Central Coast region

coliforms since 2004, with enterococci analysis Councils commencing in September 2010. The Central Coast region extends from Lake To ensure that the data collected and reported Macquarie in the north to Broken Bay in the south. under the Beachwatch Partnership Program are Swimming locations are monitored in two local accurate and reliable, quality assurance of council areas (Figure 17): sampling, microbial analysis and reporting is undertaken. The findings of the quality assurance  Wyong Shire Council program are described in the quality assurance section of this report.  Gosford City Council. 2011–2012 results The programs Of the 43 sites monitored on the Central Coast, 27 Monitoring in the Central Coast region is conducted were graded as Good or Very Good. (Table 17) under the Beachwatch Partnership Program. In 2011–2012, 43 swimming locations were sampled Ocean beaches (Table 16). Wyong Shire and Gosford City councils Seventeen of the 28 ocean beaches were graded fully fund the sample collection and laboratory as Very Good: Frazer Beach, Birdie Beach, analysis, with quality assurance and reporting Budgewoi Beach, Lakes Beach, Hargraves Beach, support provided by OEH. Jenny Dixon Beach, Cabbage Tree Bay, Lighthouse Beach, Gravelly Beach, Soldiers Beach, North Wyong Shire Council has been a part of the Entrance Beach, The Entrance Beach, Blue Bay, Beachwatch Partnership Program since its inception Toowoon Bay, Shelly Beach, Blue Lagoon, Bateau in 2002 (as the Beachwatch Pilot Partnership Bay Beach in the Wyong Shire Council area. These Program). Enterococci samples were collected at 22 sites had consistently good water quality and very sites on a weekly basis during the swimming few potential sources of faecal contamination. season (October to April). Samples were collected between the flags at patrolled beaches and in the Eight ocean beaches were graded as Good: middle of the beach at unpatrolled beaches. Forresters Beach, Wamberal Beach, North Avoca Beach, Avoca Beach, Copacabana Beach, Gosford City Council joined the Beachwatch MacMasters Beach, Killcare Beach and Pearl Partnership Program in 2004. Samples were Beach in the Gosford City Council area. Microbial collected on a weekly basis during the 2011–2012 water quality was suitable for swimming most of the swimming season (October to April) at 21 swimming time but may be susceptible to pollution from locations. Samples have been analysed for faecal several potential sources of faecal contamination.

Table 16: Monitoring of Central Coast swimming sites

Number of sites Sampling Organisation Ocean Ocean Lagoon/ Freshwater frequency Estuarine Total beaches baths lake river

Weekly (October Wyong Shire Council 17 – 1 4 – 22 to April) Weekly (October Gosford City Council 11 1 5 4 – 21 to April)

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 133

Figure 17: Councils and sampling locations in the Central Coast region

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 134

Three ocean beaches were graded as Poor: The remaining five estuarine locations were graded Terrigal Beach, Umina Beach and Ocean Beach in as Poor (Table 17). These sites often had poor Gosford City Council area. These sites often had water quality (Microbial Assessment Category C or poor water quality and significant sources of D) and significant sources of microbial microbial contamination including discharge from contamination including sewage overflows, Terrigal Lagoon and Brisbane Water. Microbial stormwater and pollution sources from other areas water quality at these sites is generally suitable for of the estuary. Swimming at these sites should be swimming in dry weather conditions but is avoided during and for up to three days following susceptible to faecal contamination following rainfall or if there are signs of stormwater pollution, rainfall. It is recommended that swimming at these such as discoloured water or odour or floating beaches be avoided during and up to three days debris. following rainfall or if there are signs of stormwater such as discoloured water or odour or floating Lagoons debris. One of the eight lagoon sites (Chain Valley Bay) Ocean baths was graded as Good. Enterococci levels at this site were generally suitable for swimming, but water Pearl Beach Rockpool was graded as Poor. The quality may be affected by several potential sources site had several incidents of high microbial levels, of faecal contamination. and may be affected by several potential sources of faecal contamination including bather shedding and Six of the eight lagoon sites were classified as Poor discharge from Green Point Creek. Contaminated (Table 17). These sites often had poor water quality floodwaters from the Hawkesbury River in February (Microbial Assessment Category C or D) and 2012 may also have impacted water quality at this significant sources of microbial contamination site. including sewage overflows and pollution sources from other areas of the lagoon. Swimming at these The cause of the poor water quality at Pearl Beach locations should be avoided during and for up to Rockpool is being further investigated by three days following rainfall or if there are signs of Beachwatch with inspection and testing of Green stormwater contamination, such as discoloured Point Creek to identify the source of contamination. water or odour or floating debris. Water samples taken from the creek and rockpool during dry weather conditions had low levels of Terrigal Lagoon was graded as Very Poor. The bacteria suggesting a wet weather source of faecal microbial water quality was unsuitable for swimming contamination. Until this investigation is complete, it in wet weather and in dry weather up to three days is recommended that swimming in the rockpool be after light rainfall. Swimming should be avoided avoided during and up to one day following rainfall during this time and at times when there are signs and if there are signs of pollution such as of stormwater pollution, such as discoloured water discoloured water or odour or floating debris. or odour or floating debris. A number of potential sources of faecal contamination have been Estuarine identified including urban stormwater, sewage overflows and pollution sources from other areas of One of the six estuarine swimming sites (The the lagoon. Further investigations into the source of Entrance Channel) was graded as Good. faecal contamination in Terrigal Lagoon are Enterococci levels at this site were generally planned. suitable for swimming, but water quality may be affected by several potential sources of faecal contamination.

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 135

Table 17: Beach Suitability Grades in the Central Coast region, 2011–2012

Sanitary Microbial Beach Site Site type Inspection Assessment Suitability Category Category Grade

Frazer Beach Ocean beach Low Category A Very Good Birdie Beach Ocean beach Low Category A Very Good Budgewoi Beach Ocean beach Low Category A Very Good Lakes Beach Ocean beach Low Category A Very Good Hargraves Beach Ocean beach Low Category A Very Good Jenny Dixon Beach Ocean beach Low Category A Very Good Cabbage Tree Bay Ocean beach Low Category A Very Good Lighthouse Beach Ocean beach Low Category A Very Good Gravelly Beach Ocean beach Low Category A Very Good Soldiers Beach Ocean beach Low Category A Very Good North Entrance Beach Ocean beach Low Category A Very Good The Entrance Beach Ocean beach Low Category A Very Good Blue Bay Ocean beach Low Category A Very Good Toowoon Bay Ocean beach Low Category A Very Good Wyong Shire Council Council Shire Wyong Shelly Beach Ocean beach Low Category A Very Good Blue Lagoon Ocean beach Low Category A Very Good Bateau Bay Beach Ocean beach Low Category A Very Good Gwandalan Lagoon/lake Moderate Category C Poor Chain Valley Bay Lagoon/lake Moderate Category B Good Lake Munmorah Baths Lagoon/lake Moderate Category C Poor Canton Beach Lagoon/lake Moderate Category C Poor The Entrance Channel Estuarine Moderate Category B Good Forresters Beach Ocean beach Low Category B Good Wamberal Beach Ocean beach Moderate Category B Good Wamberal Lagoon Lagoon Moderate Category D Poor Terrigal Beach Ocean beach Moderate Category C Poor Terrigal Lagoon Lagoon High Category D Very Poor North Avoca Beach Ocean beach Low Category B Good Avoca Beach Ocean beach Moderate Category B Good Avoca Lagoon Lagoon Moderate Category D Poor Copacabana Beach Ocean beach Moderate Category B Good

Cockrone Lagoon Lagoon Moderate Category D Poor MacMasters Beach Ocean beach Low Category B Good Killcare Beach Ocean beach Low Category B Good Pearl Beach Ocean beach Moderate Category B Good

Gosford City Council Council City Gosford Pearl Beach Rockpool Ocean baths Moderate Category D Poor Umina Beach Ocean beach Moderate Category C Poor Ocean Beach Ocean beach Moderate Category C Poor Ettalong Channel Estuarine Moderate Category D Poor Pretty Beach Baths Estuarine Moderate Category D Poor Davistown Baths Estuarine Moderate Category D Poor Woy Woy Baths Estuarine Moderate Category D Poor Yattalunga Baths Estuarine Moderate Category C Poor

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 136

Wyong Shire Council

Figure 18: Sampling locations and Beach Suitability Grades in the Wyong Shire Council area

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 137

swimming season, covering February 2009 until Overview of the area April 2012. Description However, as sampling at Lake Munmorah Baths Wyong Shire Council is located approximately 100 began in 2010, there are fewer than 100 data points kilometres north of Sydney and covers an area of currently available for analysis. The Microbial 827 square kilometres. The Shire extends from Assessment Category at this site is therefore Catherine Hill Bay in the north to Crackneck Point in regarded as provisional. As more data become the south. The estimated local resident population available in following years the beach grade will at the 2011 Census was 149,746 (ABS 2012), become final and response to rainfall trends more showing an average growth rate of 1.4 per cent per defined. year since the 2006 Census (ABS 2007).

The council area encompasses numerous ocean Sanitary inspections beaches, the southern extent of Lake Macquarie, Sanitary inspections have been completed for all Tuggerah Lakes and the Wyong River. monitored swimming locations in the Wyong Shire Council area. These are scheduled for review Wyong Shire is characterised by towns and villages during 2012–2013. separated by extensive areas of natural vegetation. The three predominant land uses are urban Beach Suitability Grades development, agriculture and forestry (Wyong Shire Council 2007). Nineteen of the 22 swimming locations monitored by Wyong Shire Council were graded as Very Good Rainfall or Good during 2011–2012 (Figure 18). There were several significant rain and flooding Very Good events on the Central Coast during 2011–2012 (BOM 2012): Seventeen ocean beaches were graded as Very Good: Frazer Beach, Birdie Beach, Budgewoi  Heavy rainfall on the central coast in Beach, Lakes Beach, Hargraves Beach, Jenny December led to a daily total of 80 mm in Dixon Beach, Cabbage Tree Bay, Lighthouse Wyong, which is the highest December daily Beach, Gravelly Beach, Soldiers Beach, North rainfall total on record. This event triggered Entrance, The Entrance Beach, Blue Bay, Toowoon flash flooding in the region. Bay, Shelly Beach, Blue Lagoon and Bateau Bay Beach.  More heavy rainfall in early February included a thunderstorm at Wyong which These sites all had excellent microbial water quality bought 23 mm of rain in 20 minutes. (Microbial Assessment Category A) and few potential sources of microbial contamination  Rainfall was particularly heavy on the central (Sanitary Inspection Categories of Low). coast in April including 48-hour totals of 137 mm at The Entrance and 135 mm at Norah Head. This rain triggered flash flooding Good and associated poor water quality, The Entrance Channel and Chain Valley Bay were particularly in lagoons and estuaries. graded as Good. These sites had mostly good water quality during the assessment period Assessment (Microbial Assessment Category B) but had more significant potential sources of microbial Microbial water quality contamination including stormwater and outflow from Tuggerah Lakes. NHMRC recommends that at least 20 samples are collected each year, providing 100 data points over a five year period. The sampling frequency at sites Fair in the Wyong Shire Council area is higher than this No swimming sites were graded as Fair. minimum, with 30 samples collected each year at the 22 monitored locations. Poor The Microbial Assessment Category for 2011–2012 Three Lagoon/Lake sites were graded as Poor: for most sites was calculated from the most recent Gwandalan, Lake Munmorah Baths and Canton 100 data points up until the end of the 2011–2012 Beach. While microbial water quality was mostly suitable for swimming during dry weather

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 138

conditions, these sites are susceptible to Gross pollutant traps have been constructed at a contamination from a number of potential sources, number of drains in the shire to trap sediment and and elevated enterococci levels are often recorded gross pollutants. following five millimetres of rainfall. Although enterococci levels were mostly safe for swimming Council lifeguards are responsible for closing during summer 2011–2012, the proportion of slightly beaches during hazardous beach conditions. elevated results was higher due to the wet Lifeguards erect warning signs during dangerous conditions. It is recommended that swimming at surf conditions, when marine stingers are present, these sites be avoided during and for up to three or when there is suspected algal contamination, days following rainfall or if there are signs of stormwater or sewage pollution. stormwater pollution, such as discoloured water or odour or floating debris. In the event of suspected algal blooms, water samples are collected and sent to the Hunter Very Poor Regional Algal Coordinating Committee (HRACC), and advice is sought to coordinate an appropriate No swimming sites were graded as Very Poor. course of action. Management If sewage contamination is suspected, the swimming area is closed and microbial water quality Wastewater management testing undertaken until samples indicate that water quality is once again suitable for swimming. Wyong Shire Council manages two sewerage systems and these service the majority of the Management plans Wyong Shire. The Toukley Sewage Treatment System is the largest and includes sewage treatment plants (STPs) at Wyong South, Wyong Shire Council has a number of management Gwandalan, Mannering Park, Charmhaven and plans for coastal and urban catchments; these plans Toukley. Effluent is treated to secondary level, and identify key issues and actions to be undertaken. then discharged from the Norah Head Deep Ocean Outfall, which is located 2.8 kilometres offshore The Tuggerah Lakes Estuary Management Plan (EPA NSW 2012). outlines works that include riparian rehabilitation and construction of stormwater treatment devices at The Bateau Bay STP discharges secondary-treated priority locations in Tuggerah Lakes Estuary, and disinfected effluent from Wonga Point Deep improvement of recreation facilities, wetland Ocean Outfall which is located 2.4 kilometres creation, bush regeneration and stormwater offshore (EPA NSW 2012). improvement works.

While the majority of Wyong Shire is connected to Council is also in the process of developing a the sewerage system, there are some on-site coastal management plan and implementing the sewage management systems, mostly within rural Urban Stormwater Quality Management Plan for areas. Tuggerah Lakes and the coastal catchments.

Site management Lifeguard service Wyong Shire Council has placed precautionary Wyong Shire Council lifeguard service patrols six signage at all lake, river and creek swimming sites, main beaches. Soldiers and Shelly beaches are advising that these areas are affected by patrolled year round and Lakes, North Entrance, stormwater pollution for up to three days following The Entrance and Toowoon Bay beaches are heavy rain and that swimming is not recommended patrolled for seven months of the year (from the end during these periods. of September to late April). On weekends, public holidays and Christmas holidays, the beaches are patrolled by Surf Lifesaving volunteers.

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 139

Frazer Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Very Good Frazer Beach is located within the Munmorah State Conservation Area. The beach is patrolled during Christmas and Easter school holidays and is frequently used on weekends and holidays for surfing, swimming, fishing and camping.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Very Good indicates that the microbial water quality is considered suitable for swimming almost all of the time, with few potential sources of faecal contamination.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels had little response to rainfall and remained below the safe swimming limit across all rainfall categories.

The site has been monitored since 2002 and microbial water quality has been of a very high standard. See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Low Microbial Assessment: A SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is January 2009 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

400 C 300

95th %ile 200 Category B 100 2 2 2 16 2 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Norah Head rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time

100%

80%

60%

40%

20% Low

% Enterococci samples samples % Enterococci 0% Animals

Lagoons 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 Toilet Facilities <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 140

Birdie Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Very Good Birdie Beach is located at the northern end of an eight kilometre stretch of beach within the Munmorah State Conservation Area. The beach is backed by a well-vegetated dune system. It is popular during holiday periods and is used for swimming, surfing, fishing and camping.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Very Good indicates that the microbial water quality is considered suitable for swimming almost all of the time, with few potential sources of faecal contamination.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels had little response to rainfall and remained below the safe swimming limit across all rainfall categories.

The site has been monitored since 2002 and microbial water quality has been of a very high standard. See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Low Microbial Assessment: A SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is January 2009 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

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95th %ile 200 Category B 100 2 2 2 7 3 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Norah Head rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time

100%

80%

60%

40%

20% Low

% Enterococci samples % Enterococci 0%

Animals Lagoons 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 Toilet Facilities <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 141

Budgewoi Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Very Good Budgewoi Beach is located in the centre of an eight kilometre stretch of beach and is backed by a reserve. The beach is frequently used on weekends and during holiday periods.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Very Good indicates that the microbial water quality is considered suitable for swimming almost all of the time, with very few potential sources of faecal contamination.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels had little response to rainfall and remained below the safe swimming limit across all rainfall categories.

The site has been monitored since 2002 and water quality has been of a very high standard.

See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Low Microbial Assessment: A SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is January 2009 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

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95th %ile 200 Category B 100 40 3 9 14 10 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Norah Head rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time

100%

80%

60%

40%

20% Low

% Enterococci samples samples % Enterococci 0%

Animals 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12

Bathers <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 142

Lakes Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Very Good Lakes Beach is located at the southern end of an eight kilometre stretch of beach and is backed by a reserve. The beach is patrolled during peak holiday periods, when large numbers of swimmers and surfers visit the beach.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Very Good indicates that the microbial water quality is considered suitable for swimming almost all of the time, with very few potential sources of faecal contamination.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels had little response to rainfall and remained below the safe swimming limit across all rainfall categories.

The site has been monitored since 2002. Microbial water quality has been of a very high standard, with very little variation between years. See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Low Microbial Assessment: A SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is January 2009 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

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95th %ile 200 Category B 100 7 12 4 8 2 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Norah Head rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time

100%

80%

60%

40%

20% Low

% Enterococci samples % Enterococci 0% Animals

Toilet Facilities 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12

Bathers <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 143

Hargraves Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Very Good Hargraves Beach is not patrolled and is difficult to access. Despite this, the beach is frequently used on weekends and holidays by the local community. The beach is backed by a reserve.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Very Good indicates that the microbial water quality is considered suitable for swimming almost all of the time, with very few potential sources of faecal contamination.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels had little response to rainfall and remained below the safe swimming limit across all rainfall categories.

The site has been monitored since 2002. Microbial water quality has been of a very high standard, with very little variation among years.

See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Low Microbial Assessment: A SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is February 2009 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

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95th %ile 200 Category B 100 26 4 12 12 7 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Norah Head rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time

100%

80%

60%

40%

20% Low

% Enterococci samples samples % Enterococci 0%

Animals 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12

Bathers <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 144

Jenny Dixon Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Very Good Jenny Dixon Beach is approximately 300 metres long and is protected by reefs and Norah Head. The beach is popular with the local community and is frequently used on weekends and holidays. It is backed by an escarpment and residential development.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Very Good indicates that the microbial water quality is considered suitable for swimming almost all of the time, with few potential sources of faecal contamination.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels increased slightly with increasing rainfall, rarely exceeding the safe swimming limit.

The site has been monitored since 2002 and microbial water quality has been of a very high standard.

See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Low Microbial Assessment: A SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is February 2009 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

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95th %ile 200 Category B 100 22 3 9 16 20 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Norah Head rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time

100%

80%

60%

40%

20% Low

% Enterococci samples samples % Enterococci 0%

Animals Stormwater 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 Toilet Facilities <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 145

Cabbage Tree Bay Beach Suitability Grade: Very Good Cabbage Tree Bay is located at Norah Head and is backed by a reserve and a steep escarpment. It is not patrolled but is frequently used during the summer months for swimming, snorkelling, diving and fishing. There are also boat-launching facilities.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Very Good indicates that the microbial water quality is considered suitable for swimming almost all of the time, with few potential sources of significant faecal contamination.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels increased slightly with increasing rainfall, rarely exceeding the safe swimming limit.

The site has been monitored since 2002 and microbial water quality has generally been of a high standard.

See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Low Microbial Assessment: A SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is February 2009 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

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95th %ile 200 Category B 100 22 24 40 3 10 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Norah Head rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time

100%

80%

60%

40%

20% Low Animals

Boats samples % Enterococci 0% Stormwater

Sewer Chokes 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 Toilet Facilities <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 146

Lighthouse Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Very Good Lighthouse Beach is situated on Norah Head. Access to the beach is via a walking track from the Norah Head Lighthouse. The beach is used mainly for fishing, snorkelling, diving and surfing.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Very Good indicates that the microbial water quality is considered suitable for swimming almost all of the time, with very few potential sources of faecal contamination.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels increased slightly with increasing rainfall, but remained below the safe swimming limit across all rainfall categories.

The site has been monitored since 2002 and microbial water quality has remained at a consistently high standard.

See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Low Microbial Assessment: A SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is February 2009 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

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95th %ile 200 Category B 100 32 9 12 18 24 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Norah Head rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time

100%

80%

60%

40%

20% Low

% Enterococci samples samples % Enterococci 0%

Animals 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12

Bathers <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 147

Gravelly Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Very Good Gravelly Beach is located approximately 500 metres south of Norah Head and is backed by high dunes and vegetation. The beach is protected by wide rock platforms at both ends. Access is via Norah Head walking track or the car park located at Soldiers Beach to the south.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Very Good indicates that the microbial water quality is considered suitable for swimming almost all of the time, with very few potential sources of faecal contamination.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci did not respond to rainfall and rarely exceeded the safe swimming limit in any rainfall category.

The site has been monitored since 2002 and microbial water has generally been of a high standard.

See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Low Microbial Assessment: A SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is February 2009 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

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95th %ile 200 Category B 100 7 16 10 6 7 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Norah Head rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time

100%

80%

60%

40%

20% Low

% Enterococci samples samples % Enterococci 0%

Animals 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12

Bathers <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 148

Soldiers Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Very Good Soldiers Beach is patrolled, with the surf club located toward the northern end of the beach. The beach is popular in the summer and is used by surfers throughout the year. A caravan park and residential area are located close by.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Very Good indicates that the microbial water quality is considered suitable for swimming almost all of the time, with few potential sources of faecal contamination.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels had little response to rainfall and generally remained below the safe swimming limit across all rainfall categories.

The site has been monitored since 2002 and microbial water quality has been of a very high standard. See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Low Microbial Assessment: A SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is February 2009 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

400 C 300

95th %ile 200 Category B 100 8 6 3 2 3 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Norah Head rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time

100%

80%

60%

40%

20% Low

% Enterococci samples % Enterococci 0% Stormwater Sewer Chokes 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12

Toilet Facilities <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 149

North Entrance Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Very Good North Entrance Beach is a popular beach located to the north of Tuggerah Lake entrance. The sampling site is located in front of the surf club. The site is backed by urban development and a caravan park is located nearby.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Very Good indicates that the microbial water quality is considered suitable for swimming almost all of the time, with few potential sources of faecal contamination.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels had little response to rainfall and generally remained below the safe swimming limit across all rainfall categories.

The site has been monitored since 2002 and microbial water has generally been of a high standard. See page 21 for key to map

Sanitary Inspection: Low Microbial Assessment: A SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is February 2009 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

400 C 300

95th %ile 200 Category B 100 2 9 5 4 5 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from The Entrance rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time

100%

80%

60%

40%

20% Low

% Enterococci samples samples % Enterococci 0% River Discharge

Toilet Facilities 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12

Bathers <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 150

The Entrance Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Very Good The Entrance Beach is a popular beach located immediately south of the Tuggerah Lake entrance. It is backed by high-density residential and holiday apartment development.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Very Good indicates that the microbial water quality is considered suitable for swimming almost all of the time, with few potential sources of significant faecal contamination.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels had little response to rainfall and generally remained below the safe swimming limit across all rainfall categories.

The site has been monitored since 2002 and microbial water quality has generally been of a high standard.

See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Low Microbial Assessment: A SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is February 2009 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

400 C 300

95th %ile 200 Category B 100 34 40 12 7 16 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from The Entrance rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time

100%

80%

60%

40%

20% Low River Discharge

% Enterococci samples samples % Enterococci 0% Stormwater Sewer Chokes 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12

Toilet Facilities <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 151

Blue Bay Beach Suitability Grade: Very Good Blue Bay is a calm, ocean beach bounded by a wide rock platform to the north and a sand-spit to the south. The beach is backed by residential development. It is popular with families owing to the prevailing calm water conditions.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Very Good indicates that the microbial water quality is considered suitable for swimming almost all of the time, with few potential sources of significant faecal contamination.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels increased slightly with increasing rainfall, but generally remained below the safe swimming limit.

The site has been monitored since 2002 and microbial water quality has generally been of a high standard. See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Low Microbial Assessment: A SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is February 2009 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

400 C 300

95th %ile 200 Category B 100 20 20 24 28 28 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from The Entrance rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time

100%

80%

60%

40%

20% Low

Animals samples % Enterococci 0% Stormwater Sewer Chokes 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12

Toilet Facilities <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 152

Toowoon Bay Beach Suitability Grade: Very Good Toowoon Bay is a relatively calm ocean beach that is protected by headlands. Parking, picnic areas, a surf club and a caravan park are located at the southern end of the beach. The beach is very popular for swimming and snorkelling, particularly during the summer holiday period.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Very Good indicates that the microbial water quality is considered suitable for swimming almost all of the time, with few potential sources of significant faecal contamination.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels increased slightly with increasing rainfall, rarely exceeding the safe swimming limit across all rainfall categories.

The site has been monitored since 2002 and microbial water quality has generally been of a high standard. See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Low Microbial Assessment: A SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is February 2009 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

400 C 300

95th %ile 200 Category B 100 38 18 16 16 24 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from The Entrance rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time

100%

80%

60%

40%

20% Low Boats

% Enterococci samples % Enterococci 0% Stormwater Sewer Chokes 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12

Toilet Facilities <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 153

Shelly Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Very Good Shelly Beach is backed by a high dune system and a golf course. A surf club, a car park and caravan park are located at the southern end of the beach. The area is very popular on weekends and holidays.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Very Good indicates that the microbial water quality is considered suitable for swimming almost all of the time, with few potential sources of significant faecal contamination.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels had little response to rainfall and generally remained below the safe swimming limit across all rainfall categories.

The site has been monitored since 2002. Microbial water quality has generally been of a high standard.

See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Low Microbial Assessment: A SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is February 2009 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

400 C 300

95th %ile 200 Category B 100 14 18 22 26 14 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from The Entrance rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time

100%

80%

60%

40%

20% Low

Animals samples % Enterococci 0% Stormwater Sewer Chokes 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12

Toilet Facilities <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 154

Blue Lagoon Beach Suitability Grade: Very Good Blue Lagoon is a short, calm, ocean beach protected by a reef approximately 200 metres offshore. It is backed by a caravan park and is popular with tourists to the area. The beach is used extensively on weekends and during holiday periods for swimming and snorkelling.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Very Good indicates that the microbial water quality is considered suitable for swimming almost all of the time, with few potential sources of faecal contamination.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels had little response to rainfall and generally remained below the safe swimming limit across all rainfall categories.

The site has been monitored since 2002 and microbial water quality has been of a very high standard. See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Low Microbial Assessment: A SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is February 2009 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

400 C 300

95th %ile 200 Category B 100 20 12 9 7 10 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from The Entrance rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time

100%

80%

60%

40%

20% Low

% Enterococci samples % Enterococci 0% Animals Stormwater Sewer Chokes 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12

Bathers <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 155

Bateau Bay Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Very Good Bateau Bay Beach is approximately 200 metres long and is backed by Wyrrabalong National Park. The beach is not patrolled and is protected by prominent headlands and reefs. It is popular with family groups on weekends and during holiday periods.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Very Good indicates that the microbial water quality is considered suitable for swimming almost all of the time, with few potential sources of significant faecal contamination.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels had little response to rainfall and generally remained below the safe swimming limit across all rainfall categories.

The site has been monitored since 2002 and microbial water quality has been of a consistently high standard. See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Low Microbial Assessment: A SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is February 2009 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

400 C 300

95th %ile 200 Category B 100 10 14 9 6 14 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from The Entrance rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time

100%

80%

60%

40%

20% Low

Animals samples % Enterococci 0% Stormwater Sewer Chokes 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12

Toilet Facilities <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 156

Gwandalan Beach Suitability Grade: Poor Gwandalan is a netted swimming enclosure within Crangan Bay in Lake Macquarie. The site is backed by a small reserve and the township of Gwandalan. The location is popular with local children.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Poor indicates that the microbial water quality is susceptible to faecal pollution, particularly after rainfall, with a number of potential sources of faecal contamination including stormwater.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels generally increased with increasing rainfall and often exceeded the safe swimming limit in response to 10 mm of rainfall or more.

The site has been monitored since 2002. While enterococci levels were mostly safe for swimming during summer 2011–2012, the proportion of slightly elevated results was higher due to the wet conditions. See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Moderate Microbial Assessment: C SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is January 2009 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500 390 400 C 300

160

95th %ile 200 Category 90 B 100 75 75 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Norah Head rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time

Animals 100% Boats 80% Lake 60%

40% Stormwater 20% Low

% Enterococci samples samples % Enterococci 0% Sewer Chokes 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12

Toilet Facilities <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 157

Chain Valley Bay Beach Suitability Grade: Good Chain Valley Bay is an enclosed swimming area located in the south-east of Lake Macquarie. The site is backed by a small reserve and residential development. The swimming site is popular with local children.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Good indicates that the microbial water quality is considered generally suitable for swimming but the water may be susceptible to pollution from a number of potential sources of faecal contamination, including stormwater.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels generally increased with increasing rainfall and often exceeded the safe swimming limit in response to 10 mm of rainfall or more.

The site has been monitored since 2002. While enterococci levels were mostly safe for swimming during summer 2011–2012, the proportion of See page 21 for key to map slightly elevated results was higher due to the wet conditions.

Sanitary Inspection: Moderate Microbial Assessment: B SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is January 2009 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

400 C 300 195

95th %ile 200 120 Category 100 90 80 B 100 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Norah Head rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time Animals Boats 100%

Lake 80%

60%

Stormwater 40%

20% Low

% Enterococci samples samples % Enterococci 0% Sewer Chokes

Toilet Facilities 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12

Bathers <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 158

Lake Munmorah Baths Beach Suitability Grade: Poor Lake Munmorah Baths is a netted swimming location in the north-eastern corner of Lake Munmorah. The baths are adjacent to Elizabeth Bay Reserve and playground area, and are popular with children and families during holiday periods.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Poor indicates that the microbial water quality is susceptible to faecal pollution, particularly after rainfall, with a number of potential sources of faecal contamination including stormwater.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels generally increased with increasing rainfall and often exceeded the safe swimming limit in response to 10 mm of rainfall or more.

The site has been monitored since 2010. While enterococci levels were mostly safe for swimming during summer 2011–2012, the proportion of See page 21 for key to map slightly elevated results was higher due to the wet conditions. Sanitary Inspection: Moderate Microbial Assessment: C SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is October 2010 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

400 C 300 270

95th %ile 200 145 Category B 100 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Norah Head rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time

100%

80% Lake 60%

40%

Stormwater 20% Low

% Enterococci samples samples % Enterococci 0%

Sewer Chokes 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12

Toilet Facilities <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 159

Canton Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Poor Canton Beach is situated in Tuggerah Lake and is backed by a narrow reserve and picnic area. The shallow, calm waters of this beach are popular with children and families during holiday periods.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Poor indicates that the microbial water quality is susceptible to faecal pollution, particularly after rainfall, with a number of potential sources of faecal contamination including stormwater.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels increased with increasing rainfall and often exceeded the safe swimming limit in response to 5 mm of rainfall or more.

The site has been monitored since 2002. While enterococci levels were mostly safe for swimming during summer 2011–2012, the proportion of slightly elevated results was higher due to the wet conditions. See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Moderate Microbial Assessment: C SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is January 2009 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

400 330 310 C 300 210 170

95th %ile 200 125 Category B 100 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Norah Head rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time

100%

Animals 80% Lake 60%

40%

Stormwater 20% Low

% Enterococci samples samples % Enterococci 0%

Sewer Chokes 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 Toilet Facilities <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 160

The Entrance Channel Beach Suitability Grade: Good The Entrance Channel is located in the mouth of Tuggerah Lake. It is backed by high-density urban, commercial and resort development. The beach is not patrolled but is popular during school holidays.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Good indicates that the microbial water quality is considered generally suitable for swimming but the water may be susceptible to pollution from a number of potential sources of faecal contamination, including stormwater and outflow from Tuggerah Lakes.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels increased slightly with increasing rainfall, regularly exceeding the safe swimming limit in response to 20 mm of rainfall.

The site has been monitored since 2002 and microbial water quality has mostly been of a high standard. See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Moderate Microbial Assessment: B SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is February 2009 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

400 C 300

95th %ile 200 140 Category 120 100 105 80 B 100 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from The Entrance rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time

100%

80% Animals

60%

40% Lagoons 20% Low

% Enterococci samples samples % Enterococci 0% Stormwater

Sewer Chokes 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12

Bathers <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 161

Gosford City Council

Figure 19: Sampling locations and Beach Suitability Grades in the Gosford City Council area

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 162

were calculated from data collected between September 2010 and April 2012, with the exception Overview of the area of Ocean Beach where data were only available Description from September 2011. The Microbial Assessment Categories for 2011–2012 are therefore regarded Gosford City Council is located on the Central Coast as provisional. As more enterococci data become of NSW between Wyong in the north and Sydney in available in future years, the beach grades will the south, covering an area of 1028 square become final and response to rainfall trends more kilometres (Gosford City Council 2010). The defined. estimated local resident population at the 2011 Census was 162,440 (ABS 2012), showing an Sanitary inspections average growth rate of 0.54 per cent per year since the 2006 Census (ABS 2007). Sanitary inspections have been completed for all monitored swimming locations in the Gosford City Gosford has an array of natural resources, including Council area. These are scheduled for review coastal beaches, natural bushland, lagoons, during 2012–2013. waterways, plateaus and wetlands, with the Brisbane Water estuary a predominant feature. Beach Suitability Grades Rainfall Eight of the 21 swimming locations monitored by Gosford City Council were graded as Good during There were several significant rain and flooding 2011–2012 (Figure 19). events on the Central Coast during 2011–2012 (BOM 2012): Very Good  Heavy rainfall in December had hourly falls No swimming sites were graded as Very Good. as high as 65 mm at Gosford and daily totals of 128 mm. This triggered flash flooding Good along the coast. Eight swimming locations were graded as Good:  More heavy rainfall was recorded along the Forresters Beach, Wamberal Beach, North Avoca east coast in February with Avoca Beach Beach, Avoca Beach, Copacabana Beach, receiving 80 mm of rainfall in one day. MacMasters Beach, Killcare Beach and Pearl Beach.  During February, areas in Broken Bay were also affected by flooding of the Hawkesbury River caused by severe localised storms in These sites had mostly good water quality western Sydney. (Microbial Assessment Category B) but had several, or more significant, potential sources of microbial  Rainfall was particularly heavy on the Central contamination, such as stormwater drains and Coast in April including a 48-hour total of discharges from creeks or lagoons. 196 mm at Gosford which was the heaviest April rainfall in 13 years. This rain triggered Fair flash flooding and associated poor water quality, particularly in lagoons and estuaries. No swimming sites were graded as Fair. Assessment Poor Twelve swimming sites were graded as Poor. Microbial water quality NHMRC recommends that at least 20 samples are Eight estuarine or lagoon sites were graded as collected each year, providing 100 data points over Poor: Wamberal Lagoon, Avoca Lagoon, Cockrone a five year period. The sampling frequency at sites Lagoon, Ettalong Channel, Pretty Beach Baths, in the Gosford City Council area is higher than this Davistown Baths, Woy Woy Baths and Yattalunga minimum, with 30 samples collected each year at all Baths. 21 monitored swimming locations. These sites often had poor water quality (Microbial While samples have been analysed for faecal Assessment Category C or D) and significant coliforms since 2004, enterococci analysis only sources of microbial contamination including commenced in 2010, so there are fewer than 100 sewage overflows, stormwater, and pollution data points currently available for analysis. The sources from other areas of, or outflow from, the Microbial Assessment Categories for 2011–2012 lagoon or estuary. Swimming at these sites should

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 163

be avoided during and for up to three days following Very Poor rainfall or if there are signs of stormwater pollution, such as discoloured water or odour or floating Terrigal Lagoon was graded as Very Poor. Elevated debris. enterococci results were measured in wet weather and in dry weather up to three days after light rainfall. Swimming should be avoided during this Three ocean beaches (Terrigal Beach, Umina time and at times when there are signs of Beach, and Ocean Beach) and one ocean baths stormwater pollution, such as discoloured water or (Pearl Beach Rockpool) were also graded as Poor. odour or floating debris. This advice is based on While the three ocean beaches are generally data collected since September 2010. As more data suitable for swimming in dry weather, following become available in following years the response to rainfall and flooding events poor water quality was rainfall trend will become more defined. measured (Microbial Assessment Category C). Gosford City Council has awarded consultants Ocean Beach and Umina Beach were impacted by research grant funding to conduct microbial source polluted outflow from Brisbane Water, as well as tracking to identify sources of faecal contamination floodwaters from the Hawkesbury River in February in Terrigal, Avoca, Cockrone and Wamberal 2012. Terrigal Beach was impacted by discharge lagoons. from Terrigal Lagoon following rainfall and flash flooding events. Swimming at these sites should be avoided during and for up to three days following Management rainfall or if there are signs of stormwater pollution, such as discoloured water or odour or floating Wastewater management debris. It is anticipated that an improvement in water Gosford City Council is responsible for wastewater quality will occur on return to average rainfall management throughout the local government area conditions. and operates a small sewage treatment plant (STP) at Woy Woy and a larger STP at Kincumber as part High microbial levels were recorded at Pearl Beach of the Kincumber Sewage Treatment System. Flows Rockpool following rainfall, with bather shedding from both plants are secondary-treated and and discharge from Green Point Creek being discharged from a rock platform at Winney Bay, possible sources of contamination. Floodwaters between Avoca and Copacabana beaches (EPA from the Hawkesbury River in February 2012 may NSW 2012). The plants jointly service a population have also impacted water quality at this site. The of around 160,000 people, which is equivalent to cause of the poor water quality at Pearl Beach approximately 40 million litres of flow each day. Rockpool is being further investigated by Beachwatch with inspection and testing of Green Upgrades to the Woy Woy and Kincumber STPs Point Creek to identify the source of contamination. commenced in late 2010. The works involve Water samples taken from the creek and rockpool upgrading the treatment capability at the Kincumber during dry weather conditions had low levels of plant and significant odour reduction works and bacteria suggesting a wet weather source of faecal overhaul and upgrading of the biosolids handling at contamination. Until this investigation is complete, it both plants. Additionally, Council is upgrading the is recommended that swimming in the rockpool be coastal carrier system by renewing the pipelines avoided during and up to one day following rainfall and pumping stations which transfer wastewater or if there are signs of pollution such as discoloured from the Forresters Beach, Terrigal, North Avoca, water or odour or floating debris. Avoca and Kincumber areas to the Kincumber STP (Gosford City Council 2012). Gosford City Council has engaged consultants to come up with a solution to improve the flushing of A number of retention storage tanks have been Pearl Beach Rockpool. In the interim the installed at Terrigal to minimise sewage overflows maintenance schedule of manually flushing and during peak flow periods. cleaning the rockpool has increased in frequency for the next swimming season. Gosford City Council monitors on-site sewage management systems throughout the council area, Poor water quality associated with the extreme wet including 83 pumpout systems, 1510 aerated weather events, including flash flooding and wastewater treatment systems, 2959 transpiration flooding of the Hawkesbury River, during 2011– and absorption trenches, and 25 large commercial 2012, resulted in four of these sites (Terrigal Beach, systems. Gosford City Council is committed to Pearl Beach Rockpool, Umina Beach and ensuring the continued improvement of these Yattalunga Baths) being downgraded from Good in systems to meet the environmental and health the previous year (OEH 2011). protection objectives outlined in the Gosford City Council On-site sewage management strategy (Gosford City Council 2005).

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 164

Stormwater management Management plans Gosford City Council is responsible for the Gosford City Council has a number of management management of stormwater drainage throughout the plans and community education programs which local government area. Council maintains a focus on key water quality and catchment stormwater drainage network comprising management issues. These include the annual approximately 550 km of pipes, culverts and open Waterways report; the Wastewater Treatment On- channels, 17,500 drainage structures and over 160 site Sewage Management Strategy; Estuary stormwater quality improvement devices. Management Plans for Brisbane Water, the lower Hawkesbury River and Gosford’s coastal lagoons; Since the adoption of the Gosford District the Coastal Management Plan for open coast and Stormwater Management Plan in 1999, various Broken Bay beaches; and the Gosford District strategies have been undertaken to improve Stormwater Management Plan (SMP). stormwater quality entering receiving waters, including: installation of stormwater quality Council is also working on a range of planning improvement devices such as gross pollutant traps, activities which aim to improve the sustainable use trash racks, silt traps and basins, vegetative filter of the coast and estuaries. Coastal Zone systems and constructed wetlands; installation of Management Plans are under development for dog poo bins in popular dog walking areas; Gosford’s open coast and Broken Bay beaches and stormwater community education projects; riparian coastal lagoons. The Coastal Zone Management rehabilitation; and enforcement of Council’s erosion, Plan for the Brisbane Water Estuary was adopted sediment and nutrient control regulations. by Council for implementation in mid 2012. Work is being done to enhance Council’s understanding of Gosford City Council’s investment in stormwater estuarine environments so that decision-making is quality improvement devices has steadily increased founded on sound, scientifically based information. over the past few years, with installations at a Planning documents have identified a range of number of key strategic locations including drainage management approaches, including: outlets at Umina, Ettalong, Copacabana, Avoca, Terrigal and Wamberal. These devices are regularly  control of nutrient generation within the inspected and maintained as part of Council’s catchment routine maintenance program.  filtration of nutrients and pollutants generated Site management in the catchment through natural areas and through constructed areas Gosford City Council (GCC) investigates instances  management of the lagoon entrances of algal blooms, sewage and stormwater pollution at designated swimming sites and follows the  management of lagoon water levels for management actions stipulated in the GCC flooding and aesthetics Beachwatch Sampling Manual and Management Plan 2010. If algal blooms are confirmed Council  review of local stormwater drainage problems erects algal bloom signs (which are located at all  management of infrastructure works such as Surf Life Saving Clubs) and liaises with the NSW sewerage and drainage to keep discharges Office of Water’s Hunter Regional Algal of pollutants to a minimum Coordinating Committee (HRACC). If sewage contamination is suspected temporary signs are  review of the capacity of drainage to reduce immediately erected and a media release is issued. flooding effects Only when water quality results indicate that the site  management of vegetation in lagoon is suitable for swimming are the temporary signs removed. If stormwater pollution is suspected catchments temporary signs are erected until water quality  control of the level and type of development results improve. so that nutrients and pollutants are not generated or are prevented from entering the Poor and very poor swimming sites have permanent lagoon system advisory signs erected. Council’s website and permanent signs advise that swimming should be  further investigation of the ownership and avoided for up to three days after rain in access to lagoon foreshore estuarine/lagoon environments and up to one day  management of the recreational usage of the after rain at beaches, due to the possibility of lagoon surfaces and surroundings stormwater pollution.  formulation of community awareness and education programs to clearly explain the

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 165

management plan and the proposals to the Copacabana, MacMasters, Killcare, Ocean Beach public and Umina. Professional lifeguards patrol from the September school holidays to the April school  continued monitoring and reporting on the holidays. Surf Lifesaving volunteers patrol beaches water quality in the lagoons and beaches on Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays.  identification and rehabilitation of degraded habitats. Council lifeguards are responsible for closing beaches during hazardous beach conditions. Lifeguards erect warning signage during dangerous Lifeguard service surf conditions, when marine stingers are present, Gosford City Council Lifeguards patrol nine or when there is suspected algal contamination, beaches: Wamberal, Terrigal, North Avoca, Avoca, stormwater or sewage pollution.

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 166

Forresters Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Good Forresters Beach is not patrolled during the swimming season and is often unsafe for swimming. The beach is very popular with surfers owing to the presence of a reef along much of its length. A car park and amenities are located towards the middle of the beach.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Good indicates that the microbial water quality is considered suitable for swimming for most of the time but the water may be susceptible to pollution from a number of potential sources of faecal contamination including stormwater.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that microbial levels had little response to rainfall and generally remained below the safe swimming limit across all rainfall categories.

The site has been monitored for enterococci since 2010. See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Low Microbial Assessment: B SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is September 2010 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

400 C 300

95th %ile 200 115 Category B 100 2 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Wamberal rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time 100%

80%

60%

40%

20% Low

% Enterococci samples samples % Enterococci 0%

Animals 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 Stormwater

<=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Toilet Facilities Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 167

Wamberal Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Good Wamberal Beach is patrolled during the summer swimming season and is popular with the local community and surfers. The sampling site is located at the northern end of the beach adjacent to the surf club. The beach is backed by Wamberal Lagoon and Nature Reserve.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Good indicates that the microbial water quality is considered suitable for swimming for most of the time but the water may be susceptible to pollution from a number of potential sources of faecal contamination including discharge from Wamberal Lagoon.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that microbial levels increased with increasing rainfall.

The site has been monitored for enterococci since 2010.

See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Moderate Microbial Assessment: B SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is September 2010 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

400 C 300

95th %ile 200 150 Category B 100 2 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Wamberal rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time 100%

80%

60%

40%

Lagoons 20% Low

% Enterococci samples 0%

Sewer Chokes Sewage Overflows 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Toilet Facilities Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 168

Wamberal Lagoon Beach Suitability Grade: Poor Wamberal Lagoon is located behind Wamberal Beach and is intermittently open to the ocean. The sampling site is located at a sandy beach near the mouth of the lagoon and is a popular swimming area for children.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Poor indicates that the microbial water quality is susceptible to faecal pollution, particularly after rainfall, with a number of potential sources of faecal contamination including sewage overflows.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that microbial levels increased with increasing rainfall, but elevated levels were recorded across all rainfall categories.

The site has been monitored for enterococci since 2010. See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Moderate Microbial Assessment: D SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is September 2010 to April 2012. ^ 1450 High 1500

1200

900

D 600 450 95th %ile Category C 300 B Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Wamberal rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate Animals 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time

Lagoons 100%

80%

60% Stormwater Sewer Chokes 40%

20% Low Sewage Overflows % Enterococci samples 0% 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL

Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 169

Terrigal Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Poor Terrigal Beach is an extremely popular swimming site for families with young children. The beach is located close to the retail and tourism centre of Terrigal and receives a large number of visitors each summer.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Poor indicates that the microbial water quality is susceptible to faecal pollution, particularly after rainfall, with a number of potential sources of faecal contamination including discharge from Terrigal Lagoon.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that microbial levels increased with increasing rainfall, often exceeding the safe swimming limit after 5 mm of rainfall or more. The site has been monitored for enterococci since 2010.

See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Moderate Microbial Assessment: C SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is September 2010 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

400 350 C 300

95th %ile 200 Category B 100 26 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Wamberal rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time 100% Boats 80%

60% Lagoons 40%

20%

Low Stormwater

Sewer Chokes % Enterococci samples 0% Sewage Overflows 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 Toilet Facilities <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL

Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 170

Terrigal Lagoon Beach Suitability Grade: Very Poor Terrigal Lagoon flows to Terrigal Beach and is intermittently open to the ocean. The sampling site is located near the opening of the lagoon and is a popular swimming location for children. A paddleboat rental business operates nearby during the summer months. The Beach Suitability Grade of Very Poor indicates that the microbial water quality is highly influenced by faecal pollution, with a number of potential sources identified. Elevated enterococci results were measured in wet weather and in dry weather up to three days after light rainfall. Swimming should be avoided during this time and at times when there are signs of stormwater pollution, such as discoloured water or odour or floating debris. The response to rainfall graph indicates that microbial levels increased with increasing rainfall, often exceeding the safe swimming limit across all rainfall categories. See page 21 for key to map The site has been monitored for enterococci since 2010. Sanitary Inspection: High Microbial Assessment: D SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is September 2010 to April 2012. ^ 2500 2300 High

2000

1500

1000 800 95th %ile Category D 500 C B Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Wamberal rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10 Lagoons 1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time

Stormwater 100%

80%

Sewer Chokes 60%

40%

Sewage Overflows 20% Low

% Enterococci samples 0% 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 Toilet Facilities <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL

Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 171

North Avoca Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Good North Avoca Beach is a popular swimming location but is not favoured by families with young children because of the often rough conditions. The sampling site is adjacent to the surf club. The beach receives a large number of visitors each summer and is a popular surfing location.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Good indicates that the microbial water quality is considered suitable for swimming for most of the time but the water may be susceptible to pollution from a number of potential sources of faecal contamination.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that microbial levels increased slightly with increasing rainfall.

The site has been monitored for enterococci since 2010.

See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Low Microbial Assessment: B SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is September 2010 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

400 C 300

95th %ile 200 Category 110 B 100 2 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Avoca Beach rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time 100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

Low Lagoons

% Enterococci samples 0% Stormwater Sewer Chokes 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 Sewage Overflows <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Toilet Facilities Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 172

Avoca Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Good Avoca Beach receives a large number of visitors each summer and is a very popular swimming site for families with young children. The sampling site is adjacent to the surf club.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Good indicates that the microbial water quality is considered suitable for swimming for most of the time but the water may be susceptible to pollution from a number of potential sources of faecal contamination.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that microbial levels had little response to rainfall and generally remained below the safe swimming limit across all rainfall categories.

The site has been monitored for enterococci since 2010.

See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Moderate Microbial Assessment: B SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is September 2010 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

400 C 300 195

95th %ile 200 Category B 100 16 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Avoca Beach rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time 100%

80%

60%

Lagoons 40%

Stormwater 20% Sewer Chokes Low Sewage Overflows % Enterococci samples 0% STP Bypass 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 STP Discharge <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Toilet Facilities Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 173

Avoca Lagoon Beach Suitability Grade: Poor The Avoca Lagoon sampling site is located near the mouth of Avoca Lagoon. This area of the lake is shallow and sandy, and is adjacent to a picnic area and park, which is a popular area for families with small children. The lagoon is intermittently open to the ocean and flows to Avoca Beach.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Poor indicates that the microbial water quality is susceptible to faecal pollution, with a number of potential sources of faecal contamination including sewage overflows.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that microbial levels increased with increasing rainfall, often exceeding the safe swimming limit across all rainfall categories.

The site has been monitored for enterococci since 2010 with elevated See page 21 for key to map levels recorded in more than 40 per cent of samples. Sanitary Inspection: Moderate Microbial Assessment: D SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is September 2010 to April 2012. ^ 1450 High 1500

1200

900

600 D 95th %ile 390 Category C 300 B Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Avoca Beach rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci Animals 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time Lagoons 100%

80%

Stormwater 60% Sewer Chokes 40%

20%

Low Sewage Overflows

% Enterococci samples 0% 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 Toilet Facilities <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL

Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 174

Copacabana Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Good Conditions at Copacabana Beach depend on tide height and wave energy, but when calm the beach is very popular with families with young children. A surf club, car park and amenities are located nearby.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Good indicates that the microbial water quality is considered suitable for swimming for most of the time but the water may be susceptible to pollution from a number of potential sources of faecal contamination.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that microbial levels increased slightly in response to rainfall but generally remained below the safe swimming limit across all rainfall categories.

The site has been monitored for enterococci since 2010.

See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Moderate Microbial Assessment: B SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is September 2010 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

400 C 300 195

95th %ile 200 Category B 100 6 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Avoca Beach rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time 100%

80%

60%

40%

Lagoons 20%

Low Stormwater

Sewer Chokes % Enterococci samples 0% Sewage Overflows

STP Bypass 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 STP Discharge <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Toilet Facilities Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 175

Cockrone Lagoon Beach Suitability Grade: Poor Cockrone Lagoon is intermittently open to the ocean at MacMasters Beach. The sampling site is a shallow, sandy area located near the mouth of the lagoon, adjacent to a wetland and coastal reserve. Parts of the lagoon are known to contain nuisance aquatic plants. The Beach Suitability Grade of Poor indicates that the microbial water quality is susceptible to faecal pollution, with a number of potential sources of faecal contamination including sewage overflows. The response to rainfall graph indicates that microbial levels showed little response to rainfall and often exceeded the safe swimming limit across all rainfall categories. The site has been monitored for enterococci since 2010.

See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Moderate Microbial Assessment: D SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is September 2010 to April 2012. ^ 1500

High 1350

1200

900

600 D 95th %ile Category 250 C 300 B Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Avoca Beach rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate Animals 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time

Lagoons 100%

80%

60% Stormwater Sewer Chokes 40%

20% Low Sewage Overflows % Enterococci samples 0% 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL

Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 176

MacMasters Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Good

MacMasters Beach is an extremely popular swimming site for families with young children and receives a large number of visitors each summer. The sampling site is adjacent to the surf club. The beach is backed by a car park and residential area.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Good indicates that the microbial water quality is considered suitable for swimming for most of the time but the water may be susceptible to pollution from a number of potential sources of faecal contamination.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that microbial levels increased slightly with increasing rainfall, but generally remained below the safe swimming limit.

See page 21 for key to map The site has been monitored for enterococci since 2010. Sanitary Inspection: Low Microbial Assessment: B SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is September 2010 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

400 C 300

95th %ile 200 Category 105 B 100 2 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Avoca Beach rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time 100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

Low Lagoons

% Enterococci samples 0% Stormwater Sewer Chokes 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 Sewage Overflows <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Toilet Facilities Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 177

Killcare Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Good When calm, Killcare Beach is very popular with families with young children. A surf club, car park and amenities are located nearby. The beach is backed by Bouddi National Park and a nature reserve.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Good indicates that the microbial water quality is considered suitable for swimming most of the time but the water may be susceptible to pollution from several potential sources of faecal contamination.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that microbial levels showed little response to rainfall and generally remained below the safe swimming limit across all rainfall categories.

The site has been monitored for enterococci since 2010.

See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Low Microbial Assessment: B SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is September 2010 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

400 C 300

95th %ile 200 Category 100 B 100 2 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Avoca Beach rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time 100%

80%

60%

40%

20% Low

% Enterococci samples 0% Stormwater Sewer Chokes 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 Sewage Overflows <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Toilet Facilities Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 178

Pearl Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Good Pearl Beach is located just inside Broken Bay. The beach receives a large number of visitors each summer and is popular with families with young children because of the calm waters. The sampling site is located near Pearl Beach Lagoon and is backed by a car park and residential area.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Good indicates that the microbial water quality is considered suitable for swimming most of the time but the water may be susceptible to pollution from several potential sources of faecal contamination.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that microbial levels increased slightly in response to rainfall but mostly remained below the safe swimming limit across all rainfall categories.

The site has been monitored for enterococci since 2010. See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Moderate Microbial Assessment: B SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is September 2010 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

400 C 300 190

95th %ile 200 Category B 100 6 Microbial Assessment Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Avoca Beach rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+ Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time 100%

80%

60%

40%

Lagoons 20% Low River Discharge Stormwater % Enterococci samples % Enterococci 0% Sewer Chokes

Sewage Overflows 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 Toilet Facilities <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL ow ery Bathers L V

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 179

Pearl Beach Rockpool Beach Suitability Grade: Poor Pearl Beach Rockpool is located at the foot of cliffs at the southern end of Pearl Beach. The pool is a popular swimming site for families with young children and is very busy during summer holidays.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Poor indicates that the microbial water quality is susceptible to faecal pollution, with a number of potential sources of faecal contamination including stormwater discharged from Green Point Creek. The response to rainfall graph indicates that microbial levels increase with increasing rainfall, often exceeding the safe swimming limit after 5 mm of rainfall or more.

The site has been monitored for enterococci since 2010.

See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Moderate Microbial Assessment: D SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is September 2010 to April 2012. ^ 600

High 520 D 500

400 C 300

95th %ile 200 Category B 100 28 Microbial Assessment Assessment Microbial Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Avoca Beach rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time 100%

80%

60% Lagoons River Discharge 40%

20% Low

Stormwater % Enterococci samples 0% 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL

Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 180

Umina Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Poor Umina Beach is located near the entrance to Brisbane Water. The beach is patrolled during the summer swimming season. When calm, it is a popular area for families with small children. A surf club, car park, amenities and caravan park are located nearby.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Poor indicates that the microbial water quality is susceptible to faecal pollution, with a number of potential sources of faecal contamination including stormwater and discharge from Brisbane Water.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that microbial levels increase with increasing rainfall, often exceeding the safe swimming limit after 5 mm of rainfall or more.

The site has been monitored for enterococci since 2010. See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Moderate Microbial Assessment: C SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is September 2010 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

400 C 300 240

95th %ile 200 Category B 100 24 Microbial Assessment Assessment Microbial Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Avoca Beach rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time 100%

80%

60%

40%

Animals 20%

Low River Discharge

% Enterococci samples 0% Stormwater Sewer Chokes 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 Sewage Overflows <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Toilet Facilities Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 181

Ocean Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Poor Ocean Beach is located near the entrance to Brisbane Water. The beach is patrolled during the summer swimming season. When calm, it is a popular area for families with small children. A surf club, car park, amenities and caravan park are located nearby.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Poor indicates that the microbial water quality is susceptible to faecal pollution, with a number of potential sources of faecal contamination including stormwater and discharge from Brisbane Water.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that microbial levels increase with increasing rainfall, often exceeding the safe swimming limit after 5 mm of rainfall or more.

The site has been monitored since October 2011. See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Moderate Microbial Assessment: C SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is October 2011 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

400 310 C 300

95th %ile 200 Category B 100 Microbial Assessment Assessment Microbial Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Avoca Beach rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time 100%

80%

60%

Animals 40% Brisbane Water 20% Low

% Enterococci samples 0% Stormwater 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Toilet Facilities Bathers Low Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 182

Ettalong Channel Beach Suitability Grade: Poor Ettalong Channel is located in the main channel of Brisbane Water near the entrance to Broken Bay. Waters here are estuarine and the swimming location is not netted. The beach is adjacent to a foreshore park and picnic area and is popular for recreational activities. The Beach Suitability Grade of Poor indicates that the microbial water quality is susceptible to faecal pollution, with a number of potential sources of faecal contamination including stormwater and from sources located elsewhere in Brisbane Water.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that microbial levels increased with increasing rainfall, often exceeding the safe swimming limit in most rainfall categories. The site has been monitored for enterococci since 2010.

See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Moderate Microbial Assessment: D SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is September 2010 to April 2012. ^

High 1000 940

800

520 600 D 400 95th %ile

C Category 200 B Microbial Assessment Assessment Microbial Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Avoca Beach rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci Animals 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate Boats 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time

Brisbane Water 100%

80%

60%

40%

Stormwater 20% Low

% Enterococci samples samples Enterococci % 0%

Sewer Chokes 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 Sewage Overflows <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Toilet Facilities Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 183

Pretty Beach Baths Beach Suitability Grade: Poor Pretty Beach Baths are located in Brisbane Water near the entrance to Broken Bay. There is a narrow sandy beach, a park, boat ramp and picnic area nearby. The area is popular with families with young children.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Poor indicates that the microbial water quality is susceptible to faecal pollution, with a number of potential sources of faecal contamination including stormwater.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that microbial levels increased with increasing rainfall.

The site has been monitored for enterococci since 2010.

See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Moderate Microbial Assessment: D SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is September 2010 to April 2012. ^ 800 720 High D 600

C 400 270 95th %ile Category 200 B Microbial Assessment Assessment Microbial Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Avoca Beach rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time 100%

Boats 80% Brisbane Water 60%

40%

Stormwater 20% Low

% Enterococci samples samples Enterococci % 0%

Sewer Chokes 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 Sewage Overflows <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Toilet Facilities Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 184

Davistown Baths Beach Suitability Grade: Poor Davistown Baths are located in the channel between Brisbane Water and the Kincumber Broadwater. The baths are netted and adjacent to a foreshore park and picnic area. The area is popular with families.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Poor indicates that the microbial water quality is susceptible to faecal pollution, with a number of potential sources of faecal contamination including stormwater and river discharge.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that microbial levels showed little response to rainfall and often exceeded the safe swimming limit across all rainfall categories.

The site has been monitored for enterococci since 2010.

See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Moderate Microbial Assessment: D SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is September 2010 to April 2012. ^ 1500 1350 High 1200

900

600 480 D 95th %ile Category 300 C B Microbial Assessment Assessment Microbial Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Avoca Beach rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci Boats 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time River Discharge 100%

80%

60%

40% Stormwater 20% Low

% Enterococci samples samples Enterococci % 0% Sewer Chokes

Sewage Overflows 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Toilet Facilities Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 185

Woy Woy Baths Beach Suitability Grade: Poor Woy Woy Baths are netted and located in Woy Woy channel, a branch of Brisbane Water. The baths are situated close to the commercial district of Woy Woy and are adjacent to a foreshore park and picnic area.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Poor indicates that the microbial water quality is susceptible to faecal pollution, with a number of potential sources of faecal contamination including sewage overflows and from sources located elsewhere in Brisbane Water.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that microbial levels increased slightly with increasing rainfall and often exceeded the safe swimming limit across all rainfall categories.

The site has been monitored for enterococci since 2010.

See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Moderate Microbial Assessment: D SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is September 2010 to April 2012. ^

High 1000 980

800

600 D

340 400 C 95th %ile Category 200 B Microbial Assessment Assessment Microbial Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Avoca Beach rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1

Animals (cfu/100mL) Enterococci Boats 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time Brisbane Water 100%

80%

60%

40% Stormwater 20% Low

% Enterococci samples samples Enterococci % 0% Sewer Chokes

Sewage Overflows 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL Toilet Facilities Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 186

Yattalunga Baths Beach Suitability Grade: Poor Yattalunga Baths are netted and located in the upper reaches of Brisbane Water. The baths are adjacent to a foreshore park.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Poor indicates that the microbial water quality is susceptible to faecal pollution, with a number of potential sources of faecal contamination including stormwater and other sources located elsewhere in Brisbane Water.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that microbial levels increased with increasing rainfall.

The site has been monitored for enterococci since 2010.

See page 21 for key to map Sanitary Inspection: Moderate Microbial Assessment: C SSourourccee:: VVeerryy Low LoLoww MModeroderateate HigHighh Monitoring period for 2011–12 result is September 2010 to April 2012. ^ 600 High D 500

400 C 300 220

95th %ile 200 Category 95 B 100 Microbial Assessment Assessment Microbial Enterococci cfu/100mL 0 A 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Response to rainfall Rainfall from Avoca Beach rain gauge 10000

1000

100

10

1 Enterococci (cfu/100mL) (cfu/100mL) Enterococci 0 0.1–4.9 5–9.9 10–19.9 20+

Moderate Boats 24-hour rainfall (mm) Trends in enterococci data through time

Brisbane Water 100%

80%

60%

40%

Stormwater 20% Low

% Enterococci samples samples Enterococci % 0%

Sewer Chokes 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 Sewage Overflows <=40 cfu/100mL 41-200 cfu/100mL 201-500 cfu/100mL >500 cfu/100mL

Bathers Low Very

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Central Coast region Page 187

Figure 20: Councils and sampling locations in the Sydney Ocean Beaches region

NSW State of the Beaches 2011–2012: Sydney Ocean Beaches region Page 188