Primitive Art Bibliographies

The Library The Museum of Primitive Art 15 West 54 Street NewYork,N.Y. 10019

No. DC 1971

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE

PRECOLUMBIAN ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY

OF THE WEST INDIES

by

VALERIE CHEVRETTE c Copyright 19 71 The Museum of Primitive Art Library of Congress Number 7 4-186728 CONTENTS

PREFACE 1

INTRODUCTION 2

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 4

DISCOVERY AND EARLY ACCOUNTS 5

GENERAL 5

THE BAHAMAS AND CAICOS ISLANDS 8

GREATER ANTILLES 8

CUBA 9 JAMAICA 11 THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC AND HAITI 12

PUERTO RICO 13

LESSER ANTILLES 15

VIRGIN ISLANDS 15 SABA AND ST. EUSTACIOUS 15 ST. KITTS AND NEVIS 15 ANTIGUA 15 MONTSERRAT 15 GUADELOUPE 15 DOMINICA 16 MARTINIQUE 16 ST. LUCIA 16 BARBADOS 16 GRENADA AND ST. VINCENT 17

TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 17

SOUTH CARIBBEAN CHAIN 17

NETHERLANDS ANTILLES 17 MARGARITA ISLAND 18

PREFACE

This bibliography began with an interest in the Caribbean aroused by an undergraduate course in the archaeology of South America and the Circum- Caribbean, and was compiled for the purpose of providing a survey of sources on the precolumbian art of the West Indies. The mainland areas of South America, which together with the islands form the Circum-Carib­ bean, have been omitted and certain islands, which are neither archaeo- logically nor culturally part of the West Indies, have been included on a purely geographic basis, so that the bibliography encompasses the Greater Antilles, the Lesser Antilles, Trinidad and Tobago, and various islands off the coast of South America such as those of the Netherlands Antilles.

The sources used for compilation were immediately the bibliographies of the Handbook of South American Indians, v. 4 and the Scientific Survey of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, and then the books available in the Library of the Museum of Primitive Art, the Catalogue of the Library of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University, and the bibliographical citations in each of the sources I obtained from them. Caribbeana 1900-1965; A Topical Bibliography by Lambros Comitas was published in 1968 and offered some archaeological sources, although its contents deal primarily with the post-Columbian Caribbean and areas not included in this bibliography. The greater part of the research was done in the Library of the Research Institute for the Study of Man, and The New York Public Library at 42nd Street and 5th Ave.

Listed first are the primary sources on the area - the first accounts of the Indians by explorers and missionaries. English editions were chosen when possible. Secondary sources, such as accounts of travel, and second-hand accounts of the aborigines published in the sixteenth century and later were omitted due to their repetition of material from the primary sources which it was felt made them of less value. The rest of the bibliography deals direct­ ly with the art and archaeology of the West Indies in general and individual islands in particular. The lack of art-oriented studies in the West Indies, as well as the sheer nature of precolumbian art, necessitates the admixture of art and archaeological sources. Nevertheless, many sources were omitted because they seemingly contributed nothing to the precolumbian art history of the West Indies, this being primarily an art bibliography. Due to the sheer volume of sources on the West Indies , this bibliography is by no means exhaustive and can offer only an introduction to the student of the Caribbean. Certain sources which were not available were included be­ cause it was thought they might be of value. Rather than annotations , these sources are followed by an x.

I would like to thank Professor Muriel Porter Weaver for initially intro­ ducing me to the Caribbean and for advising me on the compilation of the bibliography. Also, I wish to thank Professor Irving Rouse for his kind suggestions and use of his material on the Caribbean, and Mr. Allan Chapman, Librarian of the Museum of Primitive Art for his helpful sugges­ tions and generous advice.

1 INTRODUCTION

The islands of the West Indies form an important geographical link between North and South America, stretching from the mouth of the Amazon River to within 90 miles of the southeast United States and 120 miles of the Yucatan Peninsula. Their proximity to the mainland makes them of crucial interest to the study of the prehistory of the Americas, and the transmission of pre- hispanic art traditions in the New World. At the time of the first contacts with Europeans, there were three main culture groups inhabiting the islands: the Arawak, the Carib, and the Ciboney. Present archaeological and linguistic evidence indicates all three groups filtered into the West Indies from the South American mainland. The Ciboney arrived first. They were then driven back, by the Arawak, who were in turn pushed back by the mi­ grating Carib. The movement of people into the West Indies may have begun as early as 2100 BC, and in the first millenium BC groups with a ceramic tradition began entering the area. When Columbus first encountered the Indians (the first he met were Arawaks) he found people with a sedentary agrarian economy, living in permanent villages, with a social hierarchy and a fairly complex religious life involving various classes of deities. Columbus may himself be considered the first anthropoligist to work in the Caribbean. He kept a journal in which he recorded contacts with and observations of the Indians (no. 3) for the Spanish court. In addition he commissioned Fray Ramon Pane to record the religious beliefs and practices, and folklore of the aborigines of Haiti (no. 8). However, because the aborigines of the islands had not developed their metallurgical skills to the degree of Peruvians, and because they lacked the elaborate architecture of the Mexicans, interest in the West Indies belonged primarily to the missionaries whose interest was in the conversion of the Indians to Christianity. Bartolome de Las Casas went to the Indies as a missionary shortly after their discovery, and while he was there he became concerned with the treatment of the aborigines by the Spanish. He devoted the rest of his life to defending them and representing them in the Spanish court, and his Historia de Las Indias (no. 4) is a classic record of aboriginal culture. Decade de Orbe Novo (no. 1) by Peter Martry is another early source concerning the West Indies. Although it is primarily a history of the New World and the conquest, the work contains accounts of the Indians as told by the various shipmates of Columbus. Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdes was an adventurer who spent a number of years in the Caribbean. He recorded his observations of the West Indies and their inhabitants in his Historia General y Natural de Las Indias (no. 6). These were the first works about the Indians of the Caribbean. Later writings were primarily accounts of travel in the islands and second hand accounts of the aborigines (these are not included for reasons given below). It was not until the very early twentieth century that the West Indies became of interest to archaeologists. Until that time research in the area was done on a purely amateur basis by visitors or Europeans living on the islands who had a mild curiosity in the aboriginal inhabitants. Works such as Rosny's Les Antilles (no. 53) and even the important international exhibition at Madrid celebrating the 400th anniversary of the discovery of the New World (no. 170) presented the antiquities of the area as ethnological curiosities rather than objects of cultural or artistic merit. However, the early 1900's found the United States with many possessions in the Caribbean, and American archae­ ologists began to focus their attention upon the islands. Walter Fewkes, along with Theodoor de Booy and Adolfo de Hostos, was one of the most active in the field producing his classic Aborigines of Puerto Rico (no. 181) and concentrating his interests primarily in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. In 1921 M. R. Harrington published his important work on Cuba for the Heye Foundation (no. 117). Nevertheless, work was being done on a very scattered, specialized level concentrating on the Greater Antilles, and, except for Harrington's work, no attempt was made to treat the West Indies as one cul­ tural area.

During the 1930's archaeological work in the West Indies came almost to a halt, most likely because of lack of funds due to the economic crises and the impending threat of war. However, the Good Neighbor Policy of the 1940's provided an impetus for archaeological work in Latin America so that the Caribbean once more became of interest. A major result, the Handbook of South American Indians (no. 75) , was published by the Bureau of American Ethnology, the first comprehensive archaeological and ethnological study of the Antilles with one entire volume devoted to the Circum-Caribbean area. During this period, too, Irving Rouse began working in the area, concentrating on Puerto Rico and Cuba. He produced the first typological ceramic sequence for the West Indies (no. 54), and since that time has been one of the most active people in the area. But even this concerned primarily the Greater Antilles, and it was not until around 1959 when McKusick wrote his thesis (no. 215) that the Lesser Antilles were treated in any depth. Then in 1961 the Congress for the Study of Precolumbian Cultures in the Lesser Antilles convened on Martinique for the first time and has since held a second and third meeting with a fourth planned in 1971.

At present there is increased interest in the Caribbean, but still nothing to compare with that of the rest of the Americas. There still has been no synthesis of West Indian archaeology outside of the Handbook, and virtually none of the precolumbian art history of the islands. Recent evidence indi­ cates the possibility of prehispanic contacts between the West Indies and the Yucatan Peninsula; ball courts have been found in Puerto Rico, and similarities have been claimed between artifacts of the islands and those of the southeast United States. However, because of the lack of synthesizing work in the area, such deductions cannot be declared conclusive. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

A.A. American Anthropologist.

A. An. American Antiquity.

Int. Cong. Amer. International Congress of Americanists. Proceedings. Int. Cong. Stud. International Congress for the Study of Pre- Columbian Cultures in the Lesser Antilles. Proceedings.

R.A. E. Revista de Arqueologia y Etnologia, Habana DISCOVERY AND EARLY ACCOUNTS GENERAL

ANGHIERA, Pietro Martire d' 10. ALEGRIA, Ricardo E.

1912 De orbe novo. The eight decades of Peter Martyr 1951 "The ball game played by the aborigines of the d'Anqhera; translated from the Latin with notes and Antilles," A. An. , 16: 348-352. introduction, by Francis Augustus McNutt . . . New A description of the ball courts found in the York, G. P. Putnam's Sons. Antilles and the ball game played by the Although published a number of years ago, this aborigines. edition of Anghiera's important work by McNutt is still the standard edition in English. 11. 1951a "El juego de pelota entre los aborigines antillanos," Revista mexicana de estudios COLUMBUS, Christopher antropologicos, 12: 95-102. Spanish translation of Alegria, 1951 (no. 10). 1960 Journal, translated by Cecil Jane. New York, Clarkson N. Potter, Inc. 12. ARROM, Jose Juan The explorer's journal, containing accounts of his observations of the Indians of the West Indies. 1967 "El mundo mitico de los tainos: notas sobre el ser supremo," Colombia. Instituto Carp y COLUMBUS, Fernando Cuervo. Boletin, 1967. A discussion of the Taino 'supreme being' in­ 1959 The life of the Admiral Christopher Columbus by cludes mention of three-pointed stones and his son, Ferdinand. Translated and annotated by their possible religious function. Benjamin Keen. New Brunswick, N. J., Rutgers University Press. 13. BARNETT, (Mme.) A. Columbus' son's biography of his father also in­ cludes the only publication of Ramon Pane's work. 1925 "Les rapports antiques de l'Amerique avec This is a translation of the 1571 edition with l'Oceanie: similitude de quelques figures critical notes. caraibes ou arawaks avec celles des lies Marquises," Societe' des Americanistes , LAS CASAS, Bartolome" Paris , Journal, n. s., 17: 298-300. An attempt to show precolumbian contacts be­ 1965 Historia de las Indias, edicioh de Aqustin Millares tween the West Indies and Oceania by a com­ Carlo y estudio preliminar de Lewis Hanke. Mexico, parison of antiquities and design motifs. Fondo de Cultura Economica. This is the latest edition, in modern Spanish, of 14. BORIGE, L. J. Las Casas' important work with an introduction by Lewis Hanke, noted authority on Las Casas. 1947 "Objets lithiques et petroglyphes des Antilles: a l'origine - a l'arivee de C. Colomb - apres la MORISON, Samuel Eliot conquete," Int. Cong. Amer. , 28th, Paris: [587J -598. 1942 Admiral of the ocean sea: a life of Christopher An examination of stone artifacts, and petroglyphs Columbus. Boston, Little, Brown and Company. from the Antilles. Important selections from Columbus' journal by the noted biographer of the explorer. 15. BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON

OVIEDO Y VALDES, Gonzalo Ferna'ndez 1912 A short guide to the American antiquities in the British Museum. [London.] 1959 Historia general y natural de las Indias. Includes a few pages on the West Indian arti­ Edicio'n y estudio preliminar de Juan Perez facts in the British Museum. Unfortunately, de Tudela Bueso. Madrid, Ediciones Atlas. there are no illustrations. (Biblioteca de autores espanoles.) The modern Spanish edition of Oviedo's in­ 16. BULLEN, Ripley P. dispensable account. 1954 "Some incised pottery from Cuba and Florida," 1959a Natural history of the West Indies, trans­ Florida Anthropologist, 7, 1: 23-25. lated and edited by Sterling A. Stoudemire. Further discussion of the comparison put forth Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina by Rouse of Florida and Antillean incised pottery Press. (University of North Carolina Studies (no. 60). in the Romance Languages and Literatures, no. 32). 17. 1958 "Similarities in pottery decoration from Florida, Frequently mistaken for a summary of Historia Cuba, and the Bahamas," Int. Cong. Amer. , de Las Indias, this is a separate work of 33rd, San Jose: [107] -110. almost equal importance. Brief comparison of the ceramics of Florida, Cuba, and the Bahamas. PANE, Ramon 18. 1967 "Some Arawak ceramic variations between 1959 Treatise on the antiquities of the Indians Grenada, Barbados, St. Lucia, and eastern f of Haiti! which he as one who knows their Trinidad," Int. Cong. Stud. , 2nd., Barbados: language diligently collected by command of 81-86. the Admiral EChristofer Columbus] Ctranslated A discussion of ceramic types on the four by Edward Gaylorde Bourne 3 . In Fernando islands and cross-island comparisons. Columbus. The life of the Admiral Christopher Columbus by his son, Ferdinand ... New 19. 1970 "Are there pre-columbian connections between Brunswick, N. J., Rutgers University Press: Florida and the West Indies: the archaeological 153-169. evidence," Int. Cong. Amer. , 39th, Lima, The original manuscript of Pane's account of Resumenes de Ponencias: 65-66. the folklore and religion of Haiti's aborigines A very brief article suggesting little possibility have been lost, leaving only the Italian transla­ of precolumbian contact between the West tion by Ferdinand in the 1571 edition of his Indies and the North American mainland until biography of his father. This is the standard very late. English translation. 20. CRUXENT, Jose M. and Irving Rouse PETITJEAN-ROGET, M. Jacques 1969 "Early man in the West Indies, Scientific 1961 "Les Cara'ibes vus a travers le dictionnaire du American, 221, 5: 42-52. R. P. Breton/the Caribs as seen through the A presentation of new evidence suggesting dictionary of the Reverend Father Breton," Int. earlier dates for the arrival of man in the Carib­ Cong. Stud. , 1st., Martinique: [l]-68. bean. The geographic divisions used in this A first-hand ethnological account of the bibliography were taken from this article. aborigines of Dominica and Guadeloupe, in­ cluding a description of myths and religious dieties. English and French version. 21. FEWKES, Jesse Walter 31. JOSEPH, Alvin M. Jr.

1902 "Prehistoric Porto Rico, " Science, n.s., 1968 "Indians of Central America and the Caribbean 16: 94-109. area," in Alvin M. Joseph, Jr. The Indian A general survey of archaeological work and heritage of America. New York, Alfred A. finds in Puerto Rico up to 1902. Knopf: 219-233. General description of the aboriginal culture 22. 1912 "A prehistoric island culture area of America," of the West Indies. U. S. Bureau of American Ethnology. Annual Report, 34th: 35-281. 32. JOSSELIN DE JONG, Jan Petrus Benjamin de This is one of the earliest and most important illustrations of material culture of the Antilles. 1924 "A natural prototype of certain three-pointed Includes celts, sherds, stone collars, vessels, stones," Int. Cong. Amer. , 21st, The Hague, and others. pt. 1: 43-45. Concerns three-pointed stones and their 23. 1915 Engraved celts from the Antilles. New York, possible uses. Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation. (Museum of the American Indian, Heye 33. JOYCE, Thomas A. Foundation. Contributions, 2, 2) Discussion of the various forms and possible 1907 "Prehistoric antiquities from the Antilles in the uses of Antillian celts citing specific ex­ British Museum," Royal Anthropological In­ amples from such museums as the Nationalmuseet stitute of Great Britain and Ireland, London. in Copenhagen and the University of Havana, Journal, 37: 402-419, plates 48-56. as well as the Heye Foundation. Discussion of the objects in the British Museum, including stools, collars, three-pointed stones, 24. GOWER, Charlotte D. and a carved pillar from the Virgin~Islands. Joyce here suggests a wooden proto-type forthe 1927 The northern and southern affiliations of stone collars. Antillean culture. American Anthropological Association. (American Anthropological 34. 1916 Central American and West Indian archaeology. Association. Memoirs, 35) London, Philip Lee Warner. A study of precolumbian relations between This general anthropological text mentions the southeast United States and the West various objects such as celts, stools, etc. , Indies. Includes discussions of ceramics, and their part in the aboriginal culture of the stools, celts, ornaments, and dress. West Indies.

25. HABERLAND, Wolfgang 35. LEHMANN, Henri

1964 "Appendix: the West Indies , " in Wolfgang 1951 "Un duho de la civilisation Taino au Musee de Haberland. The Art of North America. 1'Homme," Societe des Americanistes , Paris. New York: 205-210. Journal, n. s., 40: 153-161. Very brief article discussing the art of the Description of a wooden stool in the Musee Caribbean, in particular the Greater Antilles de 1'Homme.

26. HATT, Gudmund 36. LOVEN, Sven

1922 "Den dansk-hollandske arkaeologiske ekspedition 1924 Uber die Wurzeln der tainischen Kultur. vestindien," Geografisk Tidskrift, 26: 236-237. Goteberg, Erlanders Boktryckeri Aktiebolog. A brief discussion of archaeological work done in A very important survey of the archaeology the West Indies with mention of some of the col­ of the West Indies. lections of antiquities. 37. 1935 Origins of the Tainan culture, West Indies. 27. 1941 "Had West Indian rock carvings a religious Goteberg, Erlanders Boktryckeri Aktiebolag. significance? An investigation partly based English translation of Loven, 1924 (no. 36). upon ethno-archaeological material in the ethnographical department of the National 38. MATTIONI, Mario Museum," Copenhagen. Nationalmuseet. Etnografiske samling. In Ethnographical studies, 1967 "Symbolisme de la decoration des poteries published on the occasion of the centenary of Arawak," Int. Cong. , Stud. , 2nd, Barbados: the Ethnographical department, National Museum. 69-80. Copenhagen, Gyldendalske Borghandel, Nordisk An examination of the symbolism of ceramic Forlag. (Nationalmuseets Skrifter. Etnografisk designs from the Antilles. Raekke, I): Cl65D -202. An examination of West Indian petroglyphs, their 39. MEAD, Charles possible meanings and relations to Mexico 1916 "The distribution of an Arawak pendant," in 28. HERRERA FRITOT, Rene' Holmes Anniversary Volume. Anthropological essays presented to William Henry Holmes in 1938 "Revision de las hachas de ceremonia de la honor of his 70th birthday, December 1, 1916 cultura Taina, " Sociedad Cubana de Historia by his friends and colaborers. Washington, Natural "Felipe Poey." Memorias, 12, 1: D. C. , James Wm. Bryan Press: 316-319. 27-70. Discussion of the oval pendant type and its Discusses the forms and designs of various celts. distribution throughout the Antilles.

29. 1940 "Un nuevo dujo taino en las colecciones del Museo 40. MORALES PATINO, Oswaldo Antropologico Montane, de la Universidad de la Habana; descripcion y estudio comparativo," 1947 "Los Mayas de Honduras y los indigenes Revista de Arqueologia, Havana, epoca I, ano 2, antillanos precolombinos," Tzunpame, ano 7, no. 4: 26-31. 6/7: 9-40. A study of a Taino stool in the collection of the Examination of the possibility of continental Museo Antropologico Montane, Havana. American and indoantillian contacts.

30. 1964 Estudio de las hachas Antillanas; creacion de 41. 1952 "La expedicion cienti'fica cubana: Jamaica, indices axiales para las petaloides. La Habana, Haiti, Puerto Rico e Islas Virgenes," R.A.E. , Departamento de Antropologia, Comision Nacional epoca 2, ano 7, 15-16: C93J -202. de la Academia de Ciencias. Summary of an archaeological expedition to A survey of Antillian celts. the islands mentioned, includes a discussion of ceramics. 42. MORLET, J. 52. RIVET, P.

1935 "L'art pre'colombien des Antilles au Musee de 1923 "L'Orfevrerie precolombienne des Antilles, la France d'Outer-Mer," Beaux arts . no. 146 des Guyanes et du Vene'zuela, dans ses rapports (October 18, 1935): 1,3. avec l'orfevrerie et la metallurgie des autres regions americaines , " Societe' des Americanistes, 43. MUSEUM OF THE AMERICAN INDIAN, HEYE FOUNDATION, NEW YORK Paris. Journal, n. s., 15: [183] -213. A study of metallurgie methods in the West Indies 1922 Guide to the collections from the West Indies. and a comparison with other areas of the Americas, New York. (Museum of the American Indian, particularly South America. Heye Foundation, New York. Indian notes and monographs [miscellaneous series, no. 32] ). 53. ROSNY, Lucien de The ceramics in the collection of the Heye Foundation are used to illustrate a general survey 1886 Les Antilles. Paris, Maisonneuve Freres & of the archaeology of the islands. Charles Leclerc Editeurs. (Societe'd'Ethnographie, Paris. Memoires, n. s., 2, 6-7). 44. 1924a "Archaeology of the West Indies," in "West Hall - A description of the islands discovered by Archaeology of Middle America and the West Indies," Columbus and their aboriginal inhabitants. Pri­ Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, marily an ethnographic text. New York. Guide to the Museum; third floor: 5 7-80. New York. (Museum of the American Indian, Heye 54. ROUSE, Irving Foundation, New York. Indian notes and monographs [miscellaneous series] , no. 38). 1940 "Some evidence concerning the origins of West Same article as 1922 (no. 43). Indian pottery-making," A. A. , 42: 49-80. The first ceramic typology for the West Indies, 45. 1924 "West Hall - Archaeology of Middle America and and a discussion of possible North and South the West Indies," Museum of the American Indian, American origins for various types. Heye Foundation, New York. Guide to the Museum; third floor: 9-80. New York. (Museum of the 55. 1946 "Sobre la ceramica de Barrancas , " Acta American Indian, Heye Foundation, New York. Venezolana, Caracas, 1, 4: 463-465. Indian notes and monographs [miscellaneous series] , A comment on Osgood, 1946 (no. 47). no. 38). A guide to the collection of the Heye Foundation 56. 1948 "Alguna evidencia acerca de los origines de la including the West Indian artifacts. alfarena Antilliana , " R.A. E. , epoca 2, ano 3, 6-7: 6-7. 46. OSGOOD, Cornelius Spanish translation of Rouse, 1940 (no. 54).

1942 "Prehistoric contact between South America and the 57. 1948a "The Arawak," inU. S. Bureau of American West Indies," National Academy of Sciences, Ethnology. Handbook of South American Indians, Washington, P. C. Proceedings, 28, 1: 1-4. v. 4; The Circum-Caribbean Tribes, Julian H. Brief comparison of the similarities between Steward, ed. Washington, D. C. , Government Antillean and South American ceramics and a dis­ Printing Office: 507-539. (U. S. Bureau of American cussion of the different culture groups in the Ethnology. Bulletin, 143, 4). Antilles, and the archaeological work done in the A general survey of Arawak archaeology and ethnology, area. includes a discussion of ceramics, dress, religion, and various artifacts. 47. 1946 "Contacto prehistorico entre Sud America y las Antillas," Acta Venezolana, Caracas, 1: 58. 1948b "The Carib," inU. S. Bureau of American [28S]-290. Ethnology. Handbook of South American Indians, This is a Spanish translation of Osgood, 1942 v. 4; The Circum-Caribbean Tribes, Julian H. (no. 46) with an English summary. Steward, ed. Washington, D. C, Government Printing Office: 547-564. (U. S. Bureau of 48. PICHARDO MOYA, Felipe American Ethnology. Bulletin 143, 4). A general description of Carib culture, including 1956 Los aborigenes de las Antillas. Mexico, Fondo a discussion of artifacts. de Cultura Econ6mica. A summary of the main culture groups of the 59. 1948c "The West Indies: 'an introduction," in U. S. Antilles. Bureau of American Ethnology. Handbook of South American Indians, v. 4; The Circum- 49. PINART, Alphonse Louis Caribbean Tribes , Julian H. Steward, Ed. Washington, D. C, Government Printing 1889 Note sur les petroqlyphs et antiquites des Grandes Office: 495-496. (U. S. Bureau of American et Petites Antilles. Heliotype edition, Paris Ethnology. Bulletin, 143,4). (1890) also condensed in U. S. Bureau of American Brief introduction to the section of the Handbook Ethnology. Annual Report, 10; 1888-1890: 136-140. which deals with the archaeology and ethnology A discussion of petroglyphs throughout the Antilles. of the West Indies.

50. QUIRIK, Richard 60. 1949 "The Southeast and the West Indies," in Conference on the Florida Indian and his 1902 "Carib stone implements in the Horniman Museum," Neighbors, Rollins College. The Florida Religuary and Illustrated Archaeologist, n.s., 8: Indian and his neighbors. Papers delivered 169-181. at an anthropological conference held at Presentation of stone axes, three-pointed stones, Rollins College, April 9 and 10, 1949, ed. by and other stone implements from Barbados, St. Vincent, J. W. Griffin. Winter Park, Fla., Inter- and other islands in the Horniman Museum. American Center, Rollins College: 117-137. An examination of the possible relationship 51. RAFN, Carl Christian between the Antilles and the Southeast, includes a discussion of ceramics and artifacts. 1858 Cabinet d'antiquite's americaines a Copenhaque. Copenhague, de l'imprimerie de Thiele. Extrait 61. 1954 "The Circum-Caribbean theory, an archaeological des memoires et de la revue de la Societe' Royale theory," A. A. , 55: 188-200. des Antiquaires du Nord (K. Nordiske oldskrift- A survey of the various ceramic types in the selskab, Copenhagen). Caribbean and the diffusion of culture traits American antiquities including some West Indian to the West Indies. pieces in the Museum in Copenhagen. 62. 1954a "La teoria del circumcaribe sometida a prueba arqueologica," Ciencias Sociales; notas e informaciones, Washington, 5 (no. 25): 24-35. A Spanish translation of Rouse, 1954 (no. 61). 63. ROUSE, Irving (cont'd) THE BAHAMAS AND CAICOS ISLANDS 1961 "The development of pre-columbian art in the West-Indies, part 1," Int. Cong. Stud. , 1st, 76. BOOY, Theodoor de Martinique, pt. 2: [39]-56. A discussion of stone artifacts in the West 1912 "Lucayan remains on the Caicos Islands," A. A. , Indies, mostly from Puerto Rico and the Lesser 14: 81-105. Antilles. Includes a French translation. Part 2 Stone implements, pot sherds, and stone figures not published. from the Caicos Islands.

64. 1963 Final technical report; NSF-G2049: Dating of 77. 1913 "Lucayan artifacts from the Bahamas , " A. A. , Caribbean cultures. New Haven, (mimeographed), 15: 1-7. 19 63. Not published. A description of a wooden paddle, stool, and a "This project was designed to fill out the series stone celt from the Bahamas. of radiocarbon dates for the Caribbean area and, . . to correct an imbalance of dates between the 78. GRANBERRY, Julian South American mainland and the West Indies." 1956 "The cultural position of the Bahamas in Carib­ 65. 1964 "Prehistory in the West Indies," Science, 144, bean archaeology," A. An. , 22: 128-134. 3618: 499-513. Report of ceramic styles and other nonceramic The latest survey of the archaeology of the West artifacts from the Bahamas and their cultural Indies and ceramic and culture sequences. implications.

66. ROUSE, Irving, Jose Cruxent, and John M. Goggin 79. JOYCE, Thomas A.

1956 "Absolute chronology in the Caribbean area," 1919 "Note on a wooden stool from the Island of Int. Cong. Amer. , 32nd, Copenhagen: [5081-515. Eluthera, Bahamas," Man, 19: 1-2. A ceramic sequence for the West Indies and the Very short discussion of a wooden "duho" and mainland Caribbean. one plate showing two different views.

67. RUSSELL, A. D. 80. MASON, O. T.

1926 "Stone collars and elbow stones," Man, 26: 1877 "Jadeite celts from Turk's and Caicos Islands, 213-216. also two low wooden stools," American Description of collars and elbow stones with Naturalist, 11: 626. suggestions as to their purpose. Brief note on objects sent to the National Museum, Washington, D. C. 68. STEVENS, Edward T.

1870 "Stone period of the West Indies," in Edward T. Stevens. Flint Chips, a guide to prehistoric archaeology, as illustrated by the collection in the Blackmore Museum, Salisbury: 223-240. London. A report on stone collars, pestles, and other artifacts GREATER ANTILLES from the Antilles using examples from the collection of the Blackmore Museum, Salisbury, England. 81. BOOY, Theodoor de 69. STEWARD, Julian H. and Louis C. Faron 1916 "Certain similarities in amulets from the 1959 Native peoples of South America. New York, northern Antilles, " in Holmes Anniversary McGraw-Hill. Volume. Anthropological essays presented A summary and brief supplement to the Handbook to William Henry Holmes in honor of his of South American Indians (no. 75). 70th birthday, December 1, 1916 by his friends and colaborers. Washington, D. C, 70. SURO, Dario James Wm. Bryan Press: 24-30. An analyses of various types of amulets from 1950 "El mundo magico tamo: amuletos, espatulas the Greater Antilles. ymajaderas," Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos, 17: 259-264. 82. 1916a Certain West-Indian superstitions pertaining A short discussion of the various forms of Taino to celts . New York, Museum of the American religious art, includes amulets and spatulas. Indian, Heye Foundation, (Museum of the American Indian. Contributions, 2 , 3). Reprinted from the Journal of American Folklore 71. 1952 "Arte Taino," Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos, 28, 107, 1915. 13, 35: 21-26. Short essay of religious beliefs attached to A description of the various forms of Taino celts or 'thunderbolts.' sculpture. 83. FEWKES, Jesse Walter 72. 1966 "Of artists and owls - Taino sculpture," Americas, 18, 3: 21-28. 1903 "Precolumbian West Indian amulets," A. A. , A discussion of Taino non-ceramic art. 5: 679-691. A study of stone amulets mostly from the 73. 1968 "Taino sculpture," Americas, 20, 11-12: Greater Antilles, includes the various types 38- [44] . found on the different islands. A discussion of the religious purposes of Taino sculpture. 84. 1903a "Preliminary report on an archaeological trip to the West Indies," Smithsonian Institution. 74. TAYLOR, Douglas Washington, P. C. Miscellaneous collections (Quarterly issue), 45: 112-133. 1949 "The interpretation of some documentary evidence Report of 1903 excavations in Puerto Rico and on Carib culture ," Southwestern Journal of a discussion of caves, stone artifacts, and Anthropology, 5: 379-392. ceramics from that island and the Dominican Comments on Rouse's presentation of Carib Republic. culture in the Handbook of South American Indians (no. 58).

75. U.S. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

1948 Handbook of South American Indians, v. 4; the Circum-Caribbean tribes, Julian H. Steward , Ed. Washington, D. C, Government Printing Office. (U. S. Bureau of American Ethnology. Bulletin, 143, 4). The first synthesis of archaeological and ethno­ logical work in the Caribbean, this is still the basic source of material for the area. 8 85. FEWKES, Jesse Walter (cont'd) 95. ROUSE, Irving

1905 "Porto Rican stone collars and tripointed 1946 "La arqueologia de las Antillanas Mayores," idols," Smithsonian Institution, Washington. Acta Venezolana, Caracas, 2, 1-4: 36-45. P. C. Miscellaneous collections (Quarterly Brief article distinguishing seven prehistoric issue) , 47, 2: 163-186. culture areas and different periods in the Description of stone collars and three-pointed Greater Antilles and the archaeological remains stones, with a consideration of their possible of each. purpose. This is the most thorough of all de­ scriptions of collars and three-pointed stones. 96. 1951 "Areas and periods of culture in the Greater Antilles ," Southwestern journal of anthropology , 86. HERRERA FRITOT, Rene' 7: 248-265. English translation of Rouse, 1946 (no. 95). 1952 "Arquetipos zoomorifos en las Antillas Mayores, R. A. E. , e'poca 2, ano 7, 15/16: [216]-226. An examination of anthropomorphic designs on lugs, figurines, and other artifacts from the Greater Antilles. CUBA 87. HOSTOS, Adolfo de

1923 "Anthropomorphic carvings from the Greater 97. ALONSO, Orencio Miguel Antilles," A. A. , 25, 4: 525-558. A study of various types of carvings - amulets, 1949 "Discovery of a pre-columbian gold figurine three-pointed stones, and other stone objects in Cuba," A. An. , 15:-340-341. from the Greater Antilles, their characteristics A description of a gold figurine found in Cuba. and the general characteristics of carving from With an illustration. the area. 98. 1952 "El primer idolo de oro pre-colombino encontrado 88. 1923a "Three-pointed stone zemi or idols from the de Cuba," R.A.E. , e'poca 2, ano 7, 13/14: West Indies: an interpretation," A. A. , 25, [158]-165. 1: 56-71. A rewrite of Alonso, 1949 including illustrations An examination of the forms and possible of objects from Central America with which he meanings and purposes of the three-pointed compares the Cuban piece. stones. 99. ALVAREZ CONDE, Jose' 89. 1924 "Antillean fertility idols and primitive ideas of plant fertilization elsewhere," Int. Cong. Amer. , 1956 Arqueologia Indocubana . La Habana, La Junta 21st, The Hague, pt. 1: 247-252. Nacional de Arqueologia y Etnologia. A discussion of three-pointed stones based on General survey of Cuban archaeology with dis­ the theory that they were agricultural fertility cussions of stone, wood, bone, and shell 'fetishes' and a comparison of them with stone industries. agricultural 'fetishes' throughout the world. 100. 1961 Revision indoarqueologica de la provincia de 90. 1926 "Antillean stone collars: some suggestions of Las Villas. La Habana. (Publicaciones de la interpretive value," Royal Anthropological In­ Junta Nacional de Arqueologia y Etnologia, La stitute of Great Britain and Ireland, London. Habana). Journal, 56: 135-142. Archaeological survey of various municipal areas Stone collars, their uses and forms. of Cuba with discussions of ceramics, and various objects found at different sites. 91. 1941 Anthropological papers; based principally on studies of the prehistoric archaeology and 101. BACHILLER Y MORALES, Antonio ethnology of the Greater Antilles. San Juan, Puerto Rico, Government of Puerto Rico, 1883 Cuba primitiva. Origen, lenguas, tradiciones, Office of the Historian. e historia de los indios de las Antillas Mayores A collection of articles by de Hostos concerning y las Lucayas. Havana, Libreria de Miguel de precolumbian artifacts from the West Indies, Villa. primarily the Greater Antilles, previously Primarily a description of the aborigines of the published in journals such as the American Greater Antilles with greatest emphasis on Cuba, Anthropologist. Each of the articles is listed including translation of the part of Pane's treatise in this bibliography. on Haiti which relates to religion and folklore.

92. 1941a "The "duho" and other wooden objects from the 102. BERLIN, Heinrich West Indies," in Adolfo de Hostos. Anthropological papers; based principally on studies of the prehistoric 1940 "Relaciones precolombinas entre Cuba y archaeology and ethnology of the Greater Antilles. Yucatan," Revista Mexicana de Estudios San Juan, Puerto Rico, Office of the Historian: Antropoloqicos, 4: 141-160. 77-84. A comparison of aboriginal culture traits of An analyses of the various types, designs, and Mexico and Cuba and an exploration of pre- motifs of antillian stools. Columbian contacts between the area.

93. 1941b "The pre-historic art of the Antilles; general 103. COSCULLUELA, Juan Antonio considerations," in Adolfo de Hostos. Anthropo­ logical papers; based principally on studies of the 1946 "Sincronismo de las culturas indc—antillanas," prehistoric archaeology and ethnology of the Greater R.A.E. , epoca 2, ano 1, 3: [28] -51. Antilles. San Juan, Puerto Rico, Office of the Discussion of the various aboriginal cultures of Historian: 88-107. Cuba and their artifacts. A general discussion of precolombian art of the West Indies, primarily of the Greater Antilles, from a 104. FEWKES, Jesse Walter paper read at the meeting of the American Anthropo­ logical Association, 1933. 1904 "Prehistoric culture of Cuba, A.A. , 6: 585-598. 94. 1941c "Reptilian art-forms and sympathetic magic in the General discussion of Cuban aboriginal precolumbian Antilles," in Adolfo de Hostos. culture and art. Anthropological papers; based principally on studies of the prehistoric archaeology and ethnology of the 105. FORNAGUERA, Augusto Greater Antilles. San Juan, Puerto Rico, Office of the Historian: 146-173. 1949 "La coleccion Fornaguera , R.A.E. , epoca 2, A presentation of the recurrence and possible meaning ano 3, 6/7: [99] -107. of the reptile motif in Antillean art. An examination of the private collection of Augusto Fornaguera in Cuba. 106. GARCIA CASTANEDA, Jose'A. 119. HERRERA FRITOT, Rene

1938 "Asiento Yayal," Revlsta de arqueologia, 1938 "Informe sobre una exploracion arqueolo'gica a Habana, epoca 1, ano 1, 1: 44-58. Punta del Este, Isla de Pinos, realizada por el Report of the excavation of a site - Yayal - Museo Antropologico Montane'de la Universidad and the artifacts found there, ceramics, hachas, de la Habana," Publicaciones de la Revista de la etc. Universidad de la Habana, 7, 20-21: 25-29. Study of a cave with petroglyphs and other artifacts. 107. 1938a "Pinar del Rio, exploraciones arqueologicas," Revista de Arqueologia, Habana, epoca 1, 120. 1938a "Las pinturas rupestres y el Ajuar ciboney de Punta ano 1, 2: [62] - [73] . del Este, Isla de Pinos," Revista de Arqueologia, Account of archaeological explorations on the Habana, e'poca 1, ano 1, 2: 40-61. western end of Cuba. Oescription of the same Ciboney/Taino site as Herrera Fritot, 1938 (no. 119). 108. 1939 "Asiento de Ochile, " Revista de arqueologia, Habana, e'poca 1, ano 1, 3: [47]-56. 121. 1939 "Discusio'n sobre el posible origen de las Report of a Taino site in Cuba and the artifacts pictograffas de Punta del Este, Isla de Pinos," excavated there. Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural "Felipe Poey". Memorias, 13, 5: 307-314. 109. 1940 "Asiento pesquero, coleccion Garcia Feria," Further discussion of the petroglyphs of the Revista de arqueologia, Habana, e'poca 1, site of Punta del Este on Isla de Pinos. ano 2, 4: 56-60. Site report, includes artifacts in the collection 122. 1942 "Falsificaciones de objetos aborigenes of Garcia Feria. cubanos." Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural "Felipe Poey." Memorias, 16, 1: 110. 1940a "Notas arqueologicas ," Sociedad Cubana de 13-28. Historia Natural "Felipe Poey." Memorias, 14: Account of fraudulent archaeological specimens 407-408. from Cuba with illustrations of the most common Brief study of a rare jar - "olla doble" in the types of copies. Colleccion "Garcia Feria." 123. 1946 "Tres notas para la arqueologia indocubana: 111. 1940b "Notas arqueologicas: burenes marcados con - Asassonajeras - Tres epocas en un litoglifo - dibujos , " Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural notable similitud entre dos pendients , " R.A.E. , "Felipe Poey". Memorias, 14: 253-255. epoca 2, ano 1, no. 1: [37]-51. Cuban stone tools and the designs on them, in A comparison between Cuban ceramics and the Coleccio'n Arqueologica "Garcia Feria." those of Central America; with a discussion of a small carved stone; and comparison of a Cuban 112. 1941 "Asientos tainos localizados en el cacinto de and Dominican pendant. Bani, " Revista de Arqueologia, Habana, epoca 1, ano 3, 5: [18] -22. 124. MORALES PATINO, Oswaldo Brief illustration of objects in the Colleccio'n Arqueologica "Garcia Feria" and of the sites 1948 "Arqueologia cubana: compendio cronologico de where they were found. actividades sobre arqueologia y etnologia durante el ano 1947 en Cuba," R.A.E. , e'poca 2, ano 3, 113. GARCIA VALDES, Pedro 6/7: f5j -36. Summary of archaeological and ethnological field 1930 La civilizacio'n Tama en Pinar del Rio; trabajo de work done by Cubans in the entire Circum-Caribbean ingreso presentado por el Academico Correspondiente for 1947. Dr. Pedro Garcia Valdes. La Habana, Academia de la historia de Cuba. 125. 1948a "Ejemplares u'nicos y ejemplares escasos de la An archqeological survey of the island of Pinar del arqueologia indocubana en el Museo "Guama," al Rio off the coast of Cuba. Segundo Congreso Nacional de Historia 1943," R.A.E. , e'poca 2, ano 3, 6/7: [55]-90. 114. GARCIA Y GRAVE DE PERALTA, Fernando Study of various objects (ceramics, celts, etc.) 1951 "Excursiones arqueologicas," R.A.E., epoca 2, in the Museo "Guama." ano 7, 13/14: 036] -98. Piscussion of various excavations and artifacts 126. 1949 "Arqueologia cubana; resumen de actividades from Cuba, includes ceramics. durante el ano de 1948," R.A.E. , e'poca 2, ano 4, 8/9: [5]-48. 115. 1952 "Excursiones arqueologicas," R.A.E. , e'poca 2, Summary of archaeological work (includes post- ano 7, 15/16: [3l] -92. hispanic studies) done by Cuban archaeologists General survey of ceramics, figurines, and other and meetings and congresses held for the year artifacts from Cuba. 1948. 127. 1949a "La coleccio'n del Sr. Fernando Garcia y Grave 116. GONZALEZ MUNOZ, Antonio and Ignacio Avello de Peralta (Santiago de Cuba) por Oswaldo Morales 1946 "Asiento cantabria, descubrimiento del residuario Patino y Fernando Royo Garcia, " R.A.E. , e'poca de cultura alferera mas occidental de Cuba," 2, ano 4, 8/9: [98j -110. R.A.E. , epoca 2, ano 1, 3: [ill-27. Report on a private collection of stone objects Report of excavation of a site in western Cuba. (hachas, bolas, etc.) and ceramic remains, mostly lugs. 117. HARRINGTON, Mark Raymond 128. 1950 "Arqueologia Cubana - resumen de actividades 1921 Cuba before Columbus. New York, Museum of the durante el ano 1950," R.A.E. , e'poca 2, ano 7, American Indian, Heye Foundation. (Museum of 13/14: [8]-35. the American Indian, Heye Foundation, New York. Summary of archaeological work done by Cuban Indian notes and monographs, 17). archaeologists in 1950. Important archaeological survey of Cuba with a brief survey of the entire Antilles. 129. 1952 "Los complejos o grupos culturales cubanos," R.A.E., epoca 2, ano 7, 15/16: [259] -265. Lists of the cultural complexes and artifacts of 118. 1951 "The idol of the cave," Natural history, 60: Cuba. pl2] -317, 335. Account of an expedition into a cave to find and 130. 1952a "Estudio comparativo del pendiente efigie de oro remove an 'idol' of stone. Includes illustrations encontrado en Banes," R.A.E. , epoca 2, ano 7, of the figure and an interesting bowl and wooden 13/14: [l66]-227. platter from Cuba. A comparative study of the figurine discussed in the Alonso article (nos. 97 and 98) with other gold figurines in the Americas.

10 131. PICHARDO MOYA, Felipe JAMAICA 1949 Cuba precolombina, una texto para maestros v alumnos. Havana, Editorial Libreria Selecta. 140. CUNDALL, Frank Intended for use as a text book, this is a survey of Cuban prehistory with many illustrations of 1894 The story of the life of Columbus and the spatulas, pendants, spindle whorls, axes, sherds, discovery of Jamaica. Kingston. (Institute ceramics, an interesting necklace, and other of Jamaica, Kingston. Journal, 2, 1). objects — also diagrams of aboriginal dwellings. Brief summary of the life of Columbus in­ cludes a lengthy discussion of precolumbian 132. POEY, Andre's Jamaica.

1853 "Cuban antiquities; a brief description of some 141. BOOY, Theodoor de relics found in the island of Cuba," American Ethnological Society, New York. Transactions. 1913 "Certain kitchen-middens in Jamaica," 3l 1: _"183] -202. A.A., 15: 425-434. A description of some pottery lugs, pestles, An examination of sherds and ceramic types cemies and various other artifacts. in Jamaica found by the author on a 1913 survey of the island for the Heye Foundation, 133. RIVERO DE LA CALLE, Manuel and Antonio Nunez Jimenez New York.

1958 Excursiones, arqueologicas a Camaguev. 142. DEWOLF, Marian Santa Clara, Cuba, Universidad Central de Las Villas. 1952 " Excavations in Jamaica ,' A.An. , 18: In two parts: the first discusses pictographs 230-238. in Cerro de Tabague cave: the second part Description and discussion of the various concerns primarily ceramics and some other pottery types of Jamaica includes also a artifacts collected on a hill area called la small mention of Puerto Rico. Loma del Indio de Guamey. 143. DUERDEN, J. E. 134. RODRIGUEZ-FERRER, D. Miguel 1896 "Jamaica wooden images in the British Museum, 1876 Naturaleza y civilizacion de la grandiose isla Institute of Tamaica , Kingston. Journal, 2 , 3: di Cuba. Madrid, Meriser de Manuel G. 303-304. Hernandez. Brief study of three wooden figures in the A two volume study of the aborigines of Cuba. British Museum, London. This is the same account as given in the Appendix to 135. ROUSE, Irving Archaeologia, 1803 (no. 149).

1942 Archaeology of the Maniabon Hills, Cuba, 144. 1897 Aboriginal Indian remains in Jamaica. Kingston. (Yale University Publications in Anthropology, (Institute of Jamaica, Kingston. Journal, 2, 4). 26). New Haven, Yale University. A general discussion of Jamaican archaeology Survey of the archaeology of the Maniabon and artifacts. Hills in Cuba, also includes a history of archaeological research in Cuba. 145. HOWARD, Robert R.

136. ROYO GUARDIA, Fernando 1956 "The archaeology of Jamaica: a preliminary survey," A. An. , 22: 45-59. 1939 "El misterio secular de la cueva de Punta del A history of Jamaican archaeology and a dis­ Este, " Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural cussion of ceramic types from the island with "Felipe Poey." Memorias, 13, 5: 289-305. some mention of stone and wood objects. Account of the same cave studied by Herrera Fritot, 1938, 1938a, 1939 (nos. 119, 120, 146. 1965 "New perspectives on Jamaican archaeology," 121). A. An. , 31: 250-255. A general survey of the archaeology of Jamaica, 137. 1939a "Posible significacion de un ideiograma taino,' about half of which concerns ceramics. Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural "Felipe Poey." Memorias, 13, 1: 13-16, plate 3. 147. LONGLEY, G. C. Study of a design commonly found on ceramics and stone images from Cuba. 1914 "Kitchen-middens of Jamaica," American Museum of Natural History, New York. 138. 1940 "Entierros aborigenes de Cuba," Sociedad Journal, 14: 295-303. Cubana de Historia Natural "Felipe Poey." Report of archaeological work done by Memorias, 14, 1: 39-43. Longley in Jamaica. Discussions of ceramics Discussion of the various types of aboriginal and objects of shell and stone. burials in Cuba. 148. SHERLOCK, Philip M. 139. 1947 "El culto de craneos y los cemies de algodon entre los antillanos precolombianos ," R. A. C . 1939 The aborigines of Jamaica. Kingston, Institute e'poca 2, ano 1, 4-5: 143-160. of Jamaica. A description of a 'skull cult' present in pre- Various sites on the island, including de­ Columbian and present day Cuba including a scriptions of ceramics, celts, shell imple­ brief cross-cultural comparison of such ments, petroglyphs, amulets, and wooden practices and mention of certain objects used images. in the Antilles. 149. [THREE JAMAICA WOODEN IMAGES IN THE BRITISH MUSEUMj APPENDIX"

1803 Archaeologia, or miscellaneous tracts relating to antiquity, 14: 269. Very brief notice of exhibition of three wooden figures in the British Museum. Gives informa­ tion as to the place and circumstances of their discovery.

11 THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC AND HAITI

150. ALBERTI, Narciso 162. HERRERA FRITOT, Rene (cont'd)

1923 Alfareria indigenia Antillas y Centro America. 1952 "Vasos-efigies indigenas de la Republlca Islas de Haiti o Quisquieya. Santo Domingo Oominicana, primera parte. " Memoria del (Panfilia, ano 1, no. 8). V Congreso Historico Municipal Interamericano, X 1: [92]-132. A study of the various types of effigy pots from 151. BOOY, Theodoor de the Pominican Republic - illustrated with pots from the Museo Nacional in Santo Domingo and 1915 "Pottery from certain caves in eastern Santo numerous private collections. Domingo, West Indies," A.A. , 17: 69-97. Description and illustrations of ceramics and 163. HERRERA FRITOT, Rene and Charles Leroy Youmans sherds from the Dominican Republic, brief survey of the archaeology of Saona Island and 1946 La Caleta: joya arqueologica antillana. clay stamps from the Salado caves in Santo Domingo. Exploracion y estudio de un rico yacimiento indiqena dominicano, y comparacion de los 152. 1919 "Santo Domingo kitchen-midden and burial ejemplares con los de Cuba y otros lugares. mound ," Museum of the American Indian, Heye Craneoqrafia, descubiertos. La Habana, los Foundation, New York. Indian notes and mono­ autores. graphs, 1: 101-137. Site report of La Caleta, including sherds and Report of 1916 excavations by de Booy and arti­ ceramics. facts found in association with a burial. 164. HERVE, Georges 153. BOYRIE MOYA, Emilio de 1913 "Inventaire des antiquites indigenes de Saint- 1953 "Un duho de Santo Oomingo en el Museo Domingue (partie Francais), a la veilla de la Brita'nico," El Caribe for April 14: -. revolution," Revue de L'Ecole d'Anthropologie, X 23: 378-391. General description of Haitian artifacts, includes 154. BRAUNHOLTZ, H. J. amulets, lugs, bottles, and a wooden figure.

1951 "The Oldman Collection: ancient AraWak stool," 165. KRIEGER, Herbert W. British Museum Quarterly, XVI, 2: 55. Brief study of a wooden stool from the Dominican 1929 "The aborigines of the ancient island of Republic now in the collection of the British Hispaniola," Smithsonian Institution. Annual Museum. This is a rare specimen in that the Report for 192 9: 473-506. gold inlay is still present. General survey of the archaeology of the Dominican Republic including ceramics, stone 155. DIAZ NIESE, Rafael artifacts, metallurgy, and aboriginal dress.

1945 La alfareria indiqena domenicana. Ciudad 166. 1929a Archaeological and Historical Investigations In Trujillo. Samana, Dominican Republic. Washington, D.C. General survey of the cramics of the Dominican National Museum. (U.S. National Museum. Republic. Bulletin, 147). Report on archaeological work done in the district 156. FEWKES, Jesse Walter of Samana, Dominican Republic in 1928.

1891 "On zemes from Santo Domingo," A.A. , old 167. KRIEGER, Herbert W. (cont'd) series, 4: 167-175, plates 2-4. Comparisons are made between various three- 1931 Aboriginal Indian pottery of the Dominican pointed stones, pestles, and a wooden figure Republic. Washington, D. C, National from the Dominican Republic and particular Museum. (U.S. National Museum. Bulletin, objects in the Latimer collection as described 156). in Mason, 1877 (no. 197). Description of various ceramic forms and designs from the Dominican Republic, in­ 157. 1909 "An Antillean statuette, with notes on West cluding a brief description of clay stamps. Indian religious beliefs , " A.A. , 11: 348-358. Discussion of a stone figure from Hispaniola 168. 1932 "Culture sequences in Haiti," Smithsonian in the collection of the Academy of Natural Institution. Explorations and field work of Sciences. the Smithsonian Institution in 1931: 113-124. Report of an archaeological reconnaissance 158. 1919 "A carved wooden object from Santo Domingo," of Haiti in 1931 by the author. Man, 19: 145-149. Description and analyses of a wooden figure 169. MADRID. EXPOSICIO'N HISTORICO-AMERICANO, 1892 from Santo Domingo, includes the circumstances under which the figure was discovered. 1892 Cataloqo de los obietos que presenta la Republica dominicana a' la Exposicio'n 159. GIGLIOLI, M. H. historico-americana de Madrid. Madrid. [Cover title: Catalogo especial de la 1908 "Interno a due rari cimeli precolombiana dalle Republic dominicana.] Antille, molto probabilmente de San Domingo Catalog of the famous exhibition in Madrid conservati nel Museo Etnografico di Firenze," celebrating the 400th anniversary of the Int. Cong. Amer. , 16th, Wien: 313-320. discovery of America. Unfortunately, there The author suggests affinities between Hawaiian are no illustrations. artifacts and a stool and necklace from the Ethnographic Museum in Florence. 170. MACIMILIEN, Louis

160. HATT, Gudmund 1954 "Considerations sur le precolombien haitien," Formes et Couleurs, 12, 1: [82-88]. 1932 "Notes on the archaeology of Santo Domingo," General study of Arawak art and culture of Copenhagen. Geografish Tidsskrift, 35: 9-17. Haiti. Primarily ceramics and sherds. Discussion of ceramics, ball courts, and other antiquities in the Dominican Republic. 171. PORT AU PRINCE, HAITI. EXPOSITION PRECOLOMBIENNE, 1941 161. HERRERA FRITOT, Rene' 1941 L'Art pre'colombien d'Haiti; catalogue de l'Exposition precolombienne organisee a 1947 "Tres tipos de objetos indo-arqueologicos de l'occasion du Hie Congres des Caraibes: Santo Domingo," R.A.E. , epoca 2, ano 3, 4-5: pre'sente' par Edmond Mangones et Louis [l25]-135. Maximilien. Port-au-Prince, Presses de An examination of metates, hachas, and wooden l'lmprimerie de l'Etat. clubs from the Dominican Republic in the National Catalog of an exhibition of Haitian artifacts, Museum in Santo Domingo. includes stone objects, ceramics, and two smoking pipes. 12 172. RAINEY, Froelich G. 182. FEWKES, Jesse Walter (cont'd)

1936 "A new prehistoric culture in Haiti, " National 1913 "Porto Rican elbow-stones in the Heye Museum, Academy of Sciences, Easton, Penn. Proceedings, with discussion of similar objects," A.A. , 15: 22: 4-8. 435-459. Report of excavations in Fort Liberte Bay, Haiti A comparison and discussion of elbow stones and and other areas. Includes discussion of stone stone collars illustrated by examples from various tools, and ceramics and indications of a pre- collections in Madrid and New York. Also in­ ceramic occupation. cluded is a brief discussion of stone 'batons' and three-pointed stones. 173. ROUSE, Irving 183. 1903 "Prehistoric Porto Rican pictographs, " A.A. , 1941 Culture of Fort Liberte region, Haiti. New 5: 441-467. Haven, Yale University Press. (Yale University A survey of the types, distribution and possible Publications in Anthropology, 24). meanings of pictographs in Puerto Rico. Description of the remains of occupations of three groups of sites in the Fort Liberte'region 184. 1914 "A prehistoric stone collar from Porto Rico," of Haiti, including pendants, beads, ceramics, A.A. , 16: 319-330. and stone sherds. An iconographical study of a stone collar from a private collection. 174. 1939 Prehistory in Haiti; a study in method. New Haven, Yale University Press. (Yale University 185. FRESSETTO, Monica Flaherty Publications in Anthropology, 21). Report of artifacts found in the Fort Liberte' 1959 "A preliminary report on petroglyphs in Puerto region, Haiti, and a brief discussion of ceramic Rico," A. An. , 25: 381-391. types and distribution throughout the immediate "This report is the beginning of a systematic area of the Greater Antilles. study of Puerto Rican and Antillean petroglyphs which is intended to trace stylistic.developments 175. WARDLE, H. Newell through the Antilles to South American points of origin. " 1936 "Taino figurines," Pennsylvania. University. University Museum. Bulletin, 6, 3: 98-99. 186. HAEBERLIN, Herman K. Analyses of three small figurines from Santo Domingo acquired by the Museum. 1917 "Some archaeological work in Porto Rico," A.A. , 19: 214-238. 176. ZERRIES, Ottol Report of the excavation of a ball court and of a cave within the same vicinity, including a dis­ 1970 "Eine ungewohnliche Steinplastik aus Westindien cussion of objects found at both sites. im Bestiz des Munchner Museum fur VSlkerkunde,' Tribus, Zeitschrift fur Ethnoloqie und ihre 187. HOSTOS,-Adolfo de Nachbarwissenschaft, neue Folge, Stuttgart, 19: [117]-118. 1919 "Prehistoric Puerto Rican ceramics," A.A. , 21,4: Short discussion of an anthropomorphic knife in 376-399. the Museum fur Volkerkunde, Munich. An examination of ceramic forms, designs, and motifs from Puerto Rico.

188. 1924 "Notes on the topography of certain wooden PUERTO RICO objects from the West Indies," Int. Cong. Amer. , 21st, The Hague, part 1: 73-75. Another iconographic study, this time of a 177. ALEGRIA, Ricardo E. wooden stool from Puerto Rico.

1965 "On Puerto Rican archaeology," A. An. , 31: 189. 1941 "Coevality of the collar and the elbow-stone," 246-249. in Adolfo de Hostos. Anthropological papers; General survey of Puerto Rican archaeology with based principally on studies of the prehistoric approximately one-half devoted to ceramics. archaeology and ethnology of the Greater Antilles. San Juan, Puerto Rico, Government of Puerto Rico, Office of the Historian: 142-145. 178. COLL Y TOSTE, Cayetano A discussion of the relation between an elbow stone and a stone collar excavated in Puerto 1907 Prehistoria de Puerto-Rico. San Juan, Tip. Rico. Boletin Mercantil. A general account of Puerto Rican archaeology with a description of numerous artifacts. 190. LOTHROP, Samuel Kirkland

179. EKHOLM, Gordon F. 1927 "Two specimens from Puerto Rico," Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, New 1961 "Puerto Rican stone 'collars' as ball-game York. Indian notes and monographs, 4: 323-332. belts," in Samuel K. Lothrop. Essays in A description of a pot and a stone 'bird effigy' Pre-columbian Art and Archaeology. from Puerto Rico, includes a discussion of the Cambridge, Mass. , Harvard University Press: various types of ceramics, decorations, and [356]-371. motifs from the island. An exploration of the relation of stone collars, elbow- stones , three-pointed stones, and the 191. 1928 "A Porto Rican three-pointed stone," Museum ball-game played by the aborigines of Puerto of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, New Rico. York. Indian notes, 5: 154-157. Presentation of a three-pointed stone from 180. FEWKES, Jesse Walter Puerto Rico acquired by the museum.

1903 "The aborigines of Puerto Rico," U.S. Bureau 192. LOTHROP, Samuel Kirkland and R. W. Lothrop of American Ethnology. Annual report, 25th: 1-220. 1927 "Porto Rican collars and elbow stones by S. K. Lothrop and R. W. Lothrop," Man, 27: 185-186. Fewke's classic work on the archaeology of A very brief article concerning Joyce's article Puerto Rico, includes discussions of objects of on the antiquities in the British Museum (no. 33) wood, stone, textiles, basketry, and metallurgy. and one particular Puerto Rican elbow stone from Illustrated by objects in the Smithsonian In­ that collection. stitution in Washington, D. C. 181. 1908 "Further notes on the archaeology of Porto Rico, " A.A. , 10: 624-633. A study of some of the objects in the Smithsonian Institution, including three-pointed stones, an elbow stone, and a "pottery stamp." 13 193. LOTHROP, Samuel Kirkland and R. W. Lothrop (cont'd) 203. ROUSE, Irving

1927a "The use of plaster on Porto Rican stone n.d. Space and time perspective in Puerto Rican carvings," A.A. , 29: 728-739. archaeology, m.s. at Yale University, New A proposal as to the possible use of plaster Haven. by the aborigines of Puerto Rico to coat stone This was published as Rouse's articles in the objects. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico for the National Academy of Sciences. 194. MASON, John Alden 204. 1937 "New evidence pertaining to Puerto Rican pre­ 1915 "Excavation of a new archaeological site in history," National Academy of Sciences, Porto Rico," Int. Cong. Amer. , 19th, Washing­ Easton, Penn. Proceedings, 23: 182-187. ton, D.C.: 220-223. A summary of the 193,7 excavations in Puerto A report of a site excavated in the northwest Rico by the Peabody Museum. Primarily a interior of Puerto Rico, includes ball courts discussion of the ceramics. and petroglyphs. 205. 1941 "An analysis of the artifacts of the 1914-1915 195. 1940 "Painted cave petroglyphs in Puerto Rico," Porto Rican survey," in John Alden Mason. In:. Cong. Amer. , 27th, Lima, 1:[305]-310. A large archaeological site at Capa, Utuado, Petroglyphs examined by the author in 1914 with notes on other Porto Rico sites visited in in Puerto Rico. Accompanied by ink sketches. 1914-1915. Appendix: 273-301. (New York Academy of Sciences. Scientific Survey of 196. 1941 "A large archaeological site at Capa, Utuado, Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 18, 2: 209- with notes on other Porto Rico sites visited in 303). 1914-1915," in New York Academy of Sciences. "One of a series of reports on archaeological Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin research undertaken in Porto Rico during the Islands. New York: 209-303. summers of 1936, 1937, and 1938." A general report of a site at Capa with struc­ tures and ball courts. Included is an appendix 206. 1952 "Porto Rican prehistory: Introduction; by Irving Rouse of artifacts of the entire Excavations in the West and North," in New 1914-1915 survey and excavations by Mason. York Academy of Sciences. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 18, 3: 197. MASON, Otis T. 307-460. Another in the series of reports on the excava­ 1877 "The Latimer collection of antiquities from tions by the Peabody Museum at Yale University, Puerto Rico in the National Museum, at the American Museum of Natural History, and Washington, D.C.," Smithsonian Institution. the University of Puerto Rico. Annual Report for 1876: 372-393. A discussion of a private collection of objects 207. 1952a "Porto Rican prehistory: excavations in the from Puerto Rico given to the National Museum, interior, south and east: chronological implica­ includes ceramics, celts, and stone tools, tions," in New York Academy of Sciences. beads, amulets, and stone collars. Scientific survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 18, 4: 463-578. 198. MONTALVO GUENARD, J. L. Yet another in the series of reports mentioned above, this time dealing with excavations in 1949 "A shell collar from Puerto Rico," A.An. , 15: the interior, south and eastern part of the island. 160-161. 208. 1952b Porto Rican prehistory: the styles, m.s. A discussion of a miniature collar of conch in the Yale Peabody Museum, New Haven. shell. A description of the various ceramic styles from Puerto Rico. 199. MORALES CABRERA, Pablo 209. 1961 "The Bailey collection of stone artifacts 1932 Puerto Rico indiqena; prehistoria y protohistoria de Puerto Rico. San Juan, Puerto Rico, Imprenta from Puerto Rico," in Samuel K. Lothrop. Venezuela. Essays in pre-columbian art and archaeology. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University A general study of the aborigines of Puerto Rico Press: 342-355. with an index containing a summary of each chapter. A study of stone rings, three-pointed stones, pendants, and other stone artifacts given to the John and Mable Ringling Museum in 200. NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Florida. 1940- Scientific survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin 210. SAVILLE, M. H. 19 52 Islands: volume 18, part 1-4, Porto Rican Archaeology. New York. 1926 "The stone 'collars' of Porto Rico," Museum A report on excavations in 1934 under the of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, New Peabody Museum of Yale University, the York. Indian notes, 3: 177-188. American Museum of Natural History, and the University of Puerto Rico. This is not a A survey of the stone collars of Puerto Rico with general survey of Puerto Rican archaeology, but some mention of three-pointed stones. a very specific site report.

201. RAINEY, Froelich G.

1935 "A new prehistoric culture in Puerto Rico," National Academy of Sciences, Easton, Penn. Transactions, 21, 1: 12-16. A general summary of archaeological investiga­ tions in Puerto Rico in 1934, proposing a series of three aboriginal cultures on the island.

202. 1940 "Porto Rican archaeology," New York Academy of Sciences. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 18: 1-208. A report of excavations in 1934-1935 by the Peabody Museum at Yale University, the American Museum of Natural History, and the University of Puerto Rico, discusses the artifacts and cul­ tures found at each site, and gives a general survey of these traits throughout the Caribbean.

14 THE LESSER ANTILLES

211. BULLEN, Ripley P. 222. SKINNER, Alanson

1970 "The Suazey ceramic complex, Carib 1925 "Archaeological specimens from St. Croix, archaeology and new radiocarbon dates for Virgin Islands," Museum of the American the Lesser Antilles," Int. Cong. Amer. . Indian, Heye Foundation, New York. Indian 39th, Lima. Resumenes de Ponencias: notes, 2: 109-115. 64-65. A report on a number of stone and shell ob­ A very brief article delivered at the Congress jects from St. Croix given to the Museum by suggesting new dates for Carib migrations Mrs. H. C. Clark. into the Lesser Antilles.

212. HAGG, William G.

1961 "A comparison of Arawak sites in the Lesser Antilles," Int. Cong. Stud. . 1st, Martinique, pt. 2:[9]-37. A discussion and comparison of the ceramic SABA AND ST. EUSTACIOUS types found during excavations by the author at the site of Grande Anse with those ex­ 223. JOSSELIN DE JONG, J. P. B. de cavated at other sites in the Lesser Antilles. 1947 Archaeological material from Saba and St. 213. 1965 "Pottery typology in certain Lesser Antilles," Eustatius, Lesser Antilles. Leiden, E. J. A. An. , 31: 242-245. Brill. (Leyden. Rijksmuseum voor A very brief article on various ceramic types Volkenkunde. Mededelingen, 1). of the Lesser Antilles. An archaeological survey of the two islands includes discussions of objects of stone, 214. McKUSICK, Marshall coral, and bone as well as ceramics.

1959 The distribution of ceramic styles in the Lesser Antilles, West Indies. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Yale University. Microfilm. A survey of ceramic types of the Lesser Antilles with a section devoted to St. Lucia ceramic ST. KITTS AND NEVIS sequence and its relationship to those of Trinidad and Puerto Rico. 224. BRANCH, C. W.

215. MATTIONI, Mario and Ripley P. Bullen 1907 "Aboriginal antiquities in Saint Kitts and Nevis," A.A. , 9: 315-333. 1969 "A chronological chart for the Lesser Antilles," A study of petroglyphs and sherds, beads, Int. Cong. Stud. , 3rd, Grenada: 1-3. and other objects from St. Kitts and Nevis. The chart is "an attempt to show the sequential Most of the objects discussed are in the cultural chronology of the Lesser Antilles in Guesde Collection. terms of pottery types."

ANTIGUA

THE VIRGIN ISLANDS 225. HOFFMAN, Charles Andrew Jr.

216. BOOY, Theodoor de 1963 Archaeological investigations on Antigua, West Indies. Unpublished Masters thesis, 1917 "Archaeological investigation in the Virgin University of Florida. Islands to solve the riddle of the origin of their An archaeological survey of Antigua includes aborigines," Scientific American Supplement, a discussion of ceramics from the island. 84, 2180: 232-234. A report of excavations in the Virgin Islands by 226. OLSEN, M. Fred the Heye Foundation. 1961 "Report from the Antigua archaeological 217. 1917a "Archaeological notes on the Danish West society; Arawak campsites on Antigua," Int. Indies," Scientific American Supplement, 84, Cong. Stud. , 1st, pt. 2:[94]-106. 2189: 376-377. A discussion of various sites on Antigua and A discussion of petroglyphs on St. John and the artifacts found at each. Congo Cay examined by the same expedition of the Heye Foundation mentioned above.

218. 1919 "Archaeology of the Virgin Islands," Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, New York. Indian notes and monographs, 1: 1-100. MONTSERRAT An examination of ceramics, stone artifacts, and spindle whorls excavated by the author 1916-1917 227. HARRINGTON, Mark Raymond on St. Thomas, St. Croix, and St. John. 1924 "A West Indian gem center," Museum of the 219. BULLEN, Ripley P. American Indian, Heye Foundation, New York. Indian notes, 1: 184-189. 1962 Ceramic periods of St. Thomas and St. John A discussion of lapidary work from Montserrat Islands, Virgin Islands, Orlando William L. in the Museum of the American Indian. Un­ Bryant Foundation. (William L. Bryant Foundation. fortunately there are no illustrations. American Studies Report, 4). This is the first publication of the material excavated by Gudmund Hatt at Krum Bay in 1922 and 1923. Includes a ceramic typology of both islands.

220. HATT, Gudmund GUADELOUPE 1924 "Archaeology of the Virgin Islands," Int. Cong. Amer. , 21st, The Hague, part 1: 29-43. 228. BARBOTIN, Pere Maurice A general archaeological survey of the Virgin Islands. 1969 "Les sites archaeologiques de Marie Galante (Guadeloupe)," Int. Cong. Stud. , 3rd, 221. 1938 "On pottery from the Virgin Islands," Man, Grenada: 27-44. 38: 53. An investigation of numerous sites on A very brief discussion of two pots and six sherds Guadeloupe and the artifacts, primarily from Water Island of the Virgin Islands. ceramics, from them. 15 2 29. FROIDEVAUX, Henri 239. PINCHON, Robert (cont'd)

1920 "La station des Trios-Rivieres (Guadeloupe) 1961 "Les differentes formes de ceramique dans la et ses petroglyphes, " Socie'te'des Ameri­ civilisation Arawak, " Int. Cong. Stud. , 1st, canistes, Paris. Journal, n. s., 12: 127-140. Martinique, pt. 2: 78 -94. An examination of petroglyphs at the site of This is a continuation of Plnchon, 1952 (no. Trois-Rivieres, Guadeloupe. 238), which includes a discussion of the various ceramic types of Martinique. 230. HAMY, E. T. 240. 1961a "Le probleme archeologique a la Martinique - 1902 "Roches graves de la Guadeloupe," Societe' vue d'ensemble/the archaeological problem in des Americanistes, Paris. Journal. 4, n.s.: Martinique," Int. Cong. Stud. , 1st, Martinique: 82-97. [67J-96. • A survey of petroglyphs on Guadeloupe with Pinchon here distinguishes two precolumbian illustrations. cultures on Martinique and discusses the ceramic techniques of each. A discussion in 231. MASON, Otis T. French and English of the paper follows on the last pages and a map of the island is included. 1885 "The Guesde collection of antiquities in Pointe- a-Pitre, Guadeloupe, West Indies," Smith­ sonian Institution. Annual report for 1884: 731-837. Study of a private collection from Guadeloupe given to the Smithsonian Institution, includes ST. LUCIA wooden figures and stools, and stone axes and tools. 241. BULLEN, Adelaide K. and Ripley P. Bullen

1968 "Two stratigraphic tests at the Grand Anse Site, St. Lucia," in C. Jesse, The Amerindians in St. Lucia (Iouanalao). Castries, St. Lucia. Appendix II: 24-33. DOMINICA A discussion of ceramic types excavated at the Grande Anse Site, St. Lucia. 232. EVANS, Clifford 242. 1969 "The Lavoutte site, St. Lucia: a Carib ceremonial center," Int. Cong. Stud. , 3rd, Grenada: 1967 "The lack of archaeology on Dominica," Int. 61-86. Cong. Stud. , 2nd, Barbados: 93-102. A report on the Lavouette site on St. Lucia with A report of an archaeological survey in 1966 a discussion of ceramics and figurines. of Dominica, includes discussion of sherds and ceramic ornamentation. 243. JESSE, C.

1968 The Amerindians in St. Lucia. Castries, St. Lucia, St. Lucia Archaeological and Historical Society. A general discussion of the precolumbian MARTINIQUE inhabitants of St. Lucia with illustrations of celts, pictographs, and other objects. In­ 233. DELAWARDE, J. B. cludes foreword by Irving Rouse.

1937 Prehistoire martiniquaise, les gisements du pre'cheur et du mariqot. Fort-de-France , Imprimerie Officielle. A general archaeological survey of the island. BARBADOS 234. HARCOURT, Raoul d'

1952 "Collections archaeologiques martiniquaises 244. BARTON, G. T. du Muse'e de 1'Homme," Societe des Americanistes, Paris. Journal, n.s., 41: 1953 The prehistory of Barbados. [Bridgetown] , 353 -382. Barbados, Advocate Co. Objects from Martinique in the collection of A general archaeological survey of Barbados the Musee de 1'Homme, Paris, includes mostly with a chapter entitled " Material Culture" ceramics and sherds. dealing with ceramics, figurines, and other artifacts. 235. PETITJEAN-ROGET, Jacques 245. BULLEN, Ripley P. and Adelaide K. Bullen 1967 "Etude d'une horizon Arawak et Proto-Arawak a la Martinique a partir du Miveau II du 1967 "Barbados archaeology: 1966," Int. Cong. Diamant," Int. Cong. Stud. , 2nd, Barbados: Stud. , 2nd, Barbados: 134-144. 61-68. Summary of a 1966 archaeological survey of A study of ceramic horizons on Martinique. Barbados by the Bullens.

236. 1967a "Etude l'un horizon Caraibe a la Martinique a 246. FEWKES, Jesse Walter partir de Niveau III du Diamant," Int. Cong. Stud. , 2nd, Barbados: 125-133. 1915 "Archaeology of Barbados , " National Academy A discussion of ceramic styles from Martinique of Sciences, Washington, D. C. Proceedings, and their distribution on the island. 1: 47-51. An examination of Barbados archaeology from a 237. 1969 "Etude des ensembles reconstitues de la reconnaissance in 1902 by Fewkes, and an Martinique," Int. Cong. Stud. , 3rd, Grenada: attempt "to determine the relation of this 15-26. material to that found on other West Indies." A study of the ceramic sequence of Martinique.

238. PINCHON, Robert

1952 "Introduction a l'archeologie Martiniquaise," Socie'te'des Americanistes, Paris. Journal, n. s. , 41: [305]-352. A general archaeological survey of the island of Martinique, includes discussion of ceramics with illustrations. 16 GRENADA AND ST. VINCENT

247. BRINTON, Daniel G. 258. BULLBROOK, J. A.

1889 "On a petroglyph from the island of St. Vincent," 1953 On the excavation of a shell mound at Palo Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Seco, Trinidad, B.W.I. New Haven, Yale Proceedings for 1889: 417-420. University Press. (Yale University Depart­ A discussion and analyses of a petroglyph found ment of Anthropology, Publications in on St. Vincent. Anthropology, 50). A report of the excavation of a site in Trinidad 248. BULLEN, Ripley P. with a description of sherds and other artifacts of stone and bone. 1964 The archaeology of Grenada, West Indies. Gainesville, University of Florida. (Florida. 259. FEWKES, Jesse Walter University, Gainesville. State Museum. Con­ tributions, Social Sciences, no. 11; 1964). 1914 "Prehistoric objects from a shell heap at Erin A general archaeological survey of the island Bay, Trinidad," A. A. 16: 200-220. with a discussion of ceramics and petroglyphs. A study on objects of wood and bone as well as ceramics excavated in Trinidad. 249. 1964a -*hi«e archaeology of Grenada, West Indies, and the spread of ceramic people in the Antilles, 260. ROUSE, Irving Int. Cong. Amer. , 36th, Spain, 1: 35-439. A revision of Rouse's 1964 article in Science 1947 "Prehistory of Trinidad in relation to adjacent (no. 65) with an archaeological survey of areas," Man, 47: 93-98. Grenada and a discussion of ceramic types in A discussion of four ceramic styles found the Lesser Antilles. during excavations by the author and J. A. Bullbrook in 1946 on Trinidad. 250. 1965 "Archaeological chronology of Grenada," A^ An. , 31: 237-241. 261. 1953 "Indian sites in Trinidad," J. A. Bullbrook. A ceramic sequence of Grenada from a 1962 sur­ Excavations at Palo Seco, Trinidad: Appendix vey of the island. B: 94-111. New Haven. (Yale University Department of Anthropology. Publications in 251. 1969 "The archaeology of Grenada, West Indies, Anthropology, 50). and the spread of ceramic people in the Antilles," A description of various ceramic styles and Int. Cong. Stud. , 3rd, Grenada: 147-152. culture sequences of Trinidad with a discussion A reprint of Bullen 1964 (no. 249). of all sites known on the island as of 1953.

252. BULLEN, Ripley P. and Adelaide K. Bullen 262. SLEIGHT, Frederick W. 1967 "Salvage archaeology at Caliviny Island, Grenada; a problem in typology, Int. Cong. Stud. , 2nd, 1945 "Notes on a find from Trinidad," A. An. , 11: Barbados: 31-46. 260-261. A general survey of the archaeology of Calviny A brief discussion of a vessel from Trinidad. Island includes a discussion of ceramics and other artifacts.

253. HUCKERBY, Thomas THE SOUTH CARIBBEAN CHAIN

1914 "Petroglyphs of Saint Vincent, British West Indies," A. A. , 16: 238-244. A discussion of petroglyphs on Grenada.

254. 1914a "Petroglyphs of Saint Vincent, British West THE NETHERLANDS ANTILLES Indies ," Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, New York. Contributions, 1: 238-244. 263. DU RY, C. J. This is a reprint of Huckerby 1914 (no. 253). 1960 "Studies on the archaeology of the Netherlands 255. 1921 "Petroglyphs of Grenada and a recently dis­ Antilles, I: Notes on the pottery of Aruba, covered petroglyph in St. Vincent," Museum Curacao and Bonaire," Nieuwe West-Indische of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, Gids, 40: 81-102. New York. Indian notes and monographs, 1, A discussion of ceramics from the Netherlands 3: 143-164. Antilles. A discussion of petroglyphs , their locations and possible meaning, on Grenada. 264. DU RY, C. J. and H. R. Van Heekeren

256. KIRBY, Earle 1960 Studies in the archaeology of the Netherlands Antilles: I-HI. Curacao. (Natuurwetens- 1969 "The precolumbian stone monuments of chappelijke Werkgroep Nederlandse Antillen, St. Vincent, West Indies," Int. Cong. Stud. Uitgaven 10). 3rd, Grenada: 114-128. This study is in three parts concerning the non- Petroglyphs and rock carvings on St. Vincent. ceramic artifacts, ceramics, and a preliminary report on field investigations.

265. HARTOG, Jon

1953 Aruba; zoals het was, zoals het werd, [Oranjestad, TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO D. J. de Wit]. Primarily a discussion of Aruba after the conquest with one chapter on the prehistory. 257. BOOY, Theodoor de 266. 1961 Aruba past and present. Oranjestad, D. J. de Wit. 1917 "Certain archaeological investigations in An English translation of Hartog 1953 (no. 265). Trinidad, British West Indies , " A. A. , 18: 471-486. 267. HEEKEREN, H. R. van A report on excavations by the author on the St. Bernard estate on Trinidad, includes a 1960 "Studies on the archaeology of the Netherlands discussion of ceramics found. Antilles; II: A survey of the non-ceramic artifacts of Aruba, Curacao and Bonaire," Nieuwe West- Indische Gids, 40: 103-120. A discussion of beads, spoons, and shell objects from the Netherlands Antilles.

17 268. HEEKEREN, H. R. van (cont'd) MARGARITA ISLAND

1963 "Studies on the archaeology of the Netherlands 272. BOOY, Theodoor de Antilles; III: Pre-historical research on the islands of Curacao, Aruba and Bonaire in 1960," 1916 "La isla de Margarita Venezuela," Boletin de Nieuwe West-Indische Gids, 43: 1-24. la Union Pan-Americano, 43, 1: 32-45. A preliminary report of a four-month program of A general discussion of the island includes field investigations on the Netherlands Antilles. mention of the precolumbian artifacts. 269. JOSSELIN DE JONG, J. P. B. 273. 1916a "Island of Margarita, Venezuela," Pan American Union. Bulletin, 42, 1: 531-546. 1918 "The precolumbian and early postcolumbian X • aboriginal population of Aruba, Curacao, and Bonaire," International Archiv fur Ethnoqraphie, 274. 1961b "Note on the archaeology of Margarita Island, 24: 51-114. Venezuela," Museum of the American Indian, A description of objects found by Father A. J. Heye Foundation, New York. Contributions, 2, van Koolwyk from 1870 to 1886 on the islands. 5: 1-28. An archaeological survey of the island includes 270. LEEMANS, C. discussion of ceramics. 1904 "Altertumer von Curacao, Bonaire und Aruba," 275. CRUXENT, Jose M. BeitrSge zur Anthropologie, Ethnographie und Archaeoloqle Niederk. West-Indiens (Festschrift 1948 "Alfareria tradicional de la isla de Margarita," XIV. Amerikanisten Kongres), S. II nr. 9 , El Aqricultor Venezolano, ano 13: 31. Haarlem, 40: 7-17, pi. VI-VIII. Investigation of ceramics of Margarita Island X including those of present day. 271. PINART, Alphonse Louis

1890 Apercu sur l'llle de'Aruba, ses habitants, ses antiquites, ses petroqlyphes . Heliotype ed. Paris. A discussion of the petroglyphs of Aruba. For an English summary, see Mallery, Garrick. "Picture-writing of the American Indians." U. S. Bureau of American Ethnology. Annual report, no. 10; 1888-1889: 136-190.

18 \