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326226132.Pdf View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación 17 Vegetación y flora de la Sierra de Cazorla Francisco Gómez Mercado Leioa, 2011 La versión original de este trabajo constituyó mi tesis doctoral, realizada en el Dpto. de Biología Vegetal de la Universidad de Granada bajo la dirección de Francisco Valle Tendero. Fue defendida el 5 de junio de 1989. En los siguientes años publiqué algunas novedades florísticas y fitosociológicas, pero la publicación de la obra completa se pospuso, tanto por la dificultad de editar un mapa de gran formato con una memoria tan extensa, como por las distintas prioridades de la vida, hasta que llegó a parecer improcedente. Siempre me pareció una lástima que un trabajo realizado con tanta ilusión quedara en el olvido, pero el momento había pasado. Muchos años después, comentando esto en una tertulia de sobremesa con Javier Loidi, coincidió conmigo en que valía la pena publicar estas viejas tesis que suelen encerrar mucha información, pero son difícilmente consultables, y me animó a emprender la tarea, brindándome la posibilidad de hacerlo en Guineana. Al calor de la situación asumí el compromiso y llegado el momento recibí su mensaje recordándomelo. Había pues que emprender la tarea. Aunque no he hecho nuevas prospecciones de campo, sí he revisado la sintaxonomía y el catálogo florístico, así como la cartografía, utilizando ortoimágenes de satélite recientes y digitalizando el mapa. Aquí está el resultado. A Isabel, que ya me acompañó en las tareas de campo y aún me sigue tolerando. Almería, 7 de junio de 2011 RESUMEN Gómez Mercado, F. 2011. Vegetación y flora de la Sierra de Cazorla. Guineana 17: 1-481. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología. Universidad de Almería. E-04120-La Cañada (Almería). E-mail: [email protected] El área de trabajo que hemos denominado Sierra de Cazorla es un territorio de 47.130 ha situado al sur del Parque Natural de las Sierras de Cazorla, Segura y las Villas, en la provincia de Jaén. Incluye fundamentalmente los macizos conocidos como Sierra de Cazorla y Sierra del Pozo, así como la Sierra de la Cabrilla, Sierra de las Empanadas y la vertiente occidental de la Sierra de Castril. El rango altitudinal se sitúa entre 590 y 2106 m. Como introducción se hace una descripción de los factores del medio físico (geografía, geología, edafología, bioclimatología y factores antropozoógenos) como base para establecer la dinámica vegetal. El bioclima es mediterráneo pluvioestacional oceánico, se han reconocido tres termotipos (meso, supra y oromediterráneo) y tres ombrotipos (seco, subhúmedo y húmedo). La mayor parte del territorio pertenece al subsector Cazorlense (sector Subbético de la provincia Bética), pero también se han incluido pequeñas zonas marginales del sector Hispalense y Guadiciano-Bacense. Se estudia la vegetación desde un punto de vista fitosociológico, estableciendo el catálogo sintaxonómico en 86 asociaciones o comunidades vegetales pertenecientes a 30 clases fitosociológicas. De ellas se describen tres nuevas asociaciones y una subasociación. Se describen 10 series y subseries (faciaciones) de vegetación que se delimitan cartográficamente, además se describe la geoserie riparia no representada en la cartografía. El ámbito de cada una de estas series se compartimenta en unidades fisionómicas o estados de degradación, para establecer el mapa de vegetación actual, que presenta 253 polígonos agrupados en 46 unidades de vegetación. Para cada una se comenta su localización, factores ambientales que la determinan, fisionomía y composición florística, sinfitosociología y su dinámica y significado ecológico. Por último se aborda el catálogo florístico que tiene 1.815 entradas, de las que 115 son familias. Así pues se comentan 1.700 especies o subespecies, de las que otras 110 son exclusiones, quedando por tanto el catálogo de especies o subespecies en 1.590 táxones. Para cada taxon se aporta además del nombre correcto y las sinonimias más importantes, una estimación sobre su abundancia relativa en la zona, comportamiento ecológico y encuadre fitosociológico. Por último se aporta la referencia de los pliegos herborizados. ABSTRACT Gómez Mercado, F. 2011. Vegetation and Flora of the Sierra de Cazorla. Guineana 17: 1-481. Department of Plant Biology and Ecology. University of Almería. E-04120-La Cañada (Almería, Spain) E-mail: [email protected] Our study area, the Sierra de Cazorla, is a territory of 47,130 ha located in the southern part of the Natural Park of the Sierras de Cazorla, Segura y las Villas, in the province of Jaén. Basically the area comprises the mountain ranges of Sierra de Cazorla, Sierra del Pozo, Sierra de la Cabrilla, Sierra de las Empanadas and the western flank of the Sierra del Castril. The altitudinal range goes from 590 to 2,106 m. In order to describe the vegetation dynamics we deal first with the physical profile of the environment, i.e. the geography, geology, pedology, and bioclimatology, together with the anthropic factors. The bioclimate is mediterranean, pluvioseasonal and oceanic. Three thermotypes (meso-, supra- and oromediterranean) and three ombrotypes (dry, subhumid and humid) have been identified. Most of the territory belongs to the Cazorlensean Subsector (in the Subbetic Sector of the Betic Province), but it also includes small borderline zones of the Hispalensean Sector and Guadician-Bacensean Sector. The vegetation is studied from a phytosociological point of view. The syntaxonomical catalogue comprises 86 plant associations or communities belonging to 30 phytosociological classes, of which three new associations and one new subassociation are described for the first time. We also describe and depict 10 vegetation series and subseries (faciations) cartographically. The riparian geoseries, not represented on the maps, are also described. To plot the current vegetation map, which presents 253 polygons grouped into 46 types of legend, the area covered by each of these series is arranged into units, i.e. physiognomical degradation states. We provide the location, defining environmental factors, physiognomy, floristic composition, symphytosociology and ecological dynamics and significance of each of these units. Finally, we focus on the floristic catalogue, which has 1,815 items, 115 of them corresponding to families. We comment on 1,700 species or subspecies, of which another 110 are exclusions. Consequently, the number of taxa in the species catalogue reaches 1,590. For each taxon we provide not only the correct name and main synonyms, but also an estimate of its relative abundance in the area, environmental behaviour and phytosociological position (with the reference of the herbarium sheets). 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................9 2. EL MEDIO FÍSICO........................................................................................13 2.1. Geografía ..............................................................................................13 2.1.1. Situación y límites ..................................................................13 2.1.2. Topografía y relieve ................................................................14 2.2. Geología................................................................................................16 2.3. Edafología.............................................................................................19 2.4. Factores antropozoógenos.....................................................................24 2.5. Bioclimatología.....................................................................................28 2.6. Biogeografía..........................................................................................36 3. FITOSOCIOLOGÍA .......................................................................................39 3.1. Esquema sintaxonómico .......................................................................40 3.2. Descripción de las comunidades...........................................................51 Isoeto-Nanojuncetea .........................................................................51 Phragmito-Magnocaricetea ..............................................................51 Adiantetea .........................................................................................59 Asplenietea trichomanis....................................................................61 Parietarietea .....................................................................................66 Petrocoptido pyrenaicae-Sarcocapnetea enneaphyllae....................66 Phagnalo-Rumicetea indurati...........................................................68 Thlaspietea rotundifolii.....................................................................72 Artemisietea vulgaris ........................................................................75 Pegano-Salsoletea.............................................................................78 Polygono-Poetea annuae ..................................................................81 Stellarietea mediae............................................................................82 Galio-Urticetea .................................................................................96 Cardamino hirsutae-Geranietea purpurei ........................................99 Trifolio-Geranietea .........................................................................101 Tuberarietea guttatae......................................................................104
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