DOCSLIB.ORG

The Revolt of 1857

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Revolt of 1857 KAS - MODERN INDIA TALENT ACADEMY MODERN INDIA | MODULE 1 THE REVOLT OF 1857 The revolt of 1857 started on 10th May when the Company‟s Indian soldiers at Meerut rebelled. The Mutiny spread rapidly in eastern and northern India. This rebellion was a major anti-colonial movement against the aggressive imperialist policies of the British. It was called the Sepoy Mutiny by the British. The introduction of greased cartridges was the immediate cause for the 1857 revolt. The rebels marched towards Delhi, where they were joined by the local infantry and the common people. The rebels captured Delhi and killed many British officers. They declared the Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah as the emperor of India. The revolt then spread to other parts of the country. Lord Canning was the British Governor General during the revolt of 1857. The important centers of the revolt were: Patna, Arrah – Bihar Gwalior - Madhya Pradesh Bharatpur – Rajasthan Roorkee – Uttarakhand Azamgarh, Allahabad, Gorakhpur, Faizabad, Fatehpur, Jhansi, Lucknow, Kanpur, Etawah, Fatehgarh, Shahjahanpur, Agra, Rahilkhand, Mathura, Meerut, Bareily - Uttar Pradesh Delhi CAUSES OF THE REVOLT OF 1857 POLITICAL CAUSES The political causes of the revolt may be traced back to the British policy of expansion through the Doctrine of Lapse, subsidiary alliance and direct annexation. A large number of Indian rulers and chiefs were dislodged, thus arousing fear in the minds of other ruling families who apprehended a similar fate. A large section of the population was alarmed by the rapid spread of Western Civilization in India. SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS CAUSES The abolition of practices like sati and female infanticide, and the legislation legalizing widow remarriage, were considered as threats to the established social practices. 1 KAS - MODERN INDIA TALENT ACADEMY Widows Remarriage Act was introduced by Lord Dalhousie, but it was approved by Lord Canning in 1856. The Hindus saw it as a sequel to the abolition of Sati and took it as a threat to Hinduism. They had an aversion to overseas services, as travel across oceans meant loss of caste for them. But the General Service Enlistment Act of 1856 required sepoys to serve overseas if ordered. This infuriated them. The spread of Christianity and patronage to Christian missionaries and made the people believe that the Government was in collusion with the missionaries to eradicate their religion and convert them to Christianity. DOCTRINE OF LAPSE Doctrine of Lapse introduced by the British denied the legal right of adopted sons of rulers to inherit the property or receive the pension which was granted to them by the British. In this way Lord Dalhousie annexed the Maratha States of Satara (1848), Nagpur, Jhansi, Jaipur, Sambalpur, Bhagat, Udaypur and several other minor kingdoms. On the death of Baji Rao II, the last Peshwa of Maratha Empire, the pension granted to him was abolished and the claim of his adopted son, Nana Sahib, to receive this pension was denied to him. ECONOMIC CAUSES In rural areas, peasants and zamindars resented the heavy taxes on land and the stringent methods of revenue collection followed by the Company. Many among these groups were unable to meet the heavy revenue demands and repay their loans to money lender, eventually losing the lands that they had held for generations. Large number of sepoys were drawn from the peasantry and had family ties in village. So the grievances of the peasants affected them as well. The disruption of the traditional Indian economy and its subordination to the British economy affected the lives of millions of Indians. The economic decline of peasantry and artisans was reflected in 12 major and numerous minor famines from 1770 to 1857. MILITARY CAUSES The Revolt of 1857 started as a sepoy mutiny. It was only later on that other elements of society joined the revolt. Indian sepoys formed more than 87 per cent of the British troops in India. But they were considered inferior to British soldiers. An Indian sepoy was paid less than a European sepoy of the same rank. Besides, an Indian sepoy could not rise to a rank higher than that of a Subedar. IMMEDIATE CAUSE The government decided to replace the old-fashioned musket, „Brown Bags‟ by the „Enfield rifle‟. Page | 2 KAS - MODERN INDIA TALENT ACADEMY The loading process of the Enfield rifle involved bringing the cartridge to the mouth and biting off the top. A rumour spread that the cartridge of the new Enfield rifles were greased with the fat of cows and pigs. Both Hindu and Muslim sepoys refused to use them. The sepoys were now convinced that the introduction of greased cartridges was a deliberate attempt to defile Hindu and Muslim religion and their religious feelings. The name of the Enfield Rifle, one of the major cause for the revolt of 1857, was Pattern 1853 Enfiled or P 1853. William Pritchett developed the Pattern 1853 Enfield in the 1850s. It was issued for the first time in India to the 60th Queens Royal Rifles in Meerut. COURSE OF THE REVOLT OF 1857 On 29th March 1857, at Barrackpore Mangal Pandey a sepoy of the 34th Bengal Native Infantry had refused to use the cartridge and attacked his senior officers. He was hanged to death on 8th April 1857, thus became the first martyr of the revolt of 1857. The news of Mangal Pandey very soon reached other parts of the country. On 9th March, 1857, the sepoys of the 19th Bengal Native Infantry at Behrampur refused to accept the greased cartridges. A court martial was done and the regiment was disarmed. On 23rd March 1857, General George Anson, commander-in-chief in India issued an order suspending the use and firing of the greased cartridges throughout India until a special report is received from Meerut. One more officer Issurl Pandey was hanged on 11th April, 1857 for not helping the British during the rampage. One Paltu Khan was promoted for his active duty towards stopping Mangal Pandey. On 10th May, 1857, 85 soldiers of the 20th and 11th Bengal Infantry and 3rd Indian Light Cavalry mutinied and refused to use the new rifle and were sentenced to 2-10 years imprisonment. The sepoys started an open rebellion, shouted the slogan „Delhi Chalo‟ and proceeded to Delhi to over-throw the British rule and massacred any European that came their way. They entered the Red Fort and proclaimed the aged and powerless Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah II, as the Emperor of India. Col. Ripley was killed at Delhi and the public welcomed the soldiers and supported the revolt. The son of Bahadur Shah II, Mirza Zahiruddin was declared commander in chief, without having any military experience. Page | 3 KAS - MODERN INDIA TALENT ACADEMY Later the command at Delhi was taken by Bakht Khan, the nominal commander in chief of the rebels at Delhi, who later died in the battle in 1859. From Delhi the revolt spread to other places. During May-June, the mutiny turned into a general revolt of the people. In Kanpur, Nana Sahib was declared the Peshwa. His troops were commanded by Tantia Tope and Azimullah Khan. At Lucknow, Begum Hazrat Mahal was assisted by Maulvi Ahmadullah. In Jhansi, Rani Lakshmi Bai and in Arrah, Kunwar Singh led the revolt. Khan Bahadur Khan was the leader in Bareilly. They seized armories and plundered the treasury. They then attacked government buildings – the jail , telegraph office, record room, bungalows – burning all records. Proclamations in Hindi, Urdu and Persian were put up in the cities calling upon the population, both Hindus and Muslims, to unite, rise and exterminate the firangis (meaning foreigners) In the months of May and June, the British had no answer to the actions of the rebels. Individual Britons tried to save their own lives and the lives of their families. British rule, as one British officer noted, “collapsed like a house made of cards‟‟. RETALIATION Before sending out troops to reconquer North India, the British passed a series of laws to help them quell the insurgency. By a number of Acts, passed in May and June 1857, not only was the whole of North India put under martial law but military officers and even ordinary Britons were given the power to try and punish Indians suspected of rebellion. The British used military power on a gigantic scale. To recover their lost prestige they took help of the loyal forces from Punjab. The siege lasted four months and Delhi was finally recaptured under John Nicolson on 10th September 1857. The fighting and losses on both sides were heavy. One reason for this was the fact that rebels from all over North India had come to Delhi to defend the capital. The old Emperor Bahadur Shah along with his two sons was taken prisoner. After a trail he was deported to Rangoon. His sons were shot dead at Delhi without a trial. Awadh was brought under control only in March 1858 after protracted fighting. Many landholders died fighting the British or they escaped into Nepal where they died of illness or starvation. It took another ten months of fighting before the Governor-general, Lord Canning, could proclaim the end of the Mutiny on 8th July 1858. IMPORTANTS PERSONS DURING 1857 REVOLT British Prime Minister : Lord Palmerston Governor General : Lord Canning British Queen : Victoria Commander-in-Chief : George Anson, Colin Campbell (after Anson‟s death) Page | 4 KAS - MODERN INDIA TALENT ACADEMY PROMINENT LEADERS OF THE REVOLT OF 1857 MANGAL PANDEY A sepoy of the 34th Native Infantry stationed at Barrackpore, Mangal Pandey, refused to use the greased cartridges on 29th march 1857 and appealed his comrades to oppose the same.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Atomic Energy Education Society Study Material Class-VIII Subject- History Lesson 05-When People Rebel: 1857 and After Module
    Atomic Energy Education Society Study material Class-VIII Subject- History Lesson 05-When People Rebel: 1857 and After Module- 2/2 Important points The Rebellion Spreads : The British had initially taken the revolt at Meerut quite lightly. But the decision by Bahadur Shah Zafar to support the rebellion had dramatically changed the entire situation. People were emboldened by an alternative possibility. The British were routed from Delhi, and for almost a week there was no uprising. The rebellion in Delhi took almost a week to spread as news over whole of the India. Many regiments mutinied one after another at various places such as Delhi, Kanpur and Lucknow. People of the towns and the villages also rose up in rebellion and rallied around local leaders. Zamindars and chiefs were prepared to establish their authority and fight the British. Nanasaheb Peshwa gathered armed forces and expelled the British garrison in Kanpur. He proclaimed himself the Peshwa. He declared that he was a governor under Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar. Birjis Qadr, the son of Nawab Wajid Ali shah, was proclaimed the new Nawab. He too acknowledged suzerainty of Bahadur Shah Zafar. Begum Hazrat Mahal took an active part in organizing the uprising against the British. In Jhansi, Rani Lakshmibai joined the rebel Sepoys and fought the British along with Tantia Tope. The General of Nana Saheb. Ahmadullah Shah a maulvi from Faizabad prophesied that the rule of the British would come to an end he caught the imagination of the people and raised a huge force of supporters. He came to Lucknow to fight the Britishers.
    [Show full text]
  • (A) Begum Hazrat Mahal
    PARTICIPATION AND POSITION OF WOMEN UPRISING OF 1857: REDEFINITION OF SOCIAL STATUS: THEN AND NOW (i) (ii) Participation and Position of Women Uprising of 1857: Redefinition of Social Status: Then and Now Kirti Narain Historian and Professor, Retd. Principal Jai Hind College, Mumbai. ISO 9001: 2008 CERTIFIED (iii) © Author No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording and/or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. First Edition : 2017 Published by : Mrs. Meena Pandey for Himalaya Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., “Ramdoot”, Dr. Bhalerao Marg, Girgaon, Mumbai - 400 004. Phone: 022-23860170/23863863; Fax: 022-23877178 E-mail: [email protected]; Website: www.himpub.com Branch Offices : New Delhi : “Pooja Apartments”, 4-B, Murari Lal Street, Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi - 110 002. Phone: 011-23270392, 23278631; Fax: 011-23256286 Nagpur : Kundanlal Chandak Industrial Estate, Ghat Road, Nagpur - 440 018. Phone: 0712-2738731, 3296733; Telefax: 0712-2721216 Bengaluru : Plot No. 91-33, 2nd Main Road Seshadripuram, Behind Nataraja Theatre, Bengaluru - 560020. Phone: 08041138821; Mobile: 9379847017, 9379847005 Hyderabad : No. 3-4-184, Lingampally, Besides Raghavendra Swamy Matham, Kachiguda, Hyderabad - 500 027. Phone: 040-27560041, 27550139 Chennai : New-20, Old-59, Thirumalai Pillai Road, T. Nagar, Chennai - 600 017. Mobile: 9380460419 Pune : First Floor, “Laksha” Apartment, No. 527, Mehunpura, Shaniwarpeth (Near Prabhat Theatre), Pune - 411 030. Phone: 020-24496323, 24496333; Mobile: 09370579333 Lucknow : House No 731, Shekhupura Colony, Near B.D. Convent School, Aliganj, Lucknow - 226 022. Phone: 0522-4012353; Mobile: 09307501549 Ahmedabad : 114, “SHAIL”, 1st Floor, Opp.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter-Iii Revolt of 1857 and Muslims
    CHAPTER-III REVOLT OF 1857 AND MUSLIMS Since the time it erupted, all historians have been engaged in the futile exercise of labelling the Uprising of 1857 with some descriptive word or other- such as “mutiny”, “revolt”, “revolution”, “national war”, etc. Anyone starting with a preconceived notion is likely to fall into confusion, and even those who try to be most objective and start, as it were, with a blank sheet are not immune from confusion owing to the elusive nature of the Uprising. Nearly everyone of them is partly right as long as he deals with a particular aspect of the events of 1857 in a particular time or region; but they all go wrong when they begin to generalize. In fact, seen from a particular angle, it was indeed, as the British called it, a mutiny of the sepoys, but when it spread among civilians involving different sections, it assumed the character of a civil rebellion or revolt. And since the aim of the revolt was to overthrow alien rule, we discern in it an unconscious and sudden manifestation of national feeling or sentiment.1 If we regard communal harmony as the essential condition of a national uprising, we could, ignoring other conditions, justly regard 1857 as the year of the first spontaneous national uprising in India. In India the concept of nationalism evolved gradually and passed through various phases. We may, therefore, say that 1857 was the first phase, a beginning, however frail, of nationalism. Strictly it would not be right to think in terms of the European concept of nationalism in the Indian situation.
    [Show full text]
  • WHEN PEOPLE REBEL 1857 and After CH-5 IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES: Sepoy: Soldier
    CLASS-8 (HISTORY) WHEN PEOPLE REBEL 1857 and After CH-5 IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES: Sepoy: Soldier Mutiny: When soldiers together begin to disobey their officers in the army. Firangis: Foreigners, Here, the term has been used for the Englishmen. Ghazis: Religious warriors Paramount: Supreme TIME LINE: 1849 – Governor-General Dalhousie announced that after the death of Bahadur Shah Zafar, the family of the king would be shifted out of the Red Fort and given another place in Delhi to reside in. 1856 – (i) Governor-General Canning decided that Bahadur Shah Zafar would be the last Mughal king and after his death his descendants would be recognised as princes. (ii) The Company passed a new law which stated that every new person who took up employment in the Company’s army had to agree to serve overseas if required. 29 March 1857 – Mangal Pandey, a young soldier, was hanged to death for attacking his officers in Barrackpore. May 1857 -Sepoys mutinied in several places. 10 May 1857 – Sepoys rushed to Delhi from Meerut. September 1857 – Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar along with his wife was sent to prison in Rangoon. October 1858 – A new Act passed by the British Parliament transferred the powers of the East India Company to the British Crown. 1858 – Bahadur Shah Zafar died in Rangoon jail. (A) Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence. 1. In the countryside peasants and zamindars resented the … high taxes and the rigid methods of …revenue….collection. 2. The British passed laws to stop the practice of … Sati … and to encourage the … remarriage.
    [Show full text]
  • Policies and the People a Mutiny Becomes a Popular Rebellion
    CLASS VIII SOCIAL SCIENCE SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER STUDY MATERIAL HISTORY – CHAPTER – 5 “WHEN PEOPLE REBEL 1857 AND AFTER” Policies and the People Nawabs lose their power Nawabs and rajas lost their authority and power since the mid-eighteenth century. In order to protect their interests, many ruling families tried to negotiate with the Company. Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi wanted the Company to recognise her adopted son as the heir to the kingdom after the death of her husband. But, the Company turned down these pleas. Awadh was one of the last territories to be annexed. In 1801, a subsidiary alliance was imposed on Awadh, and in 1856 it was taken over. The Company planned to bring down the Mughal dynasty to an end. In 1849, Governor-General Dalhousie announced that after the death of Bahadur Shah Zafar, his family would be shifted out of the Red Fort and given another place in Delhi to reside in. After Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last Mughal King, none of his descendants would be recognised as kings – they would just be called princes. The peasants and the sepoys Peasants and zamindars from the countryside resented the high taxes and the rigid methods of revenue collection. Many lost their lands as they failed to pay back their loans to the moneylenders. The Indian sepoys who were employees of the Company were unhappy about their pay, allowances and conditions of service. When sepoys were told to go to Burma to fight for the Company via sea route, they refused to go but agreed to go via land route.
    [Show full text]
  • Dictionary of Martyrs India's Freedom Struggle
    DICTIONARY OF MARTYRS INDIA’S FREEDOM STRUGGLE (1857-1947) ii Dictionary of Martyrs: India’s Freedom Struggle (1857-1947) Vol. 2, Part II(L-Z) DICTIONARY OF MARTYRSMARTYRS INDIA’S FREEDOM STRUGGLE (1857-1947) Vol. 2 Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan and Jammu & Kashmir (1857-1947) Part II (L-Z) General Editor Basudev Chatterji Chairman, ICHR Executive Editor Ishrat Alam Research Consultant Amit Kumar Gupta Research and Editorial Team Ashfaque Ali Rajesh Kumar Md. Naushad Ali Kh. Premjit Singh Published by INDIAN COUNCIL OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH in association with MANAK PUBLICATIONS PVT. LTD iv Dictionary of Martyrs: India’s Freedom Struggle (1857-1947) Vol. 2, Part II(L-Z) Project of INDIAN COUNCIL OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH and MINISTRY OF CULTURE, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA First Edition 2013 Published by INDIAN COUNCIL OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH 35, FEROZESHAH ROAD, NEW DELHI - 110 001 in association with MANAK PUBLICATIONS PVT. LTD B-7, Saraswati Complex, Subhash Chowk, Laxmi Nagar, New Delhi 110092 INDIA Phone: 22453894, 22042529 Email: [email protected] [email protected] USA Office 8145 KOLB AVE, ALLEN PARK, M.I. 48101 USA Email: [email protected] All rights reserved © ICHR, 2013 No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. ISBN 978-93-7831-338-7 (Part I) ISBN 978-93-7831-339-4 (Part II) Laser Typeset by TABREZ ALI, Laxmi Nagar, New Delhi Printed in India by Nice Printing Press, New Delhi FROM THE GENERAL EDITOR I have great pleasure in placing before the reading public Part I [A to K] and Part II [L to Z] of Volume 2 of the Dictionary of Martyrs.
    [Show full text]
  • WORKSHEET 2- SELF ASSESSMENT [25 Marks]
    ATOMIC ENERGY EDUCATION SOCIETY LESSON 05-WHEN PEOPLE REBEL: 1857 AND AFTER CLASS-VIII SUBJECT- HISTORY WORKSHEET 2- SELF ASSESSMENT [25 Marks] Name of the student________________________ Roll no._____ Date ______________ I. Fill in the blanks: [5M] 1. Bahadur Shah Zafar died in the _______________ jail in November 1862. 2. The British had regained control of the country by the end of ________. 3. _______ fought a guerrilla war against British with the support of many tribal and peasant leaders. 4. ____________a soldier from Bareilly was a key military leader of the rebellion. 5. The ____________was the personal representative of the crown. II. Tick the correct answer: [5 M] 1. Ahmadullah Shah prophesied that the rule of the British would come to an end soon. ( ) 2. Kunwar Singh an old zamindar from Bihar joined the rebels and fought the British many months. ( ) 3. The British had to fight for two years to suppress the massive forces of the rebellion. ( ) 4. Ruling of India came directly under the British crown after the revolt. ( ) 5. The proportion of Indian soldiers was increased after the revolt. ( ) III. Tick the correct answer: [7 M] 1. Who was the governor-general during the Revolt of 1857? a. Lord Canning b. Lord Irwin c. Lord Lytton d. Lord Willington 2. The company brought reinforcements from a. Madras b. Bombay c. England d. Delhi 3. ____________took an active part in organizing the uprising against the British a. Zeenat Mahal b. Begum Hazrat Mahal c. Mumtaz Mahal pg. 1 4. Delhi was recaptured from the rebel forces in ______________ a.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion and Retribution in the Indian Rebellion of 1857* Carter, Marina; Bates, Crispin
    Religion and retribution in the Indian rebellion of 1857* Carter, Marina; Bates, Crispin Citation Carter, M., & Bates, C. (2009). Religion and retribution in the Indian rebellion of 1857*. Leidschrift|Empire & Resistance. Religious Beliefs Versus The Ruling Power, 24(April), 51-68. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/72756 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) License: Leiden University Non-exclusive license Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/72756 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). Religion and retribution in the Indian rebellion of 1857* Marina Carter and Crispin Bates Fig. 1: 6th May 1858 ‘Conflict with the Ghazees before Bareilly’: ‘Some of the Ghazees came on bravely; and with a determination worthy of a better cause used their kookrees even when upon the bayonets of the Highlanders’.1 In this paper we assess the religious motivations of Muslim rebels in the Indian uprising of 1857, taking into account the subject position of the various actors and the time frame within which both motivations and responses are imagined. What might seem to be a powerful causative reason * Research for this article was conducted with the aid of a grant from the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council for a project entitled 'Mutiny at the Margins: the Indian Uprising of 1857'. The project was conducted in the School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, between September 2006 and August 2008, to coincide with the 150th anniversary of the uprising. For further details see www.casas.ed.ac.uk/mutiny 1 Charles Ball, History of the Indian Mutiny, 2 vols.
    [Show full text]
  • Doctor of Philosophy
    PARTICIPATION OF MUSLIM WOMEN IN THE SOCIO-CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN NORTH INDIA DURING THE 19TH CENTURY THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF Doctor of Philosophy IN HISTORY By SHAMIM BANO UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF PROF. TARIQ AHMAD DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH, INDIA 2015 Dedicated To My Beloved Parents and my Supervisor Tariq Ahmed Dated: 26th October, 2015 Professor of History CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Participation of Muslim Women Socio-Cultural and Educational Activities in North India During 19th Century” is the original work of Ms. Shamim Bano completed under my supervision. The thesis is suitable for submission for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. (Prof. Tariq Ahmed) Supervisor ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all I thank Almighty Allah, the most gracious and merciful, who gave me the gift of impression and insights for the compilation of this work. With a sense of utmost gratitude and indebtedness, I consider my pleasant duty to express my sincere thanks to my supervisor Prof. Tariq Ahmed, who granted me the privilege of working under his guidance and assigned me the topic “Participation of Muslim Women in the Socio-Cultural and Educational Activities During the 19th Century in North India”. He found time to discuss various difficult aspects of the topic and helped me in arranging the collected data in the present shape. Thus, this research work would hardly have been possible without his learned guidance and careful supervision. I do not know how to adequately express my thanks to him.
    [Show full text]
  • “The Bloodiest Record in the Book of Time”
    “THE BLOODIEST RECORD IN THE BOOK OF TIME”: AMY HORNE AND THE INDIAN UPRISING OF 1857, IN FACT AND FICTION Ian Breckon A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of Bath Spa University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The author acknowledges the assistance provided by the Arts and Humanities Research Council and the Indian National Trust for Artistic and Cultural Heritage This copy has been submitted on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement School of Humanities and Cultural Industries, Bath Spa University July 2012 1 Abstract This dissertation comprises a novel and a critical study. It is an exploration of the possible literary and historical representations of the Horne narratives, a collection of documents from the 1857 Indian uprising. Amy Horne, a young woman of mixed European and Indian descent, was a survivor of the massacre at Cawnpore. Converted to Islam and married to an Indian soldier, she spent ten months in captivity with the rebel forces, before returning to British-controlled territory. She subsequently produced several different accounts of her experiences. The critical study is a detailed examination of these narratives, the contexts of their composition and their position within the contemporary historical record. My research, which has included archival reading in India and England, has uncovered both contradictions within the narratives and supporting evidence for their claims. I argue that in order to use such contentious material effectively in fiction, a full recognition of the possibilities of interpretation is vitally important.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion and Retribution in the Indian Rebellion of 1857
    Edinburgh Research Explorer Religion and retribution in the Indian rebellion of 1857 Citation for published version: Bates, C & Carter, MD 2009, 'Religion and retribution in the Indian rebellion of 1857', Leidschrift, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 51-68. Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Published In: Leidschrift General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 02. Oct. 2021 Artikel/Article: Religion and retribution in the Indian rebellion of 1857 Auteur/Author: Crispin Bates; Marina Carter Verschenen in/Appeared in: Leidschrift. Empire and Resistance. Religious beliefs versus the ruling power 24-1 (2009) 51-68 © 2009 Stichting Leidschrift, Leiden, The Netherlands ISSN 0923-9146 Niets uit deze uitgave mag worden No part of this publication may be gereproduceerd en/of vermenig-vuldigd reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, zonder schriftelijke toestemming van de or transmitted, in any form or by any redactie. means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the editorial board.
    [Show full text]
  • History Lesson 5.When People Rebel: 1857 and After
    Grade VIII - History Lesson 5.When People Rebel: 1857 and After Objective Type Questions (1 Mark each) I. Multiple choice questions 1.______________ was the adopted son of PeshwaBajiRao II. (a)RanaPratap (b) Nana Saheb (c) BirjisQadr (d) Tantia Tope 2.In 1801, a subsidiary alliance was imposed on __________________. (a)Jammu (b) Kerala (c) Awadh (d) Bihar 3. __________________ language education was actively promoted during reforms. (a)English (b) Marathi (c) Hindi (d) Gujarati 4. The sepoys of Meerut rode all night of 10 May to reach ___________. (a) Punjab (b) Delhi (c) Kashmir (d) Kerala 5.In Jhansi who joined the rebel sepoys? (a) Rani Lakshmibai (b) Rani Sudhabai (c) Rani Meerabai (d) Rani Avantibai 6.The Governor-General of India, was given the title of (a) President (b) Viceroy (c) Prime Minister (d) Vice President 7.The last Mughal king was (a) Babur (b) Aurangzeb (c) Akbar (d) Bahadur Shah Zafar 1.(b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (b) 7. (d) 1 Created by Pinkz II. Multiple choice questions 1. The new law passed in 1850 made a. conversion into Christianity easier b. people of India Christians c. the life of the Indians difficult d. none of the above 2. The Revolt of 1857 began from a. Lucknow b. Kanpur c. Awadh d. Meerut 3. MangalPandey, a young soldier, was hanged to death for a. killing an Englishman b. attacking his officers in Barrackpore c. telling lies d. attacking English factories 4. The Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar died in a. the Rangoon jail b.
    [Show full text]