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2 2 ECFG " D B D BC A 9##: ; < 7
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4 4 ECFG " D B D BC A 9##: ; < 7
$ . B ._> J En f> cS 2 5 d b Ä K Q 5 C RS i2_M ¶a RZ® _> ]& U'2ª ²n i2 . R>5 fC( UN X. i O c=' O Gr T2 # RS % _> ¢ fª ²n i2 . ©#C ° _ E. "2C' \]& ! .( +¾ : + $2Ì m) .Í > i v j c M N b $_> ¢ fª T mT J . %GT qC´ d v q. "!Î RS I[©T UT \= V2 Yc f T ¨ K#& "> K ,~J 2_ bC25 $HJ C'\]& qE ( + : +¾ $" = N) L = [ ]& xM2 ,=] m]&C U' ª ¤C 5 dC b CÄ 3 mT C°\]& F = T ~2 #C dC # .O Ï& O Ï^ #q bG~a C- · C~ R> 2. f&5 C]& .( : +/ $R =) CE O[ ÐE PE´ ÐCE K 2_C .1 J f C#2E= J Ð|C O W#! f f( ÐEC K ° _ E. CJ CEn 1 f« m]&C mcE.C U' ª Yc f T -C HJ KnC I f (C G $" = N) " c #[ C E fM Lf R U#J ! " CEn c | d ]& ²nC 1 f .V_E. "> .L5 fÑ R O ' . O ># mWn5 dC b Ò O O f T 2E= ! m]& >E NS F = ¢2# (+ : +¾ =N =N K I Kf± r F {> 2_ RS TG- 2 5 # 2_ Ð ÓC [ & C#2E= $_> #2E= ! ]£ E ¤C # . Ycfc K &]# = M K ° -ª T >= ° -ª m± > & 2f _> K 2`®C Y !C w RS ±! .ª K#M E K Ó dC C LE QC YcCE] : ( ( : +/ $" .V ) >nC T2f _> E NS Kf± ~# (C YZE C#Z' 3 E YT!C K Q # # Ô ° . 1 J fª 3 C- · C~ R> 2. V2>' m# f .Cl2_ i2 . uv $_> o RE= '2].C & N O"' . EMB c 5C $b2_ g=5# m- · m~ cf> R> 2. mT C52_ ¡® 2tE5 dC F =. YTC ! K Ë nJ ]5 K Fo= C~ R> 2. c 5C f( C# & 2o= 2> K Fo= C- · R> 2. LC GC m> 2. V ZE K &] RS f # l2_ i2 f "!C 12> .l2_ Y E ° . R> 2. C# & 2o= u g5 (p& N2~ ¹ LC'J w » $m> .C UN X. RS ° . 1 _# & b '2] C iÅ( > U 5 .( ¸ : ++ $mn i _' «!) Y£2> G5C u C qÂC v CE 2ZE c u OG~ ( :+ $RE(( R n^) m2 RS Â S m\C · b #(G `S O TC O CEn & T!M S [SC c(p#[ Í > - _> mt 5 $_> i2o Yv\ # ]& b, ~ 2 > "!C $ = [ . C K (!
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6 6 ECFG " D B D BC A 9##: ; < 7
R> 2. I`S RS £2 n ©#C dC b CE> ! K . fc( - · C~ R> 2. f Cl2_ i2 . .( ¸ .] Eª Cl2_ C H mT cE® ~ x ¢ $ c>fE5 L5 f( L#2´ RS O T ] l2_ Y E b Lj K b ! U ( VX K 2T ° . Ë nJ u Y E H Y #C wG .m> .C R ¤f! Q(! O,`a5 *5 bnf mfEC i2 . c R2 5 b n f # L == & m] E _ G O[ G~ $\= b E_ ! .I ]= u'J xM u " T! m # « J » 12o] }Ct W K! [S 2 S u = C )) ( ( )) : 5[ $"2#) wG ,T K P# ' > Q(! =E ° . Ë nJ u O f E5 c Çf' ,( b ! W#! l K u Y E wG « »[ } L R2 ¢ ¡= RS O\ ZEE $"GÏ " u H2M ¡~ :() DEC 2- V 1 R c a b Ev ] mn' 2T [! & %2' G RE . R Ë nJ +E [ % - bn [ fM [ Çá w5 %[2 Þ /( /( :/ + $"2#) > º Eª E3 mcE5_> C~ R> 2. K#2]5 m_n C V TC £ dC C\= b E_ YT!C K LC'! U ( P# xC= . . ' T ¹ #= T K ²â W' b Eª ¤v ,T K 12C / E "!C w C . J _ L5_M ¯ > ^[ Eª "!C [S cN ! £ ]^! X E_ %GT VX j C\~ G '2n§ CE_# C©# "! U ( t $ > "2 R> 2 K >5[C t v R> 2 2T ¯ > ^[ E- 25 ,T K R 1#C 2fE( ¢ ¡= wS .H2> x G~a5 "Ä CE&5 Ë n R > Ô Yc Yc & O& mTqC J fª Yc& O cC=& K#- c. R ²# :IJ c-2 K YTq YTM _M Y 2 2 q# _'J C # 5 ¡M2 Ycn'! Y£2 ! R ¸ EÎ 2 S H± Ycf_ # Tqã 1 f ª m& "2&{ ã Î Þ × × × × × × .( .( ) $ 5[ $"2#) K C .« m& » « "2&{ » u Yv > ¯ > ^[ E- K ' E §! U5 d ¡= v R> 2. E_X P±! K .O G O >#S Lj Rt! ~ ]& ¯ > ^[ E- V ]& Eª % l $12t 1\N! $M 1 M $1 1C $_n5 Wn5 $1G G ) mT Eª K L5_M C5 $ T M $ c^ T ^ $ R $12N #2N $1Gµ 1G|$ 5 $R' J RE $12 2T ¯ > ^[ E- l K C2# (... 12 > 5 M $12> > $x f - $i2 i2#$55 2 #
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8 8 ECFG " D B D BC A 9##: ; < 7
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f m] # E] f I & K %,( ,T K Y TC .( ¸ : +¸ $" #) « Y \t wC ! J C YTC K#- c. ^ K & ²(C ( Z' ºq 1 mT f( ¬ Cf ° . H UX_ WC 3S c ( . K YT IJ å- K CE( f( .YT2c 3S V R2 :I E "a^ c5 b2. K Y£ YT2 ¼ Î[S K Ît x># [ × × × × +)( +)( : 5[ $"2#) !C ¯G Õ 2&E. RE . UN X. > #C " S > 5 [ 2f cn#C [ ¤ ¡= # E] : v ´ & VX ¢ ¡= à\' . cE ,T K P# 2|\ [ E_ ¤C # f N J [S T2 \ £ H2M 2 ¡' ( C O /( /( :/ + $" 2#) G]T v 1 J }\~ HG] O\ 3 G H2M ccC=^ == }\~S & C f ¾ R CE g>5 \ f( # E] K % l K f C . f [ ¯ t' E_ ¡~ :O\ ¢ ¡= & L M G~aE .O M O ! L RJ ÐE E [ T - bn [ fM [ [ Çá w5 %[2 Þ Þ /( /( :/ + $"2#) -! K I f J Im^ (C ¤~ LC "aC L'2fW n# G F# K L5] & Yc =5 dC V-J a( f> Çf& b2f K & RCE( fE L fMC ¨ ²n 1 fª () ] L2 = K]{ L'! %( #ª K J R # ª J c^! K ¶ bn E J K RCE( f( " E ! f> Çf& 2T Iqª & ( S .vq- M\ . Ô H K bn E f> Çf& L . Ô RS # E] GvEØ 12o vq- M\ 'Q 2 LC'! f( .J I f ¶ ] ! bn :¢ 2fE cE æ L=& K C R5 K _M .¡= C = L- L- 12(×a 2T Ø _ ( R3 V2>× Ut = K ¡ W × × × Þ /( /( $/ + $"2#) a . cX^ cv cE Ut.= " ( ( =. ] R T! V2T _M RS , V2 2T f( ¡= K .12(a _ ( Yc - Yc ]Ta %2E- T! Ã R ¡>! ,3 O ! T,M E f® ! O ,N Î V 'J c W dC H &J LC'a( P=3a ¤o iG T! Ù- 2T ¡= mn_ V2> K . "!C P±2 :¢ ¡= %r 2T [ ! K C K (! [ E3 Lj R5 K C . c Zn
10 10 ECFG " D B D BC A 9##: ; < 7
N J c w ¤nE# [ ( } . K M2 V M! O O /( /( / $ + $"2#) RE . 2># C¬ _ [ OI-S V\ }G C ] 12 c M! d ¯2 V\ & L=^ "2\= L x! C¬ o^ [ - P^p = R « ¤nE#[ » = ¡= ! & "!C L . ( ( )) ¯ ) : // $Rá £) .o^. [ 2T [ H± i2M! "!C + " O"' . CMB O\W b[2. ° . R C`2# LC'! 2oCE ¶! = K]{ .ÐEC v Iq-J K 2oE I f Q # & W ¯ t' ~ 2 2oE Q [ LC'! [SC .( ) : + $²(( R n^) & R> 2 R %,`a5 K O W ! O ± ! OI &'S ! OQ~ L'2( F K ÐE #2E= CEn U '2ª ¤C # fC( L C¶! 2oE R ]# S .( .( + :" .V ) ÐE L Í > Yc `! L "2]# fC( 2_ #2 b "!C O f v &'S Ç #Q~ 3 K# & P# b J YZ . r E'S ¤tE. GT K OI E .Q· ! I &' 1 f T`! T ¯ O ` ' V! " ( O ^ ¯ U#J p 5 dC CnE o "! b ! # S ºv &' fª 1 f RS PEâ L'Å gX ¤> }2· K L ' S U#J "!C b %GT R UN | E O = ( "!C r Ln' ¯ R .#Q· fª RS qE# LC'Å "qC5[ RnE > [ K L5 sC´ d ¤> Ú =5[ Ç] # I &' H2 ! VX # $% %2n m # L#E O\` () 12 C .L o3! LE# L I S K & L V M . 2> L = G () 12 # u ` 2T & " ( fC P_n I &' H2 ! RS ¢ & xt>. U ( a > .b C ³\` mv &' H2 J ,T K :() DEC E L L M 12TJ } X. K %~ # # MJ bÑ M U'! ^2 12 Ma °Æ G ~×a5 [ Î × × × × × × )( )( : 5[ $"2#) R Lf® dC =_ 12J {C K]# LC'! U= C C[S I &' H2 ! R5 K VX # x %,= 5 C R n cf j[ >T M = 3 Ù # GC ,T K K Y R ecE. GT VX :2MC C- "2 YX±! Q(! n "!C n xf# 2 x§! ç! L V2># 2 > V2M! > × × O × × )( )( : 5[ $"2#) RS "2( & YÂC 2c () 12 RS I ! . I &' 25 R O W#! R5 K VM! > C : hC O 2o_ O N M è L C R () 12 2c I S & x§ "S $b2c& UC 'C
11
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12 fN J Ç ' K U> c E# ' RS 2=_n( × C × /( /( : + $"2#) V cn [ ÂG C ' UC O[ Ç L=M "! x ' RS qE K () 12 %q'C & "! à\' uÏ. 2c à R >E5C > 3 L'a] Y C V > x YE# l K Lf GC 2oª =N µ L' ] Å " ] () DEC 3 # " ( S O = ( "SC 12> E52n# [ º # %G5 O f&T Yc () DEC RS K] () R=E O t f (.... O\c "G~a5[)Î ^ = >#t L ³o h L-2 c- () 12 c- K L{]5 L'a^ YZ 5 c- K () 12 L53 V Uv v f± 25 K (! l K " ( . i~! HM RS 2 # w U= l K K Q(! Cf] W. n Lj ! O = ( "!C RS ^ ³J K ° ³o # 1 .L =E c # Q 5 # WM K ³o # S () 12 RS 1J c _J 1 -J Q f 5 32 5 # WM RS ¯t5C S [S YcC ." ( Q~ ¡=TG c M RW d xv M2 & n_ O[ ¢ ¡= Ú T .~ " K _oE# C¬ w L ^ "> S 2=EC W>( :() 12 · q . LC' a ] "> 55 V\] K]# L # %2 2 5 C /( /( / : + $"2#) L5\5 () DE ¤ 5 WM .(# ¯ 2 #) 2{ f [ n W. n & C > . E x R ">
# R* . F uvq ¡' _M f &5 .JC ÐEC Yf3 2 C X . b ] ] YT!C K '2fW. Q 5 R5 K P O ) K Ca # 2T P#. YM ° O + K "2] 5C q > C 2T 1J Iqª ºuCv ¡3a5C >` ,T K P# 25 . / 3! K O ) K "2].C 1q ! UE Lj ,T K R U 3 ! > :E# b qE C2_ b T C R5 K P# 25 f( T ]! T ª TG- 12 % I[2 -a & eT2 RE# À LCX cE f [ LC (G % ^ c C « K! HC » P# b CtÉ K w , q . . F = ( () DEC K b Cto K# & K (C Y TC K] .() L o3! ()12 ¡ T! I W> ' 1q( TC CE# # WM " & 1 E5 M .,EC L5, C#,_. . ' 1 b2. a uv m# f cª ' dC # W> K w L ^
12 12 ECFG " D B D BC A 9##: ; < 7
# S 7 . EMF ,T K ³®C . cE E [ 2 WM b2. Q > . fc( K# & 1 ¡^ dC # W> K ' 1 K V2# -J L2# }2 J R O =_ E m&{ " 'S ] .mnnC > K - > b2. K .,~J %2 RS Yc (! R "2 C&. Lfj D&~C Ù ' x±2 V #J 12f I Ø Ü 2# L \ ¡ N "S Ü'! K ( × × O × × × × × Î )( )( : 5[ $"2#) #Ã b2. K ³®C G ,T K K Y R E# =_ =t_ t CW> O W#a5 E Y TC :E# > 2& , h T - 12 n I WM "Î 2# ] T ÇnE "a "2. O C ¸( ¸( / : + $R5 K) & "2]# "! f É K . [ L x' [ Fh LC I WM V2 ³ & 2ZE b2. "!C =# f( #Ä ! .( /Ð_M) « Lc- C[S w T IR^ (C » :mT L#! cE G~! dC #Ä ] "> K L5] Yc M ( ( ¸ /"f 1) « b2. >v Çn'Ø ( C » ) =2@ T U ' . BMF RS Pf K L â [ U ( P# xC= . º i2 R ] "> K G~J F K " & Ç .] "> . 3 L C2 5 1 =t V\ q x ¡E q5 L5 "JC w .O Ï^ ] "> :I CE= à2. fC> Pv _CE T C#S 12 PE t =T2 fC H ] GT RC§ LC'! w x _n5 à2 c " >× ' Ú t ! GC Ú T \c × × O × )( )( : 5[ ,"2#) E C O '2o& Lj P=3! - RS LE K i25 . ¤C ] "> } # " ( l K !C ] 12 \ 3 YZ ³ o( « n H o3! » _MC ¢ t >. E' T! RS n( Z' .°> O,N » T C§ dC %2E- () f LC=' [ V2# LC ! F $#2=' b 3 TS K % = K]{ G () :12(a _ ( Yc - Yc ]Ta ( =. = ] VT R uff_.C L&- T! RS « ! n U]' YT[2 Y£ L ] n LE U]'C ¡= Î O 12(a 2T _ (Ø R3 V2> UØ Ît = K ¡ LW Þ [ ,Ît U> % - GÏ 2# Ø R L# bÎ ã /( /( :/ + $"2#)
13
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P. M .2c& | 5 WM 2T n ³ RS j3 o± b ^S R5 K b ! bI - > C C O,×N Y× c× ×! $ W× 5 Y× T×Ñ × â× × ! $ n× H o3× a s ã ×Ñ 5 × !Û : L n 2 & Ø Ø ¯¸( ¯¸( /) Ý 12 Ñ ×a _× Ñ Y× c $ Æ K× h Y× c ×5 $ ! u` RS O,& q () DEC _ ' n V T! ² d ]E u l K x :¢ ¡= [ ,Ît U> % - GÏ 2# Ø R L# bÎ ã /( /( :/ + $"2#) = ] G>'! f] %2E c LC %C#! dC 12 C b _ ' RS > # & t> & a ! > ,t H a 5 % = C#©# LC "!C mT c_X ' dC C J 12ê q L2 G>'! I f 2t .#M Im^ (C R 2T w ! S · v _n i~! 9 VJ* WR@ X* . FMF ,T K #C .i~! E u fc TI3! p5C C- o± 2_ K# & P# I W> a ¡ ] ' :w L >Î # 2 O T] } | [ LC'a b2. H > K %c#C %C2 # K (C R 12 n KÀ M È YÈ ! [ m= 2C~ ¡> × × Î C C × )( )( : 5[ $"2#) - =5 KÀ n (C > ._M K Of C ¤ ¡= « KÀC » n VX & "!C ¡n. K O[à n5 KÀ K RCE] .L () DEC T! "! = 3 Z& # " ( LC'S F %2n LC À RS o n' 12 2n Ln' - = K H # d KÀ n_ ¤t' LC'a] . fcS - Ç aC " ( u L5n L À I W> % > K l C K H! f( $LE u fS R 12 xC "! ## LC'a( .() ] :¢ C ¡= 12 n I WM "!Î 2# ] T ÇnE "a "2. O Þ C ¸( ¸( / : + $"2#) 2T b2. "!C R (©5C d b #Ä RS O of C I W> cE QC d Ï& RS b2. a R5 K q > Ø ã Ý...b2×f× >v Çn×EÑÛ : cE b2. a I W> C [ LC'S C mC Kv ( C( LS 1©# G V2 É ,_. Ø /Ç'2# ) Ý"2 > #[ O " ~×a × # \ Y× c- ! I - SÛ ( )¾ /KÀ ) Ý" c× K× ã ÑÛ ( ¸ /"f ) .( .( /
14 14 ECFG " D B D BC A 9##: ; < 7
9<Y, &!" Z* . CMF " ] Y&C W! b n_ a O Co " ( 12 "!C U# [ . & () 12 ¶ \( " & 3 #Ä 2 YZ n3 ( / / Y>) « YZ ¤Ø~ R wC'S » :O\v M ] "> Ln3 f= YZ ¤~ R (a ba (© C bI - #Ä "!C C[S 2_ C ¯2n5 12 ¯ \~! fZ "aC xE ># m> .C ª ( T2 "2]5 .u 2n' RE . 4 p (fª § V\ "S)C :mT () &!" A$ . ME CMF L= 2 2E C #,= 5 b C CE U a RCE5 & () DEC } 3! K ,T K ~ v& Yo ># t~J U(, RS & 32 q c#C " ( mT ªC H "aC O f .C#= L >` T ª L52 = } |[ O ^ () fÞ DEC " ( $ & > K ZE C $L =M I E! u n_ %G c & O > O () 12 U ( CÓ . _J tÓ () 12 ^ K v T & ,T K Y .Yv[ 2 :u^ u qcE H 1 tJ %I O ( 5 O_ E c± ~ d H ( K | O ^ Ov M 12 2T Î[S "> Ú # "! L j [ 'M # S × × × × ã O × +( +( : 5[ $"2#) Y£2 V2® K#G 1 tJ "a^ L'a^ L'M! ]# O\t L Cµ () DE 2_5C & "SC O > '^! f] . fC _C > 1 ~ m K YT K#GC " n K YT, pE "q# K cc. ( b · O >` O ^ " ( fc LE# {C "! ! Ãâ \ k22 LE n5C GC J () 12 U ( LC=^ ~c& : J Yc p K#GC " n V2 ` E . I\^J Àq O fv "2]5 L a .LnE -J L#2 R&Î ´ [ ' Ù 2 ,À Z5 LE O ã 12(a " qÆ = t >Ø ` 2~! L#2 1q # [ C C /( /( :" .V ) R 1JC "aC E> Et # ,T K E % 'T ^ fC O,( | [ l K L§ G c&. :* . L 12 a ^C l K F b J O\ Z' .R' ecE ) 12 > "> 5 M L _M L i# Rf] i# Þ O Î 12& }2n] Ùª Q] , # # K - F Þ Þ C 1 L# aE 1Þ LnM2 R iJ M J 3 "S C ( ( ¸ /¯ / : + $"2#) f] $>.C ¯2&f. L w n# G & n 5 >. () 12 R5 K 3 >
15
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q # G]T T a# ! c ># ÅC C=ª k2ª Vqc# * . 2| ¨ L Ç=# E 2c \ u-.C IJ _# Lv R Ov 12_# G xE. & J () 12 & L=^ C .L c-2 K IJ l K iG .I #Q( I\~ m&{ G « O \~ LnE Cp# "! " I u-W C J R . T,Gh T ª L > K T 2 d U ( c§ d cn' 2_ VX - RS U ( G 12 ¡= RS O\ Z' º[ O 2 ! O Zn = ( O ' ! M L'! U ( P# `a5 R5 K "!C w& LS ¯t #C [ C¬ : : O > L® C M ¢ ¡= U ( L M L=&5 ÅC %\! 2(G. 2t>. K ° 12& }2n] Ùª Q] , # # K - F Þ Þ C ¸( ¸( / : + $"2#) bn. $O W#! H2 J bn. F K " (p f Å $u = u xfâ G °2fW. U' ª K O\W .¨= L=& H2 ! K# & \( VX M .« 12& » « }2n] » « H » « F » :RT (p&. /. () &!" S\ WI'(: . MB CMF f]o O H "5# Y ÅC $2t= q C n'J I YT #S O n3 K#- c. ,T K Rn > _ '[ 2>>C Å .O W#! L-2 f 2· & Ycn3 f( $() DE cE# " ( dC C2E K C[S C> # Y J "2qâ [ "2qn# [ * . K ( 2 qT 2 Y ! f( $"2{[2't=# [ IJ R "n#C [ YT2c U_5 R "n#C \ $v& YW~ = _ M2. E " # wG ±. O =N :* . K u £ I E=ª "a^ =ª W ,# RC I £ e ' K Yc 2= 1 t!Þ u' Y^ ã 2' S # 2 2M Yc ¡ ' "S P# n 2 O O × × c5 b2. K Y£ YT2 ¼ Î [S K Ît x># [ × × × × +)( +)( : 5[ $"2#) vQ- i2 Yc - "! RS c! b2 E a I ] H o3! b J % R5 K "q #C YT, " Y ! 2T & i! () DEC ¡ T! ! I ] H o3! qC{ C¬ .LC u>.C ]v\. K 2T :YT`! Rn M Yc =5 K W#C \ m2 E( 25 a&' Y J $ c C v Wn YcS mf E5 #a Y ¸ #Q- xf ª Yc [SC Yc f - ># f· ã #a5 u = R K# ] R L ! #qE G~! YcE C ¾ ±J i5 Y i~! R! & L ' }Ø ^ W Þ /( /( / : + $"2#)
16 16 ECFG " D B D BC A 9##: ; < 7
KfE ! u5q "qCf # () 12 ¡ T! "!C E#! pC " K IR& > 2t>. 'Z' K E v R Yc CW! ° L>v M "> ! K &] YcT©#C GC #a Y : ¶ & 2ZE .K#~Ä uJ c X dC b f] H2 J ÇnE ,T K e R O #- O W#! ] 12 o3 l K M :mT V] () DE H o3! l K c dC b J ! K .K#- c f Lj ,T K U ( ± n r! Uo_ 1Ä ct % =^! ¡= ÇnE Þ Þ C Þ 2 S Uo 2 - S ß n S Uc^ 2 ' S Þ Þ Þ 2' "S I a=× x# [ Y c ¡ ' "S P# n \ Þ × × Þ ¸( / : + $"2#) YT C#S O\Wn C LC( Ç- K () L T! LTqE#C () DE R ²# & "!C 2(G. b J à\. K .! b n_ %GT xf "! o . K .L=o3 L 12 ¡ f - À } 3! RS ¯t5C C .YT, R .IJ "2 _# E ³2 ( "=# " ^ Y SC C .V2CE xf5 f( xf5 I W M& O T2- "2]{ Y ÅC [SC "25 ># [ L o3! 12 "SC .12 J Yc "2M# I>n "2t # E q t dC tf. V2 "2c= C¹ .{q£ i qn [ qª Y E# [ f( _ '[ E [ t= Yc#p # [ wG L5 ±. O =N LC L-2 .% _'! L T! () DEC O 2 ! [ O Zn K# & P# u ,=( L &5 () &!" J ^_' . ]MF GC Çv x "!C " TJ RS ' .() DE } t [ fc K# & P# R (p&. u W . K Í > 2_#C Lj K ¢ t >. .() DEC K 2n UN G [ >5 2T Lj &'S RS ,T K x O __ L # i# LCE] YZ ¤n' R gC=X # LC'a] $L T! 12 "!C x§ . U L = C u] ^ 23 : J 2' K 12 ×a 12 E 2n °! 12 "!Î ¡Ï='! × × × × × 12=> LC 12 E G G LC 12 ¡5! M O )( )( : 5[ $"2#) # LC'a m2# b J K t^ (C R « LC 12 » ¤t' O = ( "!C ¤ & t >. R ¡n. K & (C LC O[2 L'2] }p # P=3! ª uf. Ec. % ^a LC 12 pc GC E & w .L p () DE } t [ LE O %G LS V> C # . DE C Lp 1 Þ xnE#[ V2# Yc n^ () DEC ¡ T! 2n 2-# x^ ~ UM K F =E5 b f] L5_M l K R !
17
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:"2E [ #2E5 - Yc= V2 Yc= -! R-J REÎ'S Þ C C C 12 2n_ wÎ Y( "S %`2( I K C b Y( Þ Þ C ¸( ¸( /¯ :/ + $"2#) , O-! YcM# H V2# () L T! DEC UjC K (Î ë ]# LC "!C > l K b f( cZ5 12 e R "v %I R># > V2 2 2T `2] RS R' ¡= & P. M ."2E¬ mj u R J ¯ n "!C C[S .L o3! () DEC fcv[ K K# & \( H! > . () K#T t fv[ i2' [ L { R5 K K]C DEC %T! GC L R O n () 12 { O = ( "!C Kf]# K# & U ( i %r [ ²#C x K YE#C Lf } X. 12TJ ]5 F & V2# L5_' L n^ xft# .1 =t ,T K
• H! `6'# : ev E RS GT Eh E325C > 2c&. ,T K U ( P# 12E R 2=EC Lj u2#J _ R £ "> R l K e' . ! K .[ O\]^ ,T K `a5 l K "!C R o± [ 1#C C¬ # ` ¬ %2- uj. u .Q CE5 () YZJ 12 fcj l K ,T K U ( K# & "!C :mT uj. T3' d ° . ^ 2n UN GJ >5 } t [ V2 É I W> 'C 1q( i~! x±2 RS O W#! Mt5C L 3a ^ () DEC T! K u W. ° . K ,( " j. Úp .L o3! ! () DEC ¡ Ta u GJ >5 () DEC } t [ m YC É I W> > [ ' I E & 3 ~C {] L 3a .L## % ^ ^! O = ( "SC :Fo= GT LS E325C f= m# f( "2]5 ]5 ÅC uj. u K# = %2- !C ). q uf. _ ' ] C R T! V2T WM RS l K P.! fE E#. RS ] C K uf. T RS ¡ T! R l K RE`! _'J " K#- c. ^! O = ( "!C [SC () DEC H o3! " & . K "SC .L5 f( K =# f( m &C UTG. ¤E M l K "2]# "! = # [ V] L o3! () DEC ` OZ' O Ï^ Lj V\( K Ç= ># GC ,T K U ] O \~ ] "> K Lj f C l .L L . ] 3n 5S V ] "> c c m Y. g= h " j. YZ' > uj. u (p& Y 2M f]&C E K !C +.
18 18 ECFG " D B D BC A 9##: ; < 7
K E - · R> 2. K O\W ~ R> 2. " & Y TC .R> 2. w= ' ¤E K [ L# E] L=& ( \= b E_ " & VX .mf] ¤ E Eª l2_ ¤ E K P# R v ^ W E3 r >. o- CZ5 ,T K P# R # E] L=& n(C "! C[S .... I &' ¨3 f ,T K "!C mT m]& _ R ¯p[ %2- K uj. % '- ! K .l K YE#C Q· ¨3 R5 K VX fE _> % &'S I E`! & c& # ]=5 tW n' R 1# U ] P# = =_ .« K! HC » L5_> LfZ' Q & R ¡2 " Eª ¡=` kaª N K R L5 & a&' Ç] # o± # > C ^ =3 l K P# 25 fE h #G =3 mT R Rn±! ± . 1 J 1 f l K P# ^ .E# b qE 2_ b T [ C 3 C Ï .³J K L> " J YZ f W. 1 J ,T K f fE O | 5 O '2 Lj ¯ _ LC= K QC l K "ÅC $YZJ DEC R K# & bqnC d F2= x Ó /. ¡' ( dC L5 O >'S À 2n O =N G \ Lj VM ,T K "!C u $() R=E % ÐX. Lv[ 2&5 [ & M 3 nN R5 K P# n# fE \~ ¯_ > n# wG tX ± .Uv2&
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G [ . o= GT VX K 1!C 2T ,T K U ( "!C =# .K K n K K n ). .>\ 2_ I & % ( "> -25 "2\= L Pt3 f= « RE . àn E }\ v[ » ! ° . Ë nJ u VÃ\ +. x 5 ¢25 "!C Rn|[ ( ¸) /Ç#) Ý GT 'M× K× E K× E#× # 2 MÛ : c E E_ %GT K v ] .Y 2E =v ~ > q#q E "2 = 2# H V2 Yc#2 n]C I ] L=O 523 25C « b nJ »
" Y '! [ "= 5 =! [ » : ¯ > ^[ E- $ Eª Rf#C ¯ > ^Þ $u' . u x S /. .( .( + /" ]) « =!
K ¯ c3! W " =ª K RE]# >,_M :1 =E Tn : E ¯ O E=- P_# 2T C :C ¸. & "!C ° J U 3 1 M f= w U= Kv W >J Y£ K]#C _'J %]# " ( O = ( "! } . wG L Pf# L3 () 12 "!C [SC L > _'J K - YTC Lf #2cnt () 12 E ( ( +// : ¸ $2f 52M #)
[ E3 i-! L'Å L O cC=& v 1 J K O\ U#J - 2 \= I f LS UT R OI E ¾.
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• References 1. The Holy Quran. 2. Ibn Abi Usaibi'a, Abu al-Abbas Ahmed bin Qasim (without publication date), Uyun Al - Anba Fi Tabaqat Al –Atibba, Investigator: Nizar Reza, Beirut: Dar maktaba al-Hayat. 3. Ibn al-Sa ʿātī, Mu ḥammad b. ʿAl ī b. Rustam al -Khur āsānī (1938), Diwan, investigation: Anis al-Maqdisi, Beirut: al-Ulum al-Sharqiya Series. 4. Ibn Salam, Abdullah ibn Salam (without publication date), Tabaqat fuhul al- shoara, Investigator: Mahmoud Mohammed Shaker, Jeddah: Dar Al-Madeni. 5. Ibn Khalakan, Ibrahim ibn Abi Bakr (1938),Vafayat al-ayaan, nvestigation: Ihsan Abbas, Beirut: Dar al-Sader. 6. Aktari, Tahereh (2006), The Prophet's View in Shoghi's Poetry, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, pp. 37 to 56. 7. Aasha, Maymun Ibn Qays (1407), Court, Investigation: Ashraf Kamil Suleiman, Beirut:Dar al- kutub al- lobnani . 8. Amiri, Jahangir, Pourazer, Mahdi, and Noraldin Parvin (1394), The Beauty of Simey in ode "Banat Souad" (Analytical and Implications), Journal of Arab Literature Criticism, No. 9. 9. Amin, Mohsen (1983), ayaan al-Shi'a, Researcher: Hasan Amin, Beirut. 10. Ansari, Narges and Tayyebah Seifi (1393), "Jewel Poetry from the Viewpoint of Structural Analysis" A Case Study of Two Qasidah ", Arabic Literature, No. 2, 6, Autumn and Winter 2014, pp. 50-69.
22 22 ECFG " D B D BC A 9##: ; < 7
11. Bahramian, Ali (without publication date), Badr, The Great Islamic Encyclopedia, Vol. 11. 12. Al-Hur al-Amuli, Mohammed ibn Hussein (1417), Wesel al-Shi'a, Qom: Nuralathqalin. 13. Al-Hammoui, Ibn Hajjat (1985), explaining a poem of Ka'b ibn Zuhair «Banat Souad», achievement: Ali Hussein al-Boab, Riyadh:Maktaba al-maarif. 14. Jabri, Shafiq (1362), poem of Ibn Saati, Journal of the Arabic Language Academy in Damascus, vol. 18, pp. 489-492. 15. Dezfuli, Muhammad, Sayadani, Ali and Rasool Bazayar (1390), The Evolution of the Content of the Poemsof Muhammed, Journal of Arab Literature, No. 2, Sal 3, pp. 100-118. 16. Rahimi, Mohammad (2007), Praise of Prophet Muhammad in the Arabic poetry of the first century Islamic, Journal of Islamic Thoughts, Year 1, No. 1, pp. 1-18. 17. Sallimi, Ali, Ahmadi, Muhammad Nabi (2011), Praise of Prophets in Arabic Poetry (A Study in Historical Development), Journal of International Human Sciences, No. 18, pp. 49-64. 18. Shafiei Kadkani, Mohammad Reza (2002), Poetry Music, Tehran: Aqah. 19. Daif, Shawqi (1427), The History of Arabic Literature (Islamic Period), Volume II, Qom: Zawi al-Qurba. 20. Talebian, Yahya (2007), Structural Analysis of Sepid Shamlu Poetry, Journal of Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ferdowsi University, No. 157, Summer, p. 115-85( 21. Tabarsi, Abu Ali Fadl bin Hassan (2005), Bayan Complex in the Interpretation of the Qur'an, Beirut: Dar Al Ulum for Investigation, Printing, Publishing and Distribution, First Edition. 22. Tahmasebi, Adnan, Ismail Zadeh, Hassan (2009) Comparison of praise of Prophet Mohammad in the contemporary period with the Mamluk era, Arabic Literature Magazine, Volume 1, Number 1, Pages 31-51 23. Abbas, Hassan (1998), Characteristics of Arabic letters and meanings, Publications of the Arab Book Union. 24. Alipour, Mostafa (2008), The structure of poetry language today, Third edition, Tehran: Ferdows 25. Goli, Hossein, Mahdavi, Majid (1393), A Study of the Poems of Praise Muhammad in the Mamluk Period, Journal of the al-Lassan al-Mubin, Sixth Year, No. 18, pp. 58-79. 26. ka'ab Bin Zuhair (without publication date), Diwan, Printing: Omer Farooq, Beirut - Lebanon: Dar Alqalam for printing and publishing. 27. Mabarak, Zaki (1935), Poems of Praise to the Prophet Muhammad in Arabic
23
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Literature, First Edition, Beirut: Al-Muqbat al-Asriyah. 28. Mahbati, Mehdi (2005), Critical Review and Critical Analysis of the Narratives of Literary Perspectives in Tarjoman al-Balaghah, Farsi Language and Literature Research, No. 4, pp. 16-16. 29. Mohsinia Nia, Naser, Jihadi, Amir (2010), Review of the Poems of the Prophet Muhammad in poem of Ka'b ibn Zuhir and Khaqani Sharvani, L. Mobin Journal, Second Year, No. 2, pp. 172-195. 30. Vahidian Kamyar, Taghi (1375), "Innuendo, Language Painting", Journal of the Academy of Sciences, Winter, No. 8, pp. 55-69. 31. Al-Hashemi, Ahmad (1414), Jawaher Al-Balaghah, Beirut-Lebanon: Publications of Zawi al-Qurba. 32. Hadara, Muhammad Mustafa (1987), Studies in Modern Arabic Literature, Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Al-Uloom Al-Arabiya .
24 24 ECFG " D B D BC A 9##: ; < 7
ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري و ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﻳﻲ ﻣﺪح رﺳﻮل اﷲ در اﺷﻌﺎر « ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ زﻫﻴﺮ » «و اﺑﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺗﻲ » »
ﻣﺮﻳﻢ رﺣﻤﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﺎﺷﻮﻧﺪ1* ، ﺟﻬﺎﻧﮕﻴﺮ اﻣﻴﺮي2 ، ﺑﻬﻨﺎز ﻧﻈﺮي3 ، ﺟﺒﺎر آذرﺑﺎر4
1 . اﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎر ﮔﺮوه زﺑﺎن و ادﺑﻴﺎت ﻋﺮﺑﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه رازي ، ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه، اﻳﺮان 2 . داﻧﺸﻴﺎر ﮔﺮوه زﺑﺎن و ادﺑﻴﺎت ﻋﺮﺑﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه رازي ، ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه، ا ﻳﺮان 3 . ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎس ارﺷﺪ زﺑﺎن و ادﺑﻴﺎت ﻋﺮﺑﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه رازي ، ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه، اﻳﺮان 4 . ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎس ارﺷﺪ زﺑﺎن و ادﺑﻴﺎت ﻋﺮﺑﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه رازي ، ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه، اﻳﺮان
ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﻣﺪﻳﺢ ﻧﺒﻮي ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻓﻨﻮن ﺷﻌﺮي ﺑﺸﻤﺎر ﻣﻲ رود ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻋﺮان از زﻣﺎن ﻧﺰول ﻗﺮآن ﻛﺮﻳﻢ ﺗﺎ روزﮔﺎر ﻣﺎ اﺷﻌﺎر زﻳﺎدي در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ آن ﺳﺮوده اﻧﺪ. ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﻣﺨﻀﺮم ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ زﻫﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮودن ﻗﺼﻴﺪه اي ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮده ﻣﺸﻬﻮر ﮔﺸﺘﻪ ﺑﺎب اﻳﻦ ﻓﻦ را ﮔﺸﻮده اﺳﺖ. در ﻃﻮل ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ، ﺷﺎﻋﺮان ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺪﻳﺢ ﻛﻌﺐ ﻫﻢ ازﻟﺤﺎظ ﻓﻨﻲ و ﻫﻢ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﻳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ. ﻳﻜﻲ از اﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﻋﺮان ، اﺑﻦ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎﺗﻲ - ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﻋﺼﺮ ﻣﻤﻠﻮﻛﻲ – اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪ از ﻣﺪﻳﺢ اﺑﻦ زﻫﻴﺮ ﻗﺼﻴﺪه اي ﺳﺮوده ﻛﻪ ازﻧﻈﺮ وزن ، ﻗﺎﻓﻴﻪ ، ﺷﻜﻞ و ﻣﻀﻤﻮن ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻏ ﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﻜﺎري ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﻴﺪ ة ﺑﺮد ة ﻛﻌﺐ دارد. ﻣﻘﺎ ﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﻼﺷﻲ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﻫﺎ و اﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎً ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎي ﻣﻴﺎن دو ﻣﺪﻳﺢ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮ ة ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ - ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮ ﻳﻦ دﺳﺘﺎوردﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ و ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﻳﻲ در ﻣﺪاﻳﺢ دو ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﭼﻨﺎن زﻳﺎد اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ اﺑﻦ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎﺗﻲ از ﻛﻌﺐ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﻧﻤﻮده و ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺴﺰاﻳﻲ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﻣﺎ دو ﺗﻔﺎوت اﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻴﺎن دو ﻗﺼﻴﺪه وﺟﻮد دارد ﻳﻜﻲ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺳﺮود ة ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ رﻧﮓ و ﻟﻌﺎب اﻋﺘﺬار ي دارد ﭼﻮن آن را ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر د ﻟﺠﻮﻳﻲ از رﺳﻮل ﮔﺮاﻣﻲ اﺳﻼم ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ اﻫﺎﻧﺘﺶ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺎﻣﺒﺮ (ص) و اﺳﻼم ﻣﻬﺪور اﻟﺪم ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﻮد، ﺳﺮوده اﺳﺖ. ﺣﺎل آﻧﻜ ﻪ اﺑﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﻗﺼﻴﺪه اش را ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﺪح و ﺳﺘﺎﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺎﻣﺒﺮ و اﺻﺤﺎب و اﻫﻞ ﺑ ﻴﺖ (ع) و درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﺷﻔﺎﻋﺖ از آن ﺑﺰرﮔﻮاران ﺳﺮوده اﺳﺖ. ﻟﺬا ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺣﺎل و ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ دﻳﻨ ﻲ و اﻋﺘﻘﺎدي ﺑﺮ آن ﺣﺎﻛﻢ اﺳﺖ. اﻓﺰون ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ در ﻗﺼﻴ ﺪه ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ آﺷﻨﺎ ﻧﺒﻮدن او ﭼﻨﺪان اﺛﺮي از اﻗﺘﺒﺎس از آﻳﺎت ﻗﺮآن ﻛﺮﻳﻢ دﻳﺪه ﻧﻤ ﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺣﺎل آﻧﻜﻪ اﺑﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ اﻧﺲ و آﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب آﺳﻤﺎﻧﻲ از آﻳﺎت آن در ﻣﺪﻳﺤﻪ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑ ﻲ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮده اﺳﺖ.
ﻛﻠﻴﺪ واژﮔﺎن: ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ز ﻫﻴﺮ، اﺑﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺗﻲ، ﻗﺼ ﻴﺪه ي ﺑﺮده، ﻗﺼ ﻴﺪه ي ربّ أﻋﻦ، ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري، ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﻳﻲ.
ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ * ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ : E-mail: [email protected] . .
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Structural and Content Analysis of Eulogy of the Prophet in the Poems of Ka'b Ibn Zuhayr and Ibn al-Sāʻātī
1 2 3 Maryam Rahmati Torkashvand 2*, Jahangir Amiri , Behnaz Nazari , Jabbar Azarbar 4
1. Assistant Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran 2. Associate Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran 3. M.A. in Arabic Language and Literature, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran 4. M.A. in Arabic Language and Literature, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
Abstract The prophetic eulogy is considered one the poetic techniques that poets have written innumerably since the time of the revelation of the Holy Qur’an to the present days. Ka'b Ibn Zuhayr had extended this technique by compiling eulogistic verses and during the course of history; many poets were influenced by his techniques and content. Ibn al- Sāʻātī, a Shia poet of the Ayyubi era, to imitate the ode of Ka'b bin Zuhayr, also composed one in praise of the prophet with the same prosody and rhyme. In terms of structure and content, similarities and differences in the two are visible such as ephemeral of the world, praise of the holy prophet and demanding his forgiveness, and the historical events are the most important common themes. The main difference between the two panegyrics is that Ka'b bin Zuhayr praises immigrants as loyal companions of the prophet while Ibn al-Sāʻātī - because of being Shia- praises the family of the prophet. However, both pay particular attention to the rhythm, structurally. This study intends to investigate the structure and content in the prophetic eulogy of both poets, through a descriptive- analytic method. Of the highlights of the findings, “Ibn al-Sāʻātī” has been influenced clearly by the praise of “Ka'b bin Zuhayr” in words, meaning and method. Regardless of many common points, there are two fundamental differences: the Shia and religious color is clearly seen in the panegyric of “Ibn al-Sāʻātī” while Ibn Zuhair composed his ode to apologize the prophet. “Ibn al-Sāʻātī” has been drunk to satiety of the beauty of the Holy Quran but “Ka'b bin Zuhayr”- due to its proximity to the time of revelation of the Quran-, was not familiar with this book and except for a few references, he did not use it.
Keywords : Ka'b bin Zuhayr; Ibn al-Sāʻātī; Eulogy the Prophet; Structural Study; Content Analysis.
ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ * Corresponding Author's E-mail: [email protected]
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