OPAG Findings Fall 2020R
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An Impacting Descent Probe for Europa and the Other Galilean Moons of Jupiter
An Impacting Descent Probe for Europa and the other Galilean Moons of Jupiter P. Wurz1,*, D. Lasi1, N. Thomas1, D. Piazza1, A. Galli1, M. Jutzi1, S. Barabash2, M. Wieser2, W. Magnes3, H. Lammer3, U. Auster4, L.I. Gurvits5,6, and W. Hajdas7 1) Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, 2) Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden, 3) Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria, 4) Institut f. Geophysik u. Extraterrestrische Physik, Technische Universität, Braunschweig, Germany, 5) Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC, Dwingelo, The Netherlands, 6) Department of Astrodynamics and Space Missions, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands 7) Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland. *) Corresponding author, [email protected], Tel.: +41 31 631 44 26, FAX: +41 31 631 44 05 1 Abstract We present a study of an impacting descent probe that increases the science return of spacecraft orbiting or passing an atmosphere-less planetary bodies of the solar system, such as the Galilean moons of Jupiter. The descent probe is a carry-on small spacecraft (< 100 kg), to be deployed by the mother spacecraft, that brings itself onto a collisional trajectory with the targeted planetary body in a simple manner. A possible science payload includes instruments for surface imaging, characterisation of the neutral exosphere, and magnetic field and plasma measurement near the target body down to very low-altitudes (~1 km), during the probe’s fast (~km/s) descent to the surface until impact. The science goals and the concept of operation are discussed with particular reference to Europa, including options for flying through water plumes and after-impact retrieval of very-low altitude science data. -
PDS Mission Interface for Europa Mission Status of Planning for Data Archiving
PDS Mission Interface for Europa Mission Status of Planning for Data Archiving CARTOGRAPHY AND IMAGING SCIENCES (“Imaging”) NODE PDS Lead Node Lisa Gaddis (USGS, Astrogeology) August 2016 Overview Common goals PDS4 Archiving roles, responsibilities EM archiving deliverables Data and Archive Working Group (DAWG) Archiving assignments Archiving activities to date Archiving schedule Current archiving activities Where we are now August 2016 2 Common Goals The PDS and Europa Mission (EM) will work together to ensure that we Organize, document and format EM digital planetary data in a standardized manner Collect complete, well-documented, peer-reviewed planetary data into archives Make planetary data available and useful to the science community ○ Provide online data delivery tools & services Ensure the long-term preservation and usability of the data August 2016 3 PDS4 The new PDS, an integrated data system to improve access ○ Required for all missions (e.g., used by LADEE, MAVEN) A re-architected, modern, online data system ○ Data are organized into bundles Includes all data for a particular instrument (e.g., PDF/A documents) ○ Bundles have collections Grouped files with a similar origin (e.g., Document Collection) Improves efficiency of ingestion and distribution of data ○ Uses Extensible Markup Language (XML) and standard data format templates ○ Self-consistent information model & software system ○ Information for Data Providers https://pds.nasa.gov/pds4/about ○ PDS4 Concepts Document https://pds.nasa.gov/pds4/doc/concepts/Concepts_150909.pdf -
Using the Galileo Solid-State Imaging Instrument As a Sensor of Jovian
Using the Galileo Solid-State Imaging Instrument as a Sensor of Jovian Energetic Electrons Ashley Carlton1, Maria de Soria-Santacruz Pich2, Insoo Jun2, Wousik Kim2, and Kerri Cahoy1 1Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA (e-mail: [email protected]) 2Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91109, USA respectively. For the most part, information about the Jovian I. INTRODUCTION environment comes from the Galileo spacecraft Energetic Harsh radiation in the form of ionized, highly energetic Particle Detector (EPD) [Williams et al., 1992] (in Jovian particles is part of the space environment and can affect orbit from December 1995 to September 2003), which had a spacecraft. These particles not only sweep through the solar nearly equatorial orbit. Juno, a NASA spacecraft that entered system in the solar wind and flares and are ejected from Jovian orbit in July 2016, and Europa Clipper, a NASA galactic and extra-galactic supernovae, but also are trapped as mission planned for the 2020s, do not carry instruments belts in planetary magnetic fields. Jupiter’s magnetosphere is capable of measuring high-energy (>1 MeV) electrons. Juno is the largest and strongest of a planet in the solar system. in a polar orbit; Europa Clipper is planned to be in a highly Similar to Earth, Jupiter is roughly a magnetic dipole with a elliptical Jovian orbit, flying-by Jupiter’s moon, Europa, in tilt of ~11° [Khurana et al., 2004]. Jupiter’s magnetic field each orbit. strength is an order of magnitude larger than Earth, and its We develop a technique to extract the high-energy magnetic moment is roughly 18,000 times larger [Bagenal et electron environment using scientific imager data. -
IMPLEMENTATION of TRIDENT: a DISCOVERY-CLASS MISSION to TRITON. K. L. Mitchell1 , L. M. Prockter2, W. E. Frazier1, W. D. Smythe1, B
50th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 2019 (LPI Contrib. No. 2132) 3200.pdf IMPLEMENTATION OF TRIDENT: A DISCOVERY-CLASS MISSION TO TRITON. K. L. Mitchell1 , L. M. Prockter2, W. E. Frazier1, W. D. Smythe1, B. M. Sutin1, D. A. Bearden1, and the Trident Team. 1Jet Propulsion Laboratory ([email protected]), Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, United States, 2Lunar and Planetary Insti- tute/USRA, Houston, TX, United States. Overview: Trident is an exciting mission concept to Why Now?: By launching during 2026, Trident investigate Neptune’s large moon Triton, an exotic can- takes advantage of a rare, efficient gravity-assist align- didate ocean world at 30 AU (Prockter et al., this meet- ment, to capitalize on a narrow – but closing – observa- ing). The concept is responsive to recommendations of tional window that enables assessment of changes in the recent NASA Roadmap to Ocean Worlds study Triton’s plume activity and surface characteristics since (Hendrix et al., 2019), and to the 2013 Planetary Deca- Voyager 2’s encounter one Neptune-Triton season ago. dal Survey’s habitability and workings themes (Squyres Conclusion: This mission design allows Trident to et al., 2011). A rare, low Δv trajectory (Fig. 1) enables accomplish a scientifically rich yet radically cost-effec- an MMRTG-powered spacecraft fitting under the Dis- tive investigation of an unusual icy world, dramatically covery cost cap. The spacecraft has a robust design and expanding the horizons of NASA’s Discovery Program. uses high heritage instruments (table 1) with minimal References: [1] Prockter L. M. et al. (2019) LPS L, development costs. -
Europa Clipper Mission: Preliminary Design Report
Europa Clipper Mission: Preliminary Design Report Todd Bayer, Molly Bittner, Brent Buffington, Karen Kirby, Nori Laslo Gregory Dubos, Eric Ferguson, Ian Harris, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Maddalena Jackson, Gene Lee, Kari Lewis, Jason Laboratory 11100 Johns Hopkins Road Laurel, Kastner, Ron Morillo, Ramiro Perez, Mana MD 20723-6099 Salami, Joel Signorelli, Oleg Sindiy, Brett Smith, [email protected] Melissa Soriano Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Dr. Pasadena, CA 91109 818-354-4605 [email protected] Abstract—Europa, the fourth largest moon of Jupiter, is 1. INTRODUCTION believed to be one of the best places in the solar system to look for extant life beyond Earth. Exploring Europa to investigate its Europa’s subsurface ocean is a particularly intriguing target habitability is the goal of the Europa Clipper mission. for scientific exploration and the hunt for life beyond Earth. The 2011 Planetary Decadal Survey, Vision and Voyages, The Europa Clipper mission envisions sending a flight system, states: “Because of this ocean’s potential suitability for life, consisting of a spacecraft equipped with a payload of NASA- Europa is one of the most important targets in all of planetary selected scientific instruments, to execute numerous flybys of Europa while in Jupiter orbit. A key challenge is that the flight science” [1]. Investigation of Europa’s habitability is system must survive and operate in the intense Jovian radiation intimately tied to understanding the three “ingredients” for environment, which is especially harsh at Europa. life: liquid water, chemistry, and energy. The Europa Clipper mission would investigate these ingredients by The spacecraft is planned for launch no earlier than June 2023, comprehensively exploring Europa’s ice shell and liquid from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, USA, on a NASA supplied ocean interface, surface geology and surface composition to launch vehicle. -
March 21–25, 2016
FORTY-SEVENTH LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE CONFERENCE PROGRAM OF TECHNICAL SESSIONS MARCH 21–25, 2016 The Woodlands Waterway Marriott Hotel and Convention Center The Woodlands, Texas INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT Universities Space Research Association Lunar and Planetary Institute National Aeronautics and Space Administration CONFERENCE CO-CHAIRS Stephen Mackwell, Lunar and Planetary Institute Eileen Stansbery, NASA Johnson Space Center PROGRAM COMMITTEE CHAIRS David Draper, NASA Johnson Space Center Walter Kiefer, Lunar and Planetary Institute PROGRAM COMMITTEE P. Doug Archer, NASA Johnson Space Center Nicolas LeCorvec, Lunar and Planetary Institute Katherine Bermingham, University of Maryland Yo Matsubara, Smithsonian Institute Janice Bishop, SETI and NASA Ames Research Center Francis McCubbin, NASA Johnson Space Center Jeremy Boyce, University of California, Los Angeles Andrew Needham, Carnegie Institution of Washington Lisa Danielson, NASA Johnson Space Center Lan-Anh Nguyen, NASA Johnson Space Center Deepak Dhingra, University of Idaho Paul Niles, NASA Johnson Space Center Stephen Elardo, Carnegie Institution of Washington Dorothy Oehler, NASA Johnson Space Center Marc Fries, NASA Johnson Space Center D. Alex Patthoff, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Cyrena Goodrich, Lunar and Planetary Institute Elizabeth Rampe, Aerodyne Industries, Jacobs JETS at John Gruener, NASA Johnson Space Center NASA Johnson Space Center Justin Hagerty, U.S. Geological Survey Carol Raymond, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Lindsay Hays, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Paul Schenk, -
Operating Segments
OPERATING SEGMENTS Commercial Aircraft OEM Defense $ 399.6 M $ 183.6 M Commercial Business Aircraft Jets Aftermarket $ 38.6 M $ 113.1 M Military Military Aircraft Space Aircraft Aftermarket $ 182.5 M OEM $ 199.6 M $ 312.8 M FY 2016 SALES FY 2016 SALES $1,063.7 M $366.1 M AIRCRAFT CONTROLS SPACE AND DEFENSE • State-of-the-art technology in flight controls, engine controls, door drive controls, active • Multi-tier provider capable of components, systems and prime level integration vibration controls and engineered components • Thrust vector control actuation systems, avionics, propulsion controls and structures for • Complete flight control system design and integration capability missiles and launch vehicles • World-class manufacturing facilities and skilled, experienced, team-based workforce • Liquid rocket engines, tanks, chemical and electric propulsion systems, subsystems • Focused, highly-responsive global aftermarket support organization and components for spacecraft and launch vehicles • Satellite integrated avionics, solar array drives, antenna pointing mechanisms and Military Aircraft: vibration isolation systems • F-35, F-15, F/A-18E/F, EA-18G, F-16, KC-46, A400M, Korea T-50, C-27J, C-295, • Fin actuation systems, divert and attitude control components for missiles and CN-235, Eurofighter-Typhoon, JAS 39, India LCA, Japan XC-2, XP-1, Hawk AJT, M346 interceptors Commercial Airplanes: • Weapon Stores Management Systems (SMS) for the deployment of missiles, guns and rockets • Boeing 737, 747, 767, 777, 787 • Motion control systems -
IAC-17-F1.2.3 Page 1 of 23 IAC-17-C1.7.8 EVOLUTION OF
68th International Astronautical Congress (IAC), Adelaide, Australia, 25-29 September 2017. Copyright © 2017 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. IAC-17-C1.7.8 EVOLUTION OF TRAJECTORY DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ON NASA’S PLANNED EUROPA CLIPPER MISSION Brent Buffingtona*, Try Lamb, Stefano Campagnolab, Jan Ludwinskic, Eric Fergusonc, Ben Bradleyc a Europa Clipper Mission Design Manager, Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109-8099, [email protected] b Mission Design Engineer, Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109-8099 c Mission Planning Engineer, Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109-8099 * Corresponding Author Abstract Europa is one of the most scientifically intriguing targets in planetary science due to its potential suitability for extant life. As such, NASA has funded the California Institute of Technology Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory to jointly develop the planned Europa Clipper mission—a multiple Europa flyby mission architecture aimed to thoroughly investigate the habitability of Europa and provide reconnaissance data to determine a landing site that maximizes the probability of both a safe landing and high scientific value for a potential future Europa lander. The trajectory design—a major enabling component for this Europa Clipper mission concept—was developed to maximize science from a set of eight model payload instruments determined by a NASA-appointed Europa Science Definition Team (SDT) between 2011-2015. On May 26, 2015, NASA officially selected 10 instruments from 6 different U.S. -
Power Subsystem Approach for the Europa Mission
E3S Web of Conferences 16, 13004 (2017) DOI: 10.1051/ e3sconf/20171613004 ESPC 2016 POWER SUBSYSTEM APPROACH FOR THE EUROPA MISSION Antonio Ulloa-Severino(1), Gregory A. Carr(1), Douglas J. Clark(1), Sonny M. Orellana(1), Roxanne Arellano(1), Marshall C. Smart(1), Ratnakumar V. Bugga(1), Andreea Boca(1), and Stephen F. Dawson(1) (1)Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA, Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT implementation of the spacecraft and instrument hardware. The mission design team is expending great NASA is planning to launch a spacecraft on a mission to efforts to minimize the amount of total dose radiation the Jovian moon Europa, in order to conduct a detailed the flight system would accumulate and maximize reconnaissance and investigation of its habitability. The science data return. spacecraft would orbit Jupiter and perform a detailed science investigation of Europa, utilizing a number of The NASA-selected instruments intend to characterize science instruments including an ice-penetrating radar to Europa by producing high-resolution images and determine the icy shell thickness and presence of surface composition maps. An ice-penetrating radar subsurface oceans. The spacecraft would be exposed to intends to determine the crust thickness, and a harsh radiation and extreme temperature environments. magnetometer would measure the magnetic field To meet mission objectives, the spacecraft power strength and direction to further help scientists subsystem is being architected and designed to operate determine ocean depth and salinity. A thermal efficiently, and with a high degree of reliability. instrument would be used to identify warmer water that could have erupted through the crust, while other 1. -
OPAG Fall 2020 Meeting Opening Remarks
OPAG Fall 2020 Meeting Opening Remarks Linda Spilker (JPL) & Jeff Moore (NASA ARC) OPAG Co-Chairs ? Outer Planets Assessment Group (OPAG) Charter https://www.lpi.usra.edu/opag/ • NASA's community-based forum to provide science input for planning and prioritizing outer planet exploration activities for the next several decades • Evaluates outer solar system exploration goals, objectives, investigations and required measurements on the basis of the widest possible community outreach • Meets twice per year, summer and winter • OPAG documents are inputs to the Decadal Surveys • OPAG and Small Bodies Assessment Group (SBAG) have Joint custody of Pluto system and other planets among Kuiper Belt Objects KBO planets OPAG Steering Committee Jeff Moore Linda Spilker OPAG Co-Chair OPAG Co-Chair Ames Research Center Jet Propulsion Lab Alfred McEwen Lynnae Quick Kathleen Mandt University of Arizona NASA Goddard Applied Physics Laboratory OPAG Steering Committee Morgan Cable Britney Schmidt* Kunio Sayanagi Jet Propulsion Lab Georgia Institute of Technology Hampton University * =Rolling off Tom Spilker Abigail Rymer Consultant Applied Physics Lab OPAG Steering Committee Scott Edgington Amanda Hendrix Mark Hofstadter* Jet Propulsion Lab Planetary Science Institute Jet Propulsion Lab * =Rolling off Jeff Bowman* Terry Hurford Carol Paty Scripps Oceanography Inst. Goddard Space Flight Center University of Oregon A Big Thanks To Curt Niebur! • Curt has been our Headquarters Rep since OPAG’s inception in 2006. • Curt is taking on new tasks at HQ, but we’ll still see him at OPAG meetings in his role of Program Scientist to Europa Clipper, New Frontiers Program, Europa Clipper mission, Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer mission, & Outer Planets and Ocean Worlds A Big Welcome To KC Hansen! • KC has been running the CDAP program. -
Gao-21-306, Nasa
United States Government Accountability Office Report to Congressional Committees May 2021 NASA Assessments of Major Projects GAO-21-306 May 2021 NASA Assessments of Major Projects Highlights of GAO-21-306, a report to congressional committees Why GAO Did This Study What GAO Found This report provides a snapshot of how The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) portfolio of major well NASA is planning and executing projects in the development stage of the acquisition process continues to its major projects, which are those with experience cost increases and schedule delays. This marks the fifth year in a row costs of over $250 million. NASA plans that cumulative cost and schedule performance deteriorated (see figure). The to invest at least $69 billion in its major cumulative cost growth is currently $9.6 billion, driven by nine projects; however, projects to continue exploring Earth $7.1 billion of this cost growth stems from two projects—the James Webb Space and the solar system. Telescope and the Space Launch System. These two projects account for about Congressional conferees included a half of the cumulative schedule delays. The portfolio also continues to grow, with provision for GAO to prepare status more projects expected to reach development in the next year. reports on selected large-scale NASA programs, projects, and activities. This Cumulative Cost and Schedule Performance for NASA’s Major Projects in Development is GAO’s 13th annual assessment. This report assesses (1) the cost and schedule performance of NASA’s major projects, including the effects of COVID-19; and (2) the development and maturity of technologies and progress in achieving design stability. -
Europa Mission Update: Beyond Payload Selection
Europa Mission Update: Beyond Payload Selection Todd Bayer, Brent Buffington, Jean- Karen Kirby Francois Castet, Maddalena Jackson, Johns Hopkins University Gene Lee, Kari Lewis, Jason Applied Physics Laboratory Kastner, Kathy Schimmels 11100 Johns Hopkins Road Jet Propulsion Laboratory Laurel, MD 20723-6099 California Institute of Technology [email protected] 4800 Oak Grove Dr. Pasadena, CA 91109 818-354-4605 [email protected] Abstract—Europa, the fourth largest moon of Jupiter, is believed 2. MISSION OVERVIEW ................................2 to be one of the best places in the solar system to look for 3. FLIGHT SYSTEM OVERVIEW ..................7 extant life beyond Earth. The 2011 Planetary Decadal Survey, Vision and Voyages, states: “Because of this ocean’s potential 4. FUTURE WORK .................................... 11 suitability for life, Europa is one of the most important targets 5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS .................... 11 in all of planetary science.” Exploring Europa to investigate its habitability is the goal of the planned Europa Mission. This ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................ 11 exploration is intimately tied to understanding the three “ingre- REFERENCES ......................................... 11 dients” for life: liquid water, chemistry, and energy. The Europa BIOGRAPHY .......................................... 11 Mission would investigate these ingredients by comprehensively exploring Europa’s ice shell and liquid ocean interface, surface geology and surface composition to glean insight into the inner workings of this fascinating moon. In addition, a lander mission 1. INTRODUCTION is seen as a possible future step, but current data about the Jo- vian radiation environment and about potential landing site haz- Scientific motivation for studying the habitability of Europa ards and potential safe landing zones is insufficient.