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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1743 This Great Power to the Post-Office Department, Which Is the Point at the Post-Routes Now Established Are of Any Sort of Good

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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1743 This Great Power to the Post-Office Department, Which Is the Point at the Post-Routes Now Established Are of Any Sort of Good 1879. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1743 this great power to the Post-Office Department, which is the point at the post-routes now established are of any sort of good. We establish issue. a.a a post-route anything that anymember of Congress or Senator de­ I will not undertake to state that the Senator from Kentucky is sires, and the Postmaster-General puts on such service as be pleases,. presenting a measure which is not constitutional; yet I do say that and does a.s much as be pleases and no more. All the railroads of the to my mind his proposition is not clear. It is a proposition which United States were made by one sweeping act post-routes. The mo­ should be carefully lookecl into, it should be carefully investigated, ment a railroad is extended twenty miles, the postal service is extended it should come in as a substantive independent measure, and it should with it. The navigable rivers I understand are in the same·condition come in at a time when we would all have the opportunity of hear­ and are treated in the same way. Therefore I sought to save the ing the great lawyers of this body discuss so grave a question. Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads, and certainly it would save Again, Mr. President, I have been in the habit of looking at a long me and every Senator and Representative immense trouble in going unbroken construction, passing through years, and in this case through over the details of a post-route bill if this could be done. But hav­ eighty-seven years, all construing the law exactly one way, as justly ing called attention to that fact, and as the committee seem to think entitled to great weight. Congress after Congress, beginning with that perhaps it would interfere with their bill, I will withdraw the the first under the Constitution, the federal party when it was in amendment I have offered, submitting to their discretion. power, the democratic party when it came into power, the whig party l\:lr. MAXEY. I will say with all deference to the· Senator from when it was in power, and the republican party-all parties-have Kentucky that if he will give UB an. opportunity to investigate the construed the law precisely as we are to-day trying to carry it out. question at the next session, I will give my word that the committee Certainly we should halt and study about it before we set all this will investigate it to the bottom. aside. Mr. BECK. I withdraw the amendment and will send it to the I 1>hould like to show in addition to what I have stated that there committee at the next session. are some good historical rea-sons for retaining the law as it is. One The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment prnposed by the· of the best tables of statistics showing the progress of this country Senator from Kentucky has been withdrawn. from the foundation of the Government under the Constitution is The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the· amend­ that which is made up on the very subject which we are now discuss­ ments were concurred in. ing. I will state here that the first regular post-office established The amendments were ordered to be engrossed and the bill to be- in the colonies by Parliament was in 1710. In 1683 Penn granted an read a third time. ' order for a post-road from Philadelphia to New Castle, and that the The bill was read the third time, and passed. first post-route bill that was passed under the Constitution wa-s in TEXAS JUDICIAL DISTRICTS. the year 1792, and thatwent onjastexactlyaswegoon to-day, estab­ lishing post-roads by name. There was n.nother bill passed in 1794, l\Ir. GARLAND. I move that the Sena.ta proceed to the considera­ which followed the same rule; another one in 179.7, and another one tion of the bill (S. No. 572) to amend an act approved February 24,. in 1799, which simply declared that where there were two or more 1879, entitled "An act to create the northern judicial district of the· roads leading from the same point to a given point the Postmaster- State of Texas, and to change the eastern and western judicial dis­ General might select either, which is the law now. · tricts of said State, and to fix the time and pfa.ces of holding courts. In 1790 there were seventy-five post-offices in the United States; in said districts." eighteen hundred and seventy-five miles of post-roads. 'l'he revenue This bill is the unanimous report of the Judiciary Committee. derived from that Department was $37 ,935. The expenq.itures of the Mr. ALLISON rose. Department were $32,140. The salaries of postmasters were $ ,198. Mr. GARLAND. If the Senator from Iowa desires any other spe­ There were paid for the transportation of mails $22,081. That was in cial business to be proceeded with, I will simply ask that the bill be­ 1790, just after the adoption of the Constitution of the United States. taken up now and laid aside informally so as tc> be first in order to­ I pmit the intermediate years, which show step by step the advance morrow. of the country, and pa,ss to the year 1878, the last reported, Mr. ALLISON. I have no objection to the matter being taken upt Nearly ninety years after, in 1878, there were 39,258 postmasters in to be proceeded with in the morning. Unless some other Senator the United States; 301,966 miles of post-road; 29,277,517 revenue desires to present something to the Senate, I wish to move an execu­ from that Department; 34,165,0 4 expenditures for that Department; tive session. ~7,977,852 salaries of postmasters; and paid for the transportation of Mr. GARLAND. It is the understanding, then, that this bill be the mails $19,262,421. Let any one contrast these sta.tistics of 1790 taken up, so that it shall be the unfinished business for to-morrow f and 1878 and he will see the wonderful progress of our country. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill will be reported to the So far as expenses are concerned, the expenses of this bill are al­ Senate for information and for its action. ready in a memmre concluded. The pending bill passed the Honse of The Chief Clerk read the bill. Representatives, it went to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post­ The PRESIDING 0 FFICER. Is there objection to the present con­ Roads, it has pa-ssecl through that committee, it hµs been printed, it sideration of the bill 'f The Chair hears none, and it is before the is now in the Senate, and there is nothing to do but simply to p:iss Senate as in Committee of the Whole. the bill; there is no additional expense. My judgment is, if you trans­ Mr. GARLAND. I will now agree that it be laid aside so as to be. fe:r this great power which belongs to Congress to the Postmaster­ the unfinished business for to-morrow. General, you will require, not one clerk, not five clerks, but you will . Mr. BAYARD. Pending the consideration of the bill, which I un­ require twenty clerks more in order to keep up correspondence with derstand is now before the Senate, I move that the Senate proceed tc every part of the country to ascertain what are State roads. Agvin the consideration of executive business. I say to the Senator from Kentucky, that, broad and sweeping n-s his The motion was agreed to; and the Senate- proceeded to the con­ measure is designed to be, it is not so broad as the law as it now sideration of executive business. After twenty-three minutes spent. stands. in executive session the doors were reQpened, a.nd (at two o'clock ancl The amendment of the Senator from Kentucky proposes to authorize forty-five minutes p. m.) the Sen:i.te a~ourned. the Postmaster-General to place "mail service upon any public high­ way, river, or railroad within the United States as the public service may require; and such public highways, rivers, and railroads are hereby declared post-roads." As a matter of course public rivers, high­ ways, and railroa-ds being named, other ways are excluded. Expres­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. sio unius est exclusio alterius. The mail service over canals and over lakes would be excluded. The law as it now stands provides for" the TUESDAY, June 3, 1879. mail to be carried in any steamboat or other vessel used as a packet on any of the waters of the United States," so that the lawn-sit stands The House met at twelve o'clock m. Prayer by Rev. SA..'1UEL DO­ is n. better law than that which the Senator proposes. MER, D. D., of St. Paul's Lutheran Church, Washington, District of But I beg that the Senator will not now insist upon his amendment, Columbia. for he would injure, I think, every State that wv.nts to get routes estab­ The Journal of yesterda.y was ren.d a.nd approved. lished by this bill. I am entirely sure that whether there be any ORDER OF BUSDmSS. merit in the amendment of the Senn.tor from Kentucky or not-a.nd I Mr. DUNNELL. I rise to ask that by unanimous consent the call am not prepared to say now that there is not; I prefer to travel the of States for bill.8 and resolutions may be continued from the point roa.d which our ancestors have traYeled from the founcla.tion of the where it ended yesterday.
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