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Rickert, Tom. 2003-02 34103_MAHCvr 2/3/03 2:12 PM Page 1 CESS AC PROMOTING and PLANNING TRANSPORT FOR ALL A Publication of Access Access Exchange International Exchange International 34103_MAHText 2/3/03 11:25 AM Page 1 Making Access Happen – A guide for advocates and planners – HOW TO PROMOTE AND PLAN ACCESS for DISABLED PERSONS and ELDERS to BUSES, TRAINS, TAXIS and OTHER MODES OF TRANSPORT Prepared by Tom Rickert Executive Director Access Exchange International This guide is a follow-up to Mobility for All: Accessible Transportation Around the World 34103_MAHText 2/3/03 11:25 AM Page 2 CONTENTS • INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 1 • WHO BENEFITS FROM ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORT? ............. 2 • PROMOTING ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORT ................................. 3 Effective promotion: When?..................................................... 4 Effective promotion: Who? ...................................................... 5 Effective promotion: How? ..................................................... 6 • PLANNING ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORT .................................... 16 Effective planning: Who? ......................................................... 16 Effective planning: How? ........................................................ 19 • RESOURCES ..................................................................................... 26 34103_MAHText 2/3/03 11:25 AM Page 3 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this guide is to assist people lation differ from one country to another, caus- and agencies around the world to work togeth- ing wide variation in mobility, comfort, and er to design public transport which is usable safety. While a guide such as this can provide a by passengers with disabilities. helpful introduction, each country has a differ- • “Passengers with disabilities” include per- ent situation. If some parts of this guide do not sons with a mobility impairment – such as those apply to your situation, we hope other parts who use wheelchairs, crutches, canes, and will. walkers – or who have a hidden disability such This guide presents many ideas for promoting as arthritis. Other passengers with disabilities and planning accessible transport. Remember, may have sensory impairments (such as those however, that different stakeholders have differ- who are blind or partially sighted; or persons ent tasks. The ideas in this guide are not meant who are deaf, deafened, or hard-of-hearing), or to be carried out all at once, nor by the same a cognitive impairment. people. Teamwork is required. Citizens, plan- • “Public transportation” includes transport by ners, and transport managers must work bus, van, rail, taxis and smaller vehicles, as well together. It is important not to become discour- as marine or air transportation used in urban or aged by the different steps in promoting and rural areas or between cities and countries. planning access for all, but rather to move Such transportation is “inclusive” when it is ahead one step at a time. designed and operated in such a way that peo- This guide is merely an introduction. For ple of different ages, gender, size, and ability more information about each topic, go to the can all use the system. (Note: “transport” and Resources Section at the rear at pages 26-29. “transportation” are used interchangeably in This section will lead you to in-depth this guide although in many countries one or resources to help you “make access happen” in the other term is more commonly used.) your country. • People and agencies must work together to ————— create inclusive transportation. These different Access Exchange International (AEI) is a non- “stakeholders” promote and plan access to governmental organization (NGO), also known as transport. They make access happen. These a “non-profit agency” in the USA. AEI is based in persons or agencies include those with disabili- San Francisco, California, and has more than ties, all other passengers who benefit from twelve years of experience in promoting accessible inclusive design, bus companies and transit transportation around the world, with a special agencies of every kind, bus and van drivers and emphasis on regions that have more recently begun fare takers, rail personnel, and public officials in to take initial steps toward access in their public transport or public works or planning min- transport systems. Thus our focus is on Asia, istries. Many other persons and agencies are Latin America, eastern Europe, and Africa rather involved and need to take steps to make public than those countries in western Europe and North transportation more usable by everyone. America which already have increasingly accessible We feel the contents of this guide will benefit all public transport systems. stakeholders. Advocates need to learn more The author of this guide is Tom Rickert, the about the planning process, and planners and Executive Director of AEI. Prior to founding AEI, transport officials need to learn more about how the author was Manager of Accessible Services for they can join in promoting access for all. San Francisco’s public transportation agency. Countries vary considerably in terms of wealth, Photos not credited are by the author. geography, climate, road systems, and sizes and Special thanks to The United Methodist Church types of transport vehicles. Likewise, the struc- (USA), Unwin Safety Systems (UK), and the many ture of public transport systems and their regu- 1 34103_MAHText 2/3/03 11:25 AM Page 4 individual donors who have provided funding to Weiner (USA). Special thanks to Nicolas Finck for cover much of the cost of this publication. Our assistance in editing and design of this publication. thanks also to disability leaders and transport All opinions and any errors are the responsibility of professionals who helped review all or parts of this the author. This guide follows up our earlier guide, guide, including Silvia Coriat (Argentina), Mobility for All: Accessible Transportation Walter Spillum (Japan), María Eugenia Antúnez Around the World, which introduces the technical (Mexico), Kuan Aw Tan (Malaysia), Christo Venter and operational aspects of accessible transportation. (South Africa), CGB Mitchell and Campbell McKee See the contact information in our Resources section (United Kingdom), and Nicolas Finck and Richard for information on obtaining copies of our guides. WHO BENEFITS FROM ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORT? In recent years, there has been growing interest around the world in accessible transportation. There are many reasons for this global trend, but perhaps the most important is that the various design elements and operating procedures which benefit disabled persons also tend to benefit everyone else. • When separate street lanes with dividers are created for pedestrians, bicyclists, and motorized vehicles, each mode is safer to use. This benefits everyone, but especially assists pedestrians with disabilities. Boarding a bus rapid transit (BRT) line in Curitiba, Brazil Photo by Charles Wright, IDB level, he or she is able to ride even when unable to climb steps. But every passenger gets on faster by not having to climb steps. • Painting handrails a bright yellow on a bus or train especially benefits a passenger who is partially sight- ed, but it also benefits every passenger who wants to quickly find a way to hold on while entering. Lanes for motorized and non-motorized traffic in Foshan, China, enhance safety for everyone. • Well-located signs may be especially helpful in directing a deaf person to a bus or train in a transit ter- • When a van or taxi operator brings the vehicle to a minal, but these signs may be equally important to complete stop and waits while a passenger with a cane tourists or anyone else who is not yet familiar with climbs on board and finds a seat, the driver has made that terminal. it possible for that person to ride. But all other pas- In other words, everyone benefits. Sometimes the ben- sengers also benefit from safe, courteous treatment by efit comes from an operating procedure: bringing a bus their drivers. to a safe stop at a bus stop, or calling out important • When a bus driver announces the most important stops. Sometimes the benefit comes from an inclusive stops to the passengers, a blind person may especially design feature: painting hand grips in a bright contrast- benefit, but everyone is given important information. ing color, providing level boarding to buses, or installing good signs with large print at convenient • When a wheelchair user rolls onto a bus at floor locations. 2 34103_MAHText 2/3/03 11:25 AM Page 5 PROMOTING ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORT Accessible transportation is more than a matter of making a few changes in the design of transport vehicles. To be truly accessible, public transport must also be safe, reliable, and affordable for those who need to use that transport. In turn, physical accessibility, safety, reliability, and afford- ability depend on other factors. For exam- ple, they depend on local political decisions, such as policies which favor public transit over the private car or which determine bus REDI: A coalition of advocates in Buenos Aires service levels and fare policies. The physical environment is another factor, including ly decrease the number of persons who matters such as traffic density, congestion, become disabled due to traffic accidents. and geography. And the management of Safe, reliable, and affordable public trans- transport agencies determines a great deal port increases access for most disabled pas- as it provides
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