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PRSP Honduras Nicaragua
The Impact of Poverty Reduction Strategies on the Rural Sector in Honduras and Nicaragua Study carried out by Trócaire for the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Prepared by Jennifer Cornally (PRSP Officer - Trócaire Central America) Tom Crowley (Independent Consultant - Honduras) Sally O'Neill (Regional Director - Trócaire Central America) Translation by Mathieu Deprez Final Draft, Tegucigalpa, May 2004 Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the various actors from government, civil society and the international community interviewed during the course of this study for their time and valuable insights into the PRSP process in Honduras and Nicaragua. Thanks are also due to Yolanda Rodriguez for her support in carrying out primary and secondary research in Nicaragua. 2 Abbreviations ACI International Cooperation Agencies (Non-governmental) AECI Spanish Agency for International Cooperation AMHON Association of Municipalities of Honduras AMULEON Association of Municipalities of León Norte AMUNIC Association of Municipalities of Nicaragua ASONOG Association of Non-Governmental Organisations (Honduras) CAFTA Central American Free Trade Agreement CCER Civil Coordinator for the Emergency and Reconstruction COCOCH Coordinating Committee of Peasant Organisations in Honduras CODA Agricultural Development Advisory Board CODED Departmental Development Committee CODEL Local Development Committee CODEM Municipal Development Committee COFEMUN Feminist Network of University Women CONPES National Council for Economic and -
Nicaragua's Survival: Choices in a Neoliberal World Stanley G
Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Graduate Program in International Studies Dissertations Spring 2006 Nicaragua's Survival: Choices in a Neoliberal World Stanley G. Hash Jr. Old Dominion University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/gpis_etds Part of the Economic Theory Commons, International Relations Commons, Latin American History Commons, and the Latin American Studies Commons Recommended Citation Hash, Stanley G.. "Nicaragua's Survival: Choices in a Neoliberal World" (2006). Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), dissertation, International Studies, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/m977-a571 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/gpis_etds/39 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Program in International Studies at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NICARAGUA’S SURVIVAL CHOICES IN A NEOLIBERAL WORLD by Stanley G Hash, Jr B.A. August 1976, University of Maryland M A P. A June 1979, University o f Oklahoma A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY INTERNATIONAL STUDIES OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY May 2006 Approved by: Franck_Adams (Director) Lucien Lombardo (Member) Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT NICARAGUA’S SURVIVAL: CHOICES IN A NEOLIBERAL WORLD Stanley G Hash, Jr Old Dominion University, 2006 Director: Dr Francis Adams In January 1990 the Nicaraguan electorate chose to abandon the failing Sandinista Revolution in favor of the economic neoliberal rubric. -
A Nicaraguan Exceptionalism? Debating the Legacy of the Sandinista Revolution
A Nicaraguan Exceptionalism? Debating the Legacy of the Sandinista Revolution edited by Hilary Francis INSTITUTE OF LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES A Nicaraguan Exceptionalism? Debating the Legacy of the Sandinista Revolution edited by Hilary Francis Institute of Latin American Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of London, 2020 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/. This book is also available online at http://humanities-digital-library.org. ISBN: 978-1-908857-57-6 (paperback edition) 978-1-908857-78-1 (.epub edition) 978-1-908857-79-8 (.mobi edition) 978-1-908857-77-4 (PDF edition) DOI: 10.14296/220.9781908857774 (PDF edition) Institute of Latin American Studies School of Advanced Study University of London Senate House London WC1E 7HU Telephone: 020 7862 8844 Email: [email protected] Web: http://ilas.sas.ac.uk Typesetting by Thomas Bohm, User Design, Illustration and Typesetting. Cover image © Franklin Villavicencio. Contents List of illustrations v Notes on contributors vii Introduction: exceptionalism and agency in Nicaragua’s revolutionary heritage 1 Hilary Francis 1. ‘We didn’t want to be like Somoza’s Guardia’: policing, crime and Nicaraguan exceptionalism 21 Robert Sierakowski 2. ‘The revolution was so many things’ 45 Fernanda Soto 3. Nicaraguan food policy: between self-sufficiency and dependency 61 Christiane Berth 4. On Sandinista ideas of past connections to the Soviet Union and Nicaraguan exceptionalism 87 Johannes Wilm 5. -
Government of Honduras – B1 Stable 28 May 2018 Annual Credit Analysis
SOVEREIGN AND SUPRANATIONAL ISSUER IN-DEPTH Government of Honduras – B1 stable 28 May 2018 Annual credit analysis OVERVIEW AND OUTLOOK The credit profile of Honduras (B1 stable) balances the economy's resilient growth and RATINGS improving fiscal profile against its small scale and very low GDP per capita, weak institutions Honduras and high proportion of foreign currency debt. The economy exceeded 3.5% annual growth Foreign Local Currency Currency over the last three years, benefiting from strong remittances flows and public investment Gov. Bond Rating B1/STA B1/STA projects. Over the same period, the fiscal framework improved significantly as the authorities Country Ceiling Ba2 Ba2 implemented significant institutional enhancements to increase discipline in the budgeting Bank Deposit Ceiling B2 Ba2 process, tighten controls on expenditures and improve tax administration. TABLE OF CONTENTS Credit challenges include very low national income measured by GDP per capita in PPP terms OVERVIEW AND OUTLOOK 1 of $5,562 in 2017, which is lower than the B median of $9,456 and the lowest level in Latin CREDIT PROFILE 2 America, as well as very weak Worldwide Governance Indicator rankings, particularly for Economic strength: Low (+) 2 Rule of Law and Government Effectiveness. Over 70% of the government's debt is in foreign Institutional strength: Very Low (+) 6 Fiscal strength: Moderate (-) 9 currency exposing the government's balance sheet to currency fluctuations. Susceptibility to event risk: Moderate Upward pressure on the credit profile could be considered if continued fiscal consolidation (-) 13 Rating range 18 supports a significant and sustained drop in debt ratios. Successful implementation of Comparatives 19 increased public investment that supports higher growth, which in turn supports fiscal DATA, CHARTS AND REFERENCES 20 improvements could also lead to a positive rating action. -
ACTIVITY REPORT No
ACTIVITY REPORT No. 33 Reducing the Environmental and Health Impacts of Mercury and Cyanide in Gold-Mining in Nicaragua March 1997 by Joana Rosario and Steven K. Ault Prepared for the USAID Mission to Nicaragua with funding provided through the Environmental Initiatives for the Americas program, under EHP Activity No. 245-CC Environmental Health Project Contract No. HRN-5994-C-00-3036-00, Project No. 936-5994 is sponsored by the Bureau for Global Programs, Field Support and Research Office of Health and Nutrition U.S. Agency for International Development Washington, DC 20523 CONTENTS ABOUT THE AUTHORS.............................................................iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS............................................................. v ACRONYMS ...................................................................... vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................ix MAP..............................................................................xi 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................ 1 1.1 The Context and Setting ................................................. 1 1.2 Objective of the Activity................................................. 3 1.3 Methodology .......................................................... 3 2 ORGANIZATIONAL RESOURCES .............................................. 8 2.1 Government of Nicaragua ................................................ 8 2.1.1 Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources (MARENA) .......... 8 2.1.2 Ministry -
Ing Nicaragua
Economic Benefits of Air Transport in Nicaragua Economic Benefits of Air Transport in Nicaragua Acknowledgements Oxford Economics acknowledges the assistance from the International Air Transport Association (IATA) in the preparation of this report. Oxford Economics 2018 2 THE IMPORTANCE OF AIR TRANSPORT TO NICARAGUA The air transport sector makes a major contribution to the economy of Nicaragua 130,000 DIRECT SUPPLY EMPLOYEE TOURISM JOBS CHAIN SPENDING SUPPORTED BY THE AIR TRANSPORT SECTOR $867 MILLION GROSS VALUE ADDED CONTRIBUTION TO GDP 1,800 12,000 10,300 106,000 JOBS JOBS JOBS JOBS 6% GDP SUPPORTED BY AIR TRANSPORT & FOREIGN TOURISTS ARRIVING BY AIR US $114 US $60 US $52 US $642 MILLION GROSS VALUE ADDED It creates jobs... spent on consumer goods and a further $642 million gross services. value added contribution to Airlines, airport operators, the country’s GDP. airport on-site enterprises Foreign tourists arriving by air (restaurants and retail), to Nicaragua, who spend their This means that 6 percent of the aircraft manufacturers, and air money in the local economy, country’s GDP is in some way navigation service providers are estimated to support an dependent on the air transport employ 1,800 people in additional 106,000 jobs. sector and foreign tourists Nicaragua.1 In addition, by arriving by air. buying goods and services ...and generates wealth from local suppliers the sector supports another 12,000 jobs. The air transport industry On top of this, the sector is is estimated to support a estimated to support a further $226 million gross value 10,300 jobs by paying wages added contribution to GDP in to its employees, some or all Nicaragua annually. -
"Cotton and Rt!Volution in Nicaragua1' by Jeffery M. Paige
"Cotton and Rt!volution in Nicaragua1' By Jeffery M. Paige August 1984 Cotton and Revolution in Nicaragua* Jeffery M. Paige University of Michigan "Presented at the Eighth Conference on the Political Economy of the World System, Brown University, April 27, 1984. I am grateful to Eduardo Baumeister and David Kaimowitz of the Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios de la Reforma Agraria; ~osd Luis Corragio and Debra Barry of the Instituto de Investigaciones ~cono'micas y Sociales; and ~oshSalomon Delgado of the Instituto del Estudio del Sandinismo for their gracious assistance during my work in Nicaragua. In addition I am indebted to Eduardo for many helpful suggestions on the Nicaraguan cotton industry and to David for detailed comments on an earlier draft of this paper. All conclusion expressed in the paper are, of course, my own and neither the people who have assisted me, nor the institutions with which they are affiliated bear any responsibility for them. Although the Pacific coast of Nicaragua was a center of cotton production even in pre-Columbian times and, during the colonial period, was known as a source of cotton for sailcloth (MacLeod, 1973:124, 166), the commercial development of the crop is largely a phenomenon of the thirty years preceding the Sandinist revolution of 1979. In the 1920s W.W. Cumberland (1928:38) noted that cotton was produced only in small quantities despite the substantial areas in western Nicaragua "admirably suited" to its growth but as late as 1952 the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (.1953:34, 37) saw.no role for cotton in the Nicaraguan economy except as a raw material for a still to be developed textile industry and suggested the country concentrate on cattle and oil palm. -
El Salvador 2019 Crime & Safety Report
El Salvador 2019 Crime & Safety Report This is an annual report produced in conjunction with the Regional Security Office at the U.S. Embassy in San Salvador, El Salvador. The current U.S. Department of State Travel Advisory at the date of this report’s publication assesses El Salvador at Level 3, indicating travelers should reconsider travel to the country due to crime. Overall Crime and Safety Situation The U.S. Embassy in San Salvador does not assume responsibility for the professional ability or integrity of the persons or firms appearing in this report. The American Citizens’ Services unit (ACS) cannot recommend a particular individual or location, and assumes no responsibility for the quality of service provided. Review OSAC’s El Salvador-specific page for original OSAC reporting, consular messages, and contact information, some of which may be available only to private-sector representatives with an OSAC password. Crime Threats There is serious risk from crime in San Salvador. El Salvador is the most densely populated country in Central America, with more than six million people living in an area the size of Massachusetts, high unemployment and generally low wages, and comparatively high housing costs. Some of these factors push families in lower economic status into marginal housing zones. These zones, located throughout urban areas, including in upscale neighborhoods, provide a point of origin and safe haven for criminals. Crime can run the gamut from credit card skimming to homicide, and is characterized by violence directed against known targeted victims and targets of opportunity. No information suggests that criminals specifically target U.S. -
Governance Or Poverty Reduction?
Governance or Poverty Reduction? Assessing Budget Support in Nicaragua Published in Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 49 No 1, pp 110-124 Geske Dijkstra, Public Administration, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands [email protected] Acknowledgement: The paper is largely based on an evaluation carried out for the Policy and Operations Evaluation Department (IOB) of the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The author thanks Arturo Grigsby (Nitlapán, Nicaragua) for his contribution to that evaluation and an anonymous referee for helpful comments. Opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author only. Governance or Poverty Reduction? Assessing Budget Support in Nicaragua Abstract General Budget Support (GBS) is assumed to lead to more effective poverty reduction through non-earmarking of the money and through recipient country ownership. A second and more hidden objective of GBS, however, is to influence policies and governance of recipient countries. This paper develops an evaluation framework that takes the tensions between these two objectives into account. It then assesses the results of GBS in Nicaragua under two administrations. It concludes that for most donors, the aim of improving governance was more important than poverty reduction, in both government periods, thus reducing the effect of GBS on poverty reduction. In addition, donor influence on governance was limited. Keywords: aid effectiveness; budget support; evaluation; Nicaragua 1. Introduction 2 From around 2000 onward, many donors began to see budget support as the preferred aid modality. This drive towards budget support received a boost through the various High- Level Forums on Aid Effectiveness held in Rome (February 2003), Paris (March 2005) and Accra (September 2008). -
Rickert, Tom. 2003-02
34103_MAHCvr 2/3/03 2:12 PM Page 1 CESS AC PROMOTING and PLANNING TRANSPORT FOR ALL A Publication of Access Access Exchange International Exchange International 34103_MAHText 2/3/03 11:25 AM Page 1 Making Access Happen – A guide for advocates and planners – HOW TO PROMOTE AND PLAN ACCESS for DISABLED PERSONS and ELDERS to BUSES, TRAINS, TAXIS and OTHER MODES OF TRANSPORT Prepared by Tom Rickert Executive Director Access Exchange International This guide is a follow-up to Mobility for All: Accessible Transportation Around the World 34103_MAHText 2/3/03 11:25 AM Page 2 CONTENTS • INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 1 • WHO BENEFITS FROM ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORT? ............. 2 • PROMOTING ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORT ................................. 3 Effective promotion: When?..................................................... 4 Effective promotion: Who? ...................................................... 5 Effective promotion: How? ..................................................... 6 • PLANNING ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORT .................................... 16 Effective planning: Who? ......................................................... 16 Effective planning: How? ........................................................ 19 • RESOURCES ..................................................................................... 26 34103_MAHText 2/3/03 11:25 AM Page 3 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this guide is to assist people lation differ from one country to another, caus- and agencies around the -
From El Salvador to Australia
FROM EL SALVADOR TO AUSTRALIA: A 20TH CENTURY EXODUS TO A PROMISED LAND Submitted by: Beatriz Santos B.A.; Dip. Rel. Sci.; M. Soc. Sci. (Family Studies) A thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Arts and Sciences Faculty of Arts and Sciences Australian Catholic University Research Services Locked Bag 4115 Fitzroy, Victoria 3065 Australia 2006 i TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. V DECLARATION ................................................................................................................... VI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................VII LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................................ VIII CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................1 AIMS OF THE THESIS .........................................................................................................7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE THESIS........................................................................................9 LIMITATIONS OF THE THESIS........................................................................................10 PART I: THE HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL SYSTEMS OF EL SALVADOR....................................................................11 -
Splitting the Country: the Case of the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua
Splitting the country: the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua Splitting the Country: the case of the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua Luis Sánchez Department of Geography Florida State University Abstract Nicaragua is not only the largest country in Central America but also the least developed. As a nation, the Nicaraguans are a heterogeneous people. The ethnic mosaic that forms Nicaraguan society is visible in terms of the spatial organization of the country. The Pa- cific coast is occupied primarily by the dominant groups of mestizos and Whites, while the Atlantic coast is populated principally by Blacks and indigenous groups. The pres- ence of significant levels of dissatisfaction within the population of the Atlantic coast of Nicaragua represents a regional problem involving matters of territorial integration and national security. The current patterns of pervasive core-periphery relations in Nicaragua are driving conditions conducive to the rise and resurgence of separatist feelings among the population in the two Autonomous Regions of the Atlantic coast. Key words: Nicaragua, Atlantic Coast, core-periphery relations, separatism, ethnic minorities. Resumen Nicaragua no solo es el país más grande de América Central, pero también el menos de- sarrollado. Como nación, los nicaragüenses son un pueblo heterogéneo. El mosaico étni- co que forma la sociedad nicaragüense es visible en términos de la organización espacial del país. La costa pacífica esta ocupada primordialmente por mestizos y blancos, mientras que la costa atlántica esta habitada principalmente por negros y grupos indígenas. Sin embargo, la existencia de niveles significativos de insatisfacción entre la población de la costa atlántica de Nicaragua representa un problema regional con implicaciones en temas de integración territorial y seguridad nacional.