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Au Royaume-Uni El Derecho De Autor En El Reino Unido

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Au Royaume-Uni El Derecho De Autor En El Reino Unido NOUVELLES DU ROYAUME UNI NOVEDADES DE REINO UNIDO Le droit d'auteur El derecho de autor au Royaume-Uni en el Reino Unido 1. Introduction 1. Introducción La législation du Royaume-Uni sur La legislación del Reino Unido le droit d'auteur se résume essentiel- referente al derecho de autor se re- lement à la loi sur le droit d'auteur duce esencialmente a la ley sobre el de 1956 (Copyright Act 1956), qui derecho de autor de 1956 (Copyright n'a connu que des amendements rela- Act 1956), que sólo ha sufrido en- tivement mineurs depuis son entrée miendas relativamente pequenas des- en vigueur le 1er juin 1957 (1). Ce de su puesta en vigor, el 1° de junio droit a été clarifié ou modifié à de de 1957 (1). Ese derecho ha sido nombreuses reprises par des déci- clarificado o modificado en nume- sions judiciaires, qui peuvent avoir rosas ocasiones por decisiones judi- le statut de précédents impératifs ou ciales, que pueden tener o no el esta- non. Malgré les tentatives des tribu- tuto de precedentes imperativos. A naux, le droit d'auteur du Royaume- pesar de los intentos de los tribu- Uni ne s'est pas suffisamment adapté nales, el derecho de autor del Reino pour répondre aux exigences de ceux Unido no se ha adaptado suficien- qui prétendent qu'il est incapable temente para responder a las exigen- de satisfaire aux besoins de l'ère cias de los que pretenden que es in- des techniques modernes. Mais cette capaz de satisfacer las necesidades impuissance du droit d'auteur d'au- de la era de las técnicas modernas. jourd'hui n'est pas considérée comme Pero esta insuficiencia del derecho alarmante par le consommateur ordi- de autor actual no se considera como naire de biens protégés par le droit alarmante por el consumidor ordina- d'auteur qui, depuis les années 60, rio de bienes protegidos por el dere- a largement bénéficié de l'adoption cho de autor que, desde los anos 60, de plusieurs lois favorables au se ha beneficiado ampliamente de consommateur (2) et qui n'est pas la adopción de varias leyes favorables habitué à connaître des restrictions al consumidor (2) y que no está acos- dans sa position relativement privi- tumbrado a sufrir restricciones en su légiée. posición relativamente privilegiada. (1) Par exemple, Public Records Act (1) Por ejemplo, Public Records Act 1958, Films Act 1960, Design Copyright 1958, Films Act 1960, Design Copyright Act 1968, Copyright (Amendment) Act Act 1968, Copyright (Amendment) Act 1971, Copyright Act 1956 (Amendment) 1971, Copyright Act 1956 (Amendment) Act 1982. Act 1982. (2) Par exemple, Misrepresentation (2) Por ejemplo, Misrepresentation Act 1967, Trade Descriptions Act 1968, Act 1967, Trade Descriptions Act 1968, Fair Trading Act 1973, Consumer Credit Fair Trading Act 1973, Consumer Credit Act 1974, Unfair Contracts Terms Act Act 1974, Unfair Contraets Terms Act 1977, Supply of Goods and Services 1977, Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982. Act 1982. 58 NEWS FROM UNITED KINGDOM COPYRIGHT IN THE UNITED KINGDOM by William R. CORNISH Professor of English Law, London School of Economics and Political Science Jeremy J. PHILLIPS Lecturer in Law, University of Durham. 1. - Introduction The copyright legislation of the United Kingdom is essentially that of the Copyright Act 1956, which has been subjected to only relatively minor amendments since it came into force on 1 June 1957 (1). The effect of that legislation has been clarified or altered in many instances through subsequent judicial decisions, which are treated as binding or persuasive precedents. Despite the attempts of the courts, the copyright law of the United Kingdom has not yet sufficiently adapted to meet the demands made upon it by those who claim that it is incapable of satisfying the needs of the modern technological era. The impotence of copyright law today is not, however, regarded with great alarm by the ordinary consumer of copyright-protected material who has, since the 1960s, benefited greatly from the intro- duction of many pro-consumer laws (2) and who is not accustomed to the diminution of his position of relative privilege. (1) Eg. the Public Records Act 1958, Films Act 1960, Design Copyright Act 1968, Copyright (Amendment) Act 1971, Copyright Act 1956 (Amendment) Act 1982. (2) Eg. the Misrepresentation Act 1967, Trade Descriptions Act 1968, Fair Trading Act 1973, Consumer Credit Act 1974, Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977, Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982. 59 Il est difficile de dire avec certi- Es difícil decir a ciencia cierta tude quand une nouvelle loi sur le cuando se adoptará una nueva ley droit d'auteur sera adoptée. Le mou- sobre el derecho de autor. Ha sido vement pour une réforme du droit tímido el movimiento en favor de d'auteur a été timide. Il commence una reforma del derecho de autor. en 1974 avec la nomination du Co- Comenzó en 1974 con el nombra- mité Whitford sur la réforme du miento del Comité Whitford sobre la droit d'auteur ; le rapport de ce reforma del derecho de autor; el in- Comité, en 1977 (3), parallèlement forme elaborado por ese Comité en à la publication du « Livre vert» 1977 (3), junto con la publicación (« Green Paper ») du gouvernement del « Libro verde » (« Green Pa- en 1981 (4), indique que, dans de per ») del gobierno en 1981 (4), in- nombreux domaines importants du dica que, en numerosos campos droit d'auteur, il n'existe pas de réel importantes del derecho de autor, consensus quant à la forme que de- no existe un consenso real sobre la vrait prendre un amendement législa- forma que debería adoptar una en- tif, même si en fait il existe un accord mienda legislativa, aunque de hecho général pour considérer qu'une ré- existe un acuerdo general para consi- forme est nécessaire. Entre temps, derar que es necesaria una reforma. toutefois, la création d'un droit sur Mientras tanto, sin embargo, la crea- les prêts en bibliothèque (5), l'ap- ción de un derecho sobre los prés- parition de nouvelles chaînes de tamos en bibliotecas (5), la aparición télévision (6), la décision d'autoriser de nuevas cadenas de televisión (6), la mise en place de réseaux de télé- la decisión de autorizar la puesta en vision par câble (7) et l'étude de lois servicio de redes de televisión por cable (7) y el estudio de leyes sobre la protección de las bases de da- (3) Copyright and Designs Law, In- (3) Copyright and Designs Law, rap- forme del Comité para el estudio del port du Comité d'étude du droit d'au- derecho de autor y del derecho de los teur et du droit des dessins, présidé dibujos, presidido por el Juez Whitford, par le juge Whitford, Cmnd. 6732, 1977 Cmnd. 6732, 1977 (citado en lo que (cité par la suite comme Whitford). sigue como Whitford). (4) Révision de la loi sur le droit (4) Revisión de la ley sobre el de- d'auteur et sur la protection des des- recho de autor y sobre la protección sins et des artistes interprètes ou exé- de los dibujos y de los artistas intér- cutants, un document consultatif, pretes o ejecutantes, documento de « Green Paper» du Gouvernement consulta, « Green Paper » del Gobierno Cmnd. 8302, 1981 (cité par la suite Cmnd. 8302, 1981 (citado en lo que comme Green Paper). sigue como Green Paper). (5) Public Lending Right 1979 et (5) Public Lending Right 1979 y : Public Lending Right Scheme 1982 Public Lending Right Scheme 1982 (Commencement) Order 1982 ; cf. éga- (Commencement) Order 1982 ; cf. tam- lement J. Phillips, "The Public Lending bién, J. Phillips, « The Public Lending Right Scheme 1982", (1982) E.I.P.R. Right Scheme 1982 », (1982) E.I.P.R. 232. 232. (6) Cf. Broadcasting Act 1981, art. 10 (6) Cf. Broadcasting Act 1981. art. 10 à 13, qui crée le fondement légal de a 13, que crea el fundamento legal de "Channel Four" et de "Welsh Channel « Channel Four » y de « Welsh Channel Four". Les radios locales ont également Four ». Las radios locales han sido tam- été créées depuis l'adoption de la loi bién creadas después de la adopción de 1956. de la ley de 1956. (7) Cf. Report of the Inquiry into (7) Cf. Report of the Inquiry into Cable Expansion and Broadcasting Po- Cable Expansion and Broadcasting Po- licy, Cmnd. 8679, 1982, et le Livre licy, Cmnd 8679, 1982, y el Libro blanco blanc du Gouvernement du 27 avril del Gobierno del 27 de abril de 1983, 1983, The Development of Cable Sys- The Development of Cable Systems and tems and Services, Cmnd. 8866. Services, Cmnd. 8866. 60 It is difficult to say with certainty when a new Copyright Act will be promoted. Momentum towards copyright reform has been slow. It started in 1974 with the appointment of the Whitford Committee on Copyright Law Reform; the report of that committee in 1977 (3), together with the publication of a Governmental "Green Paper" in 1981 (4), indicate that in many important areas of copyright law there is no real consensus as to the form that any legislative amendment should take, if indeed there is consensus that some reform is necessary. In the meantime, however, the establishment of a library lending right (5), the introduction of new television channels (6), the decision to allow the development of a set of cable television networks (7) and (3) Copyright and Designs Law, The Report of the Committee to Consider the Law on Copyright and Designs, chaired by Mr. Justice Whitford, Cmnd. 6732, 1977 (hereafter referred to as Whitford). (4) Reform of the Law Relating to Copyright, Designs and Performers' Protection: a Consultative Document, Government "Green Paper" Cmnd.
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