Modeling Science, Technology and Innovation NSF Conference Report
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Female Fellows of the Royal Society
Female Fellows of the Royal Society Professor Jan Anderson FRS [1996] Professor Ruth Lynden-Bell FRS [2006] Professor Judith Armitage FRS [2013] Dr Mary Lyon FRS [1973] Professor Frances Ashcroft FMedSci FRS [1999] Professor Georgina Mace CBE FRS [2002] Professor Gillian Bates FMedSci FRS [2007] Professor Trudy Mackay FRS [2006] Professor Jean Beggs CBE FRS [1998] Professor Enid MacRobbie FRS [1991] Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell DBE FRS [2003] Dr Philippa Marrack FMedSci FRS [1997] Dame Valerie Beral DBE FMedSci FRS [2006] Professor Dusa McDuff FRS [1994] Dr Mariann Bienz FMedSci FRS [2003] Professor Angela McLean FRS [2009] Professor Elizabeth Blackburn AC FRS [1992] Professor Anne Mills FMedSci FRS [2013] Professor Andrea Brand FMedSci FRS [2010] Professor Brenda Milner CC FRS [1979] Professor Eleanor Burbidge FRS [1964] Dr Anne O'Garra FMedSci FRS [2008] Professor Eleanor Campbell FRS [2010] Dame Bridget Ogilvie AC DBE FMedSci FRS [2003] Professor Doreen Cantrell FMedSci FRS [2011] Baroness Onora O'Neill * CBE FBA FMedSci FRS [2007] Professor Lorna Casselton CBE FRS [1999] Dame Linda Partridge DBE FMedSci FRS [1996] Professor Deborah Charlesworth FRS [2005] Dr Barbara Pearse FRS [1988] Professor Jennifer Clack FRS [2009] Professor Fiona Powrie FRS [2011] Professor Nicola Clayton FRS [2010] Professor Susan Rees FRS [2002] Professor Suzanne Cory AC FRS [1992] Professor Daniela Rhodes FRS [2007] Dame Kay Davies DBE FMedSci FRS [2003] Professor Elizabeth Robertson FRS [2003] Professor Caroline Dean OBE FRS [2004] Dame Carol Robinson DBE FMedSci -
Are We Losing Our Ability to Think Critically?
news Society | DOI:10.1145/1538788.1538796 Samuel Greengard Are We Losing Our Ability to Think Critically? Computer technology has enhanced lives in countless ways, but some experts believe it might be affecting people’s ability to think deeply. OCIETY HAS LONG cherished technology alters the way we see, hear, the ability to think beyond and assimilate our world—the act of the ordinary. In a world thinking remains decidedly human. where knowledge is revered and innovation equals Rethinking Thinking Sprogress, those able to bring forth Arriving at a clear definition for criti- greater insight and understanding are cal thinking is a bit tricky. Wikipedia destined to make their mark and blaze describes it as “purposeful and reflec- a trail to greater enlightenment. tive judgment about what to believe or “Critical thinking as an attitude is what to do in response to observations, embedded in Western culture. There experience, verbal or written expres- is a belief that argument is the way to sions, or arguments.” Overlay technolo- finding truth,” observes Adrian West, gy and that’s where things get complex. research director at the Edward de For better or worse, exposure to technology “We can do the same critical-reasoning Bono Foundation U.K., and a former fundamentally changes how people think. operations without technology as we computer science lecturer at the Uni- can with it—just at different speeds and versity of Manchester. “Developing our formation can easily overwhelm our with different ease,” West says. abilities to think more clearly, richly, reasoning abilities.” What’s more, What’s more, while it’s tempting fully—individually and collectively— it’s ironic that ever-growing piles of to view computers, video games, and is absolutely crucial [to solving world data and information do not equate the Internet in a monolithic good or problems].” to greater knowledge and better de- bad way, the reality is that they may To be sure, history is filled with tales cision-making. -
The 8Th ACM Web Science Conference 2016
This is a repository copy of The 8th ACM Web Science Conference 2016. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/103102/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Jäschke, R. (2016) The 8th ACM Web Science Conference 2016. ACM SIGWEB Newsletter (Summer). pp. 1-7. ISSN 1931-1745 https://doi.org/10.1145/2956573.2956574 Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ pdfauthor The 8th ACM Web Science Conference 2016 Robert Jaschke¨ L3S Research Center Hannover, Germany This article provides an overview of this year’s ACM Web Science Conference (WebSci’16). It was located in Hannover, Germany, and organized by L3S Research Center and the Web Science Trust. WebSci’16 attracted more than 160 researchers from very different disciplines – ranging from computer science to anthropology. -
Fear and Loathing of Technological Progress? Leveraging Science and Innovation for the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development1
Fear and Loathing of Technological Progress? Leveraging Science and Innovation for the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development1 Draft for Discussion. Nor for Quotation/Not for Circulation 1- A Brave New World? “The fear has even been expressed by some that technological change would in the near future not only cause increasing unemployment, but that eventually it would eliminate all but a few jobs, with the major portion of what we now call work being performed automatically by machines.”i It may come as a surprise that these words were written in 1966, in the report of the United States Presidential Commission on “Technology, Automation, and Economic Progress.” Established in 1964, the Commission had the following as a key recommendations to deal with the uneven benefits of technological change and with the future impact of automation on jobs: “Technological change and productivity are primary sources of our unprecedented wealth, but many persons have not shared in that abundance. We recommend that economic security be guaranteed by a floor under family income.”ii This recommendation is not that different, in either substance or motivation, from the current interest in establishing a universal basic income, which has been defended by some as a way of dealing with a future in which automation and artificial intelligence will render the need for labor redundant.iii Of course, any discourse on technological change is always ambivalent. There is no questioning that scientific progress and technological innovation have been underlying drivers of the improvements in the standards of living throughout the history of humanity. -
The Web Observatory Extension: Facilitating Web Science Collaboration Through Semantic Markup
The Web Observatory Extension: Facilitating Web Science Collaboration through Semantic Markup Dominic DiFranzo John S. Erickson Marie Joan Kristine T. Gloria Tetherless World Constellation, Tetherless World Constellation, Tetherless World Constellation, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Rensselaer Polytechnic Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY USA Institute, Troy, NY USA Troy, NY USA [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Joanne S. Luciano Deborah L. McGuinness James Hendler Tetherless World Constellation, Tetherless World Constellation, Tetherles World Constellation, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Rensselaer Polytechnic Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY USA Institute, Troy, NY USA Troy, NY USA [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT Still in its infancy, the field of Web Science now faces several The multi-disciplinary nature of Web Science and the large size unique challenges from conflicting methodological philosophies and diversity of data collected and studied by its practitioners has to developing a suitable infrastructure for its scientists to inspired a new type of Web resource known as the Web collaborate and share resources. More importantly, the scale and Observatory. Web observatories are platforms that enable scope of the data produced by users of the Web and studied by researchers to collect, analyze and share data about the Web and Web Scientists is unprecedented for any modern field of study. to share tools for Web research. At the Boston Web Observatory Web Scientists are thus looking to mixed methodology practices, Workshop 2013 [3], a semantic model for describing Web new computational infrastructure and large scale analytics in order Observatories was drafted and an extension to the schema.org to better make sense of this complex phenomena. -
A Celebration of 10 Years of the Science of the Web WEB SCIENCE TRUST BOARD Board Members
2006-2016 A celebration of 10 Years of the Science of the Web WEB SCIENCE TRUST BOARD Board Members Professor Dame Wendy Hall JP Rangaswami Professor Sir Nigel Shadbolt Professor George Metakides Professor James Hendler John Taysom Professor Noshir Contractor Daniel J Weitzner Fellows and Advisors Professor Bebo White Web Science Champion Sir John Taylor Professor Sir Tim Berners-Lee Senior Fellow Senior Fellow Anni Rowland-Campbell Baroness Rennie Fritchie Advisor Patron We also wish to acknowledge the contribution of colleagues who acted as supporters and research fellows for the fore- runner to the Web Science Trust, the Web Science Research Initiative (WSRI). CELEBRATING 10 YEARS OF WEB SCIENCE 2016 marks the tenth anniversary of the academic discipline of Web Science. It was in 2006 that the paper ‘Creating a Science of the Web’ appeared in the journal Science. The paper’s authors: Tim Berners-Lee, Wendy Hall, James Hendler, Nigel Shadbolt, and Daniel Weitzner, set out their concerns about the future direction of the Web, and emphasized the need to establish a clear research agenda ‘aimed at understanding the current, evolving, and potential Web’: “If we want to model the Web; if we want to understand the architectural principles that have provided for its growth; and if we want to be sure that it supports the basic social values of trustworthiness, privacy, and respect for social boundaries, then we must chart out a research agenda that targets the Web as a primary focus of attention.” The authors called for the new discipline of Web Science role in shaping appropriate policy directives, as well as to be inherently interdisciplinary, to tackle research enabling a better understanding of the central importance challenges around ownership and access to data, and to of the Web in all our lives. -
Network Science
review articles DOI:10.1145/2699416 Jacob Moreno’s25 efforts to develop Exploring three interdisciplinary areas and the “sociometry.” Soon thereafter, the mathematical framework offered by extent they overlap. Are they all part of the graph theory was also picked up by same larger domain? psychologists,2 anthropologists,23 and other social scientists to create an in- BY THANASSIS TIROPANIS, WENDY HALL, JON CROWCROFT, terdiscipline called Social Networks. NOSHIR CONTRACTOR, AND LEANDROS TASSIULAS The interdiscipline of Social Networks expanded even further toward the end of the 20th century with an explosion of interest in exploring networks in biological, physical, and technologi- Network cal systems. The term Network Sci- ence emerged as an interdisciplinary area that draws on disciplines such as physics, mathematics, computer sci- Science, ence, biology, economics, and sociol- ogy to encompass networks that were not necessarily social.1,26,35 The study of networks involves developing ex- planatory models to understand the Web Science, emergence of networks, building predictive models to anticipate the evolution of networks, and construct- ing prescriptive models to optimize and Internet the outcomes of networks. One of the main tenets of Network Science is to identify common underpinning principles and laws that apply across Science very different networks and explore why in some cases those patterns vary. The Internet and the Web, given their spectacular growth and impact, are networks that have captured the imagination of many network scien- THE OBSERVATION OF patterns that characterize key insights networks, from biological to technological and social, ˽ Web Science and Internet Science aim to understand the evolution of the Web and the impact of the Web and the Internet on society and the Internet respectively and to inform debates about their future. -
Navigational Efficiency of Broad Vs. Narrow Folksonomies
Navigational Efficiency of Broad vs. Narrow Folksonomies Denis Helic Christian Körner Michael Granitzer Knowledge Management Knowledge Management Chair of Media Informatics Institute Institute University of Passau Graz University of Technology Graz University of Technology Passau, Germany Graz, Austria Graz, Austria Michael.Granitzer@uni- [email protected] [email protected] passau.de Markus Strohmaier Christoph Trattner Knowledge Management Institute for Information Institute and Know-Center Systems and Computer Media Graz University of Technology Graz University of Technology Graz, Austria Graz, Austria [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT Keywords Although many social tagging systems share a common tri- Navigation, Folksonomy, Keywords, Tags partite graph structure, the collaborative processes that are generating these structures can di ffer significantly. For ex- 1. INTRODUCTION ample, while resources on Delicious are usually tagged by all In social tagging systems, users organize information us- users who bookmark the web page cnn.com , photos on Flickr ing so-called tags – a set of freely chosen words or concepts are usually tagged just by a single user who uploads the – to annotate various resources such as web pages on Deli- photo. In the literature, this distinction has been described cious, photos on Flickr, or scientific articles on BibSonomy. as a distinction between broad vs. narrow folksonomies . In addition to using tagging systems for personal organiza- This paper sets out to explore navigational di fferences be- tion of information, users can also socially share their an- tween broad and narrow folksonomies in social hypertextual notations with each other. The information structure that systems. We study both kinds of folksonomies on a dataset emerges through such processes has been typically described provided by Mendeley - a collaborative platform where users 1 as “folksonomies ” ( fol k-generated ta xonomies ). -
The Implementation of Open Access Oral and Written Evidence Contents 1994 Group – Written Evidence
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SELECT COMMITTEE The implementation of open access Oral and Written evidence Contents 1994 Group – Written evidence ............................................................................................................. 5 Academy of Social Sciences – Written evidence ................................................................................. 8 Association for Learning Technology (ALT) – Written evidence ................................................. 13 Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers (ALPSP) – Written evidence .... 19 Jeffrey Beall, Scholarly Initiatives Librarian, University of Colorado Denver – Written evidence ...................................................................................................................................................... 24 Dr Rick Bradford – Written evidence ................................................................................................ 25 British Academy – Written evidence .................................................................................................. 27 British Heart Foundation (BHF) – Written evidence ...................................................................... 32 British Medical Journal Group (BMJ) – Written evidence .............................................................. 34 British Psychological Society (BPS) – Written evidence ................................................................. 38 British Sociological Association (BSA) – Written evidence........................................................... -
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KI Special Issue Social Media (version as of Oct 29, 2012) Interview with Jim Hendler on Social Media and Collective Intelligence Panagiotis Takis Metaxas James A. Hendler ((**max 180 words)) James Hendler is the Tetherless World Professor of Computer and Cognitive Science and the Head of the Computer Science Department at RPI. He also serves as a Director of the UK’s charitable Web Science Trust and is a visiting Professor at DeMontfort University in Leicester, UK. Hendler has authored about 200 technical papers in the areas of Semantic Web, artificial intelligence, agent-based computing and high performance processing. One of the early “Semantic Web” innovators, Hendler is a Fellow of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence, the British Computer Society, the IEEE and the AAAS. In 2010, Hendler was named one of the 20 most innovative professors in America by Playboy magazine and was selected as an “Internet Web Expert” by the US government. He is the Editor-in-Chief emeritus of IEEE Intelligent Systems and is the first computer scientist to serve on the Board of Reviewing Editors for Science. Hendler was the recipient of a 2012 Strata Conference Data Innovation Award for his work in Open Government Data. KI: We see a very broad interpretation of Social Media these days. How do you define Social Media? In the real world people form communities of various kinds that are bound together by social relationships – those relationships are the real-world “social networks” that social-networking sites rely on. Personally, I see social media as the online means for realizing, extending, maintaining, etc. -
Socioeconomic Driving Forces of Scientific Research
A B To discover the causes of social, economic and technological change CocciaLab Working Paper Socioeconomic driving forces of 2018 – No. 35/bis scientific research Mario COCCIA CNR -- NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF ITALY & ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY COCCIALAB at CNR -- NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF ITALY Collegio Carlo Alberto, Via Real Collegio, n. 30-10024, Moncalieri (TO), Italy E-mail: [email protected] Socioeconomic driving forces of scientific research Mario Coccia1 CNR -- NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF ITALY & ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY Current Address: COCCIALAB at CNR -- NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF ITALY Collegio Carlo Alberto, Via Real Collegio, n. 30, 10024-Moncalieri (Torino), Italy E-mail: [email protected] Mario Coccia : http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1957-6731 Why do nations produce scientific research? This is a fundamental problem in the field of social studies of science. The paper confronts this question here by showing vital determinants of science to explain the sources of social power and wealth creation by nations. Firstly, this study suggests a new general definition of science and scientific research that synthetizes previous concepts and endeavors to extend them: Science discovers the root causes of phenomena to explain and predict them in a context of adaptation of life to new economic and social bases, whereas scientific research is a systematic process, applying methods of scientific inquiry, to solve consequential problems, to satisfy human wants, to take advantage of important opportunities and/or to cope with environmental threats. In particular, science and scientific research are driven by an organized social effort that inevitably reflect the concerns and interests of nations to achieve advances and discoveries that are spread to the rest of humankind. -
A Survey on Scientific Data Management
A Survey on Scientific Data Management References [1] Ilkay Altintas, Chad Berkley, Efrat Jaeger, Matthew Jones, Bertram Ludascher,¨ and Steve Mock. Kepler: An extensible system for design and execution of scientific workflows. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management (SSDBM’04), pages 21– 23, 2004. [2] Alexander Ames, Nikhil Bobb, Scott A. Brandt, Adam Hiatt, Carlos Maltzahn, Ethan L. Miller, Alisa Neeman, and Deepa Tuteja. Richer file system metadata using links and attributes. In Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE / 13th NASA Goddard Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST’05), pages 49–60, 2005. [3] Bill Anderson. Mass storage system performance prediction using a trace-driven simulator. In MSST ’05: Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE / 13th NASA Goddard Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies, pages 297–306, Washington, DC, USA, 2005. IEEE Computer Society. [4] Phil Andrews, Bryan Banister, Patricia Kovatch, Chris Jordan, and Roger Haskin. Scaling a global file system to the greatest possible extent, performance, capacity, and number of users. In MSST ’05: Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE / 13th NASA Goddard Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Tech- nologies, pages 109–117, Washington, DC, USA, 2005. IEEE Computer Society. [5] Grigoris Antoniou and Frank van Harmelen. A Semantic Web Primer. The MIT Press, 2004. [6] Scott Brandt, Carlos Maltzahn, Neoklis Polyzotis, and Wang-Chiew Tan. Fusing data management services with file systems. In PDSW ’09: Proceedings of the 4th Annual Workshop on Petascale Data Storage, pages 42–46, New York, NY, USA, 2009. ACM. [7] Peter Buneman, Adriane Chapman, and James Cheney.