In Memoriam : Martin Frey : 1940-2000

Autor(en): Engi, Martin / Schmidt, Susanne Th. / Capitani, Christian de

Objekttyp: Obituary

Zeitschrift: Schweizerische mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen = Bulletin suisse de minéralogie et pétrographie

Band (Jahr): 80 (2000)

Heft 3

PDF erstellt am: 30.09.2021

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http://www.e-periodica.ch SCHWEIZ. MINERAL. PETROGR. MITT. 80,351-355,2000

In Memoriam

Martin Frey 1940-2000

meticulous Martin Frey, outstanding penologist, tragically pursuit of a larger vision: By combining the field and laboratory lost his life in a mountain accident on September documentation in his observations 10, 2000. One fatal step on a hike in his beloved with careful interpretation of fundamental Grison Alps tore him out of his life, a life he had and data, he aimed to identify and these. His goal generously dedicated to science and to his family. metamorphic processes to quantify and what Martin leaves behind his wife, their son and to understand metamorphic rocks they evolution of mountain daughter, both adults. Numerous friends and can tell us about the orogenic His classical students mourn Martin's untimely passing, as do belts became a life-long passion. that of his colleagues at the University of Basel training never allowed him to ignore many done the and around the world. penological studies have most impact if on Hence he set out to Born on July 10,1940 in Trubschachen, Martin basis of systematic field work. outside and them, time and Frey spent his childhood in this small town perfect his skills to apply Bern, Switzerland. Following his gymnasium again. Sciences In 1972, Martin Frey spent a year as a postdoc years in Burgdorf, he went to study Earth Orville at Yale University, at the University of Bern. There he specialized in with Professor Philip M. charismatic teacher. Martin mineralogy and petrology, and he earned his an exceptional and convinced that the rock doctoral degree in 1968 with his dissertation entitled became ever more "Die Metamorphose des Keupers vom Tafeljura record can be and should be deciphered quantitatively phase bis zum Lukmanier-Gebiet". This study, guided by by thermodynamic analysis of Professor Ernst Niggli, remains a classic both in relations. On a personal side, the New England experience bond North America metamorphic petrology and Alpine geology. In initiated a life-long to Yale broadened his his thesis, Martin Frey revealed for a first time his for Martin Frey. Scientifically, and talent and dedication to making small steps in horizon and made him aware of how open 352

international science can and should be. In the genesis to epizone, was introduced by Martin Frey course of his career, this led him to develop and (1969). Beyond the classical studies he undertook maintain contacts with a very large number of in external parts of the Alps, he also contributed colleagues, many of whom he collaborated with. His to the understanding of low-grade metamorphism publication list eventually encompassed some in the Camero Basin (NE Spain), the western one hundred scientists as co-authors! Carpathians (Slovakia), the Diablo Range (California), After returning to Switzerland. Martin Frey in New Caledonia, Chile, and the MacKenzie spent a further three years at the University of Bern, district (Canada). Furthermore, of the three before Full Mineralogy textbooks being appointed Professor of to which Martin Frey contributed very and Petrology at the University of Basel in substantially, two concern exclusively low-grade 1976. He was then 36 years old, one of the youngest metamorphism. members of the Faculty of Natural Sciences; The third of them, written jointly with Kurt he would serve the Faculty as Dean in 1990-91. Bucher, is a completely revised version of For the next 24 years of Martin Frey's life he Winkler's classic "Petrogenesis of Metamorphic directed "his" Institute at the Bernoullianum. He Rocks". Martin Frey had a broad interest in the managed institute with the clear aim to metamorphic rocks and in the processes that shape perform excellent science. His leadership was characterized them. His life-long love of the Central Alps and by competence and fairness. A typical staff his excellent knowledge of the geological literature meeting started with everybody except Martin on them lead Martin Frey to direct much expressing opinions on the different topics of the attention also to areas of higher metamorphic agenda. He would rarely make an important decision grade. Important contributions on several critical right away, but continue to analyze the tectonic units, notably the Adula and Monte Rosa problem for days, sometimes discussing it further nappes, resulted from his own research as well as with some colleagues, assistants or students. Striving the 23 doctoral theses and many diploma projects for an optimal solution to a problem, he would he supervised. The wide spectrum of studies he become very quiet and reserved during such directed in the Alps and his close collaboration periods, and it was obvious that - while he with many colleagues furthered his interest in the enjoyed the responsibility - he suffered under its relevance of regional metamorphism in this heavy burden. polymetamorphic orogen and other complex Martin Frey took all of his responsibilities very belts. He was a driving force in the monumental seriously, with his foremost dedication going to effort of compiling and publishing the new "him teaching and research. His students found in metamorphic map of the Alps (Frey, Desmons an absolutely fair, deeply sincere personality, with and Neubauer, 1999), and since 1997 he also an unusual openness to accept new scientific facts served as president of the UNESCO Subcommission and revise long-held views. He left his doctoral for the Metamorphic Maps of the World. students ample room to formulate and pursue To the scientific community, Martin Frey gave their scientific goals; he led them principally by profusely of his experience and time; he served on example. uncounted committees. Among the long-term Together with his family he returned to time intensive responsibilities Martin Frey North America for sabbatical leaves at Carleton accepted was his service (1987-96) as Scientific University, Ottawa (in 1981) and at Stanford Advisor to the Swiss National Science Foundation, University (in 1989-90 and 1997). Scientifically, these the granting agency supporting the majority visits invariably served as a source of new direction of academic research in Switzerland. In this role, for Martin Frey's research. In the course of Martin's sound scientific judgment and broad the years, the domain of low-grade metamor- perspective, paired with fairness and sincerity phism - already a central topic in his doctoral made him an impartial and widely accepted leading thesis - remained the pet subject of his scientific figure, despite - or because of - his personal curiosity and work. He pioneered this field, both modesty. individually and as an active member of the In the Swiss Society of Mineralogy and Petrology, International Geological Correlation Program Martin Frey acted as Council Member (project 294 "Low-grade metamorphism") initiated (1981-1998) and served as President 1989-91. He in Budapest in 1989. Martin evidently enjoyed organized several of the Society's meetings and and profited from these IGCP meetings, leading field trips, many of which attracted international him to study many of the now classical terrains in participation. For the Swiss Bulletin of Mineralogy which the incipient stages of metamorphism and Petrology he was on the Editorial were being investigated. The term "anchizone", Board since its inception in 1989 and took on the incidentally, describing the transition from dia- responsibility of Co-Editor in 1998. 353

of and While his early professional career, he Frey, M. (1974): Alpine metamorphism pelitic during rocks of the Central Alps. Schweiz. Mineral. concerned with excellence in marly was primarily Petrogr. Mitt. 54,489-506. science, he realized over the years that human qualities Frey, M., Hunziker, J.C., Frank, W„ Bocquet, J., Dal also count in the professional environment. Piaz, G.V., Jäger, E. and Niggli, E. (1974): Alpine of the A review. Schweiz. Thus we knew and appreciated him as an open- metamorphism Alps - Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. 54,247-290. He a man minded and tolerant person. never was Frey.M. and Wieland. B. (1975): Chloritoid in autoch- of many words, but what he said counted. His thon-parautochthonen Sedimenten des Aarmassivs. unassuming way was not just charming, it was Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. 55,407-418. J.C., J.R. and Schwander, convincing. Frey, M„ Hunziker. O'Neil, H. Equilibrium-disequilibrium relations in science lost a (1976): In Martin Frey, the community of the Monte Rosa granite, Western Alps: Petrological, highly respected researcher and an integrating Rb-Sr and stable isotope data. Contrib. Mineral. authority. What remains is his extensive published Petrol. 55,147-179. Gesteins¬ and his to his family, friends, Frey, M., Jäger, E. and Niggli, E. (1976): work memory - im Bereich der Geotraverse Basel- We all miss him metamorphose former students, and colleagues. Chiasso. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. 56,649-659. greatly, his competence and his kind smile. Hoefs, J. and Frey, M. (1976):The isotopic composition of carbonaceous matter in a metamorphic profile from the Swiss Alps. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 40, 945-951. November 9, 2000 Zingg, A., Hunziker, J.C., Frey, M. and Ahrendt. H. Martin Engi. Bern (1976): Age and degree of metamorphism of the Susanne Th. Schmidt, Basel Canavese Zone and of the sedimentary cover of the Christian de Capitani, Basel Sesia Zone. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. 56,361— 375. Venturelli, G. and Frey, M. (1977): Anchizone meta¬ morphism in sedimentary sequences of the Northern Petrol. 33, List of Publications by Martin Frey Apennines. Rend. Soc. It. Mineral. 109-123. I.Journal Articles and Book Chapters Frey M. (1978): Progressive low-grade metamorphism of a black shale formation, Central Swiss Alps, with and margarite Frey, M. (1968): Quartenschiefer, Equisetenschiefer special reference to pyrophyllite J. Petrol. und germanischer Keuper ein lithostratigraphischer bearing assemblages. 19,93-135. - E. and J. (1980): Vergleich. Eclogae geol. Helv. 61,141-156. Frey. M., Bucher, K., Frank, Mullis, the Geotraverse Basel- M. (1968): Zur Metamorphose des Keupers vom Alpine metamorphism along Frey, Helv. 73,527-546. Tafeljura bis zum Lukmanier-Gebiet. Schweiz. Mineral. Chiasso - a review. Eclogae geol. Petrogr. Mitt. 48,829-831. Frey.M..Teichmüller, M.,Teichmüller, F., Mullis, J., A., U. and Frey, M. (1969): Die Metamorphose des Keupers vom Künzi, B., Breitschmid, Gruner, Tafeljura bis zum Lukmanier-Gebiet (Veränderung Schwizer, B. (1980): Very low-grade metamorphism Gesteine vom Bereich der Diagenese in external parts of the Central Alps: Illite crystallin- tonig-mergeliger data. bis zur Staurolith-Zone). Beitr. geol. Karte ity, coal rank and fluid inclusion Eclogae geol. Schweiz, N.F. 137,160 S. Helv. 73,173-203. V. and E. M. (1969): A mixed-layer paragonite/phengite of Frey, M.,Trommsdorff, Wenk, (1980): Alpine Frey, Central Excursion. No. low-grade metamorphic origin. Contrib. Mineral. metamorphism of the Alps. Petrol. 24,63-65. VI, Geol. of Switzerland, Wepf Basel, 295-316. M. The from diagenesis to metamor¬ Rybach. L„ Müller, S., Milnes, A., Ansorge, J., Frey, (1970): step Swiss in rocks during Alpine orogenesis. Bernoulli, D. and Frey, M. (1980): The phism pelitic review. Sedimentology 15,261-279. Geotraverse Basel-Chiasso - a Eclogae geol. M. and E. (1971): Untersuchungen über Helv. 73,437^162. Frey, Niggli, and H. die Metamorphose mesozoischer Sedimentgesteine Frey, M., Bucher, K., Frank, E. Schwander, Schweiz. Mineral. der Schweiz. Verh. Geol. Bundesanstalt Wien Jg. (1982): Margarite in the Central Alps. 1971,255-256. Petrogr. Mitt. 62,21-45. E. and (1983): Frey, M. and Niggli, E. 1971 ): Illite-Krislallinität. Min- Bucher-Nurminen, K., Frank, Frey.M. eralfazien und Inkohlungsgrad. Schweiz. Mineral. A model for the progressive regional metamorphism rocks in the Central Petrogr. Mitt. 51,229-234. of margarite-bearing J. 370-395. M. (1972): Margarite, an important rock-forming Alps. Amer. Sei. 283-A, Frey, and W.B. mineral in regionally metamorphosed low-grade Frey. M., Hunziker, J.C., Jäger, E. Stern, rocks. Naturwissenschaften 59,214-215. (1983): Regional distribution of white K-mica the Central Wagner, A„ Frey, M., Quadrio, F., Schwartzkopff, J. polymorphs and their phengite content in and Stalder, H.A. (1972): Die Mineralfundstellen Alps. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 83,185-197. P.H. and M. Illite von Camperio und Campo Blenio, Kanton Tessin. Thompson, Frey, (1984): "crystallini- and its significance Jb. Naturhist. Mus. Stadt Bern 1969-1971,277-360. ty" in the Western River Formation the J.C., P. and Schind¬ regarding the regional metamorphism of Frey, M., Hunziker, Roggwiller, district of Mac- C. (1973): Progressive niedriggradige Metamorphose early Proterozoic Goulburgn Group, ler, Geol. glaukonitführender Horizonte in den Kenzie. Current Research, Part A. Survey 84-1 409^114. helvetischen Alpen der Ostschweiz. Contrib. Mineral. Canada, Pap. A, Petrol. 39,185-218. Hunziker, J.C., Frey, M., Clauer, N., Dallmeyer, Frey. M. and Orville, P.M. (1973): Plagioclase in mar- R.D., Friedrichsen, H., Flehmig, W., Hochstras- P. and H. (1986): garite-bearing rocks. Amer. J. Sei. 274,31-47. ser, K., Roggwiler, Schwander, 354

The evolution of illite to muscovite: rhineraiogical whole-rock and clinopyroxene and composition. isotopic data from the Glarus Alps, Switzerland. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. 75, 213-224. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 92, 157-180. Sharp,Z.D., Frey, M. and Livi, K.J.T. 1995): Stable iso¬ M. Frey, (1986): Very low-grade metamorphism of the tope variations (H,C, O) in a prograde introduction. metamorphic Alps - an Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Triassic red bed formation. Central Swiss Alps. Mitt. 66,13-27. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. 75, 147-161. Frey, M. (1987): Very low-grade metamorphism of clas¬ Stern, W.B., Mullis, J., Rahn, M., Sun, M. and M. tic Frey, sedimentary rocks. In: Frey, M. (ed.): Low (1995): On the shape of the first 'illite' X-ray Temperature Metamorphism. Blackie, Glasgow and diffraction-reflection, crystallinity, and incipient metamorphism. London, 9-58. Revista Geol. Chile 22,127-135. Frey, M. (1987):The reaction isograd kaolinite + quartz Wang, H., Stern, W.B. and Freyo, M. (1995): Deconvolu¬ + pyrophvllite H20, Helvetic Alps, Switzerland. tion of the X-ray "illite" 10 Ä complex: a case study Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. 65,1—11. of Helvetic sediments from eastern Switzerland. Frey, M. and Kisch, H.J. (1987): Scope of subject. In: Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. 75,187-199. M. Frey, (ed.): Low Temperature Metamorphism. Dalla Torre, M., De Capitani, C., Frey, M., Underwood, Blackie, and Glasgow London, 1-8. M., Mullis, J. and Cox, R. (1996): Very low- Hljnziker, J.C.,Frey,M., Clauer, N. and Dallmeyer, temperature metamorphism of shales from the Diablo R.D. (1987): Reply to the comments on the evolution Range, Franciscan Complex, California: new of illite to muscovite by J.R. Glasmann. Contrib. constraints on the exhumation path. Geol. Soc. Mineral. Petrol. 96,75-77. Amer. Bull. 108,578-601. Frey, M. (1988): Discontinuous inverse metamorphic Dalla Torre, M., Livi, K.J.T., Veblen, D.R. and Glarus Frey, zonation, Alps, Switzerland: evidence from M. (1996): White K-mica evolution from phengite to illite data. "crystallinity" Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. muscovite in shales and shale matrix mélange, Diablo Mitt. 68,171-183. Range, California. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 123 Frey, M., Saunders, J. and Schwander, H. (1988):The 390-405. and mineralogy metamorphic geology of low-grade Dalla Torre, M„ Livi, K.J.T. and Frey, M. (1996): metasediments. Northern Range, Trinidad. J. Geol. Chlorite textures and compositions from Soc. London 145,563-575. high-pressure/low-temperature metashales and metagray- P.C., Sartori. M„ Bugnon, Frey, M., Ganguin, J., Mas- wackes, Diablo Range, California, USA. Eur. J. Mineral. son, H„ Steck, A. and Thélin, Ph. (1989): Compte- 8,825-846. rendu de l'excursion commune de la SSMP et de la Froitzheim, N„ Schmid. S.M. and M. (1996): SGS: Frey, le profil Rawil-Zermatt 9/10/11 octobre 1988. Mesozoic paleogeography and the timing of Schweiz. eclogite Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. 69,261-282. facies metamorphism in the Alps: A working Frey, M., De Capitani, C. and Ltou, J.G. (1991): A new hypothesis. Eclogae geol. Helv. 89.81—110. petrogenetic grid for low-grade metabasites. J. Kahr, G., Frey, M. and Madsen, F.T. (1996): Determi¬ metamorphic Geol. 9,497-509. nation of metamorphic grade by thermoanalytical J.G.. De C. and Liou, Capitani, Frey, M. (1991): Zeolite dehydroxylation of clays and combustion of accompanied equilibria in the system CaAl2Si208-NaAlSi30s- organic compounds and pyrite. Schweiz. Si02-H:0. New Zealand J. Geol. and Geophys. 34. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. 76. 165-173. 293-301. Schmid. S., Froitzheim. N., Heilbronner. R.. StOnitz, W.B., Stern. Mullis, J„ Rahn, M. and Frey, M. (1991): Fl. and Frey, M. (1996): Second Workshop on Deconvolution the first of "illite" basal reflection. Alpine Geology: Editorial remarks and results of a Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. 71,453-462. round-table discussion about perspectives of M. and Frey, Burkhard, M. (1992): Mineralogisch-pe- geological research in the Alps. Ecloge geol. Helv. 89,1-6. trologische Exkursion zur progressiven alpinen Sperlich, R„ Gieré. R. and Frey, M. (1996): Evolution Metamorphose der Zentralalpen. Beih. z. Eur. J of compositional polarity and zoning in tourmaline Mineral. 4/2,103-122. during prograde metamorphism of sedimentary Frey, M., Hunziker, J.C., Schmid, S.M., Thoenen. T. rocks in the Swiss Central Alps. Amer. Mineralogist and Trommsdorff, V. (1992): Bericht über die 81,1222-1236. Exkursion der Schweizerischen Mineralogischen Wang, H., Frey, M. and Stern, W.B. (1996): Diagenesis und Petrographischen Gesellschaft zum Thema and metamorphism of clay minerals in the Helvetic "Hochdruck-Metamorphose in der Adula-Decke" Alps of eastern Switzerland. Clay and Clay Minerals (29. September bis 5. Oktober 1991). Schweiz. Mineral. 44,96-112. Petrogr. Mitt. 72, 271-279. Arkai, P.. Balogh, K. and Frey, M. (1997): The effects M.. S.M. Frey, Schmid, and Stahel, A. (1993): Symposium of tectonic stress on crystallinity. mean crystallite metamorphism and deformation: introduction. size and lattice strain of phyllosilicates in low-temperature Schweiz. Mineral Petrogr. Mitt. 73.175-176. metamorphic rocks. A case study from the Dalla Torre, M., Stern, W.B. and Frey, M. (1994): Glarus overthrust, Switzerland. Schweiz. Mineral. Determination of white K-mica polytype ratios: Petrogr. Mitt. 77,27^10. comparison of different XRD methods. Clav Minerals Dalla Torre, M. and Frey, M. (1997): The evolution 29,717-726. from disordered Ad to ordered 2M1 white K-mica M.. Rahn, Mullis, J., Erdelbrock, K. and Frey, M. polytype in low-temperature sedimentary rocks. (1994): Very low-grade metamorphism of the Tavey- Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. 77,149-159. anne greywacke, Glarus Alps, Switzerland. J. Livi, K.J.T., Veblen, D.R., Ferry, J.M. and Frey, M. metamorphic Geol. 12,625-641. (1997): Evolution of 2:1 layered silicates in low- Rahn, M„ Mullis, J., Erdelbrock, K. and Frey, M. grade metamorphosed Liassic shales of Central (1995): Alpine metamorphism in the North Helvetic Switzerland. J. metamorphic Geol. 15,323-344. Flysch of the Glarus Alps, Switzerland. Eclogae geol. Rahn. M.. HuRFORD.A.J.and Frey.M. (1997): Rotation Helv. 88,157-178. and exhumation of a thrust plane: Apatite fission W.B. Rahn. M„ Stern, and Frey, M. (1995): The origin track data from the Glarus thrust, Switzerland. Geology, of the Taveyannaz sandstone: arguments from 25,599-602. 355

Sic HY. V., Frey, M. and Wolf, M. (1997): Vitrinite re¬ Schmidt, D., Livi, K.J.T. and Frey.M. (1999): Reaction flectance and shear-induced graphitization in oro- progress in chloritic material: an electron micro- genic belts: a case study from the Kandersteg area, beam study of the Taveyanne greywacke, Switzerland. Helvetic Alps. Switzerland. Internat. J. Coal Geol., J. metamorphic Geol. 17,229-241. 34,1-2Ü. Engi, M. and Frey, M. (2000) Arnold Stahel. journal Schmidt, D.. Schmidt, S.Th., Mullis. J.. Ferreiro editor (1986-2000). Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. Mählmann, R. and Frey. M. (1997): Very low-grade 80,107-108. metamorphism of theTaveyanne formation of western Luptak, B., Janak, M.. Plasienka. D.. Schmidt, S.Th. Switzerland. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 129, and Frey. M. (2000): Chloritoid-kyanite schists from 385—403. the Veporic unit. Western Carpathians, Slovakia: Meyre, C. and Frey, M. (1998): Eclogite fades meta¬ implications for Alpine (Cretaceous) metamorphism. morphism and deformation of the middle Adula Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. 80,213-223. nappe (Central Alps, Switzerland): Excursion to Plasienka, D., Janak, M., Luptak, B., Milovsky, R. Trescolmen. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. 78, and Frey, M. (2000): Kinematics and metamorphism 355-362. of a Cretaceous core complex: the Veporic Chemistry Dt SMONS, J.. APRAHAMIAN, J.. COMPAGNONI, R., CORTE- Unit of the Western Carpathians. Physics and soüno, L. and Frey, M. (1999): Alpine metamorphism of the Earth, in press. of the Western Alps: 1. Middle to high T/P metamorphism. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. 79, 89-110. 2. Textbooks and Topical Maps DESMONS, J., COMPAGNONI. R., CORTESOGNO, L., FREY, M. and Gaggero, L. (1999): Pre-Alpine metamorphism Bucher. K. and Frey. M. (1994): Petrogenesis of Meta¬ of the Internal zones of the Western Alps. morphic Rocks. Completely Revised 6th Edition of Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. 79,23-39. Winkler's Textbook. Springer. Berlin, 318 pp. Frey, M.. Desmons, J. and Neubauer, F. (1999): The Frey, M. (ed.) (1987): Low Temperature Metamor¬ new metamorphic map of the Alps: Introduction. phism. Blackie, Glasgow and London, 351 pp. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. 79, 1-4. Frey, M. and Robinson, D. (eds) (1999): Low-Grade Frey, M. and Ferreiro Mählmann. R. (1999): Alpine Metamorphism. Blackwell Science, Oxford, 313 pp. metamorphism of the Central Alps. Schweiz. Mineral. Frey, M., Desmons, J. and Neubauer, F. (eds) (1999): Petrogr. Mitt. 79.135-154. Metamorphic Maps of the Alps. Published by the Merriman, R.J. and Frey, M. (1999): Patterns of very editors and as an enclosure to Schweiz. Mineral. low-grade metamorphism in metapelitic rocks. In: Petrogr. Mitt. 79/1. Frey,M.and Robinson.D. (eds): Low-Grade Metamorphism. Blackwell Science, Oxford. 61-107. Meyre, C.. de Capitani, C., Zach, T. and Frey, M. (1999): Petrology of high-pressure metapelites from the Adula nappe (Central Alps, Switzerland). J. Petrol. 40,199-213.