DOCSLIB.ORG

SADC Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan 2020-2030

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

SADC Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP) 2020–2030 October 2020 COMOROS Moroni SADC Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP) 2020–2030 Southern African Development Community (SADC) Secretariat Plot 54385 CBD Square Private Bag 0095 Gaborone, Botswana Tel: +267 395 1863 Email: [email protected] Website: www.sadc.int ©SADC 2020 ISBN 978-99968-464-2-7 Information in this publication may be reproduced, used and shared with full acknowledgement of the publisher, SADC Secretariat. Citation: Southern African Development Community (SADC) Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP) 2020–2030, Gaborone, Botswana, 2020. About SADC The Southern African Development Community (SADC) is an organisation founded and maintained by countries in Southern Africa that aims to further socio-economic, political, and security cooperation among its Member States and foster regional integration in order to achieve peace, stability, and wealth. The Member States are Angola, Botswana, the Union of Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eswatini, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 LIST OF FIGURES 5 LIST OF TABLES 6 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 7 FOREWORD - PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOZAMBIQUE AND CHAIRPERSON OF SADC 8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - SADC EXECUTIVE SECRETARY 9 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 12 INTRODUCTION 15 CHAPTER 1: SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS AND MEGATRENDS 1.1 Global Context 1.2 Continental Context 1.3 SADC Socio-Economic Context 28 CHAPTER 2: PROGRESS AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE REVISED RISDP 2015-2020 2.1 Industrial Development and Market Integration 2.2 Infrastructure Development 2.3 Social and Human Capital Development 2.4 Cross-Cutting Issues 2.5 Peace and Security 39 CHAPTER 3: VISION, MISSION, AND PRINCIPLES 3.1 SADC Vision 2050 3.2 Mission 3.3 Principles 3.4 Theory of Change 3.5 RISDP Results Chain 47 CHAPTER 4: STRATEGIC PRIORITIES 4.1 The Foundation: Peace, Security, and Good Governance 4.2 Pillar 1: Industrial Development and Market Integration 4.3 Pillar 2: Infrastructure Development in Support of Regional Integration 4.4 Pillar 3: Social and Human Capital Development 4.5 Cross-Cutting Issues: Gender, Youth, Environment and Climate Change, and Disaster Risk Management 58 CHAPTER 5: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF THE RISDP 5.1 Legal, Policy, and Institutional Frameworks 5.2 Sustainable Funding Strategy 5.3 Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting 5.4 Communication, Visibility, and Awareness 61 ANNEX 3 | SADC RISDP 2020–2030 LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 1: WTO forecast: The greater trade collapse 2020 (2015 = 100) 16 Fig. 2: World wealth inequality trends 2000–2019 17 Fig. 3: Africa vs. world: GDP growth 20 Fig. 4: Share of extreme poor: 1990 vs. 2015 – “More than half of the world’s poor live in Africa” 22 Fig. 5: GDP growth rates (%) for SADC countries 24 Fig. 6: Spider diagram of Ease of Doing Business in SADC in 2019 24 Fig. 7: Changing temperature in cropping areas in 2015–2016, juxtaposed with a 15-year period 26 4 | SADC RISDP 2020–2030 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Results of impacts (declines), and estimated growth in 2020 20 Table 2: Main risks and opportunities associated with continental and global megatrends 22 Table 3: Key economic indicators for SADC 25 Table 4: Strategic objectives and outcomes of RISDP 2020–2030 44 5 | SADC RISDP 2020–2030 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 4IR Fourth Industrial Revolution PGR Plant genetic resources ADF Agricultural Development Fund PPP Public-private partnership AEC African Economic Community PSC Peace and Security Council (AU) AFCTA African Continental Free Trade Area PSEM Private Sector Engagement Mechanism AFDB African Development Bank R&D Research and development AFRICA CDC Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention RAP Regional Agricultural Policy AI Artificial intelligence RAIP Regional Agricultural Investment Plan AIDA Accelerated Industrial Development for Africa RCTG Regional Customs Transit Guarantee Regulations AMSS Automatic Message Switching System RDF Regional Development Fund AMV African Mining Vision REASAP Regional Energy Access and Strategic Action Plan ANGR Animal genetic resources REC Regional economic community APPSA Agricultural Productivity Programme for Southern Africa REEESAP Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Strategy and Action Plan APRM African Peer Review Mechanism RETOSA Regional Tourism Organisation of Southern Africa ARC African Risk Capacity REWC Regional Early Warning Centre AU African Union RISDP Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan AWS Automatic Weather Station RLD Regional Logistics Depot BIAT Boosting Intra-African Trade RMD-WEEP Regional Multidimensional Women’s Economic Empowerment Programme BUPUSA Buzi, Pungwe, and Save (tri-basin) Regional Mining Vision CAADP Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme RMV Regional Poverty Observatory CCAS Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (for the water sector) RPO Regional Strategic Action Plan for Integrated Water Resources CERT Computer Emergency Response Team RSAP Development and Management CIRT Computer Incident Response Team RTGS Real Time Gross Settlement (SADC system) CLISYS Climate Data Management and Processing System SADC Southern African Development Community COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019 SADCQF SADC Qualifications Framework CSC Climate Services Centre SARCIS-DR Southern African Regional Climate Information Services for CSTL Care and Support for Teaching and Learning Disaster Resilience Democratic Republic of the Congo DRC SAWIDRA Satellite and Weather Information for Disaster Resilience in Africa Digital Sound Broadcasting DSB SDG Sustainable Development Goal Digital terrestrial television DTT SEforAll Sustainable Energy Access for All Electronic Certificate of Origin E-COO SHOC SADC Humanitarian and Emergency Operations Centre Earth Observation EO SIPO Strategic Indicative Plan for the Organ on Defence, Politics, and EU European Union Security Cooperation EWS Early Warning System SIRESS SADC Integrated Regional Electronic Settlement System FNSS Food and Nutrition Security Strategy SISR SADC Industrialisation Strategy and Roadmap FTA Free Trade Area SMEs Small- and medium-sized enterprises GCF Green Climate Fund SPPS SADC Pooled Procurement Services system for pharmaceuticals and medical supplies GDP Gross domestic product Sanitary and phytosanitary GGWI Great Green Wall Initiative SPS SADC Regional Green Economy Strategy GMO Genetically modified organism SRGES Sexual and reproductive health rights HPC High-Performance Computing server SRHR SADC Regional Information Infrastructure ICP International cooperating partner SRII SADC Standby Force ICT Information and communications technology SSF Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics IDI ICT for Development Index STEM Science, technology, and innovation IMF International Monetary Fund STI Science, Technology, and Innovation Strategy for Africa IT Information technology STISA Science, Technology, and Innovation Strategy for Africa 2024 ITU International Telecommunication Union STISA-2024 Simplified Trade Regime Framework ISACIP Institutional Support to African Climate Institutions Project STR Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats IWRMD Integrated Water Resources Management and Development SWOT Tuberculosis LEAP Law Enforcement and Anti-Poaching Strategy TB Transfrontier Conservation Area M&E Monitoring and evaluation TFCA Tripartite Free Trade Area MCS Monitoring, Control, and Surveillance Centre TFTA Tripartite Programme on Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation MESA Monitoring for Environment and Security in Africa TPCCMA Technical and vocational education and training MSMEs Micro, small, and medium enterprises TVET Trade in Wildlife Information eXchange System NAIP National Agricultural Investment Plan TWIX United Nations NIXP National Internet Exchange Point UN United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation NMHS National Meteorological and Hydrological Service UNESCO United Nations Security Council Resolution NQF National Qualifications Framework UNSCR United States NSA Non-state actor U.S. World Health Organisation NSO National Statistics Office WHO Women in Science, Engineering, and Technology Organisation NTB Non-tariff barrier WISETO World Meteorological Organisation NVAC National Vulnerability Assessment Committee WMO World Trade Organisation ODA Official development assistance WTO Zambezi Watercourse Commission OSBP One-Stop Border Post ZAMCOM 6 | SADC RISDP 2020–2030 FOREWORD I am pleased to present SADC’s Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP) 2020-2030, which is an outcome of a comprehensive consultative process, and marks another milestone in our efforts to foster regional cooperation and integration. As SADC celebrates its 40th anniversary, we take stock of past achievements and challenges, and rededicate our efforts to the sustenance of peace and security, and towards the region’s socio-economic transformation. As we move forward, the region will be premised on SADC Vision 2050, which is to have by 2050, a peaceful, inclusive, competitive, middle- to high-income industrialised region, where all citizens enjoy sustainable economic well-being, justice, and freedom. Guided by this Vision, the RISDP 2020–2030 is a coherent and comprehensive framework for the implementation of SADC’s regional integration agenda for the next 10 years. It lays out, in an incremental manner, concrete steps and milestones to be achieved
Recommended publications
  • The Impact of Infrastructure Shocks on Agricultural Markets: Evidence from the Zambezi River in Mozambique

    The Impact of Infrastructure Shocks on Agricultural Markets: Evidence from the Zambezi River in Mozambique

    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Salazar-Espinoza, César; Jones, Sam Working Paper The impact of infrastructure shocks on agricultural markets: Evidence from the Zambezi river in Mozambique WIDER Working Paper, No. 2017/191 Provided in Cooperation with: United Nations University (UNU), World Institute for Development Economics Research (WIDER) Suggested Citation: Salazar-Espinoza, César; Jones, Sam (2017) : The impact of infrastructure shocks on agricultural markets: Evidence from the Zambezi river in Mozambique, WIDER Working Paper, No. 2017/191, ISBN 978-92-9256-417-9, The United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER), Helsinki, http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/UNU-WIDER/2017/417-9 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/190036 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte.
  • 4 Development Directions for Regional Infrastructure

    4 Development Directions for Regional Infrastructure

    Preparatory Survey for Southern Africa Integrated Transport Program Chapter 4 4 Development Directions for Regional Infrastructure 4.1 Infrastructure Bottlenecks under Growth Scenarios 4.1.1 Current Industrial Situation of the Corridors In parallel with the macro analysis undertaken in Chapter 2, summary information on development potential in the region (especially of mineral resources development accompanied by cross-border transport improvements and an overview of a Mega Project) are presented in this section. More details may be found in Appendix B. The results serve as input to Section 4.1.3 on Infrastructure Bottlenecks under the Growth Scenarios. The figure below visually summarizes the mineral and agricultural potential in the Southern African region. (The number of corridor in Figure 4.1.1 corresponds to this section’s paragraph number.) Figure 4.1.1 Mineral and Agricultural Resources and Corridors (1) Nacala Corridor Nacala is regarded as the best location for a deepwater port on the East African coast. The Nacala Corridor has consequently been at the forefront of ongoing initiatives to rehabilitate the rail link to Malawi, thereby creating a number of “anchor” tenants and promoting development 4-1 Preparatory Survey for Southern Africa Integrated Transport Program Chapter 4 along the corridor. Together with Beira and other corridors (Sena and Tete), these developments have been linked to the possible export of coal from the Moatize and Benga coal fields as well as from the Muchana Vuzi coal fields north of the Cahorra Bassa Dam in Tete Province, Mozambique. The corridor is ultimately seen as linking Lusaka in Zambia with the Port of Nacala.
  • WIDER Working Paper 2017/191 the Impact of Infrastructure Shocks On

    WIDER Working Paper 2017/191 the Impact of Infrastructure Shocks On

    WIDER Working Paper 2017/191 The impact of infrastructure shocks on agricultural markets Evidence from the Zambezi river in Mozambique César Salazar1 and Sam Jones2 November 2017 Abstract: Prior to 2009, there was no direct road connection between the southern regions of Mozambique—where the capital city is located—and the more agriculturally-productive central and northern regions. In this paper, we leverage the opening of a major road bridge to identify the impact of enhanced domestic transport infrastructure on agricultural market performance. We apply a generalized difference-in-difference estimator within a dyadic regression context. While we find no reduction in the market price differential around the time the bridge opened for all treated market pairs, there is a significant and persistent price impact only among previously disconnected markets located close to the new bridge. This suggests that new infrastructure can enhance market performance, but such benefits are spatially limited. Keywords: infrastructure, agricultural market performance, prices, natural experiment JEL classification: O13, Q13, R42, C99 1 Department of Economics and Finance, University of Bio-Bio, Chile; Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, corresponding author: [email protected]. This study has been prepared within the project on ‘Inclusive growth in Mozambique—scaling-up research and capacity’ implemented in collaboration between UNU-WIDER, University of Copenhagen, University Eduardo Mondlane, and the Mozambican Ministry of Economics and Finance. The project is financed through specific programme contributions by the governments of Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Switzerland. Copyright © UNU-WIDER 2017 Information and requests: [email protected] ISSN 1798-7237 ISBN 978-92-9256-417-9 Typescript prepared by Ans Vehmaanperä.
  • Transport Infrastructure in Central and Northern Mozambique: the Impact of Foreign Investment on National Development and Regional Integration

    Transport Infrastructure in Central and Northern Mozambique: the Impact of Foreign Investment on National Development and Regional Integration

    OCCASIONAL PAPER NO 175 Economic Diplomacy Programme February 2014 Transport Infrastructure in Central and Northern Mozambique: The Impact of Foreign Investment on National Development and Regional Integration Sören Scholvin & Johannes Plagemann s ir a f f A l a n o ti a rn e nt f I o te tu sti n In rica . th Af hts Sou sig al in Glob African perspectives. ABOUT SAIIA The South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) has a long and proud record as South Africa’s premier research institute on international issues. It is an independent, non-government think tank whose key strategic objectives are to make effective input into public policy, and to encourage wider and more informed debate on international affairs, with particular emphasis on African issues and concerns. It is both a centre for research excellence and a home for stimulating public engagement. SAIIA’s occasional papers present topical, incisive analyses, offering a variety of perspectives on key policy issues in Africa and beyond. Core public policy research themes covered by SAIIA include good governance and democracy; economic policymaking; international security and peace; and new global challenges such as food security, global governance reform and the environment. Please consult our website www.saiia.org.za for further information about SAIIA’s work. ABOUT THE ECONO MIC DIPLO MACY PROGRAMME SAIIA’s Economic Diplomacy (EDIP) Programme focuses on the position of Africa in the global economy, primarily at regional, but also at continental and multilateral levels. Trade and investment policies are critical for addressing the development challenges of Africa and achieving sustainable economic growth for the region.
  • Preparatory Survey for Southern Africa Integrated Regional Transport Program

    Preparatory Survey for Southern Africa Integrated Regional Transport Program

    No. Preparatory Survey for Southern Africa Integrated Regional Transport Program Final Report March 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY PADECO Co., Ltd. Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd. AFD JR 10-005 Preparatory Suvery for Southern Africa Integrated Regional Transport Program Final Report March 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY PADECO Co., Ltd. Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd. Preface The Fourth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD IV) held in May 2008 emphasizes the importance of regional infrastructural development for the acceleration of economic growth in Africa. Furthermore, the African Union (AU) and the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) have highlighted the need for regional transport development to facilitate the intra-regional trade and poverty reduction. From such perspectives, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) has conducted a study for formulating desirable regional transport programs in the Southern African region, which has the highest cross-border traffic in Africa and significant potential for further economic growth due to its abundant mineral resource deposits. This study proposes regional transport programs in the Southern African region based on three field visits conducted during September 2009 and March 2010 We sincerely hope that this report will contribute to further development in relevant sectors in the Southern African region and would like to express our sincere gratitude and appreciation to the individuals
  • 3. Medium/Long-Term Port Development Plan (Target Year: 2030)

    3. Medium/Long-Term Port Development Plan (Target Year: 2030)

    CHAPTER 3 The Preparatory Survey on Nacala Port Development Project in the Republic of Mozambique 3. Medium/long-term Port Development Plan (Target Year: 2030) 3.1. Development potential of Nacala Corridor and Nacala Port In this section, the development potential of Nacala Port and Nacala Corridor is analyzed. 3.1.1 Development targets The Port and the Corridor are expected to play an important role in realizing the following two important targets for the development of the regional socio-economy: (1) Industrial development of northern Mozambique Northern region of Mozambique, which consists of three provinces, i.e. Nampula, Cabo Delgado, and Niassa, is less developed compared to the southern and the central regions; while 33.5 % of the country’s population is found in the northern region, the GDP share of this region accounts for only 12.8%. Therefore, it has been a priority policy of the Government to eradicate poverty by promoting industries in this region. The major industry in northern Mozambique is agriculture in which potential is high due to the rich and fertile land of the region. However, commercialized agriculture has not been developed and the productivity of the agricultural sector is very low, which is the principal reason for the low economic performance of the region. The Government has been making efforts to develop the agricultural sector in the region, and international development partners including Japan have been proactively providing technical and financial aid to promote agricultural production. The Port and the Corridor are expected to guarantee efficient and reliable access to the world market, and to improve the competitiveness of the agricultural sector in northern Mozambique.
  • Mozambique Tete

    Mozambique Tete

    Mozambique Tete Tete, the capital of Tete Province, is located between the 16° and 17° parallels of latitude south and the 33° and 64° meridians of longitude east. The city is situated on the banks of the Zambezi River, on a plateau 500 metres above sea level. The Rovubue and Mepumo rivers in the east and Kwiro River in the southeast form natural borders. The city is known for its hot climate and goat-keeping, and has potential for both farming and mining development. The Samora Machel bridge and Base Kassuende bridge allow vehicle passage across the Zambezi River, which in turn allows the movement of people and goods to Zambia. Municipal solid waste management services are managed by the Basic Sanitation, Environment and Transport Branch of the Municipal Council of Tete. Information Population 305,722 (2017, preliminary census data) Population growth (annual %) 7.0 (2007-2017, census) Area (km2) 314 Climate Dry topical and mountain climate Main industries Food, beverages, mining products, cement, glass, tobacco Currency* USD 1: MZN 62.09 (Mozambican metical) (February 2019) The city is known among locals as Nyungwe or PakaNyungwe, the ancient Mambo (Regulo) name Other for the Matundo lands. Source: * Oanda.com Current SWM Situation Item Outline Institutional System Legal system Laws or regulations related to municipal solid waste management: The Stance of the Municipal Council of Tete City 2009 describes the fundamentals and norms on solid waste. Policy/Plan No specific policy or plan is in place for solid waste management in the city. Implementation The Basic Sanitation, Environment and Transport Branch is responsible for municipal solid waste management system in the city (street sweeping, collection, transport, operation of the final disposal facilities, and environmental education) and the drafting of municipal waste management plans.
  • The Africa Solid Waste Management Data Book 2019

    The Africa Solid Waste Management Data Book 2019

    AFRICA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT DATA BOOK 2019 AFRICA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT DATA BOOK 2019 CONTENTS Preface I Acknowledgement II List of Abbreviations III 1 About this Data Book 1-1 1.1 Purpose 1-1 1.2 Structure 1-1 1.3 Information Sources 1-1 1.4 ACCP Member Countries and Cities 1-2 2 Waste Issues in Africa 2-1 2.1 Waste Issues in Africa: Background 2-1 2.2 Waste Issues in Africa 2-2 2.2.1 Current Issues of Concerns 2-2 2.2.2 Future Issues of Concern 2-4 3 Current State of Solid Waste Management in Africa 3-1 3.1 Waste Generation and Composition 3-1 3.1.1 Data on Waste Generation Amount and Composition 3-1 3.1.2 Waste Generation Amount in Africa 3-3 3.1.3 Waste Composition in Africa 3-5 3.2 Solid Waste Management Systems 3-6 3.2.1 Self-Disposal at the Source and Discharge 3-6 3.2.2 Collection and Transport 3-7 3.2.3 Intermediate Treatment 3-11 3.2.4 Final Disposal 3-12 3.2.5 Hazardous Waste Management 3-14 3.3 Solid Waste Management Legislation and Governance 3-15 3.4 Organisations and Personnel Implementing Solid Waste Management 3-20 3.5 Financial Management of Solid Waste Management 3-22 3.6 Public-Private Partnership 3-43 3.7 Cooperation and Communication with the Informal Sector and Residents 3-24 3.8 Improvements Needed 3-28 3.8.1 Countries and Central Governments 3-28 3.8.2 Cities and Local Governments 3-35 4 Towards Improving Solid Waste Management in Africa and the Roles of the ACCP 4-1 4.1 Solid Waste Management Issues in Africa 4-1 4.2 Roles and Direction of Activities of ACCP 4-11 4.2.1 Network Strengthening Toward More Open
  • Tete Mozambique

    Tete Mozambique

    Rosanne Vlaar 2017 Wageningen University MSc Thesis Landscape Architecture WATERTowards sustainable protection FOR and development LIFE of the Nhartanda valley in Tete, Mozambique WATER FOR LIFE Rosanne Vlaar 2017 Wageningen University MSc Thesis Landscape Architecture WATERTowards sustainable protection FOR and development LIFE of the Nhartanda valley in Tete, Mozambique Colophon © Wageningen University, 2017 Rosanne Vlaar [email protected] All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of either the author or Wageningen university LAR Chairgroup. This publication is written as final master thesis report landscape architecture by order of the Chairgroup landscape architecture at Wageningen University. Chairgroup landscape architecture Phone: +31 317 484 056 Fax: +31 317 482 166 E-mail: [email protected] www.lar.wur.nl Post address Postbus 47 6700 AA, Wageningen The Netherlands Visiting address Gaia (building no. 101) Droevendaalsesteeg 3 6708 BP, Wageningen supported by in collaboration with In fulfilment of the requirements for Master of Science degree in Landscape Architecture at the Wageningen University, Landscape Architecture Group. Author: Rosanne Vlaar Student MSc Landscape Architecture Wageningen University signature date Supervisor: Dr. Ir. Ingrid Duchhart Wageningen University signature date External supervisor: Dr. Ir. Pieter W. Germeraad Landscape architect signature date Reviewer: Dr. Ir. Rudi van Etteger Wageningen University signature date Examiner: Prof. Dr. Ir. Adri van den Brink Wageningen University signature date PREFACE This thesis represents a journey of almost 1 year. I was lucky enough to be given the opportunity, by Ingrid Duchhart and especially Germain Bakker at ARA-Zambeze to travel to Mozambique for my thesis, as part of the MSc program of Landscape Architecture at Wageningen University.