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Space Engineering Adhesive Bonding Handbook

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Space Engineering Adhesive Bonding Handbook ECSS-E-HB-32-21A 20 March 2011 Space engineering Adhesive bonding handbook ECSS Secretariat ESA-ESTEC Requirements & Standards Division Noordwijk, The Netherlands ECSS‐E‐HB‐32‐21A 20 March 2011 Foreword This Handbook is one document of the series of ECSS Documents intended to be used as supporting material for ECSS Standards in space projects and applications. ECSS is a cooperative effort of the European Space Agency, national space agencies and European industry associations for the purpose of developing and maintaining common standards. This handbook has been prepared by the ECSS‐E‐HB‐32‐21A Working Group, reviewed by the ECSS Executive Secretariat and approved by the ECSS Technical Authority. Disclaimer ECSS does not provide any warranty whatsoever, whether expressed, implied, or statutory, including, but not limited to, any warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or any warranty that the contents of the item are error‐free. In no respect shall ECSS incur any liability for any damages, including, but not limited to, direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages arising out of, resulting from, or in any way connected to the use of this document, whether or not based upon warranty, business agreement, tort, or otherwise; whether or not injury was sustained by persons or property or otherwise; and whether or not loss was sustained from, or arose out of, the results of, the item, or any services that may be provided by ECSS. Published by: ESA Requirements and Standards Division ESTEC, P.O. Box 299, 2200 AG Noordwijk The Netherlands Copyright: 2011© by the European Space Agency for the members of ECSS 2 ECSS‐E‐HB‐32‐21A 20 March 2011 Change log ECSS‐E‐HB‐32‐21A First issue 20 March 2011 3 ECSS‐E‐HB‐32‐21A 20 March 2011 Table of contents Change log ................................................................................................................ 3 1 Scope .................................................................................................................... 29 2 References ........................................................................................................... 30 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms ......................................................... 31 3.1 Terms from other documents ................................................................................... 31 3.2 Terms specific to the present document’ .................................................................. 31 3.3 References ............................................................................................................... 49 4 Joining .................................................................................................................. 50 4.1 Joining methods for space structures ....................................................................... 50 4.1.1 General ....................................................................................................... 50 4.1.2 Adhesive bonding ....................................................................................... 50 4.1.3 Mechanical fastening disadvantages .......................................................... 51 4.2 References ............................................................................................................... 52 4.2.1 General ....................................................................................................... 52 4.2.2 ECSS documents ....................................................................................... 53 5 Adherends ............................................................................................................ 54 5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 54 5.1.1 General ....................................................................................................... 54 5.1.2 Polymer composites ................................................................................... 55 5.1.3 Metals ......................................................................................................... 55 5.1.4 Ceramics .................................................................................................... 56 5.2 Advanced composites .............................................................................................. 57 5.2.1 Polymer-based composites ........................................................................ 57 5.2.2 FML - Fibre metal laminates ....................................................................... 61 5.2.3 MMC - Metal matrix composites ................................................................. 61 5.3 Metals ....................................................................................................................... 62 5.3.1 Structural materials ..................................................................................... 62 5.3.2 New materials ............................................................................................. 62 4 ECSS‐E‐HB‐32‐21A 20 March 2011 5.4 Higher-temperature applications .............................................................................. 63 5.4.1 Adherends .................................................................................................. 63 5.4.2 Adhesives ................................................................................................... 63 5.4.3 General guidelines ...................................................................................... 65 5.5 Low-temperature and cryogenic applications ........................................................... 65 5.5.1 Adherends .................................................................................................. 65 5.5.2 Adhesives ................................................................................................... 65 5.5.3 General guidelines ...................................................................................... 66 5.6 Bonds between adherends ....................................................................................... 66 5.6.1 General ....................................................................................................... 66 5.6.2 Composite-to-composite ............................................................................. 66 5.6.3 Composite-to-metal .................................................................................... 67 5.6.4 Metal-to-metal ............................................................................................. 67 5.6.5 Dissimilar materials .................................................................................... 67 5.7 References ............................................................................................................... 68 5.7.1 General ....................................................................................................... 68 5.7.2 ECSS documents ....................................................................................... 69 6 Adhesive characteristics and properties ........................................................... 70 6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 70 6.1.1 General ....................................................................................................... 70 6.1.2 Guidelines ................................................................................................... 70 6.2 Types of adhesives .................................................................................................. 71 6.2.1 Formulation ................................................................................................. 71 6.2.2 Characteristics ............................................................................................ 71 6.2.3 Mechanical properties ................................................................................ 74 6.2.4 Environmental durability ............................................................................. 74 6.2.5 Aerospace structural adhesives ................................................................. 75 6.3 Epoxy-based adhesives ........................................................................................... 75 6.3.1 General ....................................................................................................... 75 6.3.2 Properties ................................................................................................... 76 6.3.3 Environmental durability ............................................................................. 81 6.4 Polyimide-based adhesives ...................................................................................... 85 6.4.1 General ....................................................................................................... 85 6.4.2 Properties ................................................................................................... 86 6.5 Bismaleimide-based adhesives ................................................................................ 88 6.5.1 General ....................................................................................................... 88 6.5.2 Properties ................................................................................................... 88 5 ECSS‐E‐HB‐32‐21A 20 March 2011 6.6 Silicone-based adhesives ........................................................................................
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