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„Portugalska Szkoďa Konserwacji” – Kwartaď Das Cardosas Wbcentrum Porto “Portuguese School of Conservation” – Quar

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„Portugalska Szkoďa Konserwacji” – Kwartaď Das Cardosas Wbcentrum Porto “Portuguese School of Conservation” – Quar NAUKA S CIENCE Dominika KuĂnierz-Krupa* „Portugalska szko ïa konserwacji” – kwarta ï das Cardosas wbcentrum Porto “Portuguese school of conservation” – quarter das Cardosas in the centre of Porto Sïowa kluczowe: Porto, kwarta ï das Cardosas, realizacja Key words: Porto, quarter das Cardosas, conservation reali- konserwatorska, rewaloryzacja historycznego centrum miasta sation, restoration of historic city centre Porto lub Oporto, jak mówi È mieszka ñcy krajów anglo- Porto or Oporto, as it is called by English-speaking peo- saskich, jest drugim co do wielko Ăci miastem Portugalii oraz ple, is the second largest city in Portugal and the capital of stolic È pó ïnocnej cz ÚĂ ci kraju. Miasto le ĝy nad rzek È Douro, the northern part of the country. The city lies on the river oko ïo pi Úciu kilometrów od jej uj Ăcia do Oceanu Atlantyckie- Douro, approximately fi ve km from where it fl ows into the go. Osadnictwo, które da ïo pocz Ètek pó ěniejszemu miastu, Atlantic Ocean. The settlement which gave rise to the later rozwin Úï o si Ú na pó ïnocnym brzegu rzeki w bIbw. p.n.e. Osada city developed on the north bank of the river in the 1 st cen- nazwana Portus Cale 1 pe ïni ïa funkcj Ú portu i bprzez kolejne wieki tury B.C. The settlement, known as Portus Cale 1, was a bsea nÚkana by ïa licznymi najazdami ze strony plemion Wizygotów port and for several centuries was repeatedly invaded by the oraz Maurów. Miasto znalaz ïo si Ú w bstrefi e wp ïywów cywilizacji Visigoth and Moorish tribes. The city fell under Christian chrze Ăcija ñskiej dopiero w bXI wieku 2. Od tego momentu rozpo- infl uence only as late as the 11 th century 2. Since then it has cz Èï si Ú jego ustawiczny rozwój. Dokumenty ěród ïowe podaj È, continuously developed. Sources inform that Porto already ĝe w b1374 roku Porto posiada ïo ju ĝ mury obronne 3, co wobec had defensive walls in 1374 3 which, considering the compli- skomplikowanego ukszta ïtowania terenu by ïo du ĝym osi Ègni Ú- cated lie of the land, was a bgreat engineering achievement. ciem in ĝynierskim. W bkolejnych wiekach miasto powi Úksza ïo In the following centuries the city expanded, spreading also swoje granice, zajmuj Èc tak ĝe drugi brzeg rzeki Douro, gdzie onto the other bank of the river Douro, where the suburb Vila rozwin Úï o si Ú przedmie Ăcie Vila Nova de Gaia. Rozwój ten Nova de Gaia developed. The development also infl uenced wp ïyn Èï tak ĝe na stale rosn ÈcÈ liczb Ú mieszka ñców Porto, która the continuously growing population of Porto which, in the wbwieku XVIII wynosi ïa ponad 61 tysi Úcy obywateli 4. 18 th century, numbered more than 61 thousand 4. Wiek nast Úpny to okres rozwoju przemysïu w bmieĂcie, co The next century was a bperiod of industrial development wi Èza ïo si Ú z bpo ïÈ czeniem obu brzegów Douro dwupoziomo- in the city, which was connected with a b two-level bridge, wym mostem, który zaprojektowa ï ucze ñ Gustave’a bEiffela designed by a bdisciple of Gustave Eiffel – Teophil Seyriga 5, – Teofi l Seyriga 5. spanning the banks of the Douro. Ca ïy okres historii miasta, w bktórym wbPorto miesza ïy si Ú The whole period of the city history when various ró ĝnorodne kultury ibwp ïywy, a btakĝe jego mi Údzynarodowa cultures and infl uences merged in Porto, as well as its in- pozycja jako portu, zbktórego wyruszaïy pierwsze dalekomor- ternational status of a bport from which the fi rst ocean-going skie ekspedycje, sprawi ïy, ĝe w bmie Ăcie znajduje si Ú niezli- expeditions set off, resulted in the city boasting innumer- czona iloĂÊ zabytków. W bzwiÈzku zbogromnym potencjaïem able historical buildings. Because of its immense potential wbsferze dziedzictwa historycznego Porto, podobnie jak inne as far as historical heritage is concerned, Porto, like other europejskie miasta, boryka si Ú z bproblemem pilnej potrzeby European cities, faces the challenge of urgent need to restore rewaloryzacji tych obiektów6. those object 6. Wb 2005 roku jednostka miejska trzymaj Èca piecz Ú nad In 2005, the municipal unit taking care of the restoration procesem rewaloryzacji Porto (Porto Vivo SRU) zdecydowa ïa process in Porto (Porto Vivo SRU) decided to create an over- * Dominika Ku Ănierz-Krupa, dr in ĝ. arch., arch. krajobrazu, Instytut * Dominika Ku Ănierz-Krupa, dr in ĝ. arch., landscape arch., Institute of Hi- Historii Architektury i bKonserwacji Zabytków, Wydzia ï Architek- story of Architecture and Monument Conservation, Faculty of Architecture tury Politechniki Krakowskiej at the Cracow University of Technology Praca dopuszczona do druku po recenzjach Article accepted for publishing after reviews WiadomoĞci Konserwatorskie • Journal of Heritage Conservation • 33/2013 39 Ryc. 1. Widok na najstarszą czĊĞü Porto, poáoĪon ą na prawym brzegu rzeki Douro, fot. D. KuĞnierz-Krupa, 09.2012 Fig. 1. View of the oldest part of Porto, located on the right bank of the river Douro, photo D. KuĞnierz-Krupa, 09.2012 Ryc. 5. Widok na pa áac das Cardosas od strony pó ánocnej w 1833 roku, wg rysunku Joaquima Cardoso Vilanovy [w:] materia áy Urz Ċdu Miasta Porto, jedn. Porto Vivo SRU Fig. 5. View of the palace das Cardosas from the north in 1833, acc. to a drawing by Joaquim Cardoso Vilanova [in:] materials of the City of Porto Ryc. 2. Mapa Porto. Zaznaczono historyczne centrum, w którym po áoĪony Offi ce, Porto Vivo SRU jest kwartaá das Casdosas [w:] materiaáy Porto ViVO SRU Fig. 2. Map of Porto. Marked historic centre where the quarter das Cas- dosas is located [in:] materials Porto ViVO SRU Ryc. 3. Widok na adaptacj Ċ Mercado Ferreira Borges, gdzie obecnie znaj- duje siĊ centrum kulturalno-wystawowe, fot. D. KuĞnierz-Krupa, 09.2012 Fig. 3. View of the adaptation of Mercado Ferreira Borges, which currently house the cultural-exhibition centre, photo D. KuĞnierz-Krupa, 09.2012 Ryc. 6. Widok na pa áac i pasa Ī das Cardosas od strony wschodniej w 1880 roku [w:] materiaáy UrzĊdu Miasta Porto, jedn. Porto Vivo SRU Fig. 6. View of the palace and passage das Cardosas from the east in 1880 [in:] materials of the City of Porto Offi ce, Porto Vivo SRU Ż Ryc. 4. Kwarta á das Cardosas przed interwencj ą konserwatorsk ą na zdjĊciu satelitarnym [w:] Google Earth, 10.02.2013 Fig. 4. Quarter das Cardosas before conservation intervention on a satellite photo [in:] Google Earth, 10.02.2013 40 WiadomoĞci Konserwatorskie • Journal of Heritage Conservation • 33/2013 obutworzeniu ramowego dokumentu, który bÚdzie zawieraï all document which would include guidelines and regulations zalecenia i bprzepisy dotycz Èce procesu rewaloryzacji historycz- concerning the process of revalorization of the historic centre nego centrum Porto (ryc. 2). W bdokumencie tym zdefi niowano of Porto (fi g. 2). The main trends, objectives and measures takĝe g ïówne kierunki, cele ibĂ rodki wykonawcze wbprocesie needed to execute the restoration process were also defi ned in rewaloryzacji. Wed ïug w ïadz miasta proces rewaloryzacji the document. According to the local authorities, the process zabytkowej tkanki miejskiej powinien by Ê jasny i bczytelny. of restoring the historic substance of the city should be clear Powinien tak ĝe prowadzi Ê do przywrócenia atrakcyjno Ăci and legible. It should also aim at restoring the attractiveness miasta, przy wsparciu spo ïecznym i bwykorzystaniu potencja ïu of the city, using its economic potential and social support ekonomicznego. Besides the above mentioned document, within legal Oprócz ww. dokumentu, w bramach regulacji prawnych regulations concerning revalorisation of the historic urban dotyczÈcych rewaloryzacji zabytkowej przestrzeni miejskiej, space, prepared in 2009, the city authorities requested the opracowanych wb2009 roku, wïadze miasta poleciïy jednostce Porto Vivo SRU unit to prepared an initial project determin- Porto Vivo SRU opracowanie wst Úpnego projektu wyznacze- ing a bpriority zone for conservation intervention (PCIZ) in nia priorytetowej strefy interwencji konserwatorskiej (PSI) the oldest part of Porto. The project was approved by the wbnajstarszej cz ÚĂ ci Porto. Projekt ten zosta ï zaaprobowany town council in 2012. przez radÚ miasta wbroku 2012. Within the strategy prepared in 2005 by Porto Vivo Wbramach opracowanej w b2005 roku przez Porto Vivo SRU, several conservation interventions were carried out SRU strategii przeprowadzono szereg interwencji konserwa- in the historic city centre. One of the most interesting was torskich w bhistorycznym centrum miasta. Jedn È z bciekawszych revalorisation of the public space, completed in 2011 in the by ïa rewaloryzacja przestrzeni publicznej, przeprowadzona Morro da Se district, which encompassed the streets: Rua wb 2011 roku w b dzielnicy Morro da Se, która obj Úï a ulice: de D. Hugo, Largo D. Pedro Vitorino, Largo do Colegio e Rua de D. Hugo, Largo D. Pedro Vitorino, Largo do Colegio Viela de S. Laurenco 7. Apart from that investment, at the turn ebViela de S. Laurenco 7. Prócz tej inwestycji na prze ïomie 2010 of 2010 and 2011 the project called Patio Luso 8 was realised, ib2011 roku zrealizowano projekt Patio Luso 8, który dotyczy ï which involved revalorization of the Rua Sa de Noronha rewaloryzacji przestrzeni ulicy Rua Sa de Noronha. W bramach street. Within the project eight historic buildings were mod- projektu zmodernizowano osiem obiektów zabytkowych, ernised, including the famous Luso Cafe in one of them, and abwbjednym z bnich s ïynn È Luso Cafe, a btak ĝe stworzono bogat È also a brich offer of residential (in the form of apartments in ofert Ú mieszkaniow È (w bpostaci apartamentów w bzabytkowych historic interiors), offi ce and commercial opportunities was wn Útrzach) oraz biurowÈ i bkomercyjnÈ. Wszystkie elementy created. All elements of the project are connected by a bpublic, projektu ïÈ czy publiczny, ogólnodost Úpny dziedziniec Patio generally accessible courtyard of Patio Luso, created earlier Luso, stworzony we wczeĂniej niezagospodarowanej, zdegra- in the underdeveloped, degraded space between tenements.
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