Explanatory Report to the OPSC Guidelines
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Contribution to the UNHCHR Report on Children Living And/Or Working
ECPAT International Contribution to the UNHCHR Report on Children living and/or working on the street and the links to sexual exploitation PRODUCED BY ECPAT International End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Trafficking of children for sexual purposes September 2011 1 ECPAT International Introduction Securing daily basic needs and protection from the hostilities and violence on the street is a perpetual fight, and it often means enduring sexual abuse and exploitation. The spectre of neglect evidenced by the alarmingly high number of children surviving on the street across the world runs counter to the principles enshrined in the CRC, which provide for the protection of children's overall well being, human dignity and mental and physical integrity. Children living and working on the streets are part of the most excluded and at-risk persons in the world, and living on the streets deprive them of a safe environment, comfort and education. The commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) is defined by the ILO Convention 182 as one of the worst forms of child labour and means the sexual abuse of a child in exchange of money or other form of remuneration. This includes child prostitution, pornography, sex tourism and trafficking for sexual purposes. It is commonly accepted that a child cannot consent freely to have sexual intercourse with an adult, including children surviving on the street. Therefore, in such cases, they should be considered victims and afforded the necessary protection. Sexual exploitation on the street takes place, by definition, in public areas, like roads, beaches, markets or parks; usually the sex offender approaches the young victim in order to have a sexual relationship. -
Government, Civil Society and Private Sector Responses to the Prevention of Sexual Exploitation of Children in Travel and Tourism
April 2016 Government, civil society and private sector responses to the prevention of sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism A Technical Background Document to the Global Study on Sexual Exploitation of Children in Travel and Tourism Child Protection Section, Programme Division, UNICEF Headquarters ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ‘ The paper was prepared by Clara Sommarin (Child Protection Specialist, Programme Division, UNICEF Headquarters), Frans de Man and Amaya Renobales (independent consultants) and Jeanette Trang (intern Child Protection Section, Programme Division, UNICEF Headquarters) and copyedited by Alison Raphael. FRONT COVER: On 14 March 2016, a young vendor walks along a highly trafficked street in the heart of the city of Makati’s “red light district,” in Metro Manila, Philippines. Makati is considered the financial and economic centre of Manila, and is also a hub for sexual exploitation in the context of travel and tourism. © UNICEF/UN014913/Estey FACING PAGE: [NAME CHANGED] Rosie, 16, in Dominica in the eastern Caribbean on 8 July 2017. Rosie was 15 yrs old when she underwent sexual abuse. © UNICEF/UN0142224/Nesbitt i CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 1 2. INTERNATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR ACTION .................................................................... 3 2.1 International Human Rights Standards ................................................................................... 3 2.2 Global Political Commitments -
Summary Paper on Online Child Sexual Exploitation
SUMMARY PAPER ON ONLINE CHILD SEXUAL EXPLOITATION ECPAT International is a global network of civil society The Internet is a part of children’s lives. Information organisations working together to end the sexual exploitation of and Communication Technologies (ICT) are now as children (SEC). ECPAT comprises member organisations in over important to the education and social development of 100 countries who generate knowledge, raise awareness, and children and young people as they are to the overall advocate to protect children from all forms of sexual exploitation. global economy. According to research, children and adolescents under 18 account for an estimated one in Key manifestations of sexual exploitation of children (SEC) three Internet users around the world1 and global data include the exploitation of children in prostitution, the sale and indicates that children’s usage is increasing – both in trafficking of children for sexual purposes, online child sexual terms of the number of children with access, and their exploitation (OCSE), the sexual exploitation of children in travel time spent online.2 While there is still disparity in access and tourism (SECTT) and some forms of child, early and forced to new technologies between and within countries in marriages (CEFM). None of these contexts or manifestations are the developed and developing world, technology now isolated, and any discussion of one must be a discussion of SEC mediates almost all human activities in some way. Our altogether. lives exist on a continuum that includes online and offline domains simultaneously. It can therefore be argued that Notably, these contexts and manifestations of SEC are becoming children are living in a digital world where on/offline increasingly complex and interlinked as a result of drivers like greater mobility of people, evolving digital technology and rapidly expanding access to communications. -
Technical Report: Towards a Global Indicator on Unidentified Victims in Child Sexual Exploitation Material
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Study on the Effects of New Information Technologies on the Abuse and Exploitation of Children
Study on the Effects of New Information Technologies on the Abuse and Exploitation of Children on the Technologies of New Information Study on the Effects Study on the Effects of New Information Technologies on the Abuse and Exploitation of Children UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna Study on the Effects of New Information Technologies on the Abuse and Exploitation of Children UNITED NATIONS New York, 2015 © United Nations, May 2015. All rights reserved, worldwide. This report has not been formally edited and remains subject to editorial changes. The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNODC or contributory organizations and neither do they imply any endorsement. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Information on uniform resource locators and links to Internet sites contained in the present publication are provided for the convenience of the reader and are correct at the time of issue. The United Nations takes no responsibility for the continued accuracy of that information or for the content of any external website. Publishing production: English, Publishing and Library Section, United Nations Office at Vienna. Acknowledgements This report was prepared pursuant to ECOSOC resolution 2011/33 on Prevention, protection and international cooperation against the use of new information technologies to abuse and/or exploit children by Conference Support Section, Organized Crime Branch, Division for Treaty Affairs, UNODC, under the supervision of John Sandage (former Director, Division for Treaty Affairs), Sara Greenblatt and Loide Lungameni (former and current Chief, Organized Crime Branch, respectively), and Gillian Murray (former Chief, Conference Support Section). -
National Guidelines for Barnahus in Slovenia
National Guidelines arnahus (Children’s House) is a leading model in Europe for Barnahus in Slovenia for a coordinated child-friendly, interagency and multi- B disciplinary state response towards child sexual abuse. The purpose of Barnahus is to coordinate and facilitate parallel criminal and child welfare investigations and to provide support services for child victims and witnesses of sexual abuse. This publication contains a series of guiding principles for authorities and professionals to support the establishment and sustainable operation of Barnahus in Slovenia. The guidelines were developed in the framework of the joint European Union-Council of Europe project “Barnahus/Children’s House” (2018) implemented in close collaboration with the Ministry of Justice of Slovenia. www.coe.int/children PREMS 104918 ENG The Council of Europe is the continent’s leading human rights organisation. It comprises 47 member Building a Europe states, 28 of which are members of the European for and with children Union. The Parliamentary Assembly, consisting of www.coe.int representatives from the 47 national parliaments, provides a forum for debate and proposals on Europe’s social and political issues. Many Council of Europe conventions originate from the Assembly, including the European Convention on Human Rights. National Guidelines for Barnahus in Slovenia All rights reserved. All requests concerning the reproduction or translation of all or part of this document should be addressed to the Directorate of Communication (F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex or [email protected]). Cover and lay-out: Documents and Publications Production Department (SDPD), Council of Europe This publication has not been copy-edited by the SDPD Editorial Unit to correct typographical and grammatical errors. -
Terminology Guidelines for the Protection of Children from Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse
TERMINOLOGY GUIDELINES FOR THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN FROM SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND SEXUAL ABUSE Terminology Guidelines for the Protection of Children from Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse Adopted by the Interagency Working Group in Luxembourg, 28 January 2016 Text written by Susanna Greijer and Jaap Doek and approved by the Interagency Working Group ISBN: 978-92-61-21491-3 (paper version) 978-92-61-21501-9 (electronic version) English original, first printing, June 2016 June, 2016 Copyright ECPAT International, jointly with ECPAT Luxembourg This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http:// creativecommons. org/ licenses/by- nc- nd/ 4. 0/ . Permission to translate this work should be obtained through ECPAT International 328/1 Phayathai Road Rachathewi, Bangkok 10400 Thailand Tel: +66 2 215 3388 Fax: +66 2 215 8272 Email: [email protected] Website: www. ecpat.net Acknowledgements The content of this publication is shaped from discussions by the Interagency Working Group (IWG) and input from the participating organisations, and particular thanks are expressed to the following persons: Maud de Boer-Buquicchio (UN Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography) and relevant staff members from the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Sheila Varadan, ECPAT International, Benyam Mezmur (African Committee on the Rights and Welfare of the Child), Beatrice Schulter and Anita Goh (Child -
ACTION to END CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE and EXPLOITATION: a REVIEW of the EVIDENCE • 2020 About the Authors
ACTION TO END CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE AND EXPLOITATION: A REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE • 2020 About the authors Lorraine Radford is Emeritus Professor of Social Policy and Social Work at the University of Central Lancashire, UK; Debbie Allnock is Senior Research Fellow at the International Centre, University of Bedfordshire, UK; Patricia Hynes is Reader in Forced Migration in the School of Applied Social Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, UK; Sarah Shorrock is Research Officer at the Institute of Citizenship, Society & Change at the University of Central Lancashire, UK This publication has been produced with financial support from the End Violence Fund. However, the opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the End Violence Fund. Suggested citation: United Nations Children’s Fund (2020) Action to end child sexual abuse and exploitation: A review of the evidence, UNICEF, New York Published by UNICEF Child Protection Section Programme Division 3 United Nations Plaza New York, NY 10017 Email: [email protected] Website: www.unicef.org © United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) December 2020. Permission is required to reproduce any part of this publication. Permission will be freely granted to educational or non-profit organizations. For more information on usage rights, please contact: [email protected] Cover Photo: © UNICEF/UNI328273/Viet Hung ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This evidence review was commissioned by UNICEF to support Hanna Tiefengraber, Associate Expert, UNODC; Catherine -
IN the SUPREME COURT of TENNESSEE at KNOXVILLE January 27, 2016 Session
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF TENNESSEE AT KNOXVILLE January 27, 2016 Session STATE OF TENNESSEE v. THOMAS WHITED Appeal by Permission from the Court of Criminal Appeals Appeal from the Criminal Court for Knox County No. 100430 Steven Wayne Sword, Judge _____________________________ No. E2013-02523-SC-R11-CD – Filed November 7, 2016 _____________________________ A jury convicted the defendant on nine counts of especially aggravated sexual exploitation of a minor, one count of attempt to commit that offense, thirteen counts of observation without consent, and one count of attempt to commit that offense. The convictions arose out of the defendant‘s hidden-camera videotaping of his twelve-year- old daughter and her teenage friend while they were in various stages of undress. The trial court sentenced the defendant to an effective sentence of twenty-two years. In a divided opinion, the Court of Criminal Appeals affirmed his convictions and sentence. In determining that the hidden-camera videos constituted prohibited child pornography under the child sexual exploitation statutes, the Court of Criminal Appeals relied in part on the six specific factors set forth in United States v. Dost, 636 F. Supp. 828 (S.D. Cal. 1986), sometimes referred to as the ―Dost factors.‖ The defendant now appeals his nine convictions for especially aggravated sexual exploitation of a minor, and he also challenges his sentence. We hold that, under the three child sexual exploitation statutes, Tennessee Code Annotated sections 39-17-1003, -1004, and -1005 (2014), the content of the prohibited material is judged by the same standard, regardless of whether the accused produced it, distributed it, or merely possessed it. -
Online Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation
ONLINE CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE AND EXPLOITATION Current forms and good practice for prevention and protection Nikoleta Lydaki Simantiri June 2017 This report was written by Nikoleta Lydaki Simantiri, in collaboration with ECPAT France and ECPAT Luxembourg. Published in June 2017 Copyright ECPAT France and ECPAT Luxembourg Design by Ophélie Rigault Photographies by Javier Santamaría and Ophélie Rigault The information and views set out in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the French Agency for Development (AFD) or the Luxembourg Ministry for Foreign and European Affairs. FOREWORD ECPAT is an expanding network of local civil society organisations and coalitions that share one common goal: to end the sexual exploitation of children around the world. ECPAT conducts research to build the collective understanding of child sexual exploitation. Together with our members and partners, we coordinate evidence-based advocacy at all levels to strengthen national justice and protection systems and to increase investment in combating the sexual exploitation of children. In line with ECPAT International’s mission, ECPAT France and ECPAT Luxembourg aim to realise the right of all children to live free from all forms of sexual exploitation. This study has been commissioned as part of the programme “REPERES”1 led by ECPAT France and ECPAT Luxembourg which aims at strengthening the protection of children against sexual abuse and exploitation in 14 countries of Africa and the MENA region2 by sharing tools, experience and best practice between partners. REPERES is a 3-year project, co-financed by the AFD (Agence Française de Développement) and the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. -
Barnahus Quality Standards
Barnahus Quality Standards Guidance for Multidisciplinary and Interagency Response to Child Victims and Witnesses of Violence The PROMISE Project series Ólöf Ásta Farestveit, Barnahus Reykjavik Pilot Country Exchange www.childrenatrisk.eu/promise Anna Frank-Viron, Children’s House, Childrens Bulgaria: Social Activities and Practices Institute Protection Department, Social Insurance Board (SAPI) Publisher Turid Heiberg, Council of the Baltic Sea States Cyprus: Hope for Children CRC Policy Center and Council of the Baltic Sea States Secretariat Secretariat Ministry for Social Services and Child Circle Peter van der Linden, Verwey-Jonker Institute England: NHS England Anna Nelsson, Barnahus Linköping Estonia: Child Protection Unit, Estonian Social ISBN 978-91-980572-9-4 Rebecca O’Donnell, Child Circle Insurance Board and Department of Children and Anna M Pettersson, Barnahus Linköping Families, Ministry of Social Affairs Author Ana Marija Spanic, Centre for Child and Youth Germany: ChildHood Germany Olivia Lind Haldorsson, Child Circle Protection, Zagreb Hungary: Barnahus Szombatehly, ESZTER Foundation Andrea Wagner Thomsen, Centre for Children, Youth and Hungarian Church Aid Foreword and key contributions and Families, National Board for Social Services Ireland: Irish Police Force and TUSLA Bragi Guðbrandsson, The Government Agency for Latvia: Association Center Dardedze and Children Child Protection, Iceland Pilot contributions and Family Policy Department, Ministry of Welfare Michael van Aswegen, TUSLA Ireland Lithuania: Children Division, -
18 of 71 DOCUMENTS Caution As Of: Mar 30, 2007 UNITED STATES OF
Page 1 444 F.3d 1286, *; 2006 U.S. App. LEXIS 8384, **; 19 Fla. L. Weekly Fed. C 418 18 of 71 DOCUMENTS Caution As of: Mar 30, 2007 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee, versus MICHAEL WILLIAMS, Defendant-Appellant. No. 04-15128 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT 444 F.3d 1286; 2006 U.S. App. LEXIS 8384; 19 Fla. L. Weekly Fed. C 418 April 6, 2006, Decided April 6, 2006, Filed SUBSEQUENT HISTORY: As Amended April REAVLEY, * Circuit Judges. 21, 2006. Rehearing, en banc, denied by United States v. Williams, 186 Fed. Appx. 983, 2006 U.S. App. LEXIS 25218 (11th Cir. Fla., 2006) * Honorable Thomas M. Reavley, United US Supreme Court certiorari granted by United States Circuit Judge for the Fifth Circuit, States v. Williams, 2007 U.S. LEXIS 3581 (U.S., sitting by designation. Mar. 26, 2007) OPINION BY: Thomas M. REAVLEY PRIOR HISTORY: [**1] Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern OPINION: [*1288] REAVLEY, Circuit Judge: District of Florida. D. C. Docket No. 04-20299-CR- Michael Williams appeals his conviction for DMM. promotion of child pornography under 18 U.S.C. § 2252A(a)(3)(B) on the grounds of facial DISPOSITION: CONVICTION REVERSED unconstitutionality. For this reason, we reverse that AND SENTENCE ON COUNT ONE VACATED; conviction. Williams was also convicted of SENTENCE ON COUNT TWO AFFIRMED. possession of child pornography under 18 U.S.C. § 2252A(a)(5)(B), and he appeals his sentence for that offense on the grounds that the court COUNSEL: For Williams, Michael, Appellant: unconstitutionally enhanced his sentence under a Grillo, Ophelia M., Ophelia M.