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Area Zonation for the Application of Rain Harvesting Method in Structural Mitigation Flood at the Watershed of Bengawan Solo Bojonegoro District

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Area Zonation for the Application of Rain Harvesting Method in Structural Mitigation Flood at the Watershed of Bengawan Solo Bojonegoro District PROCEEDING, SEMINAR NASIONAL KEBUMIAN KE-10 PERAN ILMU KEBUMIAN DALAM PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR DI INDONESIA 13 – 14 SEPTEMBER 2017; GRHA SABHA PRAMANA AREA ZONATION FOR THE APPLICATION OF RAIN HARVESTING METHOD IN STRUCTURAL MITIGATION FLOOD AT THE WATERSHED OF BENGAWAN SOLO BOJONEGORO DISTRICT Arhananta1*) Joko Purwanto1) Keni Christy Manurung1) Kenny Lekatompessy1) Muhammad Alhafiq Wahyu Nabillah1) Dr. Ir. Eko Teguh Paripurno. MT2) 1)Student of Geological Engineering of UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta 2)Lecturer in Geological Engineering of UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta Jalan SWK 104 (Lingkar utara), Condong catur, Yogyakarta *corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Flooding is a disaster for many regions in Indonesia. Bojonegoro is a district which every year has a high flood threat. The cause of flood from the reviewed through google earth imageryry, meteorological data, maps of topography, and hydrological data such of extents, discharge, and other data about watershed Bojonegoro. Area of Bojonegoro flood occur due to overflowing of bengawan solo rivers which the morphological is meandering river and have formed a bottle neck in the shape of the body area of the river. Sandbar river, meander scars, and oxbow lake on the imagerys which can be interpreted that the watershed of Bengawan Solo river part of Bojonegoro is the old stadia of which dominant the deposition of the erosion, and erosion running horizontally which allows shallowing the rivers. The average level of precipitation thatrelatively high and volume capacity reductions of the watershed makes flooding occurs every year. Rain harvesting method is the method of structural mitigation based on ecohydrology. Rain harvesting system has three basic elements that is namely the area of collection, conveyances system, and storage facilities. In this research emphasized at the elements of the collection area and flood prevention in the district of Bojonegoro which is the zonation area for application method of harvesting rain are in the headwater to the watershed of river solo Bojonegoro. The Application of zonation based on the composition of the constituent rocks and slope. Placing of rain harvesting methods applied in the watershed of bengawan solo that composed by loose material of sand to gravel, sandstone, and coarse grained of sedimentary rock, and placement in areas that have a flat to gentle slope. Keywords: Flood, Ecohydrology, Strutural Mitigation, Rain Harversting. 1. Introduction 1.1.Background Indonesia is an archipelago state situated on the equator which is geographically flanked by continent of Asia on the north and the continent of Australian on the south which resulted in Indonesia having two seasons, the dry season and the rainy season. On both sides of the season, Indonesia is experiencing problems of drought during the dry season and flooding in the rainy season. In general structural mitigation will be built reservoir or embung, but in this paper will be handled with the principle of ecohydrology using rain harvesting method. In this paper focuses on the handling of flood disaster in Bengawan solo district of Bojonegoro. 1.2. Flood Definition of Flood Disaster According to Law No.24 of 2007, disaster is defined as an event that threatens and disrupts the lives and livelihoods of the people. Disasters can be 327 PROCEEDING, SEMINAR NASIONAL KEBUMIAN KE-10 PERAN ILMU KEBUMIAN DALAM PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR DI INDONESIA 13 – 14 SEPTEMBER 2017; GRHA SABHA PRAMANA caused by natural factors and / or non-natural factors nor human factors so it emergence of human fatalities, environmental damage, property loss, and psychological impact. Flooding is defined as the inundated somewhere due to overflow of water that exceeds the drainage capacity in a region and causes physical, social and economic losses (Rahayu et al, 2009). Flooding is a seasonal threat that occurs when the body of water overflow channels that exist and inundate the surrounding area. Flooding is natural threats which often occur and most disadvantageous, both humanitarian and economic (IDEP, 2007). Simply the flood can be defined as the presence of water in a large area so that covers the earth's surface area. Particularly in Bojonegoro, floods are the most frequent disasters and be the cycle That goes on during the rainy season. The cause of the floods that occurred in Bojonegoro due to floods from the watershed before the city of Bojonegoro nor heavy rain that flushed during the rainy season. According to (Dwi ratna putri, et al 2010) in the journals of the conservation directives of Bengawan Solo river area through urban areas that the area of the Solo River solo through Bojonegoro Urban is 34.3204 km2. The characteristic of Bengawan Solo River of Urban has a length of 18.9 km with a slope of the river flow of about 1: 10,000, the width of the river is approximately 150 meters with the depth of 7 meters.The maximum river capacity ranges from m³ / sec to 1,800 m³ / sec. The result of mononobe analysis calculation from rainfall data which used to calculate peak discharge of river water and it can be knownthat there is an increase of river water discharge every year. According to (Bobby Arina Rizki, 2014) in the journals of characteristic analysis of bengawan solo river declare the extreme annual rainfall in the watershed of the headwaters of Bengawan Solo river causes the stream flow discharge which is large in several tributaries between Bendung Colo, Sukoharjo up to Jurug, Surakarta.The amount of flow discharge found in each varies of tributary with each occurrence of large rain depending on which sub-watersheds there are rainfall. The characteristics of river flood hydrograph (lateral inflow) and flood travel time from upstream to downstream of the study can be identified by simulation of some occurrence of rain. This research aims to know the flood characteristics in the River of Bengawan Solo Colo Bendung Area - Surakarta City.The first step in this research is the unit of hydrograph analysis and preliminary analysis of the watershed parameter. Then, the hydrological model was compiled using HEC-HMS program to calibrate the watershed parameter against the occurance of rain and real time flow discharge so obtained the optimum parameter representing the watershed characteristics.Using the optimum of watershed parameters which obtained, simulation of some occurance of rain can be done. The results of this research indicate that the flood characteristics in the Bengawan Solo River Bendung Colo - Kota Surakarta is affected by the lateral inflow of the tributaries in the watershed, with the dominant tributaries being the Dengkeng and Samin Rivers. 1.3. Ecohydrology Ecohydrology is a new paradigm which is a combination of hydrology and biota dynamics in the catchment area to be applied in solving environmental problems (Zalewski et al., 1997). Vivile & Littlewood (1997) emphasize ecohydrology as a combination of biological sciences and physical sciences in an effort to be more understanding about ecosystems.Vivoni (2003) states that ecohydrology studies focus on the relationship between ecosystem patterns with soil moisture, climate and soil; As well as the role of vegetation in water balance, surface flow energy. UNESCO (2004), states that the concept of ecohydrology is based on 3 principles, namely framework, target and methodology. The concept of ecohydrology with a scientific approach that takes into account the interaction of abiotic and biotic aspects is formulated into three principles and one of the following theories: 328 PROCEEDING, SEMINAR NASIONAL KEBUMIAN KE-10 PERAN ILMU KEBUMIAN DALAM PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR DI INDONESIA 13 – 14 SEPTEMBER 2017; GRHA SABHA PRAMANA The principle 1, the hydrological aspect, concerns the abiotic structure of the river system, the dynamics of hydrological processes, and the specific spatial-temporal impacts of human intervention; Principle 2, which is ecological integrity, involves inter-relation of ecosystem components showing the potential and capacity of ecosystem in producing environmental products and services; and Principle 3, ecotechnology, concerns the use of information and knowledge about abiotic and biotic aspects (from principles 1 and 2) for the development of new ecotourism biotechnology and hydrological system solutions that can enhance ecosystem capacity in producing environmental products and services. Zalewski (2010), stated that the implementation of the concept of ecohydrology as an integrated watershed management tool can be done with the following four steps: (A) monitoring threats by methods of hydrological quantification; (B) assessing causal relationships with analysis of ecological patterns and processes; (C) develop ecohydrological methods with ecotechnology using points (a) and (b) to increase the production capacity and ecosystem environment services; and (D) develop an integrated system solution by integrating the abiotic, biotic, and institutional socioeconomic aspects. According to (Pawitan and Haryani 2011) the needs for ecohydrology research in Indonesia as follows: - Research on trophic level (trophic level) in terms of balance between producers and consumers in a lake or reservoir, and their relation to the water level - Research in ecotonic areas between biota and water fluctuations - Research and development of aquatic zonation - Research development of riparian areas - Research on improving water retention capability related to the environment - Research fito technology to solve the problem of environmental
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