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Enhancing Lake Sturgeon Passage at Hydroelectric Facilities in the Great Lakes: Results of a Workshop Sponsored by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust

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Enhancing Lake Sturgeon Passage at Hydroelectric Facilities in the Great Lakes: Results of a Workshop Sponsored by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust Photo credit © 2007 by North American Hydro Holdings Inc., Photo by Brian Holbrook, Bird’s Eye Aviation Enhancing Lake Sturgeon Passage at Hydroelectric Facilities in the Great Lakes: Results of a Workshop Sponsored by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust February 1–2, 2011 Reported by Mark A. Coscarelli Robert F. Elliott Patrick S. Forsythe Mark E. Holey Great Lakes Fishery Trust U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Green Bay Fish and Wildlife Green Bay Fish and Wildlife Green Bay Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office Conservation Office Conservation Office Contents Executive Summary ...............................................................................................................................2 Great Lakes Fishery Trust Background ...............................................................................................3 Mission and Vision Statement ...........................................................................................................3 Accomplishments to Date ..................................................................................................................3 Workshop Proceedings .........................................................................................................................4 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................4 Workshop Organization, Goal, and Objectives ..................................................................................5 Workshop Organization ...............................................................................................................5 Workshop Goal ............................................................................................................................5 Workshop Objectives .................................................................................................................5 Summary of Prepared Presentations .................................................................................................6 Global Perspective of Sturgeon Population Status .....................................................................6 Biological Factors Related to Sturgeon Passage ........................................................................7 Technical Challenges Related to Sturgeon Passage ..................................................................7 Remnant Lake Sturgeon Populations and Hydroelectric Facilities in the Great Lakes ...............8 Building a Framework for Lake Sturgeon Passage............................................................................9 Research Framework for Enhancing Passage Success..................................................................11 Future Initiatives ...............................................................................................................................12 Literature Cited .....................................................................................................................................13 Appendix A: GLFT-Sponsored Projects ...........................................................................................14 Appendix B: Agenda ...........................................................................................................................16 Appendix C: List of Participants and Organizers ............................................................................17 Appendix D: Evaluation and Emerging Issues ................................................................................19 Executive Summary The Great Lakes Fishery Trust (GLFT) sponsored a Lake sturgeon behavior during migration and workshop on February 1–2, 2011, in Detroit, Michigan, passage: Specific research activities in this category to identify the knowledge gaps and resulting research may include telemetry studies that seek to determine needs to successfully provide passage for Great Lakes if upstream/downstream migratory routes are random lake sturgeon at hydroelectric facilities. Workshop or based on stream flow or the behavior of adults and results will assist the GLFT Board of Trustees and juveniles after entering impoundments. the Scientific Advisory Team in the development of a directed research grant program to help facilitate pas- Physiological consequences of passage: Recent work sage of lake sturgeon within tributaries of the Great suggests that passage compromises the physiological Lakes. condition of sturgeon in general, but individual stur- geon do recover well from a single passage attempt. Forty workshop participants identified many knowl- Research in this category would benefit from studies edge gaps that limit our ability to successfully pass seeking to determine the physiological impacts of lake sturgeon at hydroelectric facilities. Gaps receiv- multiple passage attempts including trap and transfer ing the most attention during breakout discussion techniques, and differences related to size, sex, and groups included but were not limited to: reproductive condition. z search patterns and guidance mechanisms used Passage design, technology, implementation, and by adult and juvenile lake sturgeon during up- development of operational windows: There are stream/downstream migration; many inventive engineering solutions that can be ap- z characteristics of entrances/exits (i.e., size, mor- plied to lake sturgeon passage efforts. However, the phology) of volitional or technical fish ways that implementation of these solutions would be greatly promote movement; enhanced with studies seeking to tie specific tech- z the role of attraction flows, substrate size, dis- nologies with survival rates of adults, juveniles, and solved oxygen, ambient light, time of day, and larvae. temperature in passage success; Advancement of technologies that improve assess- z abiotic (i.e., river flow) and biotic (i.e., presence/ ment and monitoring: Perhaps one of the largest gaps absence of other individuals) motivational cues as to lake sturgeon passage involves how to measure a function of sex, age or size, reproductive stage, success. Thus, research attempting to deploy novel and physiological condition of individuals; techniques to quantify movement and theoretical or z the ultimate fate of adult lake sturgeon that are empirical research attempting to tie passage efforts to successfully passed upstream/downstream versus population level parameters (i.e., recruitment) would those that fail; and be desirable. z methods that best time upstream migration with opportunities that allow individuals to achieve Participants also learned about the role of the GLFT in reproductive success. lake sturgeon rehabilitation, the current global status of sturgeon species, technical and behavioral consid- There was general consensus among participants erations learned from passage efforts implemented for that a lack of focused research on strategies to pass other species, and the current status of lake sturgeon lake sturgeon over dams limits the ability of manag- population and hydroelectric facilities that block mi- ers to achieve passage goals. A synthesis of the gap gration in Great Lakes tributaries. A post-workshop in knowledge led to a research framework targeted evaluation provided to participants generally indicated to reduce uncertainties of successful sturgeon pas- that the planning and steering committee acquired an sage (i.e., upstream migration of adults, downstream excellent cross-section of individuals from industry, migration of adults, downstream migration of larvae research, and management. The largest proportion of and juveniles). This framework includes the following participants also felt that the goals of the workshop categories: were adequately met. 2 3 Great Lakes Fishery Trust Background The Great Lakes Fishery Trust (Trust) was created in Lake Michigan fishery resulting from the operation 1996 as a result of a settlement agreement to mitigate of the Ludington Pumped Storage Plant. The GLFT for the unavoidable fish losses from the operation of envisions the Great Lakes as supporting a sustainable the Ludington Pumped Storage Hydroelectric facility and diverse fishery that meets the needs of the Great located on Lake Michigan near Ludington, Michigan, Lakes community in terms of a healthy environment, co-owned by Consumers Power and Detroit Edison wholesome food, recreation, employment, commerce, utilities. Grant funds awarded under the agreement and preservation of its cultural heritage. The GLFT give preference to Lake Michigan projects with a fo- will dedicate its assets to fostering realization of this cus on the following activities: vision, particularly for Lake Michigan. The guiding principle of the GLFT is to consider the total environ- z Research directed at increasing the benefits asso- ment, recognizing the connections in the chemical, ciated with Great Lakes fishery resources physical, and biological processes of the Great Lakes z Rehabilitation of lake trout, lake sturgeon, and ecosystem as well as the human uses and values as- other fish populations sociated with this magnificent resource. The GLFT z Protection and enhancement of fisheries habitat, recognizes that public understanding of, and involve- including Great Lakes wetlands ment in, Great Lakes fishery management is essential z Public education concerning the Great Lakes to successfully attaining its objectives. fisheries z Acquisition of property for the above
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