Promotion of Sustainable Sanitation in Six Villages of Banka District, Bihar
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Volume : 4 | Issue : 5 | May 2015 ISSN - 2250-1991 Research Paper Social Work Promotion of Sustainable Sanitation in Six Villages of Banka District, Bihar Mr. Pritam Bhattacharyya Mr. Mukesh Kr. Shukla Now a day, “WASH” is a burning issue which needs better attention in the 12th five year plan where engagement of civil society organization can boost up the implementation process in collaboration with existing line departments. More concentration is required in community awareness on ‘WASH’ component through Community mobilization and behavioural change communication instead of installation the subsidiary latrine. A long experience in related field, Research team has able to contribute & raise community awareness in order to make people recognize where health problems originate and how to better sanitation by their own action with a wide range of activities in a collaborative effort with many partners including families, communities, government and like-minded organizations. The Government already adopted a “demand driven” approach with the name “Total Sanitation Campaign” (TSC) with effect from 1999. Now, the concept of sanitation has been expanded to include personal hygiene, home sanitation, safe water, garbage disposal, excreta disposal and waste water disposal named as Nirmal Bharat Abhijan (NBA). This revised approach emphasized more on Information, Education and Communication (IEC) to increase awareness among the rural people and generation of demand for sanitary facilities. The involvement of Ngo will add an extra value for making the programme ‘community led’ and ‘people centered’. But, intensive awareness generation of VWSC, Sahiya and other service providers will be helpful to enhance their knowledge & skill as community level as Motivator and Mobilizer. Involvement of subject matter specialist will definitely penetrate into the grass root level for greater community participation.Commitment on water and sanitation: MDG 7, which aims to halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation. But those who die are by no means the only children affected. Many millions more ABSTRACT have their development disrupted and their health undermined by diarrhea or water-related disease. Water and sanitation are vital in themselves, but they are also key prerequisites for reducing child and maternal mortality (MDG 4 and 5) and combating diseases (MDG 6). And they are key to reducing child under nutrition (MDG 1) and achieving universal primary education (MDG 2). Girls, especially, are likely to spend more time in school when they spend less time fetching water and when adequate sanitation facilities are available on school grounds. Water and sanitation programs is to prevent diarrheal diseases, especially in children and adolescent, mitigate environmental factors that contribute to negative health effects and improving quality and quantity of water, in addition to improve hygiene practices. Research goal of this component is to increase access to portable water and sanitation by access to hardware and promoting better hygiene behavior. Access to hardware refers to core equipment and supplies that are provided either at the household level or within communities. Hardware includes community water systems, sanitation facilities and household level technologies and materials. Hygiene promotion relates to the software that accompanies the supplied hardware. Hygiene promotion includes behavioral/social change methods for achieving success such as: community mobilization and communication strategies, social marketing, school programs and community participation in problem identification and solutions. KEYWORDS ACRONYM: MGNREGS Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employ ANM Auxiliary Nurse Mid-Wife ment Guarantee Scheme ASHA Accredited Social Health Activist MHM Menstrual Hygiene Management AWW Anganwari Worker MOIC Medical Officer In-charge BC Block Coordinator NBA Nirmal Bharat Abhijan BDO Block Development Officer NGO Non Government Organization BWSC Block Water & Sanitation Committee NRMC NR management Consultant Pvt. Ltd CDPO Child Development & Protection Officer ODF Open Defecation Free CLTS Community Led Total Sanitation PHED Public Health Engineering Department DC District Coordinator PO Programme Officer DDC Deputy Development Commissioner PRI Panchayati Raj Institution DM District Magistrate PRS Panchayat Rojgar Sevak DWSC District Water & Sanitation Committee PS Panchayat Samiti DWSM District Water Sanitation Mission RSM Rural Sanitary Mart EE Executive Engineer SC Schedule Caste GP Gram Panchayat SHG Self Help Group GSF Global Sanitation Fund SMC School Management Committee HDI Human Development Index ST Schedule Tribe JMP Joint Monitoring Programme SWSM State Water Sanitation Mission MDG Millennium Development Goal VWSC Village Water & Sanitation Committee 52 | PARIPEX - INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH Volume : 4 | Issue : 5 | May 2015 ISSN - 2250-1991 WASH Water Sanitation & Hygiene level. Involvement of School Management Committee in san- ZP Zilla Parishad itation promotion in schools and utilization of school untied fund in Sanitation purpose definitely will increase the attend- Executive Summary ance rate among girl students. Sanitation and hygiene challenges is a burning issue now a day all over India. There is a need to re-focus on stopping Overall, it was an Action Research for developing a sustainable open defecation rather than the building of facilities alone, model on Sanitation promotion utilizing the maximum benefit investing heavily in hygiene promotion and social intermedia- of the scheme for the beneficiaries and involving all the stake- tion, particularly at household level, and providing improved holders at each & every stair of planning, Execution & mon- and affordable design options for the poor. Supply and de- itoring for its sustainability. District can adopt this model for mand must be linked. To date the focus has been on BPL fam- greater coverage in a stipulated time frame and endorse the ilies. But there are huge numbers of families above poverty scheme decentralized and people centric. line who don’t follow adequate or any sanitation and hygiene practices. These families also need to be covered under a com- CONTENT prehensive communications, advocacy and marketing strate- Topic Page gies. The link needs to be made with improved sanitation and Abstract hygiene impact on overall health. Practicing open defecation Acknowledgement creates an environment in which diseases can transmit rapidly. Acronym Executive Summary The other problem of proper hygiene and sanitation has in- _____________________________________________________ creased manifold due to higher rates of population growth Chapter I: Introduction leading to insanitary conditions. The other limitations in pro- Chapter II: Review Of Literature viding the adequate sanitation condition are lack of trained Chapter III: Methodology personnel, lack of knowledge, improper need based area spe- Chapter IV : Area and the People cific planning to disseminate information and constantly mon- Chapter V : Key Study Element itor the changes. Keeping it in the mind and depending upon Chapter VI : Activity & Result Area the present situation (above 80% HH in Bihar still practicing Chapter VII : Sustainability Assessment open defecation), Global Sanitation Fund has been provided Chapter VIII : Model Adopted for Execution support in Banka district of Bihar for sustainable promotion of Chapter IX: Success Story Sanitation through technical executing agency NEEDS. Chapter X : Challenges Chapter XI : Glimpse In the present study, main focus shifted in to Behavioural Chapter XII : Way Ahead change rather installation of Latrine in H.H. level. The trans- _____________________________________________________ formation from TSC to NBA was a paradigm of change that is List Of Tables being carried out in communitization mode with incorporation Annexure of IEC and strengthening Public Private Partnership approach. Reference State like Bihar is still striving a lot that has been shown in 1. Introduction: Human Development Index (HDI) and Banka is among most Sanitation is the hygienic means of promoting health through neglected & poverty alleviated district of Bihar due to its ge- prevention of human contact with the hazards of wastes as ographical isolation, border surroundings and dense tribal well as the treatment and proper disposal of sewage waste- population. Hence, district authority still believe in tradition- water. Hazards can be physical, microbiological, biological al CLTS approach to bring ODF under Nirmal Bharat Abhijan. or chemical agents of disease. World Health Organiza- But, huge advertisement of NBA subsidiary approach develops tion (WHO) defines sanitation as group of methods to a negative mind set of vulnerable sections to invest money in collect human excreta and urine as well as communi- this sector and expand a dependency on Govt. support even ty waste waters in a hygienic way, where human and in APL families. community health is not altered. Sanitation methods aim to decrease spreading of diseases by adequate Critical Fund Management process in NBA & MGNREGS schemes waste water, excreta and other waste treatment and creates greater confusion among functionaries in all level that re- proper handling of water and food by restricting the sults non disbursement of fund up to the beneficiaries in grass occurrence of causes of diseases. root level and non submission of Utilization Certificate in