Inuvialuit Settlement Region Polar Bear Joint Management Plan 2017
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Native Land Claims and the Future of Archaeology in the Northwest Territories, Canada Thomas D
17 Native Land Claims and the Future of Archaeology in the Northwest Territories, Canada Thomas D. Andrews Charles D. Arnnold Elisa J. Hart Margaret M. Bertulli The settlement of comprehensive land claims is ushering in major changes in the manage ment of land and resources in the Northwest Territories, including heritage resources. This chap ter summarizes the progress that has been made in completing land claims, anticipates the impact that the claims will have on the way archaeological research is conducted, and discusses how the Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT) is responding to these changes. Suggestions for dealing with the current social and political setting in the design and implementation of archaeological projects are also presented. OUTLINE OF NATIVE LAND CLAIMS IN THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES In the early 1970s, the Government of Canada established a comprehensive claims policy to guide negotiations with Native groups in settling Aboriginal interests in lands that they tradition ally occupied. Although the Northwest Territories has its own legislative assembly and its own bureaucracy to administer most of the business of government, the Government of Canada has the sole responsibility for settling Aboriginal land claims in the Northwest Territories. The Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Territories are the Inuit, the Dene, the Cree, and the Metis. The Inuit include the Inuvialuit of the Beaufort Sea and Amundson Gulf areas of the west ern Arctic, who, in 1984, were the first Aboriginal group in the Northwest Territories to settle a land claim with the Government of Canada (see Figure 1). In May, 1993, the Inuit of the eastern Arctic, an area commonly referred to as “Nunavut” signed a final agreement on a land claim. -
Understanding Aboriginal and Treaty Rights in the Northwest Territories: Chapter 2: Early Treaty-Making in the NWT
Understanding Aboriginal and Treaty Rights in the Northwest Territories: Chapter 2: Early Treaty-making in the NWT he first chapter in this series, Understanding Aboriginal The Royal Proclamation Tand Treaty Rights in the NWT: An Introduction, touched After Great Britain defeated France for control of North briefly on Aboriginal and treaty rights in the NWT. This America, the British understood the importance of chapter looks at the first contact between Aboriginal maintaining peace and good relations with Aboriginal peoples and Europeans. The events relating to this initial peoples. That meant setting out rules about land use contact ultimately shaped early treaty-making in the NWT. and Aboriginal rights. The Royal Proclamation of 1763 Early Contact is the most important statement of British policy towards Aboriginal peoples in North America. The Royal When European explorers set foot in North America Proclamation called for friendly relations with Aboriginal they claimed the land for the European colonial powers peoples and noted that “great frauds and abuses” had they represented. This amounted to European countries occurred in land dealings. The Royal Proclamation also asserting sovereignty over North America. But, in practice, said that only the Crown could legally buy Aboriginal their power was built up over time by settlement, trade, land and any sale had to be made at a “public meeting or warfare, and diplomacy. Diplomacy in these days included assembly of the said Indians to be held for that purpose.” entering into treaties with the indigenous Aboriginal peoples of what would become Canada. Some of the early treaty documents aimed for “peace and friendship” and refer to Aboriginal peoples as “allies” rather than “subjects”, which suggests that these treaties could be interpreted as nation-to-nation agreements. -
The Importance of Continuous Dialogue in Community-Based Wildlife Monitoring: Case Studies of Dzan and Łuk Dagaii in the Gwich’In Settlement Area1
1 ARTICLE The importance of continuous dialogue in community-based wildlife monitoring: case studies of dzan and łuk dagaii in the Gwich’in Settlement Area1 Rachel A. Hovel, Jeremy R. Brammer, Emma E. Hodgson, Amy Amos, Trevor C. Lantz, Chanda Turner, Tracey A. Proverbs, and Sarah Lord Abstract: Rapid environmental change in the Arctic elicits numerous concerns for ecosystems, natural resources, and ways of life. Robust monitoring is essential to adaptation and management in light of these challenges, and community-based monitoring (CBM) projects can enhance these efforts by highlighting traditional knowledge, ensuring that questions are locally important, and informing natural resource conservation and management. Implementation of CBM projects can vary widely depending on project goals, the communities, and the partners involved, and we feel there is value in sharing CBM project examples in different contexts. Here, we describe two projects in the Gwich’in Settlement Area (GSA), Canada, and highlight the process in which local management agencies set monitoring and research priorities. Dzan (muskrat; Ondatra zibethicus (Linnaeus, 1766)) and łuk dagaii (broad whitefish; Coregonus nasus (Pallas, 1776)) are species of great cultural importance and are the focus of CBM projects conducted with concurrent social science research. We share challenges and lessons from our experiences, offer For personal use only. insights into operating CBM projects in the GSA, and present resources for researchers interested in pursuing wildlife research in this region. CBM projects provide rich opportuni- ties for benefitting managers, communities, and external researchers, particularly when the projects are built on a foundation of careful and continuous dialogue between partners. -
INUVIALUIT LANGUAGE and IDENTITY: PERSPECTIVES on the SYMBOLIC MEANING of INUVIALUKTUN in the CANADIAN WESTERN ARCTIC by Alexand
INUVIALUIT LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY: PERSPECTIVES ON THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF INUVIALUKTUN IN THE CANADIAN WESTERN ARCTIC by Alexander C. Oehler B.A., University of Northern British Columbia, 2010 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA July 2012 © Alexander C. Oehler, 2012 Abstract: The revitalization of ancestral languages has been an issue of great concern to Aboriginal communities across North America for several decades. More recently, this concern has also found a voice in educational policy, particularly in regions where Aboriginal land claims have been ratified, and where public schools fall under a mandate to offer curricula that meet the needs of Aboriginal students. This research seeks to explore the cultural significance of Inuvialuktun, a regional Inuit language comprised of three distinct dialects traditionally spoken by the Inuvialuit of the northern Northwest Territories, Canada. More specifically, the research seeks to examine the role of current Inuvialuktun language revitalization efforts in the establishment of Inuvialuit collective and individual identities across several age groups. Tying into the sociolinguistic discourse on ancestral language revitalization in North America, the research seeks to contribute a case study from a region underrepresented in the literature on language and identity. The applied aim of the study is to provide better insight on existing language ideologies and language attitudes subscribed to by current and potential learners of Inuvialuktun in the community of Inuvik, NWT. Data obtained by the study is intended to aid local and territorial language planners in identifying potential obstacles and opportunities regarding language learner motivation. -
Y-Chromosome Analysis Reveals Genetic Divergence and New Founding Native Lineages in Athapaskan- and Eskimoan-Speaking Populations
Y-chromosome analysis reveals genetic divergence and new founding native lineages in Athapaskan- and Eskimoan-speaking populations Matthew C. Dulika, Amanda C. Owingsa, Jill B. Gaieskia, Miguel G. Vilara, Alestine Andreb, Crystal Lenniec, Mary Adele Mackenzied, Ingrid Kritschb, Sharon Snowshoeb, Ruth Wrightb, James Martind, Nancy Gibsond, Thomas D. Andrewse, Theodore G. Schurra,1, and The Genographic Consortium2 aDepartment of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6398; bGwich’in Social and Cultural Institute, Tsiigehtchic, NT, Canada X0E 0B0; cInuvialuit Regional Corporation, Inuvik, NT, Canada X0E 0T0; dTłįchǫ Community Services Agency, Behchoko, NT, Canada X0E 0Y0; and ePrince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre, Yellowknife, NT, Canada X1A 2L9 Edited* by Francisco Mauro Salzano, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, and approved April 10, 2012 (received for review November 21, 2011) For decades, the peopling of the Americas has been explored mtDNA data (5). Even the dental traits used to justify a three- through the analysis of uniparentally inherited genetic systems in migration hypothesis did not group all Na-Dene speakers into Native American populations and the comparison of these genetic a single category separate from the other two (Amerind and data with current linguistic groupings. In northern North America, Eskimo-Aleut) groups and furthermore, suggested the inclusion two language families predominate: Eskimo-Aleut and Na-Dene. of Aleuts with Athapaskan speakers from northwestern America Although the genetic evidence from nuclear and mtDNA loci (3). Thus, although it is generally accepted that the two language suggest that speakers of these language families share a distinct families differ from each other, it is not clear whether they have biological origin, this model has not been examined using data from different genetic origins or instead, are the result of separate paternally inherited Y chromosomes. -
An Aerial Survey of Caribou On
AN AERIAL SURVEY OF CARIBOU ON WESTERN VICTORIA ISLAND (5–17 JUNE 1994) JOHN S. NISHI AND LAURIE BUCKLAND DEPARTMENT OF RESOURCES, WILDLIFE, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT GOVERNMENT OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES 1KUGLUKTUK, NT. X0E 0E0 2YELLOWKNIFE, NT. X1A 3S8 2000 FILE REPORT NO. 128 iii ABSTRACT Concerns over the sharp decline in numbers of the Minto Inlet caribou herd on northwest Victoria Island and increased hunting pressure on the Dolphin and Union caribou herd on southwestern Victoria Island prompted a survey of western Victoria Island. We used two fixed-wing aircraft and flew a systematic strip transect survey of western Victoria Island in June 1994. Our objectives were two-fold: 1) to determine the abundance of caribou in northwest Victoria Island (Minto Inlet calving area), and 2) to delineate the calving distribution of caribou on southwestern Victoria Island (Dolphin and Union calving area), re- survey any high density areas, and estimate population size based on the calving ground survey. We conducted the survey from 5–16 June 1994. The area surveyed was 138 185 km² in size and accounted for ca. 63% of the entire land area of Victoria Island. We estimated a total of 14 539 ± 1015 (SE) caribou on western Victoria Island at an overall density of 0.11 caribou / km2. Although our survey area included the entire known seasonal range of the Minto Inlet herd, we only observed 4 caribou on-transect in that area. Our results corroborated previous aerial surveys (March 1992, March 1993 and June 1993) where few caribou were observed and added confirmation to the decline of the Minto Inlet herd. -
People, Place and Season: Reflections on Gwich'in Ordering Of
People, Place and Season: Reflections on Gwich’in Ordering of Access to Resources in an Arctic Landscape by Leslie Main Johnson University of Alberta, Department of Anthropology and Canadian Circumpolar Institute and Daniel Andre, Gwichya Gwich’in Band Presented at IASCP 2000, Bloomington, Indiana It is a tenet of common property theory that local groups of people tend to evolve institutions to allocate common pool resources among community members in ways which are economically and ecologically sustainable. We are interested in the applicability of this type of analysis to subsistence systems of non-agricultural indigenous peoples. This paper is a preliminary examination of informal institutions of the Gwich’in of the Northwest Territories in Canada and how they contribute to ordering access to resources through the seasons by Gwich’in. This analysis is based on conversations by Johnson with Gwich’in and other people who have worked with Gwich’in people, and her fieldwork with Gwich’in from Fort McPherson and Tsiigehtchic in 1999 and 2000, and the insights and experiences of Andre regarding Gwich’in seasonal use of land and resources. This paper considers the resource use of the people of Fort McPherson and Tsiigehtchic. It does not deal with the mixed Gwich’in-Inuvialuit-non-Indigenous communities of Aklavik and Inuvik, which are historically more complex. We will consider three principal areas in this analysis: fishing, trapping, and caribou. It must be emphasized that this discussion uses an analytic framework which differs in important ways from the usual perspective of Gwich’in people. The conceptualization of diverse elements of traditional subsistence as “resources”, for example, and the discussion of these as things separate from a seasonal flow of life is not an indigenous perspective. -
"It Was Only a Treaty"
"IT WAS ONLY A TREATY" TREATY 11 ACCORDING TO THE DENE OF THE MACKENZIE VALLEY Revised for The Dene Nation and The Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples Rene M.J. Lamothe April, 1996 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY "It Was Only A Treaty" provides some basic concepts about Treaty 11 from a Dene perspective. The paper sets out cultural parameters of Dene life by providing information on key social, economic, political and spiritual aspects of Dene life with the intention of providing readers with the historical and legal context in which the Dene live. Through the presentation of the context of Dene life, the paper sets the parameters which limit Dene decision making with regards to the land and relationships with non-Dene. Some of the information may be viewed by academic interests to be outside the scope of what they consider "sound knowledge" about the Dene. The information, however, is provided from within the context of Dene experience, much of which, being of a spiritual nature, is not readily available to the "outside" academic. This information is also intended, in part, to set the stage for the non-Dene to better understand the social, political and economic conditions in play in Dene society in 1921. Understanding the context from which the Dene approached the Crown's Treaty Party is fundamental to understanding the Dene version of Treaty 11. The paper explores government interests in the territory covered by Treaty 11. Although this section is very limited in its' scope and does not provide conclusive evidence about the motives of government, it provides information on land surveys which took place in Dene territory before Treaty was made, as well as bringing to light some of the political and economic pressures which have been at play within the Euro-Canadian/American public since contact. -
Inuvialuit Game Council Focus Group Meeting Summary Report Food Sovereignty and Self Governance – Inuit Role in Managing Arctic Marine Resources1
Inuvialuit Game Council Focus Group Meeting Summary Report Food Sovereignty and Self Governance – Inuit Role in Managing Arctic Marine Resources1 Photo: Chanda Turner; Not Pictured: John Lucas, Jr. Food Sovereignty is the right of Inuit to define their own hunting, gathering, fishing, land and water policies; the right to define what is sustainable, socially, economically and culturally appropriate for the distribution of food and to maintain ecological health; the right to obtain and maintain practices that ensure access to tools needed to obtain, process, store and consume traditional foods. Within the Alaskan Inuit Food Security Conceptual Framework, food sovereignty is a necessity for supporting and maintaining the six dimensions of food security.2 1 This work is supported through a National Science Foundation grant (grant no. 1732373). No opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. 2 Inuit Circumpolar Council – Alaska. 2015. Alaskan Inuit Food Security Conceptual Framework: How to Assess the Arctic From an Inuit Perspective. Technical Report. Anchorage, AK. 1 Citation This report reflects the knowledge and perspectives of Indigenous Knowledge holders attending the focus group meeting. The report should be cited as: Inuit Circumpolar Council Alaska. 2018. Inuvialuit Game Council Focus Group: Food Sovereignty and Self Governance – Inuit Role in Managing Arctic Marine Resources. Anchorage, Alaska. The focus group meeting was facilitated by Carolina Behe and Dr. Dalee Sambo Dorough. This report was prepared by Shannon Williams with support provided by Carolina Behe and Dr. Dalee Sambo Dorough. -
Selection of Illustrations
Selection of Illustrations From Harrison, John Christopher. (1991) "Melville Island's salt-based fold belt (Arctic Canada)." Doctoral Thesis, Rice University. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/16447. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figures 2. Colour satellite mosaic of Melville Island . • . • . 4 3. Map of reflection seismic proflles, wells and structural cross-sections, Mel ville Island . 12 7. Correlation of sonic, density, lithology and various synthetic logs of the logs of the Panarctic et al. Sabine Bay A-07 well with a nearby portion of reflection seismic line P1192 . 29,30 10. Topography and bathymetty of Melville Island-area . 44 11. Bouguer gravity anomaly map of the western Arctic Islands-area . 48 12. Magnetic anomaly map of the western Arctic Islands-area . 50 21. Isopach map of the upper unreflective succession (sP3, sPC) ............. 70 22. Suggested correlation of Precambrian units • • • . • • • • • • • • . • . 75 25. Generalized stratigraphic cross-section of the Franldinian Succession, northern Victoria Island to northwestern Melville Island . 81,82 28. Representative stratigraphy: ?Precambrian to Devonian shelf rim stratigraphy and cover, west central Melville Island . 89 29. Representative lithostratigraphy: ?Precambrian to Devonian intra -shelf basin,·embayment and cover, central Melville Island . 91 30. Representative lithostratigraphy: ?Precambrian to Devonian of the Towson Point Carbonate Build-up and cover, northeastern Melville Island . 93 33. Suggested correlation of ?Cambrian and Lower Ordovician seismic units . 107 34. Correlation chart, Lower Ordovician through Upper Silurian strata . • . 113 41. Correlation chart, Devonian strata of Melville Island . 132 59. Bar graphs of sedimentation rate plotted against time (540-355 Ma) . • . • . 188 60. Isopach map of ?Lower Cambrian and ?Middle Cambrian units . -
Diamondiferous Kimberlites on Victoria Island, Canada: a Northern Extension of the Slave Craton
DIAMONDIFEROUS KIMBERLITES ON VICTORIA ISLAND, CANADA: A NORTHERN EXTENSION OF THE SLAVE CRATON Mark Kolebaba1, George Read2, Bernard Kahlert1 and Dave Kelsch1, 1 Diamonds North Resources Ltd, Canada; 2 Canabrava Diamond Corporation, Canada basalt (Natkusiak Formation 723 Ma) and INTRODUCTION agglomerate which make up the Shaler Mountains that are intruded by gabbro sills. The lower sandstone and gabbro units of the Shaler Group are also found Victoria Island, located in the Northwest Territories along the southern coast of Victoria Island, and as and Nunavut in the High Arctic of Canada (Figure 1) small inliers south of Washburn Lake. has been a diamond exploration target since 1993 when exploration companies recognized the possibility Archean age rocks beneath the eastern half of Victoria Island under thin Paleozoic carbonate cover. Much evidence has been collected through work since 1993 that suggests Victoria Island has the potential to become a world-class diamond-producing district. Recent exploration efforts have identified kimberlites with high diamond counts and robust diamond size distributions trending toward large 1 to 2 mm stones from small kimberlite samples. Supportive mineral chemistry including major oxides and trace element analyses suggests a cool geotherm, presence of potential peridotitic diamond sources and a strong diamond bearing eclogite signature. Figure 1: Location and geology map for Victoria Island. GEOLOGY Regional magnetics indicate the basement rocks have been intruded by NW-SE trending Mackenzie (1270 Archean rocks exist in the eastern half of Victoria Ma) and Franklin (720 Ma) diabase dykes and a Island. Paleozoic sediments including dolomite, previously undocumented north-south trending minor limestone, sandstone and shale of the Arctic diabase dyke system dated at 425 Ma (Diamonds Platform have been preserved within post- North Internal Report, 1999). -
Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 1577
DFO L bra 111 11 1 y111 / MPO11 1 1111 B bliotheque 12021433 Ringed Seal, Phoca hispida, Breeding Habitat Survey of Bridport Inlet and Adjacent Coastal Sea Ice LIBRARY FISHERIES AND OCEA NS T. G. Smith and M. O. Hammill BIBLIOTHÈQUE PÉCHES ET OCÉANS Arctic Biological Station Department of Fisheries and Oceans 555 St. Pierre Blvd. Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3R4 July 1980 Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No.1577 H a a 3 F 4k c. of Govemment of Canada Gouvernement du Canada Fisheries and Oceans Pêches et Océans Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences These reports contain scientific and technical information that represents an important contribution to existing knowledge but which for some reason may not be appropriate for primary scientific (i.e. Journal) publication. They differ from Tech- nical Reports in terms of subject scope and potential audience: Manuscript Reports deal primarily with national or regional problems and distribution is generally restrict- ed to institutions or individuals located in particular regions of Canada. No restriction is placed on subject matter and the series reflects the broad interests and policies of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, namely, fisheries management, technology and development, ocean sciences, and aquatic environments relevant to Canada. Manuscript Reports may be cited as. full publications. The correct citation appears above the abstract of each report. Each report will be abstracted by Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts and will be indexed annually in the Department's index to scientific and technical publications. Numbers 1-900 in this series were issued as Manuscript Reports (Biological Series) of the Biological Board of Canada, and subsequent to 1937 when the name of the Board was changed by Act of Parliament, as Manuscript Reports (Biological Series) of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada.