Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine
THE WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE Volume 58 October 1975 Number 4 A TRINITY OF BRIDGES: The Smithfield Street Bridge Over the Monongahela River at Pittsburgh James D. Van Trump — first river bridge that— over the Monongahela River Pittsburgh'sat what is now Smithfield Street is, historically speaking, three bridges built successively at the same site by a trinity of famous American bridge engineers, Lewis Wernwag, John A. Roebling, and Gustav Lindenthal, all of whom had been born in Germany and thus had learned their technology from that early and famous fountain of engineering. It was America, however, a new and developing country, that gave them the widest scope for their abilities, and Pittsburgh with its great need for bridges was a special beneficiary of their knowledge, as it was a showcase for their talents. This essay is a study, therefore, of the three versions of the bridge erected at Smithfield Street as well as a consideration of the development of the technology of bridge construction during the nineteenth century. From the first settlement at Pittsburgh until 1818, the only means of transportation between the town and the farther banks of the rivers was by canoe or skiff. As the community developed, some kind of ferry service became mandatory, and in 1818 Jones's Ferry operated between the foot of Liberty Street in Pittsburgh to the south bank of the Monongahela. Passengers were carried in skiffs while stock was taken over on flatboats. About 1840 a horse ferry was introduced— in which blind horses, as a rule, were used as motive power they Mr.
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