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Development Status of Coal Mining in China

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Development Status of Coal Mining in China Development Status of Coal Mining in China liu xinjie ( [email protected] ) State Key Laboratory of water resource protection and utilization in coal mining https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4339-7207 Li Lianghui China University of Mining and Technology - Beijing Campus Yang yingming State key laboratory of water resource protection and utilization in coal mining Research Keywords: coal mine, production, capacity, price indices Posted Date: February 1st, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-154477/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Development status of coal mining in China LIU Xinjie1, LI-Lianghui2, YANG Yingming1 1. State Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining, China Energy Investment Corporation, Beijing 102209; 2. School of Energy and Mining Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Corresponding author: Guodian 304, Future Science & Technology City, Changping District, Beijing 102211, P. R. China E-mail: [email protected] Abstract As a controllable active resource in China, coal mining is facing the transition from output to quality. Based on the total mining production and average capacity, the current situation and level of coal mining at three scales of mine, city and province is analyzed, data support for the layout of sustainable mining development and the optimization of output is provided. The results show that China's coal is mainly mined by underground mining, accounting for 87%, with an average production capacity of 0.93 million tons. Open-pit mining accounts for 13%, with an average production capacity of 5.73 million tons. So the average production capacity of open pit and un- derground workers is 1.045 million tons, with 1,181 coal mines capacity lower than 0.3 million tons, accounting for 35% of the total coal mines, contributing only 4% to their output. They are distributed in about 48 cities in 6 provinces, seriously restricting the green coal mining. The coal industry should speed up the reduction of small coal mines in key provinces and cities, eliminate outdated production capacity in the central region, increase the speed and proportion of coal resources moving westward, and promote high-quality development of coal mining. Keywords: coal mine; production; capacity; price indices By the end of December 2018, China had 3,373 tion is dominated by underground mines, which ac- fully-licensed coal mines with a total output of 3.53 counts for 87% and open-pit mining for 13%. China billion tons/year, with an average production capacity has about 25 provinces engaged in coal mining, of 1.045 million tons/mine, including 0.93 million mainly concentrated in 165 urban areas, and the min- tons/mine for underground mining and 5.73 million ing level is shown in Fig. 1. tons/mine for open-pit mining[1]. China's coal produc- Fig.1 Coal mining level distribution in China (National Energy Administration Notice No. 2 of 2019) At present, the regional distribution and mining will account for 1 billion to 1.5 billion tons. At the technology level of coal mines in China vary greatly, same time, the proportion of national coal mine safety and advanced and backward exist side by side. There production standardization at the first and second lev- are 41 working faces of 10 million tons in China, in- els will also reach over 70% [2]. cluding 25 underground mines and 16 open-pit mines. In order to discuss the status and level of coal However, there are 1,181 mines with an annual output mining in China in detail, this paper analyzes coal of less than 0.3 million tons (1,176 Wells and 5 open mining from three dimensions: mine, city and prov- pits), accounting for 35% of the total number of coal ince, which provides data support for the proactive mines and only 4% of the total output, showing a se- strategic layout of coal resources in China. rious imbalance between quantity and output. In order 1 Types of coal mining in China to advance the national three-year action plan for the special rectification of work safety, in the next three 1.1 Mining type years, small coal mines with an annual output of less China is the largest coal mining country and is than 0.3 million tons will be disposed of by category turning to high-quality development. Due to national and more efforts will be made to eliminate and close conditions and geographical differences, coal mining them. By 2022, the proportion of large coal mines in is dominated by underground mines, accounting for China will reach more than 70%. At the same time, by 87% and 13 per cent of open-pit mining. China has further improving the level of mechanization, infor- 3,292 underground mines with a total production of mation, automation and intelligence of coal mines, the 3,063 million tons and an average capacity of 0.93 number of intelligent working faces for coal mining million tons per mine. There are 81 open-pit mines, and mining has reached 1,000 from 280 at present, with a total production of 463 million tons and an av- and the production capacity of this part of coal mines erage capacity of 5.73 million tons/mine. The produc- tion capacity of underground mines and open-pit accounting for 36% of the total coal mines, and the mines is shown in Fig. 2. output contribution is only 4.5%. The mainstay of China's coal output is the coal mines with an annual 100 output of over 1 million tons, among which 803 have 13% Open-pit coal mine Underground coal mine an annual output of 1 to 10 million tons, accounting 80 for 24% of the total, and the output contribution is as high as 60%. There are 25 mines with an annual out- 60 86% put of 10 million tons, accounting for less than 1% of 40 87% the total, while the output contribution is 11%. In Percentage terms of the average contribution ratio of production 20 capacity, 10 million tons of mines is 88 times that of 14% mines below 0.3 million tons. It can be seen that the 0 Production Capacity current focus of production capacity reform is to close Fig.2 Proportion of coal mining types coal mines of less than 0.3 million tons, reduce the 1.2 Underground mining number of coal mines of 0.3 to 1 million tons, increase In order to analyze the mining level of under- the number of mines with production capacity of more ground mines in detail, the classified statistical distri- than 1 million tons. bution is shown in Fig. 3 . The interval coordinates are 1.3 Open-pit mining below 0.3 million tons, 0.3-1 million tons, 1-10 mil- Compared with underground mines, open-pit lion tons and above 10 million tons. mines are concentrated in nine provinces, among 1400 which Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and Shanxi account 60 1200 for 95% of the total output of open-pit mines. Coal 50 1000 production of open-pit mines varies widely, with Inner 800 40 Mongolia producing 290 million tons, while Guangxi 600 30 produces only 200, 000 tons. In open-pit mines, the Percentage 400 Number of mines 20 number of medium-capacity mines is large, but the 200 10 number of high-capacity and low-capacity mines is 0 small. On the whole, the output contribution rate of 0 ＜0.3 million 0.3-1 million 1-10 million ≥10 million the open-pit mine with a capacity of over 10 million Fig.3 Overview of underground mine capacity tons is positive, as shown in Fig. 4. There are significant differences in the number 40 70 and production capacity of underground mines in 35 60 China, and there are too many low-yielding coal 30 mines. The production capacity of coal mines is 50 25 mainly concentrated in those with an annual output of 40 20 30 1 million tons or less, and the output percentage is Percentage 15 Number of mines negative, which seriously drags down the coal mining 20 10 level. In the Fig.3, the production capacity with the 10 highest proportion is in the range of 0.3 to 1 million 5 0 tons, and there are about 1,288 of them, accounting ＜0.3 million 0.3-1 million 1-10 million ≥10 million Fig.4 Overview of open pit coal mine capacity for 39% of the total coal mine, while the output con- The production capacity of open-pit mines is tribution is only 24%. Secondly, there are 1,176 coal mainly between 1 million and 10 million tons. There mines with a production capacity of less than 0.3 tons, are 36 such open-pit mines, accounting for 44% of the total and only 30% of the output contribution, which the output contribution is as high as 67%. Based on is lower than the average level. Secondly, there are 24 the comprehensive comparison, it can be seen that the open-pit mines with a production capacity of 0.3 mil- production capacity level of open-pit mines is seri- lion to 1 million tons, accounting for 30% of the total, ously polarized. The negative contribution rate of while the output contribution is only 2.8%, which is open-pit mines with a production capacity of less than seriously lower than the average level. There are 5 10 million tons affects the average mining level. The open-pit mines with a capacity of less than 0.3 million lower the production capacity, the more obvious it is.
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