICRISAT at Hyderabad, Darwad Agricultural University, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore and so on. Provide adequate information at right time on market conditions, prices of commodities including NTFP and other food products through SMS services. j Findings on Farm Lack of proper knowledge on cultivation practices, animal husbandry, horticulture, and Based Initiatives poultry development programs offered by the government is observed. The people must be
trained on different farm related initiatives and be linked with the various welfare programs. If possible they must be sent for entrepreneurship skill training related to agri-based and NTFP industries. Nearly 75% of the villagers are still living in the Thatched houses in the study area. Though many rural housing schemes are said to be implemented in these areas, very few tribal beneficiaries could availed it and those are also lying under deteriorated conditions. The implementing agency can prepare a model plan and to initiate construction of steel houses (IIT-Hyderabad model) that would be durable, environmental friendly and long-lasting. Various skill development training programs are said to be offered to the stakeholders and community representatives in the study area. However, the respondents feel that these programs were not given expected outcome and hence, programs must be conducted with long duration as well as outside the district jurisdiction.
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
Lack of adequate supply of drinking water - requires filter stations and proper pipelines to access points in every villages Solar home lighting systems to every households and solar street lights to every poles. Wire Fencing facilities were provided to some of the farmers in the villages. This facility can also be extended to many other farmers so as to protect the crop from animals. Rural Artisans like Carpentry, Pottery, and Blacksmith etc. are use with traditional methods. The implementing agency can take necessary steps to Blend the latest technology with tradition through Skill Development Programs for Professional Development 2 Vocational Training Program
Intensive training for collecting, grading, packing and marketing of tamarind and NTFP should be provided. Solar training, cell phone repairing, electrical winding and plumbing works, masonry, carpentry, vermin compost etc. to the rural youth linking with professional training institutions like MSME, National skill Development Centres, RSETIS, NIRD-RTP etc. 3 Educational Support
NMDC is doing good initiation for the educational support to tribal children’s in the villages. Though lesser support from parents, NMDC is trying to reach them to educate. Though NMDC supplies first quality material to the schools, these were not properly maintained by the Tutors / staff in-charge in the schools.
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives
Tutors appointed in the school are self-trained and managing to deliver the services. They are not able to teach even Basic English to the students. Students are attending classes in the normal school timings i.e., 10.00 AM to 4:00 PM, but not arriving early at 8.00 am as mentioned by the Math officials. Parents also complaints that children become dull and getting sickness frequently if they go to school. This may be due to improper environment and unhygienic conditions in the school and its premises. NMDC-MATH is supplying Horlicks to the children mixing with hot water instead of milk.
Name of the Suggestions Activity 1 Hospital on Wheels Large number of Patients with water borne diseases are treated as they could not get potable drinking water in their vicinities. Villagers are seeking more services / trips (twice or thrice) in a week to every village. Parking and treatment timings can be enhanced from one hour to 2 hours in every village. Over consumption of alcoholic liquors and use of tobacco reduces their immune system. First-aid kits to the health assistants / volunteers in the villages Need to involve SHGs for better coordination with HoW team. Nutrition support to the antenatal / postnatal cases.
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India).