DOCSLIB.ORG

Mobile Phones in Society

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mobile Phones in Society Mobile phone From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Cell Phone" redirects here. For the film, see Cell Phone (film). "Handphone" redirects here. For the film, see Handphone (film). Motorola L7 mobile phone A mobile phone, cell phone or hand phone is an electronic device used to make mobile telephone calls across a wide geographic area, served by many public cells, allowing the user to be mobile. By contrast, a cordless telephone is used only within the range of a single, private base station, for example within a home or an office. A mobile phone can make and receive telephone calls to and from the public telephone network which includes other mobiles and fixed-line phones across the world. It does this by connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile network operator. In addition to telephony, modern mobile phones also support a wide variety of other services such as text messaging, MMS, email, Internet access, short-range wireless communications (infrared, Bluetooth), business applications, gaming and photography. Mobile phones that offer these more general computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones. The first hand-held mobile phone was demonstrated by Dr Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using a handset weighing 2 kg.[1] In 1983, the DynaTAC 8000x was the first to be commercially available. In the twenty years from 1990 to 2010, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew from 12.4 million to over 4.6 billion, penetrating the developing economies and reaching the bottom of the economic pyramid.[2][3] Contents [hide] y 1 History y 2 Features o 2.1 Software and applications o 2.2 Power supply 2.2.1 Development and adoption of a common charger solution 2.2.1.1 Common power supply standard in the European Union 2.2.1.2 Common power supply standard in the People's Republic of China 2.2.1.3 Common power supply standard in South Korea o 2.3 SIM card o 2.4 Display o 2.5 Central processing unit y 3 Mobile phones in society o 3.1 Market share o 3.2 Media o 3.3 Privacy y 4 Usage o 4.1 Examples o 4.2 Sharing y 5 Restrictions o 5.1 While driving o 5.2 In schools o 5.3 Privacy y 6 Health effects y 7 Future evolution: Broadband Fourth generation (4G) y 8 Comparison to similar systems o 8.1 Alternate Names for mobile phones y 9 See also y 10 References y 11 Further reading y 12 External links History Main article: History of mobile phones An evolution of mobile phones Radiophones have a long and varied history going back to Reginald Fessenden's invention and shore-to-ship demonstration of radio telephony, through the Second World War with military use of radio telephony links and civil services in the 1950s. The first mobile telephone call made from a car occurred in St. Louis, Missouri, USA on June 17, 1946, using the Bell System's Mobile Telephone Service, but the system was impractical from what is considered a portable handset today. The equipment weighed 80 pounds (36 kg), and the AT&T service, basically a massive party line, cost US$30 per month (equal to $337.33 today) plus 30±40 cents per local call, equal to $3.37 to $4.5 today.[4] In 1956, the world¶s first partly automatic car phone system, Mobile System A (MTA), was launched in Sweden. MTA phones were composed of vacuum tubes and relays, and had a weight of 40 kg. In 1962, a more modern version called Mobile System B (MTB) was launched, which was a push-button telephone, and which used transistors to enhance the telephone¶s calling capacity and improve its operational reliability, thereby reducing the weight of the apparatus to 10 kg. In 1971, the MTD version was launched, opening for several different brands of equipment and gaining commercial success.[5][6] Early phones were not mobile Martin Cooper, a Motorola researcher and executive is considered to be the inventor of the first practical mobile phone for handheld use in a non-vehicle setting, after a long race against Bell Labs for the first portable mobile phone. Using a modern, if somewhat heavy portable handset, Cooper made the first call on a handheld mobile phone on April 3, 1973 to his rival, Dr. Joel S. Engel of Bell Labs.[7] The first commercially automated cellular network (the 1G) was launched in Japan by NTT in 1979, initially in the metropolitan area of Tokyo. Within five years, the NTT network had been expanded to cover the whole population of Japan and became the first nationwide 1G network. In 1981, this was followed by the simultaneous launch of the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) system in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.[8] NMT was the first mobile phone network featuring international roaming. The first 1G network launched in the USA was Chicago-based Ameritech in 1983 using the Motorola DynaTAC mobile phone. Several countries then followed in the early-to-mid 1980s including the UK, Mexico and Canada. The first "modern" network technology on digital 2G (second generation) cellular technology was launched by Radiolinja (now part of Elisa Group) in 1991 in Finland on the GSM standard, which also marked the introduction of competition in mobile telecoms when Radiolinja challenged incumbent Telecom Finland (now part of TeliaSonera) who ran a 1G NMT network. In 2001, the first commercial launch of 3G (Third Generation) was again in Japan by NTT DoCoMo on the WCDMA standard.[9] One of the newest 3G technologies to be implemented is High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA). It is an enhanced 3G (third generation) mobile telephony communications protocol in the high-speed packet access (HSPA) family, also coined 3.5G, 3G+ or turbo 3G, which allows networks based on Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) to have higher data transfer speeds and capacity. Features Main articles: Mobile phone features and Smartphone A printed circuit board inside a Nokia 3210 All mobile phones have a number of features in common, but manufacturers also try to differentiate their own products by implementing additional functions to make them more attractive to consumers. This has led to great innovation in mobile phone development over the past 20 years. The common components found on all phones are: y A battery, typically rechargeable, providing the power source for the phone functions y An input mechanism to allow the user to interact with the phone. The most common input mechanism is a keypad, but touch screens are also found in some high-end smartphones. y Basic mobile phone services to allow users to make calls and send text messages. y All GSM phones use a SIM card to allow an account to be swapped among devices. Some CDMA devices also have a similar card called a R-UIM. y Individual GSM, WCDMA, iDEN and some satellite phone devices are uniquely identified by an International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) number. Low-end mobile phones are often referred to as feature phones, and offer basic telephony, as well as functions such as playing music and taking photos, and sometimes simple applications based on generic managed platforms such as Java ME or BREW. Handsets with more advanced computing ability through the use of native software applications became known as smartphones. The first smartphone was the Nokia 9000 Communicator in 1996 which added PDA functionality to the basic mobile phone at the time. As miniaturization and increased processing power of microchips has enabled ever more features to be added to phones, the concept of the smartphone has evolved, and what was a high-end smartphone five years ago, is a standard phone today. Several phone series have been introduced to address a given market segment, such as the RIM BlackBerry focusing on enterprise/corporate customer email needs; the SonyEricsson Walkman series of musicphones and Cybershot series of cameraphones; the Nokia Nseries of multimedia phones, the Palm Pre the HTC Dream and the Apple iPhone. Other features that may be found on mobile phones include GPS navigation, music (MP3) and video (MP4) playback, RDS radio receiver, alarms, memo recording, personal digital assistant functions, ability to watch streaming video, video download, video calling, built-in cameras (1.0+ Mpx) and camcorders (video recording), with autofocus and flash, ringtones, games, PTT, memory card reader (SD), USB (2.0), dual line support, infrared, Bluetooth (2.0) and WiFi connectivity, instant messaging, Internet e-mail and browsing and serving as a wireless modem. Nokia and the University of Cambridge demonstrated a bendable cell phone called the Morph.[10] Some phones can make mobile payments via direct mobile billing schemes or through contactless payments if the phone and point of sale support Near Field Communication (NFC).[11] Some of the largest mobile phone manufacturers and network providers along with many retail merchants support, or plan to support, contactless payments through NFC-equipped mobile phones.[12][13][14] Some phones have an electromechanical transducer on the back which changes the electrical voice signal into mechanical vibrations. The vibrations flow through the cheek bones or forehead allowing the user to hear the conversation. This is useful in the noisy situations or if the user is hard of hearing. [15] Software and applications A Toshiba TG01 phone with touchscreen feature See also: Mobile Industry Processor Interface The most commonly used data application on mobile phones is SMS text messaging. The first SMS text message was sent from a computer to a mobile phone in 1992 in the UK, while the first person-to-person SMS from phone to phone was sent in Finland in 1993.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phone User Guide
    Phone User Guide MOTOSLVRTM L7c by Motorola® www.sprint.com © 2006 Sprint Nextel. All rights reserved. SPRINT, the “Going Forward” logo, the NEXTEL name and logo, and other trademarks are trademarks of Sprint Nextel. Printed in the U.S.A. Motorola, Inc. Consumer Advocacy Office 1307 East Algonquin Road Schaumburg, IL 60196 www.hellomoto.com 1-800-331-6456 (United States) 1-888-390-6456 (TTY/TDD United States for hearing impaired) 1-800-461-4575 (Canada) Certain mobile phone features are dependent on the capabilities and settings of your service provider’s network. Additionally, certain features may not be activated by your service provider, and/or the provider's network settings may limit the feature’s functionality. Always contact your service provider about feature availability and functionality. All features, functionality, and other product specifications, as well as the information contained in this user's guide are based upon the latest available information and are believed to be accurate at the time of printing. Motorola reserves the right to change or modify any information or specifications without notice or obligation. © Motorola, Inc., 2006. MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Software Copyright Notice The Motorola products described in this manual may include copyrighted Motorola and third-party software stored in semiconductor memories or other media. Laws in the United States and other countries preserve for Motorola and third-party software providers certain exclusive rights for copyrighted software, such as the exclusive rights to distribute or reproduce the copyrighted software.
    [Show full text]
  • Cell Phone Use on the Roads in 2002 December 2004 6
    U.S. Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration DOT HS 809 580 December 2004 Technical Report Cell Phone Use on the Roads in 2002 Published By: National Center for Statistics and Analysis This document is available to the public from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161 Technical Report Documentation Page 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. 1. Report No. DOT HS 809 580 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Cell Phone Use on the Roads in 2002 December 2004 6. Performing Organization Code NPO-101 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Glassbrenner, Donna, Ph.D. 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Mathematical Analysis Division, National Center for Statistics and Analysis National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 11. Contract or Grant No. U.S. Department of Transportation DTNH22-00-07001 NPO-101, 400 Seventh Street, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20590 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Mathematical Analysis Division, National Center for Statistics and Analysis NHTSA Technical Report National Highway Traffic Safety Administration U.S. Department of Transportation 14. Sponsoring Agency Code NPO-101, 400 Seventh Street, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20590 15. Supplementary Notes Data collection, estimation, and variance estimation for NHTSA’s National Occupant Protection Use Survey were conducted by Westat, Inc under the direction of NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics and Analysis under federal contract number DTNH22-00-07001. Also we thank Mike Goodman and Julie Barker in NHTSA’s Office of Advanced Safety Research, and Paul Tremont in the Office of Research and Technology for helpful comments.
    [Show full text]
  • Innovative Features Driving Mobile Phone Usage by Students in Kenya
    INNOVATIVE FEATURES DRIVING MOBILE PHONE USAGE BY STUDENTS IN KENYA Richard K. Ronoh1, Samuel Mbugua2 and Franklin Wabwoba3 1,2,3 School of Computing and Informatics, Kibabii University, Kenya Abstract-Mobile phone adoption and usage enjoyed drastic and exponential success as far as the history of technology adoption goes. However, there are indications that users are becoming overwhelmed by the unconstraint addition of features and services to the mobile phone guided by the assumption that “more is better”. Currently, mobile phone features present a range of innovations that are rarely useful to majority of users. The result is that many mobile phone features are never used and yet these features significantly contribute to power consumption and cost of the mobile phone. This study investigated innovative phone features that influence mobile phone usage patterns amongst university students in Kenya. In this descriptive analytical study 310 students were selected. Data was collected using a questionnaire and interviews. An average of 24% of respondents indicated that they used most of the features provided by their mobile phones. Provision of appropriate educational programs about beneficial use of mobile phone is quite crucial. Keywords-Mobile phone features, usage patterns, feature clusters I. INTRODUCTION In the 21st century the mobile phone is an indispensible part of everyday life, only found strange when it is absent. Mobile phones are found to be very popular among university students, increasing their social inclusion and correctedness as well as providing a sense of security as they can contact others in times of distress. Kleijnen, et at. ( 2004), economic, social and ergonomic factors are competing to determine the features and functionality included in the design of mobile phone.
    [Show full text]
  • The Novel and Corporeality in the New Media Ecology
    University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Open Access Dissertations 2017 "You Will Hold This Book in Your Hands": The Novel and Corporeality in the New Media Ecology Jason Shrontz University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/oa_diss Recommended Citation Shrontz, Jason, ""You Will Hold This Book in Your Hands": The Novel and Corporeality in the New Media Ecology" (2017). Open Access Dissertations. Paper 558. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/oa_diss/558 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “YOU WILL HOLD THIS BOOK IN YOUR HANDS”: THE NOVEL AND CORPOREALITY IN THE NEW MEDIA ECOLOGY BY JASON SHRONTZ A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ENGLISH UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 2017 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DISSERTATION OF JASON SHRONTZ APPROVED: Dissertation Committee: Major Professor Naomi Mandel Jeremiah Dyehouse Ian Reyes Nasser H. Zawia DEAN OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 2017 ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the relationship between the print novel and new media. It argues that this relationship is productive; that is, it locates the novel and new media within a tense, but symbiotic relationship. This requires an understanding of media relations that is ecological, rather than competitive. More precise, this dissertation investigates ways that the novel incorporates new media. The word “incorporate” refers both to embodiment and physical union.
    [Show full text]
  • Locating New Literary Practices in Indian Digital Spaces Shanmugapriya T Nirmala Menon
    Locating New Literary Practices in Indian Digital Spaces Shanmugapriya T Nirmala Menon INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY INDORE ABSTRACT In this essay, we locate and explore new literary practices and expressions in Indian digital spaces such as SMS novel and social media narratives: poetry, flash fiction, twitterfiction which are not considered as electronic literature in India. The integration of technology and creativity is not a novel phenomenon in Indian literature where one can find the narrative tradition of ancient Indian literature which includes poetical words, paintings, and music, for instance, Pattachitra, Ragamala paintings and Chitra Kavi. Similarly, new literary practices and expressions in the digital environment include literary artefacts such as interfaces, images, audio and videos. These works serve as a gateway to excit- ing electronic literature in India. KEYWORDS new literary practices; digital environment; India; ancient literary practices. RESUMO Neste ensaio, localizamos e exploramos novas práticas e expressões literárias em espaços digitais indianos, tais como romances em SMS e narrativas nos média sociais: poesia, ficção-flash, ficção-twitter que não são considerados literatura eletrónica na Índia. A integração de tecnologia e criatividade não é um fenómeno novo na literatura indiana, onde se pode encontrar uma tradição narrativa da literatura indiana antiga que inclui palavra, pintura e música, por exemplo, Pattachitra, pinturas de Ragamala e Chitra Kavi. Da mesma forma, as novas práticas e expressões literárias no ambiente digital incluem artefactos literários como interfaces, imagens, áudio e vídeo. Estas obras servem como porta de entrada para a literatura eletrónica na Índia. PALAVRAS - CHAVE novas práticas literárias; ambiente digital; Índia; práticas literárias antigas.
    [Show full text]
  • Is Internet Really Ruining the English Language?
    http://elr.sciedupress.com English Linguistics Research Vol. 5, No. 2; 2016 “I Have Lost All Ability To Can”: Is Internet Really Ruining The English Language? Oyedokun-Alli Wasiu Ademola1 Ph.D 1Department of English and Literary Studies, Federal University, Oye –Ekiti, Nigeria Correspondence: Oyedokun-Alli Wasiu Ademola, Ph. D, Department of English and Literary Studies, Federal University, Oye –Ekiti, Nigeria Received: March 22, 2015 Accepted: May 6, 2016 Online Published: May 26, 2016 doi:10.5430/elr.v5n2p28 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/elr.v5n2p28 Paper Presented At The 31st Annual National Conference Of The Nigeria English Studies Association (NESA), At The Federal University Lokoja, 26 -29 October, 2015. Abstract Language is an important instrument through which members of a given community express their thoughts, feelings and emotions; it is one of the most fundamental means of human communication and a primary object of the study of linguistics. It is perhaps no more than trite to suggest that the internet has become a fact of social life globally. However, proving this fact needs an ordered frame of reference. Internet linguistics is yet another domain of linguistics advocated by the English linguist, David Crystal. It studies “new language styles and forms that have arisen under the influence of the Internet and other New Media, such as Short Message Service (SMS) text messaging”, (Wikipedia). There have arisen great disputations on whether or not the use of the Internet is hindering language development. This paper examines these arguments in relation to students’ proficiency in language use, generally. To what extent can one generalize the findings in other climes within the Nigerian context? Using both the Critical Discourse Analysis theory and Braddock communication model, the study examines “sent” and “received” SMS and e-mails from the sample population, with a view to determining the impact on the users’ proficiency level in English language Keywords: Language, Internet linguistics, Text messaging 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Culture of Iphones on Stanford Campus Morgan G
    Managing Mobile Multitasking: The Culture of iPhones on Stanford Campus Morgan G. Ames Department of Communication Stanford University [email protected] ABSTRACT them either iPhones or Android devices [20]. However, there This paper discusses three concepts that govern technosocial is still little scholarship that examines smartphone use practices among university students with iPhones. First is the specifically. This paper explores the rules, etiquette, and social expectation of constant connection that requires practices that governed the use of iPhones on campus, which multitasking to achieve. Second is the resulting technosocial tended to balance two competing desires. On one hand, pecking order of who gets interrupted or ignored for whom. students reported social expectations of constant connection , Third is the way that many students push back against these which often led to heavy multitasking, emphasized by demands with techno-resistance , deliberately curtailing iPhones but also enabled by other mobile phones, laptops, constant connection to reduce the negative effects of and other devices. On the other hand, two-thirds of students multitasking, in spite of the risk of social censure. These practiced techno-resistance , actively setting boundaries or concepts are developed from interviews with 57 students, 30 disconnecting from their iPhones and other devices. This let hours of field observations, and a survey of 177 students on them minimize the negative cognitive effects of multitasking Stanford campus, which in particular explored iPhone use. and reinforce personal identities and values opposing This research concludes that so-called “digital natives” must constant connection. This latter finding in particular presents still navigate familiar social dynamics and personal desires, a contrasting perspective to the often celebratory tone of both online and off.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,349,695 B2 Oommen Et Al
    USOO7349695B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,349,695 B2 Oommen et al. (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 25, 2008 (54) MULTIMODE ROAMING MOBILE DEVICES 6,415,148 B1* 7/2002 Chiniga et al. ............. 455,434 2002fO160763 A1 10, 2002 Mittal et al. (75) Inventors: Paul Oommen, Irving, TX (US); 2003.0054809 A1 3, 2003 Bridges et al. Yichyun Mitch Tseng, Plano, TX (US) 2003, OO88539 A1 5/2003 Andrus et al. 2004/0043788 A1 3/2004 Mittal ........................ 455,558 2004/0203745 A1* 10/2004 Cooper ... ... 455,432.1 (73) Assignee: Nokia Corporation, Espoo (FI) 2004/0235475 A1* 11/2004 Ishii ........................ 455,435.3 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 154 days. Wo wo...A. S. (21) Appl. No.: 10/963,629 WO WO O2/O76131 A1 9, 2002 9 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (22) Filed: Oct. 14, 2004 Mazziotto, G., “The Subscriber Identity Module for the European (65) Prior Publication Data Digital Cellular System GSM', Jun. 26, 1990, pp. 1-9. US 2005/0282544 A1 Dec. 22, 2005 * c1tedcited bby examiner Primary Examiner Keith Ferguson (51) Int. Cl. (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Squire, Sanders & Dempsey, H04O 7/20 (2006.01) LLP. H04O 7/32 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. ............................... 455/432.1; 455/432.2: (57) ABSTRACT 455/435.2:455/435.1; 455/432.3:455/550.1; 455/551:455/422.1s Acations mobile networks SE EEin different geographicalE. regions communi 1s pro (58) Field of ClasgSt.el, 3.45 a.
    [Show full text]
  • XP8 Bell Canada User Guide English
    XP8 USER GUIDE © 2018 by Sonim Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. CONTENT GENERAL INFORMATION Congratulations on the purchase of a Sonim XP8 (XP8800) mobile phone! This phone is LTE smartphone Copyright © 2018 Sonim Technologies, Inc. enabled and has an intuitive feature-rich user interface, Sonim and the Sonim logo are trademarks of Sonim which allows you to make the best use of offered Technologies, Inc. Other company and product names functions. may be trademarks or registered trade-marks of the respective owners with whom they are associated. PHONE MODELS COVERED THIRD PARTY TRADEMARKS This user guide covers Sonim XP8 phone with the model number XP8800. The model name can be seen on Google, Android, Google Calendar, Google Now, Google backside of the phone. Play and other marks are trademarks of Google Inc. Disposal of Old Electrical and Electronic Equipment SONIM SUPPORT INFORMATION The symbol of the crossed-out wheeled For additional product and support information, visit bin indicates that within the countries in the www.sonimtech.com. European Union, this product, and any en- hancements marked with this symbol, cannot USE THE GUIDE EFFECTIVELY be disposed as unsorted waste but must be Familiarize yourself with the terminology and symbols taken to separate collection at their end- of- used in the guide to help you use your phone effectively. life. DISPOSAL OF BATTERY HOME This is the screen displayed when the SCREEN phone is in standby mode. Please check local regulations for disposal of batteries. The battery should never be placed TOUCH & Touch and hold an item on the screen by in municipal waste.
    [Show full text]
  • Meeting of Minds Xix
    MEETING OF MINDS XIX May 13, 2011 This is the nineteenth annual Meeting of Minds gathering. The purpose of this meeting is to highlight the accomplishments of undergraduate stu- dents and their interactions with faculty members from represented uni- versities. Each year the meeting is held on the campus of one of the participating universities. This year, Oakland University will host 184 oral and poster presentations. The sessions will be held in the Oakland Center (OC) and in South Foundation Hall (SFH). Oral presentations are grouped into four time slots with multiple sessions at each time. There will be morning and afternoon poster sessions held across from Café O’Bears in the Oakland Center. All presentation details can be found in the program. In addition, an alphabetical index of stu- dent presenters is included at the back of the program. We extend a special thanks to all faculty sponsors for the generous time and effort spent in working with their undergraduate students and assist- ing them in presentation preparation. Faculty sponsor names are in- cluded with the abstracts in the program. MEETING OF MINDS XIX Oakland University was created in 1957, when the late Alfred G. and Matilda R. Wilson donated their 1,444-acre estate and $2 million to Michigan State University for a new col- lege in Oakland County. In 1970, OU became an independent campus and is now a com- prehensive state-assisted institution with over 19,000 students. Anchored by a strong lib- eral arts program, the university is organized into the College of Arts and Sciences, School of Business Administration, School of Education and Human Services, School of Engineer- ing and Computer Science, School of Health Science, School of Nursing and the Oakland University – William Beaumont School of Medicine.
    [Show full text]
  • Marukawa University of Tokyo! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "#$%&'(!)*)+$! ,#!'#-!.&$./0*-+! '#-!1#$!.&-*-&#'!"&-2#/-!*/-2#$34!)+$5&44&#'!
    University of California Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation Conference on Chinese Approaches to National Innovation University of California, San Diego La Jolla, California, June 28 - 29, 2010 Chinese Innovations in Mobile Telecommunications: Third Generation vs. “Guerrilla Handsets” Tomoo Marukawa University of Tokyo! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "#$%&'(!)*)+$! ,#!'#-!.&$./0*-+! '#-!1#$!.&-*-&#'!"&-2#/-!*/-2#$34!)+$5&44&#'! Chinese Innovations in Mobile Telecommunications: Third Generation vs. ‘Guerrilla Handsets” Paper presented at the IGCC Conference: Chinese Approaches to National Innovation La Jolla, California, June 28-29, 2010 Abstract: This paper analyses two cases of innovation which have taken place recently in China. Although both cases are related to mobile telecommunications, they represent very different types of innovation: One is a government-led, top-down type, which has been much publicized by the Chinese media as a successful case of China’s “indigenous innovation,” while the other is a bottom-up, unofficial one, which is usually not considered as an “innovation” in the Chinese media but rather as a case of industrial piracy. In this paper, however, I will shed light on the innovative aspect of the latter, and compare its market results with the former. JEL classification codes: L63, L86, O32 Tomoo Marukawa Institute of Social Science University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan e-mail: [email protected] Introduction This study analyses two cases of innovation which have taken place recently in China. Although both cases are related to mobile telecommunications, they represent very different types of innovation: One is a government-led, top-down type, which has been much publicized by the Chinese media as a successful case of China’s “indigenous innovation,” while the other is a bottom-up, unofficial one, which is usually not considered as an “innovation” in the Chinese media but rather as a case of industrial piracy.
    [Show full text]
  • The First LTE Car Phone with Telematics Features for Fixed Installation
    PTCarPhone 6 The First LTE Car Phone with Telematics Features for Fixed Installation www.malux.fi PTCarPhone ✓ LTE / 3G / 4G Stand-alone system with SIM card tray ✓ Reachability does not depend on the phones battery ✓ Very safe from theft, loss or defect ✓ Removable handset for discreet phone calls ✓ WiFi hotspot – Share your mobile internet connection ✓ Integrated GPS module; Position location, Route recording, Geofencing ✓ Compatible with BRIDGE - the new web platform ✓ Extensive range of accessories ✓ 6 digital I/O ports Enables several individual functions ✓ Excellent voice and audio quality and Perfect reception due to connections for external antennas ✓ Individual adjustable restrictions; Incoming and outgoing calls, SMS messages, Phone number restriction (FDN function) LTE / VoLTE / WiFi Hotspot The First LTE Car Phone with Telematics Features for Fixed Installation • LTE with multi-antenna technology • Even better reception than the predecessors • Two SMA connections for "LTE MIMO antenna" • VoLTE support → significantly better voice and audio quality, both in hands-free mode and in private mode with the handset WiFi Hotspot - Share your Mobile Internet Connection via WiFi ◼ Mobile wireless internet access ◼ Perfect for mobile (e.g. laptop, tablet) or stationary devices (e.g. vehicle computers) ◼ Up to 10 devices at the same time ◼ Various wireless security settings (as secure as your home network) GPS Tracking and BRIDGE Web Platform Integrated GPS Module • Standard equipment of the PTCarPhone 6 • Enables various telematics functions,
    [Show full text]