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10 Secrets of the White Cormorant the Cormorant Fishing (Ukai) of Miyoshi Cormorant fishing (Ukai) in Miyoshi Has a White Cormorant, a Rarity in Japan

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10 Secrets of the White Cormorant the Cormorant Fishing (Ukai) of Miyoshi Cormorant fishing (Ukai) in Miyoshi Has a White Cormorant, a Rarity in Japan Cultural Property of Miyoshi City 1 10 Secrets of the White Cormorant The Cormorant Fishing (Ukai) of Miyoshi Cormorant fishing (ukai) in Miyoshi has a white cormorant, a rarity in Japan. Do you have a name? How old are you? Where did you come from? My name is Shiroki (White I’m around 30 years old. 60 My hometown is Ya'an City in Sichuan Sparkle). My name was given years old if I were human. Province, China. Ya'an City is a sister city of in the hope that I would shine Perhaps I’m longer-living than Miyoshi City, and four birds were sent in 1992 Intangible Folk Cultural Property of Hiroshima Prefecture white and bright. you might have thought. and another four in 1994 as a gesture of Sino-Japanese friendship. Folk Skills Seen in the Cormorant Fishing of Miyoshi Beak It is very sharp, so it is filed down using a rasp. What is the difference with other cormorants? The black cormorant is a Japanese (Temminck's) cor- morant which lives in the ocean; I am a cormorant living Neck in the river. Japanese cormo- I am stouter and shorter than rant fishing uses the Japanese the Japanese cormorant cormorant from the sea, but in which dwells in coastal areas. China they use the Great Cor- morant, a bird of rivers. Feet Fine webbed feet as you can see. My webbed feet are also How large are you? white. Length 75 cm Wing span (when I spread my wings) is 90 cm; I am a little smaller than a Japanese cormorant The Cormorant Fishing of Miyoshi A Word from Shiroki Cormorant fishing (ukai) is a poetic tradition that symbolizes the summer nights of Miyoshi. Today it is a Cormorant fishing in Miyoshi is a traditional event that has continued for tourist attraction, but as it transmits to posterity the old skills of cormorant fishing and how to make a living I want to meet Shiroki! more than 400 years. It is also designated as an Intangible Folk Cultural from catching fish, it was designated as an Intangible Folk Cultural Property of Hiroshima Prefecture in During the cormorant fishing season, we Asset of Hiroshima Prefecture. I’d like you to learn about it and tell others April 2015. This was the first time a folk skill was recognized in Hiroshima Prefecture and it was so can meet at the Ukai boat boarding area. about the existence of such a proud culture in Miyoshi City. designated because it demonstrates the techniques of the ancient Japanese practice of using a cormorant for catching and making a living from fish. With support from Published date: March 2016 In the cormorant fishing of Miyoshi, after sundown in the darkness, the cormorant master shines a bright Miyuki Kanamitsu, Akinori Kuroda, Tetsuya Hazue, Bungo Hisaka light onto the river, and catches fish by flying birds, namely cormorants, to catch fish. Association for the Promotion of the Traditional Culture of Cormorant Fishing, Edited and issued by: Two people, the cormorant master who flies the cormorant, and the helmsman who Miyoshi City Division for Tourist Exchange Miyoshi City Board of Education (usho) (kajiko) Miyoshi City Tourist Association Tokaichinaka 2-8-1, Miyoshi City, Hiroshima Prefecture, maneuvers the boat, get on the boat. The river will be illuminated by the light of the carbide lamp attached 728-8501 to the boat’s bow. Provision of Documents and Provision of Photographs TEL: 0824-62-6191 Shoso Ito, Tetsuo Yamawaki, Kamitsuke no Sato Museum, The cormorant fishing of Miyoshi is said to date back more than 400 years. Miyoshi City Municipal Library, Hiroshima Prefectural History and Folklore Museum Printed by : Sanseisha Printing Co., Ltd. In the present day, cormorant fishing is only performed around Tomoebashi Bridge in Mishima City; however, it was done in the past by going out as far as the border with Shimane Prefecture. Miyoshi- A Town with Rivers Running Through It About Cormorant Fishing (Ukai) Shobara Mirasaka Miyoshi is a town in the northern part Flows into the Sea of Japan What is Cormorant Fishing (Ukai)? of Hiroshima Prefecture. The Gono- The Saijogawa River To All of Japan The Basengawa River kawa River was one of the reasons Sakugi Cormorant fishing or ukai is a method of catch- A cormorant haniwa why the town of Miyoshi came into Shobara The Sea of Japan Miyoshi Shimane Prefecture ing fish by using a bird called a cormorant or u (terracotta clay figure) being. The River is now used for The Saijo River The Gonokawa River excavated from an The Gonokawa River (The Enokawa River) trained by an or cormorant master. It is said (The Enokawa River) The Toshimagawa River usho drinking water and agriculture, but in The Gonokawa River Miyoshi Mirasaka ancient tomb (The Enokawa River) that the method was practiced in the eastern half of (About 1500 years ago) the old days it also functioned as a The Basengawa River Yoshida Obara Asia and mainly in East Asia, but nowadays it is only (Hodota Tumulus, transportation route for people and Yoshida The Gonokawa River Land Route Gunma Prefecture) The Toshimagawa River (The Enokawa River) Land Route practiced in Japan and Southern China. Currently, it [Provided by goods. In the old days, when there is practiced in 11 locations in Japan. Kamitsuke no Sato Museum] Haji Nagata were no automobiles or railways, the Nagata Although it is not known when it started, it seems At present, the cormorants used in Japanese Land Route The Misasa River fastest way to move a large amount of The Misasagawa River Kabe that it has been practiced in Japan for more than cormorant fishing are all cormorants captured in Ibaraki goods was by boat. Therefore, goods Kabe The Otagawa River 1500 years. prefecture. were concentrated near large rivers, The Ota River Hiroshima and a market grew up for the buying Hiroshima Cormorants catch a lot of fish. In cormorant fishing, a leash called a tanawa is hung on the cormorant’s and selling of those goods, and a neck, and fish are not swallowed but accumulated in the throat once caught. In the past, more than 400 fish Transportation by Boat on the Gonokawa River and Miyoshi town developed. could be caught each day. The Gonokawa River is a rare river since it traverses the Cormorant fishing cannot be done unless people (cormorant masters) and the cormorants cooperate. In order Chugoku Mountains and flows into the Sea of Japan. From to make the wild-natured cormorant follow orders, the cormorant master tries to build a relationship of trust Gotsu, the mouth of the river, up to Miyoshi, the flow is with his cormorant, talking to it all year around, stroking its body. In the elegant shadow of the cormorant sluggish, allowing boats to sail to and from the sea as far as fishing, the cormorant master carries out such efforts. Miyoshi. Also, as the large river branches off into tributaries There are three types of cormo- Ukai distribution map in Japan Regions where cormorant fishing was done in the past in four directions at Miyoshi, a boat could travel in any direc- rant fishing, which are 1) cormorant Regions where cormorant fishing is still performed tion, to the north, east, south, or west. Cormorant Fishing on the Chikugo River fishing from a boat, in which the cormo- Ukiha City and Asakura City, Cormorant Fishing on the Nagaragawa River Fukuoka Prefecture Miyoshi can be said to be a town which was born from the A map on Transportation by Boat rant master travels by boat and manipu- Gifu City, Gifu Prefecture (Part of “Map of the Saijogawa River Transportation”) Cormorant Fishing on the Nishikigawa River Cormorant Fishing on the Nagaragawa River Gonokawa River; in the town, people were occupied in work, Iwakuni City, Yamaguchi Prefecture The path for pulling the boats and climbing up is indicated by Seki City, Gifu Prefecture 2 lates cormorants tied to leashes, 2) 3 such as river transport (the transfer of goods by boat) and a red line [from a private collection] cormorant fishing while walking, in The Gonokawa River system river fishing (living by catching fish on the river), Cormorant Fishing on the Basengawa River which the cormorant master walks in Miyoshi City, Hiroshima Prefecture which have a strong connection to the river. Cormorant Fishing on the Oigawa River The site where cormorants the river and manipulates the cormo- Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture are captured Cormorant fishing is one such occupation. rants tied to leashes, and 3) untethered Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture cormorant fishing which allows the cormorants, unconstrained by leashes, Cormorant Fishing to move about freely. In Japan, all three on the Fuefukigawa River kinds were practiced in the past, but Fuefuki City, Yamanashi Prefecture Cormorant Fishing on the Kisogawa River now there is nowhere where untethered Inuyama City, Aichi Prefecture and Kakamigahara City, cormorant fishing is practiced. Gifu Prefecture Cormorant Fishing on the Ujigawa River Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture Cormorant Fishing on the Aridagawa River Arida City, Wakayama Prefecture (Suspended) Cormorant Fishing on the Hijikawa River Ozu City, Ehime Prefecture A flatboat going upstream off Cormorant Fishing on the Mikumagawa River Shimoarase in Awaya-machi, Miyoshi City (1920s) [from a private collection] Hita City, Oita Prefecture Data supplied by Hiroshima Prefectural Historical Folklore Museum (ed.), Mogami River, Arakawa River Gonokawa River Fishery Equipment (2005). River fishing Fishing with a cast net in the Gonokawa River Stake net fishing (tataki fishing) (All 3) [Provided by Hiroshima Prefectural History and Folklore Museum] A cormorant master interacting with a cormorant [Miyoshi City Tourist Association] Compare and find the differences This costume has been developed over the long course of history.
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