Heritage Statement Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

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By GK Heritage Consultants Ltd April 2019 V4 (ed) October 2019.

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

Heritage Statement Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

GK Heritage Consultants Ltd Report 2019/121

April 2019

Prepared on behalf of: Energion Date of compilation: April 2019 Compiled by: G Kendall MCIfA Local Authority: Bridgend County Borough Council Site central NGR: SS96908137: (296908, 181377)

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 4 1.1 Project and Planning Background ...... 4 1.2 Site Description ...... 4 1.3 Proposed Development ...... 5 1.4 Geology ...... 5 2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ...... 5

3 METHOD STATEMENT ...... 6 3.2 Information Sources ...... 6

4 PLANNING POLICY WALES 2017 ...... 7 4.1 Historic Environment (Wales) Act 2016...... 7 5 BASELINE DATA ...... 9 5.1 Statutory and local heritage designations ...... 9 5.2 Non-Designated Assets ...... 9 5.3 Historic Landscape Character ...... 10 5.4 Pencoed Technology Park and Sony Factory ...... 10 5.5 Archaeological and Historical Background ...... 11 5.6 Synthesis of Historic Development ...... 15 6 ASSESSMENT OF HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE & POTENTIAL IMPACT ...... 17 6.1 Historic Landscape ...... 17 6.2 Affected Non-Designated Assets ...... 18 6.3 Heritage Significance ...... 18 6.4 Magnitude of Impact and Significance of Effect...... 19 7 POTENTIAL INDIRECT DEVELOPMENT IMPACTS ON DESIGNATED HERITAGE ASSETS ...... 19 7.1 Conclusions ...... 19

8 PUBLICITY, CONFIDENTIALITY AND COPYRIGHT...... 19 8.1 Statement of Indemnity ...... 20 8.2 Acknowledgements ...... 20

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Listed Buildings within 1km ...... 9 Table 2: Scheduled Monuments 1km ...... 9 Table 3: Non-Designated Assets 1km ...... 10

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1: Designated and non-designated heritage assets ...... 21 Appendix 2: Site photographs ...... 22 Appendix 3: Impact Assessment Methodology ...... 26 Appendix 4: Report Conditions ...... 29

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Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project and Planning Background 1.1.1 GK Heritage Consultants Ltd were commissioned by Energion to undertake a Heritage Statement of Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU. The proposed development is for the installation of a 2 mw Peaking Gas Development. 1.2 Site Description 1.2.1 The proposed area of development (hereafter referred to as the “PDA”) is located on land to the north of Felindre Road, to the east of the town of Pencoed, Bridgend (Fig.1). 1.2.3 The PDA forms the northern part of two fields which lie directly adjacent to Felindre Road. The Site is bounded by open fields and scrub land to the north, east, south and west. There is an existing sub- station located to the south-west. To the north-east is a large field with stables associated with Felindre Mill. 1.2.4 The nearest sensitive receptors (residential and educational premises) are Felindre Mill, approximately 220 m north-east, the Old Mill, approximately 250 m south-east and the Pencoed Travel lodge and Pencoed Growers Nursery, 280-300 m east. Bridgend College lies to the north over 400 m from the site boundary. Fig.1 Location Plan.

PDA

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

1.3 Proposed Development 1.3.1 The proposed planning application is for the installation of 9, 2 MW engines, fuelled by natural gas. The engines would be housed in container buildings 3.8 m in height. The emission flues would terminate above the containers at 12 m above ground level. There would be a total of 10 emission flues with two engines per flue. 1.3.2 Also included on site would be a small switch room and gas kiosk. 1.4 Geology 1.4.1 According to the British Geological Survey Map (1:50000) online map1 the site is underlain by Marros Group - Mudstone, Siltstone and Sandstone. Sedimentary Bedrock formed approximately 319 to 329 million years ago in the Carboniferous Period. Overlying this are superficial layers of River Terrace Deposits (undifferentiated) - Sand and Gravel. Superficial Deposits formed up to 3 million years ago in the Quaternary Period. Local environment previously dominated by rivers.

2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 2.1 The principal aims of this assessment are to produce a report detailing any archaeological potential of the PDA, and to assess the potential impacts of the proposed development upon any buried and upstanding archaeological remains, historic buildings, the historic landscape and the settings of nationally designated assets and to assess their significance. The following objectives will contribute towards accomplishing this aim:

◆ To collate and assess existing information about the historic environment within the study area and to determine as fully as possible from the available evidence the nature, survival, quality, extent and importance of any archaeological remains and any upstanding buildings/structures within the PDA.

◆ To provide an assessment of the areas of archaeological potential and survival based on the above research and assess the potential for the use of particular investigative techniques in order to aid the formulation of any necessary mitigation strategy, including further evaluation, excavation, and/or preservation of archaeological remains.

◆ To assess, where possible from the available sources, the extent of any ground disturbance associated with any previous intrusive development.

1 http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

◆ To provide an assessment of potential impacts of the proposed development to the settings of cultural heritage assets and make recommendations for further detailed assessment should this be considered necessary. 3 METHOD STATEMENT 3.1 This assessment was undertaken in accordance with the guidelines set out in The Chartered Institute for Archaeologists’ Standards and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk Based Assessment (CIfA 2017)2. 3.2 Information Sources 3.2.1 The Baseline section (5) has been established with reference to a study area comprising land within the Site and up to 1km from it. The following sources relating to this area have been consulted:

◆ Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust (‘HER’) for archaeological information (1km)

◆ Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW)

◆ CADW for designated heritage assets (2km);

◆ British Geological Survey for geology data (site only);

◆ on-line air/satellite photographs;

◆ client information on proposed development;

◆ Online sources for historic mapping; and

◆ site and locality inspection.

2 https://www.archaeologists.net/sites/default/files/CIfAS%26GDBA_3.pdf

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

4 PLANNING POLICY WALES 2018 Technical Advice Note 24: The Historic Environment3:

The TAN provides guidance on how the following aspects of the historic environment should be considered:

◆ World Heritage Sites

◆ scheduled monuments

◆ archaeological remains

◆ listed buildings

◆ conservation areas

◆ historic parks and gardens

◆ historic landscapes

◆ historic assets of special local interest. The TAN replaces the following Welsh Office Circulars:

◆ 60/96 Planning and the Historic Environment: Archaeology

◆ 61/96 Planning and the Historic Environment: Historic Buildings and Conservation Areas

◆ 1/98 Planning and the Historic Environment: Directions by the Secretary of State for Wales. Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979.4 Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 19905 4.1 Historic Environment (Wales) Act 20166. Overview (1) This Act has five Parts. (2) This Part provides an overview of this Act. (3) Part 2 makes amendments to the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 (c.46), primarily in relation to ancient monuments in Wales. It also makes provision for the Welsh Ministers to compile and maintain a register of historic parks and gardens. (4) Part 3 makes amendments to the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 (c.9) in relation to buildings in Wales that are of special architectural or historic interest (“listed buildings”). (5) Part 4 makes other provision

3 https://gweddill.gov.wales/docs/desh/policy/180223tan-24-the-historic-environment-en.pdf 4 https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1979/46 5 https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1990/9/contents 6 http://www.legislation.gov.uk/anaw/2016/4/section/1/enacted

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

about the historic environment in Wales, including provision— (a) for the compilation of a list of historic place names in Wales (section 34), (b) for the compilation of a historic environment record for each local authority area in Wales (sections 35 to 37), and (c) for the establishment, constitution and functions of the Advisory Panel for the Welsh Historic Environment (sections 38 and 39). (6) Part 5 contains provision that applies generally for the purposes of this Act. Other guidance 4.6 This report has also been prepared with regards to guidance on development within the historic environment both in Wales and the wider United Kingdom, including; 1 Conservation Principles for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment in Wales (Cadw 2011) 2 Guide to Good Practice on Using the Register of Landscapes of Historic Interest in Wales in the Planning and Development Process (Cadw 2007) 3 The Hedgerows Regulations 19977 4 Heritage Impact Assessment in Wales, Welsh Government, Cadw, 2017 5 Setting of Historic Assets in Wales, Welsh Government, Cadw, 2017 Local Policy

◆ Bridgend Local Development Plan 2006-20218 ,Built and Historic Environment

◆ SP5 Conservation of the Built and Historic Environment

◆ ENV8 Heritage Assets and Regeneration

7 http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/1160/introduction/made

8 https://www.bridgend.gov.uk/media/1899/written-statement.pdf

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

5 BASELINE DATA 5.1 Statutory and local heritage designations 5.1.1 A study area of 2km was looked at for the provision of data for Grade 1 and 2* listed buildings, scheduled monuments, conservation areas, registered parks and gardens and world heritage sites. None of these assets were present except for 13 grade II listed buildings and 3 scheduled monuments. There are no designated heritage assets within the PDA. None of the above designated assets are considered to be under threat from indirect impact beyond 1km. 5.1.2 There are 8 Listed Buildings within 1km of the proposed development site, all are of Grade II status. Further, there are two scheduled monuments within 1km. Due to the intervening topography, vegetation and distance it is not considered that these designated assets will be indirectly impacted by the proposed development and thus their setting will not suffer significant harm. These are outlined in the table below and annotated on DWG 1, Appendix A. Table 1. Listed Buildings within 1km.

No Ref Description Distance and Direction Grade

1 87712 Brynnau Gwynion Overbridge 1.1 km NE II

2 19479 War Memorial and Railings 0.9 km W II

3 19478 Church of St David 0.9 km NW II

4 19481 Salem Chapel 1.1 km SW II

5 19480 Bridge over Afon Ewenni 0.6 km NNW II

6 13159 Church of SS Ilid and Curig 0.9 km E II

7 19476 Bridge at Tregroes 0.3km NNW II

8 19475 Tregroes aka Pencoed College 0.4 km N II

Table 2. Scheduled Monuments within 1km

No Ref Description Distance and Direction

1 2240 Llanilid Castle Mound 0.9km E

2 409 Gadlys Medieval Moated Site 1km SE

5.2 Non-Designated Assets 5.2.1 There are no known archaeological remains within the PDA. However, within the 1km study area the Gwent Glamorgan HER notes 12 records. These are outlined in the table below and annotated on DWG 2, Appendix A.

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

Table 3. Non-Designated Assets

PRN Name NGR Period Type Condition

GGAT00387m CHURCH OF ST ILID AND SS97808130 Medieval Church Not known CURIG AT LLANILID

GGAT00875m MOATED HOMESTEAD, SS97118113 Medieval Moat Near destroyed LLANILID

GGAT00899.0m HEOL PORTH-MAWR SS9590781369 Medieval Road Not known

GGAT01165m Possible Village, Llanilid SS977814 Medieval Deserted Not known rural settlement

GGAT01359m OLD PARSONAGE SS97728134 Post-Medieval Parsonage Near intact

GGAT01512m BRYNCWTYN SS96628089 Post-Medieval House Destroyed

GGAT01847m GRETE MILL SS97178139 Medieval Water mill Near destroyed

GGAT04632m LLANILID CHURCHYARD SS97808130 Medieval Churchyard Not known

GGAT04673m ECCLUS ILID SS97808130 Early Church Not known Medieval

GGAT06107m Mill race for Grete Corn SS97268159 Unknown mill race Not known Mil

GGAT07886m Hedgerows at Pencoed SS9678080702 Post-Medieval Hedge Intact Technology Park

5.3 Historic Landscape Character 5.3.1 The PDA lies entirely within the Pencoed & Coychurch transport corridor (H15). This unassessed area has been categorised as a transport corridor, since it is the proximity to the roads and railways which has caused the historic settlements of Pencoed and Coychurch to expand to their present size. The surrounding field systems were laid out in the Medieval to Post Medieval period and are represented by regular fieldscapes interspersed with nucleated settlement hedgerows and trees. 5.4 Pencoed Technology Park and Sony Factory PRN E004661 In 2002, Cotswold Archaeological Trust undertook an Environmental Statement (ES) on behalf of the Welsh Development Agency, in order to inform development plans for a site at Pencoed Technology Park. The ES stated that the proposed development had the potential to impact upon the following archaeological features: a moated site close to the settlement of Felindre (00875m); early historical field divisions; a former course of the Ewenni Fach; and a number of historic hedgerows. It was concluded that there would be no negative impact on the majority of these sites, and a positive impact on the moated site, as proposals for its maintenance were included in the site management plan. These proposals

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

comprised fencing the area of the monument off to provide protection from erosion by livestock, and making provision for it to be mown twice a year. The only potential negative impact identified by the ES was the removal of several historic hedgerows during the construction of the new units, and a recommendation was made to gain the necessary statutory consent prior to their removal. It was concluded that the potential for the presence of as yet unrecorded below ground archaeological remains was low, based on the known archaeological resource in the area, and limited evidence found during an evaluation at the adjacent Sony factory site (E003850). However, the ES recommended the implementation of a watching brief during groundworks for the proposed buildings (Cotswold Archaeological Trust 2002). No archaeological features were discovered during the watching brief (E005819) undertaken in 2006. Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust were commissioned by Mid-Glamorgan County Council to undertake an archaeological field evaluation (E003851) on what was to be the site of a factory built for Sony Manufacturing Co. UK. The site covers an area of 26.5 hectares (65.5 acres) of farmland and associated tracks and yards. The work was carried out in the last two weeks of May 1991. The evaluation consisted of 51 trenches. The majority of the 51 sections excavated produced no indication of any features of archaeological interest although section 51 uncovered the remains of the old farmstead. 5.5 Archaeological and Historical Background Prehistoric and Roman Landscape 5.4.1 No archaeological sites or finds dating from the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic or Neolithic periods have been identified within the Study Area. 5.4.2 The temperate climate during the Early to Middle Bronze Age saw increased activity on the uplands above the valleys. However, climate change in the later Bronze Age will have seen a withdrawal to the lower slopes and valley floors. 5.4.3 While there are no Iron Age sites within the Study Area there are a number located within the wider area. A hillfort, 1.6 km southwest of the site, at Coed-y- mystwr‚ an Iron Age enclosure 2.5km southwest of the site, at Coed-y-Gaer and at 3km south of the site, a hillfort is situated at Craig Tan y Lan. 5.4.4 These sites show a variety of uses, from settlement to ceremonial and ritual purposes. These monuments may reflect the changing social structure from the later Bronze Age that ultimately manifests itself in the tribe known as the Silures who are recorded by the Romans but ultimately suggests that the area was far from absent of activity. 5.4.5 Roman incursion into Wales occurs relatively soon after the invasion in AD43 as military operations sought to establish control in mineral rich areas such as southern Wales and the Mendips in Somerset. The difficulty of establishing Roman rule in this area has been well documented and the ongoing struggles between the

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

native Silures tribe and the Roman forces from AD48 prevented the effective Romanisation of the area until AD75. 5.4.6 There is evidence for forts and temporary military camps at Cardiff and Pontypridd as well as the presence of villas such as Caermead suggest extensive and prolonged Roman occupation in the wider area. Nevertheless, continuity of settlement and land-use is likely to have continued from the Iron Age. 5.4.7 No archaeological sites or finds dating from the Roman period have been identified within the study area. This is consistent with the lack of settlement activity in the later Bronze Age and Iron Age described above. However, The A48, which passes through Bridgend, lies along the Roman road from Cardiff and Carmarthen. Early Medieval and Medieval Landscape 5.4.8 No archaeological sites or finds dating from the early medieval period have been identified within the study area save for one reference in Lifris's Vita Sancti Cadoci of c 1100 refers to 'the vill of Ecclus Ilid' as a property of Llancarfan, located 1km east (GGAT04673m) of the PDA. 5.4.9 The earliest record of Pencoed, according to King and King (1990)9, dates to 721 AD; this is a verifiable reference within a 16th century document (Brut Aberpergwm, or Red Book of Hergest) by Iolo Morgannwg. 5.4.10 In addition, documentary sources point to a battle having been fought at a place called Pencon or Pencoed, in about 722 AD. Although, the 1st edition OS map (1877) pin points this site at SS95108095, the NMR record explains that there is no supporting evidence for this. 5.4.11 One of the earliest traceable references to Pencoed dates from 1303 when, in a deed of Ewenny Priory, Payn de Turberville, the Lord of Coity, granted permission to the monks “…to gather firewood in the woods of Penkoyt, excepting oak, ash and trees bearing crab apples”. At that time, there was fishing and there was firewood but no proof of settlement yet. The area was predominantly wooded and many of the local names reflected this feature. The name ‘Pencoed’ is generally accepted as deriving from the Welsh words pen (meaning head or end) and Coed (wood) – hence head, or end, of the wood. 5.4.12 After the Norman invasion, fortifications were built in the area. Approximately 1km east of the PDA are two moated sites which are both scheduled monuments: • GM080 This monument comprises the remains of a motte dating to the medieval period (c. 1066 -1540 AD). It follows the standard pattern of a steep-sided circular mound, with a ditch around it on all but the east side. A causeway across the ditch on the south side may indicate an entrance. The

9 King. S. and King. W.1990, Pencoed Past, Vol. 1 and 2

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

top of the mound is flat, and the bank around its rim 1-2m high. The bailey is thought to lie to the south, possibly including the ground that the church and churchyard now stand on. The castle was in the Norman sublordship of Ruthin, the overlords of which, from the 12th century to 1245, were the Siwards of Llanblethian and Talyfan. At some time after 1245 it was probably replaced as an administrative centre by the moated site of Gadlys south of the church. • GM081 The monument comprises the remains of a well-preserved medieval moated homestead. This site may have been the administrative centre of the sublordship of Ruthin during the 13th century, possibly superseding the motte castle nearby (GM080). Its situation in low ground is a typical one for moated sites, and water could have been let into the moat from the boggy area to the north. All that remains of the site are low banks on the west, south and east sides of a roughly rectangular area. Slight vestiges of the moat which once surrounded it are visible on the west. 5.4.13 Closer to the PDA at 380m SSE lies the remains of a small moated homestead (GGAT00875m). The remains of the site were found during the making of a motorway access road. The moat had a gravel bank containing iron slag. The interior area was subdivided by a ditch containing late C13th-early C14th sherds. Post holes were also noted. 5.4.14 Further Medieval sites can be seen at: • GGAT00899.0m HEOL PORTH-MAWR the lane from Pencoed to Llanhilid follows the course of an old road known as Heol Porth-mawr, crossing the Ewenny at Pont Melin-groes and the Ewenny Fach at Pont Felindre (2km). May continue for another 4km. • GGAT01847m: GRETE MILL Water mill. Grinding stones are used as tables in adjacent Fox & Hound. The watermill and demesne belonged to the Order of St John before 1338 and; • GGAT01165m: Possible Village, Llanilid. Possible deserted Medieval village at Llanilid, suggested by Butler. Nothing Visible. Post Medieval and Modern Landscape 5.4.14 Maps dating from the early 1600’s show Llanilid and Coychurch, probably because they had churches, but the area of present day Pencoed shows as remaining wooded. There may well have been a scatter of farmhouses and other buildings, but trees were certainly thicker on the ground than people until the eighteenth century. 5.4.15 The recorded history of Pencoed stems from the establishment of Tregroes House by descendants of the Rev. Robert Thomas, who became rector of Coychurch from May 6, 1591. The present buildings date from around 1710 to 1730 and have been incorporated into the site of the Pencoed agricultural College.

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

5.4.16 By the end of the seventeenth century there was a liberal scatter of farms and cottages with four hamlets named Pencoyd, Hendre Bedran, Penpryske and Mylton. ‘Pencoyd’ finally appears on a map dating from 1729 along with the woods and ‘coal pitts’. 5.4.17 Pencoed, with no church of its own, remained part of a nearby parish of Coychurch with St. Crallo’s church there as the centre of worship. Religion was a major influence on everyday life, however, and in the mid eighteenth century, David Jones, the Methodist pioneer of Llangan, was instrumental in founding Pencoed’s own Salem Chapel which opened in 1775. 5.4.18 By 1763, the population had outstripped those of its neighbours, Coychurch and Heol y Cyw, with perhaps 200 people in about 40 households compared to 175 people in each of the other two. What we now know as Pencoed originally comprised two separate villages, the original Pencoed to the south west (including Salem Chapel, 19481) and the other main area of settlement upon the hill at Penprysg where the most notable building was Tregroes House, 19475. 5.4.19 The locality would have been almost entirely self-reliant with lime, coal, timber and building stone all to hand. Welsh would have been the dominant language and all water supplies came from wells. Brunel’s route for the South Wales Railway opened on June 18, 1850 and it is said that the Brittania Inn opened on the same day. A local station followed a few years later in 1856. By choosing to run the line through the gap between Pencoed and Penprysg and siting a station there created a natural focus for development to take place and the two hamlets soon linked to become the centre of the future town of Pencoed. 5.4.20 The industrial age caught up with Pencoed in the second half of the nineteenth century and the combination of the new railway line and the development of the coal fields to the north were to have a dramatic effect on the settlement. In just over a century and a half, Pencoed’s population increased from less than 500 to its present-day figure of more than 12,000. Pencoed itself, however, largely avoided industrialisation with just the Iron Foundry, which made drams for the mining industry and the short-lived brick works (which died when the clay pit flooded) being located within the boundaries of the town. In those early days, the town provided workers for the local coal and steel industries and more latterly for the numerous new inward investment industries which have been attracted to the Bridgend Borough by the excellent reputation and skills of the indigenous work force.

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

5.6 Synthesis of Historic Development 5.5.1 The earliest cartographic evidence for the area occurs in the 18th century, and Ordnance Survey maps provide evidence from the 19th century up to the present day. 5.5.2 Much of the surrounding landscape had already been formally 'enclosed' by the late 18th century. The area of the proposed development has not changed significantly within the last 150 years. However, the growth of Pencoed and the associated infrastructure has placed the PDA in close approximation to settlement and more intensive methods of transport. This has seen to remove the PDA and the immediate surrounding area from its original rural setting as part of the wider Medieval / Post Medieval agricultural landscape prior to the evolution of Pencoed. This Medieval landscape would likely have been part of the wider ownership of the moated sites mentioned above.

Fig.2 1841 Tithe Pencoed in the parish of Coychurch

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

Fig.3 1885 6inch OS (site is marked in red)

Fig.3 1937 OS (site is marked in red)

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

6 ASSESSMENT OF HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE & POTENTIAL IMPACT 6.1 Historic Landscape 6.6.1 The application site occupies land that was likely utilised for serving the agricultural economy. Historic development within the PDA has been limited. Archaeologically, however, the site may contain hitherto unknown archaeological remains relating, most likely, to the Medieval and Post Medieval periods and will likely be agricultural in nature. Although, features and deposits from earlier periods cannot entirely be discounted. 6.6.2 Whilst the history of the application site is important for the social and economic history of the wider environs of Pencoed, historic mapping and documentary evidence suggest it has been quite removed from its historic open setting. The immediate landscape around the PDA has been encroached upon and surrounded by piecemeal development over the last century. 6.6.3 By contrast any archaeological remains that potentially exist in the application site would further inform the regional knowledge base within this part of Wales. 6.6.4 The development will not remove the layout of the enclosed fields or their alignment, as the new development will be superimposed on the existing landscape. 6.6.5 There will not be any effect on the crossing of the field boundary into the site as the access will be via existing gates. The magnitude of impact will be neutral as the access tracks respect the current hedge line. The nature of the impact is direct, long term and reversible. The unmitigated significance of effect is therefore Neutral. 6.6.6 The historic landscape character includes the combined aspects of the heritage assets e.g. the historic landscape form such as the field pattern, the setting of the landscape, and its other associations e.g. as noted from documentary evidence. The cumulative value of the historic landscape character is therefore of High value. 6.6.7 The development will result in alterations to the wider baseline conditions, which contribute to the character of the surrounding landscape. The development, and during the construction period the construction machinery and cranes, will affect the rural character of the landscape. The development scale and form is not in keeping with the historical and agricultural nature of the landscape and additional sources of movement will affect the remaining historic rural character. 6.6.8 The development will not compete for prominence with existing landmark features such as church towers, where prominent skylines or landmark features are characteristic of the landscape as the present electricity pylons dominate the immediate area in height. 6.6.9 The alteration from the baseline conditions therefore results in a slight physical loss of the integrity and key characteristics of the Post Medieval landscape character. The introduction of the development, and during the construction period

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

the construction machinery and cranes, will be a noticeable element into the setting and the imposition of the access tracks will temporarily reduce the context and legibility of the landscape. 6.6.10 The overall impact will be lessened by the access utilising the existing gap in the hedge boundary and it is thus considered that the unmitigated magnitude of impact would be very slight - adverse. The nature of the effect will be cumulative, direct, long-term and reversible. The unmitigated significance of effect will therefore be Medium - Slight. This impact will continue into the operational period. The impact on the historic landscape character would be reversed on decommissioning should that be proposed. 6.2 Affected Non-Designated Assets 6.2.1 The above baseline (Section 5) describes the archaeology across a 1km search area. Generally, there is an absence of significant archaeological sites recorded on the GGAT HER. This is most likely due to the undeveloped nature of the immediate area around the PDA.

6.2.2 It is unlikely that significant archaeological sites and or deposits dating to the Prehistoric and Roman periods will be discovered across the site. Similarly, it is not considered that significant archaeological sites and deposits dating to the Early Medieval period will be found across the site. Whilst there is always the possibility that sites dating to almost any period could be present it is likely that these remains will be associated to later Medieval and Post Medieval agricultural practices.

6.3 Heritage Significance 6.3.1 The potential for archaeological sites dating to the Prehistoric is low, however, should such remains be revealed they would be of High significance regionally as it would further contribute to the understanding of later prehistoric activity within this part of Wales.

6.3.2 In addition, features and deposits relating to the Roman and Early Medieval period would also be of High significance regionally and further contribute to the understanding of the arrival of the Romans in the 1st century and subsequent settlement and activity within this part of Wales. Furthermore, it would also inform the understanding on how native Silures interacted with the Roman presence. The potential for such features to be present across the site dating to the Roman period is, however, low.

6.3.3 Features of Medieval and Post Medieval periods are likely to be restricted to agricultural activity and be of low significance archaeologically.

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

6.4 Magnitude of Impact and Significance of Effect 6.4.1 Unmitigated stripping of soil across the site in advance of development may have an adverse impact i.e. the development could erode the heritage significance of any hitherto unknown archaeological assets and the ability to appreciate and understand them. The resulting effect could cause harm to any undesignated assets within the site.

7 POTENTIAL INDIRECT DEVELOPMENT IMPACTS ON DESIGNATED HERITAGE ASSETS 7.1 It is not considered that there would be any significant impact to the designated heritage within the study area. The scheduled monuments of GM081 and GM080 (including 13159, Church of SS Ilid and Curigare) are distant enough that no views would be possible. Further, the inter-visible landscape and topography as well as the surrounding vegetation would screen these monuments within there own setting. In addition, the Brynnau Gwynion Overbridge, 87712, is equally distant and screened.

7.2 The Grade II buildings of, 19475, Tregroes aka Pencoed College and, 19476, Bridge at Tregroes are equally well contained within the modern environment of the College and no further impact is likely.

7.3 The remainder of the designated heritage assets lay to the west of the A473 and would not be impacted by the development.

7.1 Conclusions 7.1.2 This Heritage Statement has considered a range of evidence for the nature and development of the historic environment within a study area of up to 2km centred on the application site. The source data sets include geology, topography and drainage, modern and historic mapping and heritage assets. 7.1.3 The GGAT HER suggests that within the 1km study area there is a low probability that deposits, features and sites would be present within the proposed development site, except for activity relating to agriculture during the later Medieval and Post Medieval. 8 PUBLICITY , CONFIDENTIALITY AND COPYRIGHT 8.1 Any publicity will be handled by the client. GK Heritage Consultants Ltd will retain the copyright of all documentary and photographic material under the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act (1988).

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

8.1 Statement of Indemnity 8.1.1 All statements and opinions contained within this report arising from the works undertaken are offered in good faith and compiled according to professional standards. No responsibility can be accepted by the author/s of the report for any errors of fact or opinion resulting from data supplied by any third party, or for loss or other consequence arising from decisions or actions made upon the basis of facts or opinions expressed in any such report(s), howsoever such facts and opinions may have been derived. 8.2 Acknowledgements 8.2.1 GK Heritage Consultants Ltd would like to thank Ben Lewis of RenPlan and the Client Energion for commissioning this report.

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

APPENDIX 1: DESIGNATED AND NON-DESIGNATED HERITAGE ASSETS AND SITE LAYOUT

2km Buffer Site Boundary Scheduled Monuments Listed Buildings

Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed Heritage Statement

Designated Heritage Assets 1km 1

Scale Date © Crown copyright [and database rights] 2015 0100031673 Expires [15/12/16] @ A3 APRIL 2019 © This drawing and its content are the copyright of GK Heritage Consultants Ltd and may not be reproduced or amended except by prior written permission. GK Heritage Consultants Ltd accepts no liability for any amendments made by other persons. 1km Buffer Site Boundary Early Medieval Medieval POST MEDIEVAL Post-Medieval Unknown

Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed Heritage Statement

GGAT HER 1km 2

Scale Date © Crown copyright [and database rights] 2015 0100031673 Expires [15/12/16] @ A3 APRIL 2019 © This drawing and its content are the copyright of GK Heritage Consultants Ltd and may not be reproduced or amended except by prior written permission. GK Heritage Consultants Ltd accepts no liability for any amendments made by other persons. SCALE: 1:500 @A3 968 969 LEGEND SITE BOUNDARY SITE ACCESS

5M ACCUSTIC FENCE PALISADE FENCE

PLINTHS

A11

B11

A11 C11

B11 C11

TRANSFORMER

1U 1V 2207 1W

TRANSFORMER

1V 1W 2170 2207 4300 27000

2170 B

4300 43000

27000 1800

1500

6000

14m TURNING CIRCLE

GAS CABINET

WELFARE

2000

43000 1800

1500

El Sub Sta

6000

14m TURNING CIRCLE

GAS CABINET Drain

E FENCING DISCRIPTION UPDATED MM 22/05/19 GJ D REDUCED TO 9 CONTANIERS MM 29/04/19 GJ WELFARE C UPDATED TO J616 MM 29/04/19 GJ B GAS KIOSK LOCATION UPDATED MM 26/03/19 GJ A FIRST ISSUE MM 10/01/18 GJ 2000 968 969 JRW - PENCOED

SITE LAYOUT

2000 JRW

A Felindre Rd Pencoed, Bridgend, CF35 5PB

SCALE: 1:1250 @A3 JRW-PENCOED-D-101 VARIOUS @ A3 1 OF 2 MM 10/01/19 N GJ 10/01/19

20 0 20 40 60 80 100 AVON UTILITIES & GENERATION LIMITED UNIT 2 BIRD INDUSTRIAL PARK STATION ROAD STRATFORD-UPON-AVON CV37 8RP Meters Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

APPENDIX 2: SITE PHOTOGRAPHS

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

Plate 1. General view NNW toward the site. SS96938130

Plate 2. View NNW across the site SS96928130

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

Plate 3. View NE across adjoining field where access is to be provided. SS96878130

Plate 4. View E across adjoining field and Felindre Road. SS96878130

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

Plate 5. View SE from southern boundary of site. SS96928130

Plate 6. View W from Felindre Road toward Pylon in adjoining access field. SS97038127

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

APPENDIX 3: IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

The assessment identifies impacts and effects as direct or indirect, harm or enhancement, and short-term, long-term or permanent. Direct impacts are those which physically alter an asset and therefore its heritage significance; indirect impacts are those which affect the heritage significance of an asset by causing change within its setting. All assessment has commenced with establishing an understanding of the historic environment of the study area through synthesis of the acquired data from the sources noted above, informed by professional experience. Direct effects on the heritage significance of assets have been identified from consideration of a combination of the heritage significance of the known affected assets, the probability of further currently-unknown assets being affected and their likely significance, and the magnitude of impact to be formed by the implementation of the proposed scheme.

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

Heritage Significance Table A1 Levels of Heritage Significance

Heritage Explanation Significance

Highest World heritage sites Scheduled monuments Grade I and II* listed buildings Grade I and II* registered parks and gardens Designated battlefields Protected wrecks Non-designated assets of equivalent significance

High Grade II listed buildings Grade II registered parks and gardens Conservation areas Non-designated assets of equivalent significance Archaeological sites which are of particular individual importance within the regional archaeological resource

Medium Archaeological sites of local importance

Low Sites are of minor importance or with little remaining to justify a higher category

Negligible Negligible or no heritage significance

Unknown Further information is required to assess the potential of these sites

Contribution of Setting to Heritage Significance This is not quantified on a scale but used to assist the assessment of the magnitude of impact. Magnitude of Impact Magnitude of impact has been assessed with reference to the criteria set out in Table A2.

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

Table A2 Magnitude of Impact

Magnitude of impact Definition High beneficial The development would considerably enhance the heritage significance of the affected asset or the ability to appreciate it

Medium beneficial The development would enhance to a clearly discernible extent the heritage significance of the affected asset or the ability to appreciate it

Low beneficial The development would enhance to a minor extent the heritage significance of the affected asset or the ability to appreciate it

Very low beneficial The development would enhance to a very minor extent the heritage significance of the affected asset or the ability to appreciate it

Neutral / Nil The development would not affect, or would have harmful and enhancing effects of equal magnitude, on the heritage significance of the affected asset or the ability to appreciate it

Very low adverse The development would erode to a very minor extent the heritage significance of the affected asset or the ability to appreciate it

Low adverse The development would erode to a minor extent the heritage significance of the affected asset or the ability to appreciate it

Medium adverse The development would erode to a clearly discernible extent the heritage significance of the affected asset or the ability to appreciate it

High adverse The development would severely erode the heritage significance of the affected asset or the ability to appreciate it

Significance of Effect

10.1 The significance of effect is presented in Table A3 below. This provides a matrix that relates the heritage significance to the magnitude of impact (incorporating contribution from setting where relevant) to establish the likely significance of effect.

10.2 The terms ‘harm’ and ‘enhancement’ used to define effects relate to the terms ‘harm’ and ‘enhance’ / ‘better reveal’ used in English policy guidance.

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

Table A3 Significance of Effect

Magnitude of impact Heritage significance

Highest High Medium Low

High beneficial Substantial Substantial Moderate Slight

Medium beneficial Substantial Moderate Slight Very slight

Low beneficial Moderate Slight Very slight Very slight Enhancement Very low beneficial Slight Very slight Negligible Negligible

Neutral / nil Neutral / nil Neutral / nil Neutral / Neutral / nil Neutral / nil nil

Very low adverse Slight Very slight Negligible Negligible

Low adverse Moderate Slight Very slight Very slight rm

Medium adverse Substantial Moderate Slight Very slight Ha

High adverse Substantial Substantial Moderate Slight

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

APPENDIX 4: REPORT CONDITIONS

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

This report is produced solely for the benefit of Energion and no liability is accepted for any reliance placed on it by any other party unless specifically agreed in writing otherwise.

This report is prepared for the proposed uses stated in the report and should not be used in a different context without reference to GK HERITAGE CONSULTANTS. In time improved practices, fresh information or amended legislation may necessitate a re-assessment. Opinions and information provided in this report are on the basis of GK HERITAGE CONSULTANTS using due skill and care in the preparation of the report. This report refers, within the limitations stated, to the environment of the site in the context of the surrounding area at the time of the inspections. Environmental conditions can vary, and no warranty is given as to the possibility of changes in the environment of the site and surrounding area at differing times. This report is limited to those aspects reported on, within the scope and limits agreed with the client under our appointment. It is necessarily restricted, and no liability is accepted for any other aspect. It is based on the information sources indicated in the report. Some of the opinions are based on unconfirmed data and information and are presented as the best obtained within the scope for this report. Reliance has been placed on the documents and information supplied to GK HERITAGE CONSULTANTS by others but no independent verification of these has been made and no warranty is given on them. No liability is accepted, or warranty given in relation to the performance, reliability, standing etc of any products, services, organisations or companies referred to in this report. Whilst skill and care have been used, no investigative method can eliminate the possibility of obtaining partially imprecise, incomplete or not fully representative information. Any monitoring or survey work undertaken as part of the commission will have been subject to limitations, including for example timescale, seasonal and weather-related conditions. Although care is taken to select monitoring and survey periods that are typical of the environmental conditions being measured, within the overall reporting programme constraints, measured conditions may not be fully representative of the actual conditions. Any predictive or modelling work, undertaken as part of the commission will be subject to limitations including the representativeness of data used by the model and the assumptions inherent within the approach used. Actual environmental conditions are typically more complex and variable than the investigative, predictive and modelling approaches indicate in practice, and the output of such approaches cannot be relied upon as a comprehensive or accurate indicator of future conditions.

Heritage Statement: Land to the North of Felindre Road, Pencoed, CF35 5HU

The potential influence of our assessment and report on other aspects of any development or future planning requires evaluation by other involved parties. The performance of environmental protection measures and of buildings and other structures in relation to acoustics, vibration, noise mitigation and other environmental issues is influenced to a large extent by the degree to which the relevant environmental considerations are incorporated into the final design and specifications and the quality of workmanship and compliance with the specifications on site during construction. GK HERITAGE CONSULTANTS accept no liability for issues with performance arising from such factors