DOCSLIB.ORG

A Mixed Colony of Tetramorium Immigrans Santschi, 1927 and the Putative Social Parasite Tetramorium Aspina Sp.N

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Mixed Colony of Tetramorium Immigrans Santschi, 1927 and the Putative Social Parasite Tetramorium Aspina Sp.N ISSN 1997-3500 Myrmecological News myrmecologicalnews.org Myrmecol. News 28: 25-33 doi: 10.25849/myrmecol.news_028:025 13 September 2018 Original Article ZooBank LSID: 0FFDEA17-75EA-419B-A732-3E17D4C316CA A mixed colony of Tetramorium immigrans Santschi, 1927 and the putative social parasite Tetramorium aspina sp.n. (Hymeno ptera: Formicidae) Herbert C. Wagner, Celal Karaman, Volkan Aksoy & Kadri Kiran Abstract Mixed ant colonies have long fascinated biologists since they are often examples of social parasitism. From the ge- nus Tetramorium Mayr, 1855, two types of social parasitism are well known: dulosis and inquilinism. We present a nest record from Turkey comprising workers of T. immigrans Santschi, 1927, workers and a single gyne of a new species, and brood in commonly used nest chambers. We interpret the new species as a social parasite and describe it as T. aspina sp.n. Three characteristics indicate a morphological degeneration of the worker caste: Workers of T. aspina sp.n. have strongly reduced propodeal spines, larger intranest morphological variability than workers of the T. caespitum complex sensu Wagner & al. (2017: Myrmecological News 25: 95-129), and a larger proportion of these workers have an aberrant propodeum (“propodeal syndrome”) compared with workers of the T. caespitum complex. The discovery of T. aspina sp.n. raises interesting questions concerning the characterization of its socially parasitic life history and its evolutionary origin. Key words: Morphometrics, propodeal spine, intranest morphological variability, worker caste degeneration, new species, Tetramorium caespitum complex, non-cryptic pavement ant, Turkey. Received 6 March 2018; revision received 29 August 2018; accepted 30 August 2018 Subject Editor: Christian Rabeling Herbert C. Wagner (contact author), Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; ÖKOTEAM – Institute for Animal Ecology and Landscape Planning, Bergmanngasse 22, 8010 Graz, Austria. E-mail: [email protected] Celal Karaman, Volkan Aksoy & Kadri Kiran, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Introduction Symbioses among ant species have fascinated biologists inquilinism (permanent social parasitism without slavery). for centuries (Huber 1810, Darwin 1859, Forel 1874, The latter two occur in the species-rich genus Tetramorium Fabre 1879, Hoffer 1889, Wasmann 1891, Emery 1909, Mayr, 1855 leading to its central role in social parasitism Faber 1967, Kutter 1968, Hölldobler & Wilson 1990, research (Forel 1874, Emery 1909, Crawley & Donist- Heinze 1996, Seifert 2007, Buschinger 2009). According horpe 1913, Emery 1913, Kutter 1950, Stumper 1951, to Hölldobler & Wilson (1990), there are two types of ant Kutter 1968, Hölldobler & Wilson 1990, Sanetra & al. symbioses: compound nests and mixed colonies. In com- 1999, Seifert 2007, Buschinger 2009, Ward & al. 2015). pound nests, two ant species share a nest space or nest close We describe Tetramorium aspina sp.n., a non-cryptic to one another and occasionally interact, but they keep and species belonging to the T. caespitum group sensu Bolton rear their brood separately (Gray & al. 2018). In contrast, in (1995). We argue that the putative mixed colony indicates mixed colonies, two ant species share a nest space, interact social parasitism using T. immigrans Santschi, 1927, a frequently, and store brood in a common area where they member of the T. caespitum complex sensu Wagner & al. are cared for by one or both species. Usually, myrmecolo- (2017), as host. gists explain the origins of mixed colonies via one of three Materials and methods types of social parasitism (Hölldobler & Wilson 1990, Seifert 2007, Buschinger 2009): temporary social parasit- Sample: In 2012, 888 Tetramorium nest samples were ism, dulosis (permanent social parasitism with slavery), or collected from the East Black Sea Region in Turkey (leg. K. © 2018 The Author(s). Open access, licensed under CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Statistics: Intranest morphological variability of Tetramorium aspina sp.n. was compared with that of the T. caespitum complex for 30 characters. In T. aspina sp.n., pairwise differences of morphometric and meristic character values of workers were calculated. By using 18 workers, there were (182 + 18) / 2 - 18 = 153 pair com- binations. Negative difference values were multiplied by -1 to build arithmetic means of only positive values. The same was repeated with 478 intranest worker pairs of the T. caespitum complex (using data of Wagner & al. 2017). The procedure described here was performed for absolute values and for indices (i.e., values divided by the a b head index CS). In a t-test (two-sided, type one), mean intranest character differences of T. aspina sp.n. and the Fig. 1: Transversal section of mesosoma at level of propodeal T. caespitum complex were compared (Tab. 1). Frequency spiracles. In workers with the “propodeal syndrome”, the pro- differences in the occurrence of propodeal syndrome be- podeal narrowing leads to a step at meeting point of metapleuron tween T. aspina sp.n. and the T. caespitum complex were and propodeum with an angle of around 90° (a). In normal evaluated using a chi-square-test. Statistics were done in workers, the step is missing or less pronounced and the angle SPSS Statistics v19. The alpha used was 0.05. is more obtuse (b). Treatment of species names: For all Tetramorium species listed for Europe, the Mediterranean Basin, North Africa, Middle East, Turkey, transcaucasian countries, Kiran, C. Karaman & V. Aksoy). This area of northeastern Iran, and the Arabian Peninsula (Borowiec 2014), either Turkey has thus far received little attention from myr- recent taxonomic revisions (Sanetra & al. 1999, Güsten & mecologists (cf. Kiran & Karaman 2012). Seven of the 888 al. 2006, Csősz & al. 2007, Csősz & Schulz 2010, Sharaf samples were taken from near the Giresun-Dereli-Çamlı & al. 2012, Borowiec & al. 2015, Radchenko & Scupola Village (50 km SSE Giresun, 40.4767° N, 38.5108° E, 2015, Sharaf & al. 2015, Borowiec & al. 2016, Salata & 1953 m above sea level). One of the seven samples proved to Borowiec 2017, Sharaf & al. 2017, Wagner & al. 2017) be a nest comprising two species. The nest was excavated or original descriptions were analyzed. Additionally, all thoroughly and a large number but not all of the available Tetramorium type images available on AntWeb were in- individuals of both the putative parasitic species and the vestigated. Species that were neither yellowish nor lacked putative host were collected. distinct propodeal spines were excluded from our list of Morphological investigation: Data were collected possible conspecifics. The only species similar toT. aspina using a LEICA MZ16 A high-performance stereomicro- sp.n. was investigated by taking morphometrics of images scope with a magnification range of 80 - 294×. The host on AntWeb. species was determined using the key of Wagner & al. Results and discussion (2017). Morphometric and meristic data of 18 workers of Tetramorium aspina sp.n. from the type nest were taken. Mixed colony record: About 500 (56%) of the 888 Te- Most characters were defined byWagner & al. (2017); due tramorium nests sampled in the East Black Sea Region to the partial lack of propodeal spines, SPWI could not belonged to the Tetramorium caespitum complex. Near be measured in workers. One morphometric character the Giresun-Dereli-Çamlı Village we found five nests of is newly introduced: PSW, which is the maximum outer T. cf. impurum (Foerster, 1850), one of an unidentified distance between the edges of the left and right propo- Tetramorium species, and one nest containing the two deal spiracles, measured in dorsal view. In the gyne, the species T. immigrans and T. aspina sp.n. Workers of the depth of median petiole and postpetiole insection were latter were distinguishable in the field from host workers also measured. Additionally, unilateral numbers of teeth by their yellowish color and smaller size. The nest was and ommatidia were counted. All bilateral characters constructed under a stone that was 30 × 20 cm in diameter except PnHL (see definition in Wagner & al. 2017) were and 5 - 10 cm high. The colony comprised similar propor- measured from both sides and an arithmetic mean was tions of workers of each species. Workers of both species calculated. In addition to morphometric measurements were evenly distributed over all nest chambers. The brood and meristics, qualitative morphological characters were chambers comprised many larvae and one pupa. Based on collected. As “propodeal syndrome” we define an aberrant the characteristic shape of the propodeum, the pupa could propodeal narrowing, which is found in workers of T. be assigned to T. aspina sp.n., but we could not assign the aspina sp.n. as well as in the T. caespitum complex. The larvae to a species. If the larvae included individuals from propodeal narrowing leads to a step at the meeting point T. immigrans, our observation could be interpreted as a of metapleuron and propodeum with an angle of around case of a mixed colony. Alternatively, if the larvae only be- 90° (Fig. 1a). In normal workers, the step is missing or less longed to T. aspina sp.n., both species could be considered pronounced and the angle is more obtuse (Fig. 1b). as co-inhabiting a compound nest. The only non-worker 26 Tab. 1: Mean intranest character
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Trofička Niša Mirmekofagnog Predatora Tijekom Ontogenetičkog Razvoja
    Trofička niša mirmekofagnog predatora tijekom ontogenetičkog razvoja Gajski, Domagoj Master's thesis / Diplomski rad 2019 Degree Grantor / Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science / Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:211948 Rights / Prava: In copyright Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-09-26 Repository / Repozitorij: Repository of Faculty of Science - University of Zagreb University of Zagreb Faculty of Science Department of Biology Domagoj Gajski Trophic niche of an ant-eating predator during its ontogenetic development Graduation Thesis Zagreb, 2019. This thesis was made during an internship at the Masaryk University (Brno, Czech Republic) under the supervision of Prof. Mgr. Stanislav Pekár, Ph.D. and Assoc. Prof. Dr. sc. Damjan Franjević from University of Zagreb, and submitted for evaluation to the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb in order to acquire the title Master of molecular biology. I would first like to thank my thesis advisors Prof. dr. mgr. Stanislav Pekar and dr. mgr. Lenka Petrakova of the arachnological lab at the Masaryk University. The door to their offices was always open whenever I ran into questions about my research or writing. They consistently allowed this paper to be my own work but steered me in the right direction whenever they thought I needed it. I would like to thank all the co-workers at the arachnological lab, that made each day of work more interesting by losing their spiders in the lab. They somehow always landed on my work desk.
    [Show full text]
  • Range Expansion in an Introduced Social Parasite-Host Species Pair Abstract Keywords
    1 Range expansion in an introduced social parasite-host species pair 2 Jackson A. Helms IV1*, Selassie E. Ijelu2, Nick M. Haddad1 3 1 Kellogg Biological Station, Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, 3700 E Gull 4 Lake Dr, Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA 5 2 University of Saint Francis, 2701 Spring St, Fort Wayne, IN 46808, USA 6 * Corresponding author: orcid.org/0000-0001-6709-6770, [email protected] 7 Abstract 8 Dispersal in social parasites is constrained by the presence of suitable host populations, limiting 9 opportunities for rapid range expansion. For this reason, although hundreds of ant species have 10 expanded their ranges through human transport, few obligate social parasites have done so. We 11 test the hypothesis that social parasites expand their ranges more slowly than their hosts by 12 examining the spread of an introduced social parasite-host species pair in North America—the 13 workerless ant Tetramorium atratulum and the pavement ant T. immigrans. In doing so we 14 report a new range extension of T. atratulum in the interior US. Consistent with host limitation 15 on dispersal, we found a time lag ranging from several years to over a century between the 16 arrivals of the host and parasite to a new region. The estimated maximum rate of range 17 expansion in the parasite was only a third as fast as that of the host. We suggest that relative to 18 free-living social insects, social parasites may be less able to rapidly shift their ranges in 19 response to changes in habitat or climate.
    [Show full text]
  • Ants Inhabiting Oak Cynipid Galls in Hungary
    North-Western Journal of Zoology 2020, vol.16 (1) - Correspondence: Notes 95 Ants inhabiting oak Cynipid galls in Hungary Oaks are known to harbour extremely rich insect communi- ties, among them more than 100 species of gall wasps (Hy- menoptera: Cynipidae) in Europe (Csóka et al. 2005, Melika 2006). Some gall wasp species are able to induce large and structurally complex galls that can sometimes be abundant on oaks, providing attractive shelters for several arthropod taxa including ant species. Ants are among the most important players in many ecosystems and they are also considered to act as ecosystem engineers (Folgarait, 1998). They are also famous for having ecological or physical interactions with a great variety of other organisms, such as gall wasps. Ants are known to tend Figure 1. Inner structure of the asexual Andricus quercustozae gall in- aphid colonies on the developing galls and, as general pred- habited by ants. ators, they prey on arthropods approaching the protected aphid colonies. Some oak cynipid galls secrete honeydew on their surface. This sweet substrate attracts ants and, in re- turn, the ants protect the galls from predators and parasi- toids (Abe, 1988, 1992; Inouye & Agrawal 2004; Nicholls, 2017). Beyond this obvious ecological interaction between gall wasps and ants, this association continues after the gall wasp’s life cycle has ceased. Certain galls are known to serve as either temporary or permanent shelter for many ant species. Some galls (e.g. An- dricus hungaricus (Hartig), Andricus quercustozae (Bosc), Aphelonyx cerricola (Giraud)) are large enough even for re- productive ant colonies. The advantages of galls as nesting logs are multifaceted.
    [Show full text]
  • Pavement Ants (Tetramorium Immigrans Santschi) Ryan S
    Published by Utah State University Extension and Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory ENT-219-20 June 2020 Pavement Ants (Tetramorium immigrans Santschi) Ryan S. Davis, Arthropod Diagnostician • Lori Spears, Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey Coordinator • Austin Taylor, Entomology Assistant Quick Facts • Pavement ants are the most common pest ant in and around structures in Utah. • Worker pavement ants are all the same size and have only one queen. • Pavement ants feed on many foods, but prefer sweet and greasy foods. • Occasionally, pavement ants will injure plants. • Indoor problems with pavement ants are worst in spring and early summer. • Indoors, manage pavement ants using baits coupled with habitat modification, cleaning, Fig. 1. (left) Swarm of pavement ant workers in spring (Ryan proper food storage, and exclusion. Davis, Utah State University). Fig. 2. (right) Two workers fighting • Outside, use habitat modification, exclusion, (Ryan Davis, Utah State University). bait, and residual/nonresidual insecticides to manage pavement ants. or structure. They are attracted indoors by food, garbage and moisture, or swarm indoors when they nest in or near foundation cracks or voids. Pavement ants can also be abundant in gardens, and occasionally injure plants. They INTRODUCTION are found throughout the U.S. from the West Coast to the Pavement ants (Formicidae, Tetramorium immigrans) are Northeast. northern Utah’s most common pest ant in and around homes and structures. Until recently, the pavement IDENTIFICATION ant’s scientific name was Tetramorium caespitum, but recent genetic work has clarified that our common pest Pavement ants are most commonly recognized by their Tetramorium species in the U.S. is from Europe and has habit of gathering in large groups near cracks in the been given the name T.
    [Show full text]
  • Radiation in Socially Parasitic Formicoxenine Ants
    RADIATION IN SOCIALLY PARASITIC FORMICOXENINE ANTS DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DES DOKTORGRADES DER NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN (D R. R ER . N AT .) DER NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHEN FAKULTÄT III – BIOLOGIE UND VORKLINISCHE MEDIZIN DER UNIVERSITÄT REGENSBURG vorgelegt von Jeanette Beibl aus Landshut 04/2007 General Introduction II Promotionsgesuch eingereicht am: 19.04.2007 Die Arbeit wurde angeleitet von: Prof. Dr. J. Heinze Prüfungsausschuss: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. S. Schneuwly 1. Prüfer: Prof. Dr. J. Heinze 2. Prüfer: Prof. Dr. S. Foitzik 3. Prüfer: Prof. Dr. P. Poschlod General Introduction I TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1: Six origins of slavery in formicoxenine ants 13 Introduction 15 Material and Methods 17 Results 20 Discussion 23 CHAPTER 2: Phylogeny and phylogeography of the Mediterranean species of the parasitic ant genus Chalepoxenus and its Temnothorax hosts 27 Introduction 29 Material and Methods 31 Results 36 Discussion 43 CHAPTER 3: Phylogenetic analyses of the parasitic ant genus Myrmoxenus 46 Introduction 48 Material and Methods 50 Results 54 Discussion 59 CHAPTER 4: Cuticular profiles and mating preference in a slave-making ant 61 Introduction 63 Material and Methods 65 Results 69 Discussion 75 CHAPTER 5: Influence of the slaves on the cuticular profile of the slave-making ant Chalepoxenus muellerianus and vice versa 78 Introduction 80 Material and Methods 82 Results 86 Discussion 89 GENERAL DISCUSSION 91 SUMMARY 99 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 101 REFERENCES 103 APPENDIX 119 DANKSAGUNG 120 General Introduction 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION Parasitism is an extremely successful mode of life and is considered to be one of the most potent forces in evolution. As many degrees of symbiosis, a phenomenon in which two unrelated organisms coexist over a prolonged period of time while depending on each other, occur, it is not easy to unequivocally define parasitism (Cheng, 1991).
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Organization of the Ground Foraging Ant Faunas of Forest, Grassland and Tree Crops in Papua New Guinea
    - - -- Aust. J. Zool., 1975, 23, 71-89 Diversity and Organization of the Ground Foraging Ant Faunas of Forest, Grassland and Tree Crops in Papua New Guinea P. M. Room Department of Agriculture, Stock and Fisheries, Papua New Guinea; present address: Cotton Research Unit, CSIRO, P.M.B. Myallvale Mail Run, Narrabri, N.S.W. 2390. Abstract Thirty samples of ants were taken in each of seven habitats: primary forest, rubber plantation, coffee plantation, oilpalm plantation, kunai grassland, eucalypt savannah and urban grassland. Sixty samples were taken in cocoa plantations. A total of 156 species was taken, and the frequency of occurrence of each in each habitat is given. Eight stenoecious species are suggested as habitat indicators. Habitats fell into a series according to the similarity of their ant faunas: forest, rubber and coffee, cocoa and oilpalm, kunai and savannah, urban. This series represents an artificial, discontinuous succession from a complex stable ecosystem to a simple unstable one. Availability of species suitably preadapted to occupy habitats did not appear to limit species richness. Habitat heterogeneity and stability as affected by human interference did seem to account for inter-habitat variability in species richness. Species diversity was compared between habitats using four indices: Fisher et al.; Margalef; Shannon; Brillouin. Correlation of diversity index with habitat hetero- geneity plus stability was good for the first two, moderate for Shannon, and poor for Brillouin. Greatest diversity was found in rubber, the penultimate in the series of habitats according to hetero- geneity plus stability ('maturity'). Equitability exceeded the presumed maximum in rubber, and was close to the maximum in all habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • The Coexistence
    Myrmecologische Nachrichten 8 181 - 191 Wien, September 2006 Tetramorium pacificum MAYR, 1870, T. scabrum MAYR, 1879 sp.rev., T. manobo (CALILUNG, 2000) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) – three good species Birgit C. SCHLICK-STEINER, Florian M. STEINER & Herbert ZETTEL Abstract By combining morphological and molecular analyses we scrutinize the taxonomic status of selected ant species of the Tetramorium bicarinatum (NYLANDER, 1846) species group. We confirm Apomyrmex manobo CALILUNG, 2000 as a member of the genus Tetramorium, and evaluate whether T. manobo and T. scabrum MAYR, 1879, which currently is a junior synonym of T. pacificum MAYR, 1870, are specifically distinct from T. pacificum. Morphometry shows clear differences between workers of the three ants. Sequence comparison of 700 bp of the mitochondrial COI gene confirms that they constitute separate species, embedded in the T. bicarinatum species group. Thus, we confirm T. manobo as a valid species and revive T. scabrum sp.rev. from synonymy. Pronounced morphological variation between T. scabrum populations indicates the possible existence of more than one species. We discuss our findings in terms of plesiomorphy and / or convergent evolution of worker morphology. Tetramorium manobo appears to be a Philippine endemic restricted to the subregion "Greater Mindanao", where it inhabits forest habitats. In contrast, on the Philippines T. pacificum is found only in disturbed habitats. Additionally, we review the ants of the T. bicarinatum group currently known from the Philippines and add the first record of T. obtusidens VIEHMEYER, 1916. Key words: Tetramorium bicarinatum group, Tetramorium pacificum, Tetramorium scabrum, Tetramorium manobo, Tetramorium obtusidens, Oriental region, Indo-Australian region, morphometry, mitochondrial DNA, taxonomy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Organization of Societal Conflicts by Pavement Ants Tetramorium
    Current Zoology, 2016, 62(3), 277–284 doi: 10.1093/cz/zow041 Advance Access Publication Date: 4 April 2016 Article Article The organization of societal conflicts by pavement ants Tetramorium caespitum: an agent-based model of amine-mediated Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/cz/article-abstract/62/3/277/2897747 by guest on 08 December 2019 decision making a a,b a Kevin M. HOOVER , Andrew N. BUBAK , Isaac J. LAW , c c a Jazmine D. W. YAEGER , Kenneth J. RENNER , John G. SWALLOW , and a,* Michael J. GREENE aDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA, bNeuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, and cDepartment of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA *Address correspondence to Michael J. Greene. E-mail: [email protected]. Received on 27 December 2015; accepted on 2 March 2016 Abstract Ant colonies self-organize to solve complex problems despite the simplicity of an individual ant’s brain. Pavement ant Tetramorium caespitum colonies must solve the problem of defending the ter- ritory that they patrol in search of energetically rich forage. When members of 2 colonies randomly interact at the territory boundary a decision to fight occurs when: 1) there is a mismatch in nest- mate recognition cues and 2) each ant has a recent history of high interaction rates with nestmate ants. Instead of fighting, some ants will decide to recruit more workers from the nest to the fighting location, and in this way a positive feedback mediates the development of colony wide wars.
    [Show full text]
  • Tetramorium Immigrans Santschi, 1927 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Nowy Gatunek Potencjalnie Inwazyjnej Mrówki W Polsce
    Acta entomologica silesiana Vol. 26: (online 002): 1–5 ISSN 1230-7777, ISSN 2353-1703 (online) Bytom, February 8, 2018 Tetramorium immigrans SANTSCHI, 1927 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) nowy gatunek potencjalnie inwazyjnej mrówki w Polsce http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1169156 LECH BOROWIEC1, SEBASTIAN SALATA2 1, 2 Katedra Bioróżnorodności i Taksonomii Ewolucyjnej, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Przybyszewskiego 65, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland e-mail: 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected] ABSTRACT. Tetramorium immigrans SANTSCHI, 1927 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) a new species of potentially invasive ant in fauna of Poland. Occurrence of Tetramorium immigrans SANTSCHI, 1927 in Poland is discussed. This potentially invasive ant is known only from urban area of Wrocław city (SW Poland, Lower Silesia) where is very common in anthropogenic, denuded of plants areas, like pavements, concrete car parks or dried artificial hills with rare vegetation and pebbly ground. Localities in Wrocław are northernmost in Europe for this species. KEY WORDS: faunistics, invasive ant, Lower Silesia. WSTĘP Mrówki (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) są grupą owadów często przenoszonych przez człowieka i łatwo adoptujących się do odmiennych środowisk. Stąd duża liczba gatunków zawleczonych i inwazyjnych, zwłaszcza w rejonach ciepłych, subtropikalnych i tropikalnych. Część z tych gatunków w krajach o borealnym klimacie utrzymuje się tylko w magazynach, szklarniach lub ciepłych pomieszczeniach w ogrodach zoologicznych. W faunie Polski notowano do tej pory 7 gatunków zawleczonych, z których 4 mają stale utrzymujące się populacje: Hypoponera ergatandria (FOREL, 1893), Lasius neglectus (VAN LOON, BOOMSMA et ANDRASFAlvY, 1990), Monomorium pharaonis (LINNAEUS, 1758) i Tetramorium insolens (SMITH, 1861). Tylko Lasius neglectus jest notowany spoza zamkniętych pomieszczeń, z kolonii występujących w środowisku miejskim Warszawy (CZECHOWSKI et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ant Genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Malagasy Region—Introduction, Definition of Species Groups, and Revision of the T
    Zootaxa 3039: 1–72 (2011) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2011 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) ZOOTAXA 3039 The ant genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Malagasy region—introduction, definition of species groups, and revision of the T. bicarinatum, T. obesum, T. sericeiventre and T. tosii species groups FRANCISCO HITA GARCIA1 & BRIAN L. FISHER2 Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San, Francisco, CA 94118, U.S.A. 1 [email protected] (corresponding author) 2 [email protected] Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by J. Longino: 7 Jun. 2011; published: 22 Sep. 2011 FRANCISCO HITA GARCIA & BRIAN L. FISHER The ant genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Malagasy region—introduction, definition of species groups, and revision of the T. bicarinatum, T. obesum, T. sericeiventre and T. tosii species groups (Zootaxa 3039) 72 pp.; 30 cm. 22 Sep. 2011 ISBN 978-1-86977-767-8 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-86977-768-5 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2011 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2011 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use.
    [Show full text]
  • Producer Grant Program
    Farmer Rancher Grant Program Final Report Form PROJECT IDENTIFICATION Name: Steve Tennes Address: 4648 Otto Road City, State, Zip Code: Charlotte, MI 48813 Phone: 571-543-1019 Project Title: Integrating Bats into Organic Pest Management Project Number: FNC09-755 Project Duration: two years Date of Report: 2013 PROJECT BACKGROUND Country Mill Farms is a 120-acre, fruit and vegetable farm with a farm market that offers “family fun on the farm.” Apple and pumpkins are the major cash crops. We also grow peaches, farm products directly to the consumer. Over the last three years we have made a major effort to make our farm sustainable and energy independent. We now use our apple prunings along with pressed canola seeds (canola cake) to heat our farm market. For the past two years, half of our orchard has been certified organic. We have several experiments going on in the orchard in order to reduce off farm inputs. One example is the use of legumes like white and red clover planted in the tree rows to fix nitrogen that is then incorporated beneath the apple trees. This practice now provides 100 percent of the fertility needs of our trees. We do have an organic orchard that has no synthetic pesticides being used since 2005. This orchard uses insect traps as a primary form of control for Plum Curculio. Furthermore pheromone mating disruption is the primary form of control for codling and oriental fruit moths since 2006. Finally, we have established native flowering plants to increase native pollinators and beneficial insects since 2008. PROJECT DESCRIPTION GOALS: a) Determine whether the addition of bat houses (artificial habitat) to apple orchards increases bat activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Habitat and Species Identity, Not Diversity, Predict the Extent of Refuse Consumption by Urban Arthropods
    Global Change Biology Global Change Biology (2015) 21, 1103–1115, doi: 10.1111/gcb.12791 Habitat and species identity, not diversity, predict the extent of refuse consumption by urban arthropods ELSA YOUNGSTEADT1 , RYANNA C. HENDERSON1 *, AMY M. SAVAGE2 , ANDREW F. ERNST1 ,ROBERTR.DUNN2 and STEVEN D. FRANK 1 1Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613, USA, 2Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617, USA Abstract Urban green spaces provide ecosystem services to city residents, but their management is hindered by a poor under- standing of their ecology. We examined a novel ecosystem service relevant to urban public health and esthetics: the consumption of littered food waste by arthropods. Theory and data from natural systems suggest that the magnitude and resilience of this service should increase with biological diversity. We measured food removal by presenting known quantities of cookies, potato chips, and hot dogs in street medians (24 sites) and parks (21 sites) in New York City, USA. At the same sites, we assessed ground-arthropod diversity and abiotic conditions, including history of flooding during Hurricane Sandy 7 months prior to the study. Arthropod diversity was greater in parks (on average 11 hexapod families and 4.7 ant species per site), than in medians (nine hexapod families and 2.7 ant species per site). However, counter to our diversity-based prediction, arthropods in medians removed 2–3 times more food per day than did those in parks. We detected no effect of flooding (at 19 sites) on this service. Instead, greater food removal was associated with the presence of the introduced pavement ant (Tetramorium sp.
    [Show full text]