Airspace-Modernization.Pdf

NextGen Overview with Focus on Data Link

Rockwell Collins Operators Conference Presented by Christian Renneissen

. Future Air Navigation System . Mandates and Requirements FANS 1/A+ . PBCS . ICAO GOLD Document . FANS CPDLC DCL . Components of FANS 1/A+ . U.S. Enroute CPDLC . Logon and Handoff Process . ARINCDirect Support . Coverage Maps . ARINCDirect FANS Testing

2 | © 2017 Rockwell Collins. All rights reserved. Proprietary Information. The Idea of Data Link The third step… 1. Visual – Beacons and Signage 2. Aural – Voice 3. Data-to-Text – A method communicating with an aircraft, while limiting voice radio traffic

. FANS 1/A is the suite of software upgrades that implement CPDLC, ADS- C, AFN and AOC communications over ACARS protocols. FANS 1 was originally developed by Boeing, while FANS A was developed by Airbus. The two systems are functionally identical so standardization efforts changed the naming convention to FANS 1/A. . FANS 1/A+ added the message latency timer function

. Three components: 1. Air Traffic Facilities Notification (AFN) – aircraft logon to ATC Center 2. Controller Pilot Data Link Communication (CPDLC) – data link messaging for communications between air traffic controllers and crews 3. Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Contract (ADS-C) –contract based position reporting . Via data link over VHF (VDL Mode A or VDL Mode 2) or SAT (Inmarsat or Iridium)

5 | © 2017 Rockwell Collins. All rights reserved. Proprietary Information. GOLD Document Global Operational Data Link Document • ICAO's GOLD Document is a worldwide, collaborative effort to standardize Data Link procedures. It is the result of the progressive evolution of two documents: • The FANS 1/A Operations Manual, prepared initially by the informal South Pacific Air Traffic Services Coordinating Group (ISPACG); and • The Guidance Material for ATS Data Link Services in North Atlantic Airspace, produced by the North Atlantic FANS Implementation Group (NAT FIG), on behalf of the North Atlantic Systems Planning Group (NAT SPG) • Current: Second Edition dated 26 April 2013 • Next edition was planned for November 2016

. CPDLC is a means of communication between controller and pilot, using text messaging via data link for Air Traffic Control (ATC) communication. The CPDLC application has three primary functions: . the exchange of controller/pilot messages with the controlling ATC authority . the transfer of ATC authority over that aircraft and downstream clearance delivery . or the opportunity of adjacent ATC centers to view the aircraft reports . Pre-defined message set, with free text if required . Replaces verbal ATC instructions and crew requests over radio frequencies reducing frequency congestion . Communication via data link significantly reduces receive and read back errors

. ADS-C is a contract between a ground ATC system and the aircraft using various systems on board the aircraft to automatically provide aircraft position, altitude, speed, intent, and meteorological data . ATC establishes the reporting period and information requested in the ADS-C Contract and up to 5 ATC Centers can monitor the aircraft simultaneously . Avionics report contracts as established by ATC with no intervention from the flight crew . Replaces position reports by HF radio reducing frequency congestion . Types of ADS-C reports: Periodic, Demand, Event and Emergency

. Increased “head down time” for flight crew. . Flight deck Human Machine Interface limitations and issues. . Time required for reading/interpreting uplinks. . Time required for selecting/composing/sending downlinks . Maintaining a shared crew awareness of the progress of ATC data link communications. . Situational awareness and the inability of pilots to monitor other data link transmissions in the area of operations.

. Phase 2A . As of Feb 2015 FL 350-390 on all North Atlantic (NAT) Tracks . Phase 2B - Current . Dec 2017 FL 350-390 within NAT Data Link Mandate (DLM) Region . Phase 2C . January 2020 - Above FL 290 within NAT Data Link Mandate (DLM) Region

. Blue outline: NAT DLM Region . Pink areas: not included in NAT DLM. ATS Surveillance Airspace (via land-based RADAR or ADS-B)

. Equipment Requirements: . VHF Data Link (VDL Mode A or VDL Mode 2) . HF Data Link (HFDL) or; . SAT Data Link (Inmarsat, Iridium, or MTSAT) . FAA approved FANS CPDLC training . Letter of Authorization for US based operators conducting FANS 1/A operations outside of the United States . ICAO Flight Plan filing with required equipment codes and information

FANS Indicate Letter of File ICAO Flight CPDLC/ADS-C equipage in Authorization Plan capable Fields 10 & 18

• Item 10a of the ICAO Flight • Item 10b of the ICAO Flight Plan: Plan: •"J2" for FANS CPDLC HFDL •“D1“ ADS-C with FANS •"J3" for FANS CPDLC VDL Mode A •"J4" for FANS CPDLC VDL Mode 2 Capabilities •"J5" for FANS CPDLC SATCOM (Inmarsat) • Indicate tail number in Field •"J6" for FANS CPDLC SATCOM (MTSAT) •"J7" for FANS CPDLC SATCOM (Iridium) 18 (Other Information) REG/

16 | © 2017 Rockwell Collins. All rights reserved. Proprietary Information. Let’s talk paperwork Performance Based Communication and Surveillance . AC 90-117 Data Link Communications for U.S. Operators (LOA) . PBCS assures CPDLC and ADS-C perform to desired ATM levels. . PBN complements but is not PBCS : – PBN: deals with RNP/RNAV criteria allocated to aircraft/operator – PBCS: deals with RCP/RSP criteria allocated to ATS/CSP/aircraft/operator . By 29 March 2018 U.S. Operators must submit a new A056 – Indicate whether or not PBCS is desired to be used – Indicate performance level (e.g. RCP240/RSP180) – Otherwise seize data link ops

• Required Communication Performance (RCP): The RCP Transaction Time defines the maximum time required for the completion of the transaction after which the initiator should revert to an alternative procedure. • Required Surveillance Performance (RSP): The RSP Surveillance Data Transit Time describes the time required for delivery of surveillance data in seconds.

. Required as per Chapter 6 of AC 90-117 . Review the PBCS monitoring results for your aircraft at https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/separation_standards/PBCS_Monitoring/ . Results indicating failure . Follow directions to remedy . Insufficient Performance Data . Initial compliance can be based on Statement of Compliance (SOC), obtained from your OEM, and proof of any monitoring.

. PBCS Approval not required to merely enter airspace . PBCS Approval and PBN required to partake in PBCS separation . RlatSM (23NM lateral) in OTS are designated as PBCS Tracks . Review item 3 in OTS message for use of RlatSM

. By 29 Mar 2018 PBCS must be indicated to partake in PBCS operations . P1 (RCP400) corresponding entry in Field 18: SUR/RSP400 . P2 (RCP240) corresponding entry in Field 18: SUR/RSP180 . P3 (RCP400) – SATVOICE not planned for use in near term

22 | © 2017 Rockwell Collins. All rights reserved. Proprietary Information. Alternate Means of Compliance as per AC 90-117 #4.5 Rockwell Collins ARINC is signatory to the PBCS Charter . N 8900.446 adds to the requirements for your OpSpec and LOA A056: . Operator to prove CSP meets FAA Requirements . AC 90-117 §4.5 offers Alternate Means of Compliance: Global PBCS Charter . Rockwell Collins/ARINC is signatory as your CSP

. FANS Logon to DCL Capable Tower via VDL Mode A or VDL Mode 2 . No LOA required for US registered aircraft . Flight Plan Field 10a and Field 18 entries required . DCL does not replace PDC

24 | © 2017 Rockwell Collins. All rights reserved. Proprietary Information. 56 online since 2016 U.S. FANS DCL Airports . A global first . The first step to domestic Data Link . All FANS equipped operators may use . FANS DCL is not ARINC 623 DCL

25 | © 2017 Rockwell Collins. All rights reserved. Proprietary Information. Data Link Departure Clearance Domestic use of FANS DCL . Departure Clearance Service (DCL) provides automated clearance delivery for initial and revised departure clearances . CPDLC message elements for the following: . Flight plan route . Initial and requested altitude . Beacon code assignment and . Departure frequency

Indicate Must use VDL as File ICAO Flight equipage in media for FANS Plan Fields 10a & 18

. Depending on your equipage item 10a of the ICAO Flight Plan may indicate: . “J3” for FANS CPDLC VDL Mode A and, or . “J4” for FANS CPDLC VDL Mode 2 . The FAA does not recognize SAT Data Link as media for FANS DCL . Indicate DCL and PDC preferences in Field 18 DAT/ . E.g. “DAT/1FANS2PDC” or “DAT/1FANSP2PDC” . Alternatively indicate DCL and PDC preferences via the FAA’s Subscriber Database

28 | © 2017 Rockwell Collins. All rights reserved. Proprietary Information. New ident due to NSDA Logon to “KUSA” . Up to 90 mins prior filed ETD . Logon “Accepted” = AFN_AK . No additional action required

29 | © 2017 Rockwell Collins. All rights reserved. Proprietary Information. CPDLC is Active ATC Comm Established . 30 mins prior filed ETD . Clearance Delivery approves FPL . Behind the scenes exchange: . ATC sends “CR1” . Aircraft responds “CC1” . CPDLC is now active

32 | © 2017 Rockwell Collins. All rights reserved. Proprietary Information. . No 60 sec timer on the ground . DCL comes w/ loadable route . May receive a revision during taxi . Auto-logoff after departure

33 | © 2017 Rockwell Collins. All rights reserved. Proprietary Information. Any CPDLC Failure Logon Failure . Revert to voice . Controller receives an error message . 2nd preference “PDC” only works if DCL is inop at the ATC level.

. Transition from individual Logons to National Single Data Authority (NSDA) supporting enroute CPDLC . A single FANS Logon designed to carry through the enroute phase . Enroute CPDLC rollout later in 2018 . Future integration with foreign partners

. Only VDL Mode 2 equipped operators (“J4” in Field 10a) . Indicate Enroute FANS in Field 18 using “DAT/FANSE” . Other possible entries:

36 | © 2017 Rockwell Collins. All rights reserved. Proprietary Information. Where is Domestic CPDLC? Resources . Limited Data Comm Functional Verification (DFV) between May and September . KZKC (Kansas City) . KZME (Memphis) . KZID (Indianapolis) . Work with your Service Provider for continued updates.

37 | © 2017 Rockwell Collins. All rights reserved. Proprietary Information. Resources Scenarios . DCL Departure from within Enroute CPDLC enabled airspace . DCL Departure from outside of Enroute CPDLC enabled airspace . Non-DCL Departure from within Enroute CPDLC enabled airspace . Non-DCL Departure from outside of Enroute CPDLC enabled airspace

38 | © 2017 Rockwell Collins. All rights reserved. Proprietary Information. ARINCDirect supports FANS CPDLC, ADS-C and DCL . FANS Testing for ARINCDirect customers is Free of Charge . FANS Testing is done over the live network via VHF or Satellite data link so data link issues can also be identified . Customers can test for new installations, training purposes, refresher before trips and for troubleshooting any FANS issues . Two types of testing: Manual and Automated . Access to and transcripts of messaging logs . FANS Training and LOA Assistance

Common for ADS-B: Pos: GNSS based XPDR: Modes A+C Ident: 4 digit + flight ID Ident: 24bit unique ID ADS-B ADS-B DO-260B DO-260A ADS-B (mandatory) (voluntary) Vehicle length+width DO-260 24bit ID GPS Antenna offset Velocity accuracy (voluntary) Position and quality Mode S System Design Assurance 24bit ID EHS Baro Altitude UAT/1090ES capability (mandatory) Position and quality Velocities Aircraft category Hdg, Roll Baro Altitude Flight ID Emerg code Mode S NIC / NACp / NACv TAS/IAS/GS/VS Velocities Emer code ELS GPS altitude Flight ID (mandatory) TK, TKE, Mach SPI / GS TCAS status Sel ALT Flight ID 41 | © 2017 Rockwell Collins. All rights reserved. Proprietary Information.