December IS, 19S0

VOL. 18, NO. III '7k ~laUYt- GUARDIAN

Only one Jesus is presented in the

Word of God; and that Jesus did not

come into the world by ordinary gen-

erosion, but was conceived in the womb 1 of the virgin by the Holy Ghost. -J. Gresham Machen

J. Gresham Machen Published Monthly Editor 1936· 1937 $2.00 per year Meditation in perils of waters, in perils of robbers in perils by mine own countrymen, i~ Grass Roots ) Strength Through perils by the heathen, in perils in the R. K. Churchill city, in perils in the wilderness, in t Weakness perils in the sea, in perils among false brethren; In weariness and painful­ What people say and write: I, When 1 am weak, then am 1 strong. ness, in watchings often, in hunger and "I can remember yet how we chil­ II CORINTHIANS I2:Iob thirst, in fastings often, in cold and dren used to look forward to our / When I am strong then am I strong. nakedness. Beside. those things that church magazine which came every I So reasons the world. When we are are without, that which cometh upon week-why can't we have the same riding the crest of the wave of pros­ me daily, the care of all the churches" thing now?" (II Cor. II :24 ff.). 0 Lord, thou crush­ ( perity, when the winds of adversity "Are we nuts? Why all this sarcasm est me; there is hardly any strength pass over us, when we are financially in the Guardian, and why not answer ) left in me. secure and physically healthy - then a man's writings so that he himself will r men think themselves to be strong. But Lord, through my very weakness be persuaded of the better way; must Thou hast made me strong - strong J Sad delusion, says Paul. Never are we always yield to the temptation of in the power and grace of Christ. being merely smart?" you weaker than when you think you Thou hast humbled me before Thyself. are strong. "Let him that thinketh he "The more I look things over the ( Thou givest grace unto the humble. standeth take heed lest he fall," Paul more I see that the real answer to By Thy mighty hand of adversity Thou .; elsewhere warns. In himself man what the world needs today can be hast taught me so well the futility and simply cannot stand prosperity. It found only in what the Lord has given J folly of relying on self-achievements. makes him proud and self-sufficient. to that little body of people called the Who am I, I am so weak. I am as It creates a false sense of security and Calvinists." nothing. Thou has emptied me of my­ greatly hinders his reliance upon the self. Lord, I'm like a helpless babe. "I often think of what Dr. Machen grace and power of God in Christ I cast myself completely upon the grace said in our first General Assembly for salvation. Not only are many and power of Christ. Now Lord, when most of us did not know whether thereby hindered from coming to Thou fillest me with Thyself. Thy to be or not to be: 'we may be a little Christ for salvation, but thereby also grace and power-imparting Spirit flock and it is certain that we are a many Christians are hindered in be­ surges through my soul, I find myself very sinful flock-but it is our Father's coming strong in the Lord and in the strong. Now "I can do all things good pleasure to give us the Kingdom'." power of His might. When the through Christ which strengtheneth Christian feels strong in himself he be­ Two ministers came to the end of me." "When I am weak, then am I comes weak in the Lord. He relies on their walk, admitting that they had no strong." his own strength and fails to lay hold solution for the grave difficulties under upon the power and grace of Christ A minister received word that a wife discussion. "Did you notice," said one, which alone can make him truly strong. and mother in his congregation had, "how good it is to hear Mrs. --­ "Though all men forsake thee, yet will during a period of insanity, taken her talk. She always has words of praise not I" said Peter in confident self­ life. He set out at once to comfort the for people's poor efforts, even the reliance. "Before the cock crows twice father left alone now with his brood of minister's. Everything takes on a thou shalt deny me thrice,"-and he children. Never had the minister faced brighter look when she speaks and did. Never are we so certain to sin as such a heart-rending situation. His she is no flatterer, either. I even get when we think that in our own heart bled for them; he longed that he enthusiastic about going forth to harder strength we will not. might be a blessing. But when I came exploits. Perhaps the church needs boosters as well as critics." Blessed adversities and afflictions! from that home, said the pastor, I felt "For when I am weak, then am I that I had received a far greater bles­ A Roman Catholic woman, after I strong." What was this "weakness" sing than I had given. He was the reading aloud many Scripture verses J which the Apostle experienced? Two strong one; I was the weak one. pointed out to her: "Why, I was al­ Through this very tragedy the father ways told that your church started with things Paul specifically refers to as rendering him "weak." One was his had come to know the under-girding Luther, and here I find that it goes ) "thorn in the flesh, the messenger of strength, the inner peace and power of back to the Bible and Jesus." Satan to buffet me" (v. 7). The other the living Lord. Grandmother had climbed up on a was the insults and persecutions which With relentless force and crushing bench just a little bit afraid: three little he was called upon to endure for suddenness the Lord in time lays the garter snakes had crawled out of the Christ's sake (v. 10). "Of the Jews hand of affliction upon all His children. fireplace after it was lighted, and five times received I forty stripes save Sometimes a "thorn in the flesh," other where were they? "Never mind," one. Thrice was I beaten with rods, times insult and injury for the sake of consoled little Johnnie Atwell, standing once was I stoned, thrice I suffered Christ. But weep not, child of God. on guard, "they won't hurt you, shipwreck, a night and a day have I When you are weak, then will you be Grandma. But I'm keeping my shoes been in the deep; in journeyings often, strong in Christ's grace and power. on till after I've said my prayers."

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222 The Presbyterian Guardian THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN DECEMBER 15, 1950

God With Us HE name ascribed to Jesus in the Old Testament are not trusting One who was sinless man yet only T prophecy was Immanuel. The name means, God man. We are putting our trust in God Himself, God with us. the Son, God in all the power and perfections of His Matthew connects the fulfillment of this prophecy eternal being. And He is certainly able to save His with the birth of Jesus, and not only with the birth, people. but with the virgin birth of Jesus. God came to be In placing our trust in the virgin born Son of "with us" through the fact of the virgin birth. Jesus God, however, we are not merely trusting One who is Christ was not born by ordinary generation. The line able to save. We are trusting One who is also willing from the fathers was broken at this point. There was to save. God the Son was under no external compul­ here a new entrance of the mighty creative power of sion to become incarnate in human form. The com­ God. pulsion was real, but it was a compulsion that pro­ The fact of the virgin birth of Jesus is of utmost ceeded from God Himself. It was the compulsion of importance for Christian faith. We who believe in love, of kindness, of mercy. The Son of God was sent. Jesus have placed our trust and the eternal welfare of But the Son of God also came, willingly, lovingly, in our immortal souls in His keeping for time and for mercy, in order to save His people. eternity. In whom then do we trust? And finally, our trust is not merely in One who If our trust is in one who is altogether like us, was able and willing (and still is), but in one who how can he be our saviour. He himself is then in actually did (and still does) save His people. For need of salvation, for sin is universal in the human saving His people involved taking their place before race descending from Adam by ordinary generation. the judgment seat of God, receiving in Himself the One who must needs save himself cannot be the sav­ sentence of death, and undergoing that death in the iour of others. In fact, he cannot even save himself. stead of His people. This Jesus did. He did it once, But in placing our trust in Jesus, we are not trust­ and He did it for all time. And having perfectly ful­ ing one who is altogether like ourselves. Rather we filled the work given Him to do, He arose from the are trusting One who is like unto us, sin excepted. dead, in the same body in which He had suffered, And that exception is tremendous. It covers not only ascended into heaven, and even now awaits the time acts of transgression committed after birth, but it of His return in glory. covers also the guilt of original sin. Jesus was not The virgin birth of Jesus is thus a first step in a born by ordinary generation, and so He was not under complete program, God's program, for the salvation that guilt of original sin, that corruption of nature of sinners. No part of that program can be removed, which affects all others. Hence He was by nature free none ignored. It cannot be said that we are saved by from guilt, free from wrath, in no need of being following His example. There is no salvation there. saved, and so was able to be the Saviour of others. In We cannot follow the example. It cannot be said trusting Jesus we are trusting One who is able to save that we are saved by the fact of the incarnation in unto the uttermost. itself. The virgin birth of Jesus was no saving event. Jesus' ability to save is not limited, however, to We are saved by the Son of God dying in our stead. the fact that He was free from the presence and the Without the virgin birth He would not have been the guilt of sin. Born of the virgin, as a result of the Son of God incarnate. Without the death and resur­ mighty creative act of God, Jesus was not man alone. rection He would not have been a redeemer. Both Rather through the miracle of the virgin birth the are needed. eternal Son of God, the second Person of the blessed Thanks be unto God that we have both-that we Trinity, took unto Himself a true human nature. have a Redeemer who, being the eternal Son of God, Jesus was God and man, in two distinct natures became man, and so was and continues to be God and and one Person. Only through the supernatural birth man in two distinct natures and one person for ever. could this mystery become a reality. It is a mystery. Trust in Him is safe and certain, for ever. He is It is also a reality. In placing our trust in Jesus, we God with us! L. W. S.

December 15, 1950 223 l J )

Pharisaism essence of paganism which is the f Late Items. antithesis of Christianity. It is no T HERE is no more besetting sin The Rev. Richard B. Gaffin accident that when we look into church among orthodox Christians than is now scheduled to sail for history of the past few centuries we the sin of Pharisaism. It is a sin in Formosa from San Francisco discover that it is frequently the which they, especially, are prone to on January 15. His family will remain in Wildwood, N. J., "strictest" sects whose departure from fall, and against which a religious where they have rented a house. Biblical Christianity has become the • magazine like the GUARDIAN must issue Preliminary reports on the most complete in our day. f periodic warnings. Since Pharisaism Thank Offering show that the Let those of us who are orthodox is a state of heart and mind it mani­ 26 churches which have thus Christians, then, constantly examine I fests itself in many ways. Its sinful­ far sent in the offering con­ ,I tributed about 50 per cent more our positions on all matters of conduct. ness, at various times, can be subsumed than last year. Let us fear lest this sin, which has under each of the Ten Command­ Minutes of the 1950 General made so much havoc among apparently ments. The insidious part of Phar­ Assembly of The Orthodox orthodox Christians in years past, gain isaism is that, as it grows, its symptoms Presbyterian Church are now available from the Home Mis­ ground also with us and ultimately are less perceptive to its victims. sions Office. destroy the witness which we now are The modern Pharisee will display striving to build. many of the same activities in which R. S. M. the truly orthodox will also be engaged. Now, saying "thee" and "thou"; wear­ He will be characterized by a religious ing only hooks and eyes; abstaining from any particular kind of food or Soldiers at Fort Dix earnestness that closely resembles that j of orthodoxy. He will display a con­ drink; staying away from any par­ H E home residence of the Editor cern about doctrine, and will be faith­ ticular amusements; these are a Chris­ T is only a few miles from Fort Dix tian's privilege. Giving and receiving ful in religious observances. The in New Jersey. We have been wonder­ covenant training, and regular church Pharisee will likely be found in church ing whether perhaps soldiers from attendance on the Sabbath day are a almost every Sabbath and surely on Orthodox Presbyterian congregations every religious holiday. Christian's duty. But let him take may be stationed at Dix. We would While Pharisaism manifests itself care lest he secretly think that thus he be glad to be informed of any such in many ways, its characteristics can commends himself to a holy God and so that we might contact the boys. rather clearly be delineated. As a earns at least an infinitesimal amount Our address is Eayrestown Road, matter of fact, Pharisaism can be of his eternal salvation. Let him take Medford, N. If you will send us characterized in one word-worldli­ care lest he secretly think that other J. the name and address of members of ness. Now there is no class of people Christians whose conduct may differ the church who may be at the Fort, we who would more vigorously deny that from his are lacking his added virtue will gladly try and arrange a visit. they are worldly than the Pharisees. and thus coming that far short of Yet, that is precisely their basic char­ salvation. acteristic. They have taken as their The Pharisees of Bible times were We Suggest: own the standards of the religious said by Jesus to put tradition on a par world of their day and have assumed with the Word of God, and the mod­ AY we suggest that church ses­ that these standards are the essence of ern Pharisee does the very same thing. M sions send THE PRESBYTERIAN true religion. Piety has come to be He has a private rating of sins, accord­ GUARDIAN to members of The Ortho­ right conduct before men instead of ing to worldly standards which are dox Presbyterian Church who may be being communion with God that issues accepted in the circles in which he in the armed forces. in right conduct. Right conduct comes travels. He is first to condemn the J to be the ground for acceptance with grosser manifestations of sin which he God rather than the result of God's avoids, while he consistently cherishes '7L ~leJdmL- gracious acceptance of sinners. The and condones the more refined sins of GUARDIAN Pharisee of old and the Pharisee of hypocrisy, self-seeking, and pride. today secretly believe that their good Pharisaism always results from, and 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia 2, Pa. works commend them to God. leads to, doctrinal defection. Putting ) The definition of "good works" and tradition, or the commandments of Leslie W. Sloat "right conduct" vary greatly from age men, on a par with the Word of God Editor and Manager to age. In one age they consist in say­ does serious despite to the Word of ing "thee" and "thou"; in another in God. Strange as it may seem, this John P. Clelland avoiding new styles in dress. In one issues very quickly in departure from Arthur W. Kuschke, Jr. age they consist in not partaking of the Biblical doctrine of salvation by Robert S. Marsden certain kinds of food and drink; in grace alone. This central truth of Contributing Editors another of avoiding certain types of Christianity the natural man hates. amusement which the Bible does not The devil seeks constantly to drive men ADVISORY COUNCIL condemn. The virtue of which the from that truth by every means. The Robert L. Atwell Pharisee is proud may be a virtue secretly held notion that right conduct Leslie A. Dunn indeed. It may be his covenant train­ is the ground for acceptance with God John Patton Galbraith ing in Christian Schools or his regular is characteristic of Pharisaism, and the Edward L. Kellogg church attendance on the Sabbath day. autosoterism of such an idea is the

224 The Presbyterian Guardian Save Korean Missions, Indeed! A Frank Examination of a Liberal Program to Take Over the Korean Church By BRUCE F. HUNT

I N the October 25 issue of the liberal the responsibility for prolonging and publication, The Christian Century, making more bitter the fight within there is an article entitled, "Save the Methodist Church over which was Korean Missions." An unnamed the "true church," on certain Methodist writer says, "First and most important missionaries on the ground that they is recognition that evangelization of were "unable to refrain from taking Korea cannot be accomplished within sides." As one of those who have the present denominational frame­ been .branded "ultra-fundamentalists," work." I should like to say that I found the Some of us whom this same paper Presbyterians already split when I has branded as church "splitting," arrived back after the war, and felt Korean Relief Contribution from "ultra-fundamentalists," have been so they were split for good cause. I will Calvary Church of Wildwood being bold as to take sides with many of our admit to "taking sides," in what I Korean Christian brothers and sisters consider a good and just cause. If in presented by Pastor Leslie A. Dunn who also are gravely concerned over this I sinned, God be the judge. to Missionary Bruce F. Hunt. Mr. the framework of present denomina­ I feel the writer in the Christian Hunt has already received over $2,000 tions, and hold grave doubts as to Century gives a distorted picture when from various donors to be sent for whether the evangelization of Korea he says, "In a land where every surviv­ relief work in Korea. can be accomplished within that frame­ ing Christian leader had been forced to work. But the reasons for our doubts make compromises, too much time has are the exact opposite of those expressed been spent in arguing the relative First it should be pointed out that in the Christian Century articles. sinfulness of bowing before Shinto it is unfair to say that "every surviving We have seen a church established shrines inside of churches as compared Christian leader had been forced to in Korea in a phenomenally short time with bowing before those set up in make compromises." Many Christians. which was so sound that missionaries church yards." suffered to the end rather than com­ in other fields found the methods used But this paragraph hints at one of promise. It is true, some not only com­ here worthy of study. This is par­ the real causes of disagreement on promised under pressure, but caused ticularly so of the Presbyterian church. which I have taken sides with those their churches to install Shinto shrines Even the Christian Century writer who would disagree with the writer within their sanctuaries. Others led says, "Perhaps no 'younger church' in the Christian Century and people their congregations outside to bow be­ ever grew more rapidly or on firmer holding similar views in the Korean fore a shrine in the church yards or at foundations than did the Presbyterian church. the official public shrines. And in some and Methodist churches in Korea." instances, pastors received investiture We realize there is almost limitless as Shinto priests. room for improvement, and that we THE Christian Century, spokes- must be constantly striving for perfec­ man for radical religious liberal. But it is also true that some of those tion. But in the light of the above ism, has recently demanded that who sinned grossly refused to make ... quotation, we wonder how the writer the Liberals take over the Korean satisfactory acknowledgement of their can say, "nowhere in all the mission Church as soon as the current war wrong, yet continued to hold on to fields, with the possible exception of ends. Here Orthodox Presbyterian positions of power in the denomina­ Japan, is there greater need of a full missionary to Korea Bruce Hunt ex­ tional and inter-denominational frame­ dress review which will result in major amines their proposals and reveals work. The conflict arose over trying changes of policy." "Full dress re­ the fallacies of their claims, and the to substitute uncompromised or at least view," yes, but when God has so blow to the Christian heritage that repentant leaders for compromised abundantly blessed the policies used as would result if their program were ones. One of the most serious of­ to make the results in Korea outstand­ to succeed. fenders, financed by friends in the ing, we seriously question whether The Liberals would like to buy west, twice flew to "represent" Korea there should be "major changes" in the Korean Church for the cause of at international conferences, including policy. Liberalism. They would keep in it the World Council meeting at Amster­ That a struggle is going on in the ministers who compromised the dam. Of course these western friends Korean church no one will deny. The faith and bowed to idols during the in thus bolstering up a fallen leader writer in the Christian Century blames war. They would cast out mission­ would not blame themselves for "tak­ the "ultra-fundamentalists" for "split­ aries who hold the historic Christian ing sides." ting the Korean Presbyterians into faith. Claiming to be neutral, they Secondly it should be pointed out three warring factions." He also puts are the most bitter partisans. that the difference was not a petty one

December 15, 1950 225 such as whether it Was wrong to bow Though under pressure many of its Korean Churches, whether united or to a shrine inside a church building, leaders sinned, I've hoped that it could, divided, will be unable to undertake but alright outside the building. The by the Spirit of God working through any adequate program for the evangel­ question was whether leaders who had the God-ordained means of the Word, ization of the unchristian masses of sinned at all in the above matters could the Sacraments and Prayer, be purified the country." be continued as leaders without clearly and refitted for service. I have hoped Having thus tried to convince the a.cknowledging and repenting of their and prayed that this might be done Korean church that its locks are shorn, SIllS. through the denominational bodies our modern Delilah calls in the Contrary to the opinion of the which God has seemed to favor with Philistines. "It is highly desirable that writer in the Christian Century, we His blessing and approval in the union be advanced by specific assur­ hold that "too much time" cannot be phenomenal results shown. ances of continued and enlarged sup­ spent on this matter. Achan's hidden Just what kind of "union" the port if such union is developed." sin could prevent the whole army of Century writer envisions I do not Here is a bribe unblushingly pro­ Israel from victory, as long as it re­ know, but he says, "Neither can it be posed to get the Korean church to mained unconfessed. How can a accomplished by uniting the present advance or develop this unknown, church survive when its leaders refuse denominational groups in Korea and new kind of union. If the proposal is to acknowledge and repent of open attempting to work through a new any sample of the morality of the sin recognized by all? united church." The Korean church is union, I feel I know enough about the The Christian Century article would told that there must be major changes "unknown" that I would not want give the impression that its writer in its proved policies; that evangeliza­ to have much to do with it. Certainly, took no sides in the three-way split tion cannot be effected through its de­ buying the people will constitute a among Korean Presbyterians. Actually nominations or a union of them. Later major change in policy from the old the article in blaming one group so the writer says, "for many years the (See "Korean Missions," p. 2]8) . heavily, a group which numbers among its members or sympathizers some of the sober leaders of the Korean church for many years, and in branding that stand as "ultra-fundamentalist," de­ Appraising the International clares itself for the liberal element in the controversy. Yes, in a country Council of Christian Churches where the old-fashioned Gospel pro­ By NED B. STONEHOUSE duced such phenomenal results a struggle is on. Those who hold to that old-fashioned gospel are blamed for HE editorial in the November mitment. We may not take our Re­ splitting a church in which two camps T issue on "Membership in the Inter­ formed character for granted. The now appear, one the "ultra-fundament­ national Council" raises a question of thought and practice of the Church alists," and the other those whom the the greatest moment for the present must constantly be undergoing new Century backs. and future of the Orthodox Presby­ reformation. We ought to agree that we terian Church. In view of the uncer­ must be Reformed even in our relation­ Just who should be blamed for the division? Those who departed from tainty that has arisen as to the actual ships to non-Reformed Churches. the truth and compromised and refused attitude of the denomination to the The issue may appear to be rather to return to the truth, thus making two Constitution of the International Coun­ simple. The Orthodox Presbyterian cil of Christian Churches, the next Church expressed itself at two Assem­ I camps? Or those who are preaching ~ General Assembly will face the neces­ blies as having certain objections to the a new kind of orthodoxy and are de­ ! parting from the brethren who believe sity of clarifying this matter. So long Constitution of the I.C.C.C. The the gospel they first believed? Or as there is doubt as to our approval of Church proposed certain amendments .. those who hold the Gospel which was the Preamble and Doctrinal Statement to the Constitution which would over­ delivered to them? no one can be satisfied with the pres­ come these objections. The Genevan ent situation. Congress rejected a majority of these Wherever the blame should be My purpose in this brief article is changes. Consequently, it might seem placed, certainly the lines are drawn, not so much to evaluate Mr. Kuschke's to follow that the Church is in evident and the writer of the Christian Century editorial in detail as to advance certain disagreement with the basic platform article and I are equally guilty of tak­ considerations bearing on the ultimate of the I.C.C.C. ing sides-the opposite ones. decision which may possibly be over­ Such an estimate of the historical The Century writer would have us looked. Nevertheless, since my writing developments and present situation make major changes in policy. "First is occasioned by a rather basic diver­ seems to me, however, to be too simple and most important is recognition that gence of viewpoint from certain posi­ and to disregard certain important the evangelization of Korea cannot be tions taken in the editorial, I desire to facts. There are various aspects of accomplished within the present de­ emphasize one very basic feature of Mr. Kuschke's account of develop­ nominational framework." Certainly agreement between us. I am thankful ments which are open to serious doubt, this is a major change-to work out­ for the fact that there is manifest in the including his judgment that the action side the present tried churches. editorial a deep concern that the Ortho­ of the Los Angeles Assembly in join­ Personally I've greatly admired the dox Presbyterian Church shall be true ing the I.C.C.C. was "provisional" and indigenous Korean Christian Church. to its Presbyterian or Reformed com- his characterization of the actions of

226 The Presbyterian Guardian the last two Assemblies as a "repudia­ Church. The extensive Statement of contains the statement that "The tion" of the conditions of membership. Principles of Cooperation presented to Church is the Scriptural agency for But my principal dissent concerns the the last Assembly was largely occupied Evangelism." statement that the Congress at Geneva with the consideration of the latter If, then, the International Council "in particular ... turned down every point and sought to set forth the Re­ does not desire to assume the specific suggestion that the Council should not formed view of the functions of the functions of the church, how shall one engage in the work of the Church." Church and the proper and possible explain the negative attitude taken to­ If we are to do justice to the basic functions of councils of churches. ward the amendments of the Orthodox issues we may not be content with the Rather than adopting the procedure of Presbyterian Church relating to this determination of the question whether suggesting the elimination of objection­ point? In the first place, one may now the Congress accepted or rejected our able words and phrases, however, the recognize that our proposed amend­ proposed amendments. We shall need General Assembly followed the advice ments, in spite of their excellence and to ask ourselves anew what our objec­ of its committee in proposing some our good intentions, tended to raise a tives really were and are. In the first thoroughgoing revisions of the Pre­ psychological barrier simply because place, we were concerned that the amble and certain other portions of they appeared to involve a drastic doctrinal statement concerning salva­ the Constitution. If the Congress had overhauling of the Constitution and tion should be in a form that would adopted these revisions, the difficulties even its virtual displacement by a new allow of our assent. The last Assembly connected with the second major point constitution. The doctrinal platform ;> would have been overcome. • proposed a rewording of this article and preamble had been the means of which would avoid the possible impres­ It is surely not inconsequential that appealing successfully to a consider­ sion that a distinctly Arminian view the article in the doctrinal statement able group of churches around the of the relation of regeneraton and faith concerning salvation was amended to world. The Congress itself was an was being set forth. agree with the form proposed by our eloquent witness to the effectiveness of In the second place, it was felt that last Assembly. Moreover, various other that appeal. It is understandable that the Preamble in particular created the amendments were adopted as the result in such a context our approach might impression that the C~u~cil i,~ the of the careful consideration given, have been regarded as unnecessarily use of such terms as WItness and especially in the meetings of the Execu­ radical. "testimony" conceived of its task as tive Committee which preceded the In the second place, it was insisted that of evangelism, and that thus it Congress, to the other amendments that the language in the Preamble to would be usurping the work of the proposed by our Church. which we took exception did not neces­ sarily have the meaning we found in That the Congress did not adopt our it. The very existence of the Council other amendments, or by some other on its doctrinal platform constituted it modification of the Constitution did as a testimony to the truth expressed T is no secret that there are not clarify its view of its position with therein. The Council does not exist I within The Orthodox Presby­ regard to evangelism, was disappoint­ in isolation from the truth or in a terian Church divergent views as to ing. To understand and to evaluate this the wisdom and propriety of that neutral relation to the truth. It takes unfavorable action, however, one must very definite positions with regard to denomination's relationship with the take account of several facts. The International Council. several Christian doctrines and indi­ failure to accept these amendments cates its approval of the Apostles' Our November issue carried an does not involve a repudiation of the Creed. principles of cooperation set forth by editorial by one of our contributing And, finally, our proposals were con­ our Committee on Ecumenicity. It editors. The editorial was written tested because there was the fear that is a fact of some consequence that the in response to the Editor's request. the legitimate program of the I.C.C.C. president of the Council expressed him­ It called for a clarification of the would be undermined by the elimina­ self as agreeing heartily with these relationship between the church tion of references to the proclamation principles. The failure to accept these and the Council, in view of past of the gospel. Though not engaged in amendments, moreover, does not mean decisions of church assemblies, and missionary or evangelistic activity the that the International Council has been clearly implied that the church's I.C.C.C. has been concerned to act for engaging in the work of evangelism or public testimony was made ambig­ the churches in protecting their free­ intends to do so. Though some of the uous by its participation in the dom to fulfill their missionary pro­ publicity connected with the Council Council. grams, and this concern presupposes an may have given a contrary impression, Dr. Stonehouse, who has been interest shared by the member churches the actual facts do not seem to me to present at each of the two Con­ in the salvation of souls. The Council warrant the judgment that the Council gresses held thus far by the Inter­ has also conducted a vigorous program has acted as a missionary or evangeliz­ national Council, feels compelled to of arousing churches throughout the ing agency. differ with the editorial in its evalu­ world to the urgent necessity of cooper­ ation of the situation. That is his Due weight must also be given to ating in the face of the encroachments right, and we gladly publish his the Resolution on Evangelism adopted upon Christian faith and practice by contribution on the subject. We by the Congress. The full text of this unbelieving civil and ecclesiastical or­ expect the discussion to proceed resolution appeared in the October ganizations. And such a program has for some time. The matter is one issue of this journal and ought to be involved a concern with the deep doc­ that calls for earnest and honest carefully considered. Here I can only trinal issue so eloquently set forth by consideration. draw attention to the fact that it Dr. Machen in his challenging book

December 15, 1950 227 Christianity and Liberalism. The State­ mon Christian doctrines plus some dirty holy water and joined the mumb­ ment of Principles of Cooperation Reformed doctrines. It is a system of ling mass of people on their knees. clearly allows for such activity, and truth, and thus no single doctrine may The white headdress moved laboriously the Orthodox Presbyterian Church can be fully understood in isolation from as she prayed and climbed. At times hardly have intended, in proposing its that system. But may this be taken to her head was not to be seen, as she amendments, to prevent spokesmen for imply that only Reformed Churches stooped low to kiss pieces of glass cov­ the Council from freely dealing in may qualify as Christian churches or ering the bloodstains of Christ she be­ doctrinal terms with the issues facing that only Reformed men may qualify lieved were there. After fifteen min­ the churches. Behind all of the ques­ as Christian men? utes she reached the top and had earned tions regarding the Constitution of the Modernism, as Dr. Machen insisted, nine years of indulgence for someone. International Council which face the is not deserving of the name Christian. But ignorance was not excusable here Orthodox Presbyterian Church there is And he was certainly not one to because God had sent Martin Luther the more basic question of its evalua­ minimize the differences between the to fight this system of works. If only tion of the principles of cooperation Reformed Faith and such viewpoints the words that had stirred Luther could which were presented to the last as orthodox Lutheranism. Neverthe­ be placed at the top of that stairway: Assembly. less, he frequently expressed himself The just shall live by faith. The deepest issue at stake in our as regarding such a viewpoint as an Church's evaluation of the Interna­ approximation to the views which he Only Two Students tion Council concerns the question maintained as alone enjoying the full We left Rome and traveled further whether we may remain Reformed and support of the Scriptures, and he south to Naples, Vesuvius, Pompei and yet join with other Christian churches, rejoiced in the Christian fellowship \ Capri. Between Naples and Pompei ,/OJ Reformed and non-Reformed, to coop­ which he might experience with those we visited a beautiful estate called the who stood with him .for the Christ erate on the basis of a doctrinal plat­ Villa Savonarola, which is the home of form of the general character of the of the Word and the Word of Christ the Evangelical Biblical Institute. Here doctrinal statement found in the against the attacks of modernism. Was a one time New Jersey minister of Council's Constitution. The Reformed Dr. Machen right in drawing lines in Italian descent, Rev. Calliandro, seeks Faith is indeed not a number of com- such terms or was he wrong? to win ex-priests for the evangelical faith. He had great difficulty securing permission to enter Italy for this pur­ pose, and purchasing a building for his school. The Vatican-influenced gov­ ernment of Italy was not in favor of 00 the Boad frOID BOlDe any anti-Roman Catholic influence. By FRED H. KLOOSTER But this was not the only difficulty. The school began with twelve ex-priests. But when we visited there were only The JU8t Shall Live By Faith two remaining. The other ten had The pilgrim who had shouted his Here is the concluding part of left Romanism because they were Com­ Viva Papa's had been rewarded for his the account of a trip across Europe munists and were not interested in true long trip to Rome. He was in search of taken this past summer by two Christianity. The need of the work is special grace and the blessing of the easily seen' in the enthusiasm of the Pope was high on the list. But he had Westminster alumni now studying at two students. Until October 1949, come to his second fatherland in order Amsterdam. The first part appeared Father Valerio was a Franciscan friar. J to work out his salvation, since he be­ in the November GUARDIAN. Now he is studying with Mr. Calli­ lieves that salvation is the work in andro. Says this ex-priest, "The show which God and man cooperate. In and pomp of the Catholic rites I per­ order to receive a plenary indulgence from the payment of punishment in formed were meaningless and void to for all the temporal punishments of his purgatory and thus the soul may at me. There was nothing but the sen­ sin, he must visit three other cathedrals once enter heaven. The ambitious , sual enchantment of idol worship to I -St. Paul's outside the Wall, St. pilgrim may perform a few extra duties the accompaniment of incense burning, Mary Major, and St. John the Lateran. and obtain indulgence for friends or and the murmuring of long devotions Each time he enters by the holy door, relatives. to Mary and the saints. In my order, and proceeds to the altar and there re­ In a small chapel near St. John the we were daily subjected to bodily flog­ peats the Lord's Prayer, Hail Mary and Lateran we saw them working for ging. Only now have I learned to Glory Be to the Father three times. special indulgences for relatives. They worship God in spirit and in truth. And once more he must repeat all of do so upon a holy staircase, the Scala Oh, if Protestants could realize the these and the Creed for the intention Sancta. These stairs are said to have pressing need of evangelizing the of the Pope. Often it is vain repetition, been brought from the house of Pilate leaders of the Roman Catholic church!" as mumbling lips repeat these forms at Jerusalem. And they are called holy We were happy to visit this institution and inquisitive eyes wander over the because Jesus is said to have ascended and see its work but how discouraging visitors who stand near by with guide them on the day of His passion. As it is to think that this is the only one book and camera. But if done properly, we came a nun with a large white in Italy. And here were only two the Pope assures of complete freedom headdress dipped her hands into the students.

228 The Presbyterian Guardian Rubber Tires for Mary and Verona. She was evidently un­ 1529 the Diet of Protestations was held, The most southern point of our jour­ aware of the Reformation that had once from which time the name of Protes­ ney had been reached, and we began shaken Europe. She did not even know tant has been used. the return. It was in Verona, the home that she was living in the home town of Romeo and Juliet, that we were to of Luther's assistant. Needed-Men of Action As we traveled back to Holland we see another disgusting display of Ro­ A ferry boat took us and our car could not help contrasting the things mish pageantry. This was far removed across the Rhine to the city of Worms. we had seen of Rome and of the Re­ from the romance of moonlight nights The city in which Luther had made formation. In the Reformation cities and balcony love scenes. A carnival­ his courageous defense before the Diet we had seen fine monuments commem­ like spirit prevailed. Colorful crepe of 1521 was now an indescribable orating historic occasions. But we were paper decorated doorways, windows, shambles. Here was the worst war unable to find a church where that street lamps and signs. Enthusiastic destruction that we had yet seen. In Biblically founded faith of the reform­ Catholics told us that the Virgin would the garden near the cathedral is the ers was still preached today. Monu­ visit Verona that night. They took us site where Luther dared to come, even ments are fine, but even lustrous mar­ to the church where a beautiful statue had there been as many devils in the ble is dead. of the Virgin Mary was being adored city as tiles on the roofs. Before the But in Rome we had seen life and by young and old. This statue had mighty Emperor Charles V this ex­ action and devotion. However, we been blessed by the Pope himself and priest had refused to recant, unless he must not be misled. This is life that was now making a journey through the could be shown to be wrong from the exists under a shadow, action that is parishes of Italy. At seven in the eve­ Word of God. "God help me. Amen," misdirected, devotion that is for wood ning Mary was placed on a large rubber were his closing words. tired trailer. She was surrounded by and stone. Here the Scriptures have white-clad boys and girls. A small in­ Untouched by the destructive bombs, been replaced by the devices of men. significant .crucifix also went along for the famous Luther monument stands If ever there was a time for the sons the ride. majestically in a small park of colorful of the Reformation to stand up for their Candle-bearing women preceded the pansies. In the center of the monu­ faith, the time is now. As Rome pro­ men who drew the wagon. The pro­ ment stands the author of the Ninety­ claims new and unbiblical doctrines, cession followed a prescribed route Five Theses. At his feet sit the fore­ the cleavage between her and the Ref­ through the gaily decorated streets of runners of the Reformation,-Savona­ ormation grows. Protestants must be the parish. With pity we looked upon rola, John Huss, John Wycliff and men of continuous action. They can­ the people as they worshipped this dead Peter Waldo. And among others is a not be satisfied with a Reformation image. Sick people were seated in symbol of the city of Speyer where in Day versus a Holy Year! doorways. Mothers kneeled with their children as the image passed their door­ ways. Every house and yard was dec­ orated in honor of the Virgin who was passing by and bringing her blessing. Orthodox Presbyterian Here was superstitious devotion. And yet we were amused when an eager Church News mother held her three-year-old daugh­ ter by the window. The child was Philadelphia, Pa.: The Rev. Clar­ Paul Szto, On Sunday Mr. and Mrs. dressed as an angel, but the procession ence W. Duff, missionary to Eritrea, Szto visited the work of the Rev. Kelly scared her and her conduct was hardly was guest preacher at the Thanksgiving G. Tucker at Cornville. Young people angelic. Day service of Gethsemane Church. of the church meet every Monday eve­ A missions offering of over $400 was ning for recreation, worship and project In the Land of the Reformers received. work. After this sobering night in Verona, Pittsburgh, Penna.r Sixteen families Fair Lawn, N. J.: Attendance in we were happy to get on to Switzer­ had 100 per cent attendance at a recent Sunday school at Grace Chapel has land and Germany, the land of the re­ Family Day service in Covenant Church. been averaging 80 during November, formers. In Zurich we visited the great Each family received a copy of the with a high of 88 on November 12. Munster church where Zwingli began book by Abraham Kuyper, Implications This is partly the result of a program the Reformation in his own way. Hav­ of Public Confession. The pastor, the of house-to-house canvassing. Improve­ ing crossed the border again, we came Rev. Calvin Cummings, reports that ments to the church property continue, into Bretten, Germany, with its typical two Romanists who attended a recent and include the recent planting of a plaster houses with varnished beams. instruction class have decided to break barberry hedge around the lawn. This was Melancthon's city. In the old with their former church. Mr. Cum­ Nottingham, Pa,s An all day meet­ square, next to the 16th century well, mings has twelve persons in his pres­ ing of the Women's Missionary Prayer we asked a lady where the reformer ent instruction class. Band was held at Bethany Church on had lived. Although we were stand­ Portland, Me.: The second annual October II, with Mrs. Bruce Hunt as ing directly across from the house, she missionary Rally was held at Second guest speaker. Evangelistic services was unable to tell us. Here was an­ Parish Church November 9-12. Guests were conducted at the church October other type of ignorance, but as serious were the Rev. Clarence Duff, the Rev. 3o-November 5, with the Rev. Ralph as the ignorance and darkness of Rome John P. Galbraith, and Mr. and Mrs. (See "Church News," p. 234)

December 15, 1950 229 The Glory of the £hristian £horeh By the REV. PROFESSOR R. B. KUIPER

XXXIX it will never happen to the Christian be sure, believers do not always mani­ church as such. fest in their lives that they are light ANTITHESIS OF THE WORLD The reason is that God Himself has in the Lord. Therefore the exhortation The term world does not always have fashioned the church as the opposite is in order: "Walk as children of light." the same meaning. It can properly be of the world and that, according to His But that command does not detract so used in a considerable variety of senses. own promise, He will preserve His much as an iota from the fact of their In distinction from the Christian church. God, who made the church being children of light. The truth is church it is "the ungodly multitude, radically different from the world, will that the command is predicated on that the mass of men alienated from most certainly keep it that way. That fact. God and therefore hostile to the cause the gates of hell will not prevail against The conclusion is irrefutable that of Christ." The term antithesis is the church (Matth. 16:18) is a way of the antithesis of the church and the defined by a good dictionary as "a saying that to the end of time the world is actual. Now, that has a direct strong contrast, the direct contrary." church will continue as the antithesis bearing on the glory of the church. Its It hardly needs to be argued that the of the world. being the opposite of the world is not stronger the contrast of the church and The history of the church goes back merely something to be desired without the world the greater is the glory of all the way to the garden of Eden. No necessarily being realized. Nor is its the church. White never seems quite sooner had man sinned than God being the opposite of the world a duty so white as when it is seen against a promised him a Saviour. Presumably that mayor may not be performed. black background. So the holiness and Adam and Eve believed that promise. The antithesis is reality, actuality. The beauty of the church of Christ stand If so, they became the first members of church is as a matter of indisputable out most strikingly when contrasted the body of Christ. Significantly, at the fact the direct contrary of the unholy with the filthiness and depravity of the very moment when God founded the world. And that is a way of saying world. church He also brought the antithesis that it is supremely holy. into being. Said He to the tempter: An Actual Antithesis "I will put enmity between thee and An Absolute Antithesis The charge is often laid at the door the woman, and between thy seed The persons who constitute the of the church that it closely resembles and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, world are "dead in trespasses and sins" the world. All too frequently it does. and thou shalt bruise his heel" (Gen. (Eph. 2:1), whereas those who consti­ Always there is some worldliness in 3:15). The seed of the tempter is the tute the church, having been born . the church, ofttimes there is much. world; the seed of the woman is the again, are spiritually alive. Because Then the church must needs be church. It must be noted that God did of that fact the contrast of the rebuked for the sin of being conformed not command them to be at enmity church and the world is obviously not to the world and be reminded of the with each other and then leave it to partial but complete, not relative but antithesis as a duty. them to obey or disobey as they might absolute. For men are either dead or However, the antithesis may not be please. No, God Himself put enmity alive; they cannot be both. Life and thought of merely as a duty which at between them, and there it was. By death are mutually exclusive. times is observed, albeit imperfectly, by a divine fiat the antithesis was estab­ This is not to claim that the Chris­ the church and at other times is largely lished. And its continuation through­ tian is sinless. On the contrary, the neglected by it. The antithesis is also out the centuries is guaranteed by the very best Christian is far from the goal an actual fact. So long as the church unalterable will of God. of perfection. The apostle Paul, great has existed, the antithesis has been a The apostle Paul told the believers saint that he was, readily granted that reality, and so long as the church will at Ephesus: "Ye were sometimes dark­ he had not apprehended the prize of exist in this wicked world the antithesis ness, but now are ye light in the Lord" the high calling of God in Christ Jesus will continue as a reality. The world (Eph. 5:8). When they were of the (Phil. 3:13, 14). And James, the will never be permitted to absorb the world they were darkness; now that brother of the Lord, said: "In many church, and the church, though always they have become members of Christ's things we offend all" (Jas. 3:2). There marred by worldliness, will never be­ church they are light. One is the direct is point to the story of the minister come identified with the world. To contrary of the other. Again it must who met a fellow-minister on the be the opposite of the world is not only be noted that the apostle did not com­ street, inquired of him where he was necessary for the well-being of the mand the Ephesians to stop being going, and, when told that he was church but is essential to its very being. darkness and to become light in the hurrying on to perfection, replied: "If If the church should cease being the Lord. That would have made no sense that is the case, I won't detain you, antithesis of the world, it would no for the simple and conclusive reason for I realize that you have a long way longer be the church. That can hap­ that by the grace of God they had to go." Nevertheless, the new life pen, and every once in a while does already as a matter of fact been trans­ which God the Holy Spirit has im­ happen, to a portion of the church, but formed from darkness into light. To planted in the Christian's soul domin-

230 The Presbyterian Guardian ates him. He is "dead unto sin" and is, good prompted by love for God, the fire, and the fire aims to transform "alive unto God" (Rom. 6:II). and that in all the good that the unre­ the water into vapor. Nor is this to say that the man of generate do there is not manifest so The antithesis of the church and the the world is less than human. In much as a speck of that love. It must world is not passive but decidedly Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice Shy­ also be borne in mind that the use active. lock contends that Jews are people too. which the regenerate make of the gifts That the world is actively opposed He argues: "Hath not a Jew eyes? of common grace and the use of them to the church is abundantly clear from hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimen­ by the unregenerate differ most radi­ history. No sooner had God put sions, senses, affections, passions? fed cally. The Christian does his eating enmity between the seed of the tempter with the same food, hurt with the same and drinking, as well as all other and that of the woman than that weapons, subject to the same diseases, things, to the glory of God, whereas enmity flared up. Cain killed Abel healed by the same means, warmed and the man of the world does precisely because his brother's works were good cooled by the same winter and summer, nothing to God's glory. And never and his own evil. In cruel hatred the as a Christian is? If you prick us, may the truth be forgotten that saving pagan Egyptians persecuted God's do we not bleed? if you tickle us, do grace, which only Christians possess, people. When Israel had occupied we not laugh?" Certainly in that sense differs so completely in kind from com­ Palestine, the neighboring heathen na­ unbelievers, too, are people. In fact mon grace that all the blessings of tions were almost incessantly at war they are human in a more exalted common grace that God has ever with it. The hatred of the world for sense. In them are remnants of the poured out upon mankind, together the seed of the woman came to its image of God in which man was orig­ with those that remain to be poured fullest and most violent expression inally created. They still possess ration­ out to the end of time, do not add up when it crucified the Son of man. ality, morality and immortality. How­ to so much as one grain of saving But let no one think that this hatred ever, that which remains in them of grace. burned itself out on that occasion. The the image of God is devoid of all The absolue character of the antith­ followers of Christ have ever since morally good content. Even their esis of the church and the world is experienced the truth of the words morality is but a sense of right and undeniable. It is not true, as is often which He said unto them: "The serv­ wrong, not a love for the right. In supposed, that the church and the ant is not greater than his lord: if they the Christian, on the other hand, the world are alike up to a certain point have persecuted me, they will also image of God has in principle been and from that point on differ. They persecute you" (John 15:20); and "If restored to all its pristine glory of true differ at every point. They do not ye were of the world, the world would knowledge of God, true righteousness run on the same track for some dis­ love his own: but because ye are not of and true holiness. And that means tance and then diverge. They are the world, but I have chosen you out that the difference between the image divergent from beginning to end. And of the world, therefore the world hateth of God in the Christian and that image that, too, bears on the glory of the you" (John 15:19). in the non-Christian is not merely church. So different is the church The church, too, must actively oppose quantitative, so that the former has from the world that the two are in­ the world, and in the measure in which more of it than the latter, but the comparable. That makes the glory of it truly is the church it does that. To difference is qualitative. the church transcendent. be sure, the people of God do not hate It has sometimes been contended the men of the world as these hate that the gifts of the common grace of An Active Antithesis them. Christ's disciples love all men, God render the antithesis of the be­ An antithesis may be absolute with­ even their enemies. Therefore they liever and the unbeliever, and conse­ out being active. Who will deny that labor for the salvation of all who are quently of the church and the world, black and white are opposites? White alienated from God and hostile to the less than absolute. It can hardly be is seen when sunlight is reflected with­ cause of Christ. At the very time of ~. denied that both are recipients of cer­ out absorption of any of the visible rays their martyrdom at the hands of the tain manifestations of divine benevol­ of the spectrum. Black is the absence world they pray: "Lord, lay not this I <. ence. "He maketh his sun to rise on of all spectral color. But they may sin to their charge" (Acts 7:60). But the evil and on the good, and sendeth exist alongside of each other and be that is by no means the whole picture. rain on the just and on the unjust" purely passive. It is not unusual nowa­ It has another aspect. When Christ (Matth.5:45). In early human history days to trim an otherwise white house died on the cross, the tempter did in­ the ungodly descendants of Cain ex­ with black. The effect is striking deed bruise the heel of the woman's celled in such arts and sciences as because of the complete contrast, but seed, but the woman's seed crushed the husbandry, music and metallurgy the two exist side by side in perfect head of the tempter. And the church (Gen. 4:20-22). Scripture even tells peace. Neither troubles the other in of Christ witnesses boldly against the us that, certainly not by virtue of their the least. sins of the world, with might and main innate goodness which is non-existent, But now let us suppose that the opposes the works of darkness per­ but by virtue of the common grace of house just referred to has caught fire petrated by the world, and, believe it God, unregenerate men can do good of and that water is poured on the fire. or not, even hates the world. That a kind. Said Jesus: "If ye do good There you have another antithesis, but hatred has correctly been said to be not to them which do good to you, what it is extremely active. Fire and water personal, but official. The church hates thank have ye? for sinners do also even work at cross-purposes. The one would the world in a specific capacity-as the same" (Luke 6:33)' It must be destroy the house, the other would God's enemy. It cries out: "Do not remembered, however, that only the save it. They would even destroy each I hate them, a Lord, that hate thee, regenerate can do spiritual good, that other. The water strives to put out (See "Kuiper," p. 2]8)

December 15, 1950 231 MISSIONS By MRS. RICHARD B. GAFFIN

Bible Study indeed put all things under his feet? on the earth. All others have been (Ps. 2:8; 89:26-29; IIO:1; II Sam. dishonoring. I have glorified thee, OUR LORD'S INTERCESSORY PRAYER AND 7:13-14.) therefore glorify thou me. Not any THE CONVERSION OF THE WORLD (2) The appointed time was come. longer here on earth with its sin and Introduction: "Father, the hour is come" (vs. 1). pollution, but yonder in heaven to By means of an outline of our study What hour? The hour in which the which my eyes are lifted up-where thus far, review, rather fully if there Son of God was to terminate the labors thou thyself art. Glorify me with the are new persons in attendance. Use of His life; the hour of atoning by glory that I had with thee before the the question and answer method. This His sufferings for the guilt of man­ world was. Such was our Lord's prayer time will be well spent. Write the kind; the hour of concluding the old· for Himself; such its petitions; such outline on a large sheet of paper or and introducing the new dispensation; its pleas. preferably ona blackboard. Add to the hour of triumphing over the world, Conclusion: it as you go along today. death and hell; the hour of erecting We conclude our remarks on this I. The address-"Father," "Holy that spiritual kingdom which is to first division of the prayer, our Lord's Father," "Righteous Father." last forever. prayer for Himself, by exhorting you I. Our Lord's prayer for himself. The set time is come. It is a matter to imitate with certain obvious limita­ a. The petition (request): "Father, of the Divine purpose and promise tions our Savior's prayers and plead­ glorify thy son that thy son also may (Num. 23: 19). God hastens every­ ings. "We may, we ought, to pray glorify thee." (vss, 1, 5.) thing in His time. God to glorify us, to make us truly b. The reasons for. the request. (3) That He might give eternal life glorious, by making us truly holy, that 1. The intimate and loving relation (Vss, 2, 3). The third reason that we may be placed in circumstances of our Lord to the Father, "Glorify Christ gives for asking, "Glorify thy where we can effectively glorify Him. thy Son" (vs. 1). 2. The appointed Son" is the fact that "power over all And we are to seek to glorify Him time was come. "Father, the hour is flesh" had been given Him, that He by endeavoring in our own place-a come" (vs. 1). 3. That He might give might "give eternal life to as many as very subordinate one, doubtless-to eternal life (vss. 2, 3). 4. All necessary thou hast given him." "The Father put men in possession of eternal life, preparations have been made (vs. 4). in His eternal counsels had appointed by leading them to the knowledge of The Lesson: Him to save a portion, a large portion, Him as the only true God, and of Jesus John 17:1-5. Our Lord's prayer for of the human race." "Eternal life," Christ whom He has sent. Our con­ himself. What are the reasons or pleas though "the gift of God" can find its stant prayer should be, Our Father, given by our Lord to His "Righteous way to man only "through Jesus Christ honor us by making us fit and suc­ Father" in support of His petition, our Lord." He would then glorify cessful instruments for honoring thee, "Glorify thy Son." Him by giving Him the opportunity of in promoting the salvation of men." ( 1) The intimate and loving rela­ purchasing, with the price of His (The quotations, outline, and other tion in which He stood to the Father. blood, to Himself the elect or "as many help in these lessons have been taken It is impossible for us to comprehend as thou hast given him." from An Exposition of Our Lord's the intimate and loving relation of God And what is eternal life? "To know Intercessory Prayer, by John Brown, the Father and the incarnate Son. It the only true God and Jesus Christ, Professor of Exegetical Theology and is sufficient to say that when our Lord whom thou hast sent" (vs.3). (Study minister in the United Presbyterian .. uttered the address, "Father," He ex­ with a commentary.) Church, Edinburgh, Scotland.) pressed in the highest degree supreme (4) All necessary preparations have veneration, esteem, love and con­ been made (vs. 4). These words like fidence. The advancement of His a number that follow in the prayer, Father's honor was the object for (e.g. vs. 11 "Now I am no more in the Planning the Program which He had lived, the object for world,"-vs. 12, "While I was with which He longed to die, the object them in the world") are spoken as WORLD DAY OF PRAYER falls for which He asks to be restored to though the work of atoning were on the ninth of February. If it is not His former glory. finished. It indicates the positive customary to hold services for prayer in As there is a strong reason for asking certainty of His purposes, so positive your church on that day your society the granting of the petition because of that He could speak of their being will be doing an excellent piece of mis­ the sentiments of the Son toward the accomplished, when there was still the sionary work to support and encourage Father, there is equally as strong a greatest of all efforts to be borne. your pastor in doing so. What can reason because of the sentiments of the To understand our verse note the you do? Invite other people, especially Father toward the Son. "The Father emphasis on the personal pronoun, I, those who have no such services in loveth the Son" (also Ps. 2:7; Matt. and the phrase, On the earth. The their own churches. Take charge of 3:17). Besides, the Father had made force may be stated thus: I alone of serving a hot drink to those who bring promises to the Son. Will He not all the sons of men have glorified thee a box lunch, and look after other phys-

232 The Presbyterian Guardian ical needs. Be present at all sessions. David Brainerd. However, our calen­ K., p. I and Nat. Geo.) Prepare your thoughts and heart, for dar calls for special attention to the Q. 3. How is Korea shaped? Ans. It praising God. Pray for lost. friends, Davies. If you used our series of Home is nine hundred miles long and one neighbors and loved ones, that God Mission programs outlined in this hundred and fifty miles wide. (G. K., may use you and your church in bring­ column last year you may not need to p. 8, 9; Nat. Geo.) ing them to Christ. go into the history and progress of the Q. 4. What are the resources of HERE IS AN IDEA: Many churches work that the Davies are doing. But Korea? (G. K., Chapts. I and IV; Nat. hold services during the day only, on give much time to acquainting the so­ Geo.) the day of prayer. This year let's go ciety with the stubborn conditions they Q. 5. What in Korea is more Im­ on into the evening, in order that we face in Wisconsin, as revealed in the portant than her natural resources? may have the men and other people Messenger and GUARDIAN during the {he hearts of her people. who are not free during the day. last year. Pray that I-Roman Catholic Q. 6. Why have the Korean people Your society might prepare something persecution and opposition may work through the ages suffered much and special to attract them. THE PRESBY­ for good. 2-That growth in grace been cruelly humiliated just as they are TERIAN GUARDIAN, November 10, 1944, may giv6 boldness to the Christians to today? Because Korea is a penninsula, p. 315, has "A Reverie, The Savior, testify in word and deed. 3-That lying between Japan and China and The Soul and Revival," that could be young and weak Christians may not be Russia. Too weak to defend herself, used effectively. A hymn program on ensnared by the extreme immorality she often has been seized by one of some hymn of prayer may also be used. that surrounds them. 4-For the mis­ them or become the meeting place for It should be brief. A prayer meeting sionaries, that they may have not only their battles. is for prayer. their daily bread but any suchconveni­ Q. 7. Illustrate on the map the pre­ For your regular monthly meeting ences as will enable them to glorify the vious question. In the sixteenth cen­ you may still be studying the life of Lord better. tury Japan overran the country hoping to use it as a step from which to take China. Again she did the same thing in 1910. (G. K., Chap. III; Latourette. A Quiz on Korea A History of the Expansion of Chris­ tianity, Korea.) E hope that you are planning a through High School. Supply each Q. 8. What word describes the suc­ big event for the children of your "kid" with a copy of the Quiz instruct­ W cess of Christianity in Korea? Re­ ing them to study every answer. But church this winter to emphasize mis­ markable. sions. Maybe you need an idea. Here assign certain of the complicated it is-A Quiz On Korea-the country answers to each individual to be told by Q. 9. What things helped toward the success of Christianity? The that is in the news. Let us take ad­ them. Fit assignments to personalities. Koreans had a simple language that vantage of the prevailing current inter­ Give that eleven year old boy the funny could be easily learned. The Bible was est and acquaint our boys and girls, story about Dr. Moffat's bicycle. Some translated into this language by mis­ young folks and parents, with the difficult and long answers have been sionaries in China and Japan and battles of the Lord which have been omitted, clip these from the text and brought into the land when they were fought in Korea. give to the children. Make a large outline map of Korea showing China able to enter. When the missionaries Essential Materials: and Russia on the one side and Japan preached to the people they could say, "See, here it is in God's Book." "Gold in Korea," by William New­ on the other. Put in the 38th parallel ton Blair; Central Distributing De­ and the important cities. Make Pusan Q. 10. How long has Protestant partment, 156 Fifth Avenue, New stand out. Have all taking part Christianity been in Korea? Ans. Not York City. Price, $1.00. observe one or more of the regular more than seventy-five years. In 1873, The National Geographic Magazine, television "Quiz Kids" Programs if John Ross, a missionary to Manchuria of the United Presbyterian Church of \ June, 1950. possible. "Modern Daniels in Korea," by Chun Scotland, secured a Korean teacher and Young Chang; Committee on Chris­ Procedure: Place the children and translated the New Testament. While tian Education, 1505 Race Street, teacher on the platform as they are they were translating, three Koreans be­ Philadelphia 2, Pa. seen on the television program. Hang came Christians. Later Koreans were Map of Korea. the map near the teacher. The teacher sent out from Mukden, Manchuria, to Korean Costume. should begin with the introductory re­ take the Gospels into their land. As yet marks, following with questions in the Korean Government would not Preparation: Select a teacher, who order. Hands may be raised and the allow any foreign persons to enter. is the most important part of this Quiz. teacher calls on the one whom she (Latourette.) She should have a love for imparting desires to give the answer, giving pref­ Q. 11. How did the Koreans dress knowledge to children. The teacher erence to the younger children for the when early missionaries went there? should familiarize herself with all the shorter answers. (G. K., p. 4.) Have some one appear literature suggested so that she can not Q. I. How would you travel to go in Korean costume or show a doll or only impart knowledge but feeling to from our town to Pusan, Korea? Show pictures. those who take part. Choose a group us on the map. Q. 12. How do they dress now? of seven to ten "Quiz Kids," repre­ Q. 2. What two words describe (Nat. Geo.) senting every age group from Primary Korea? Ans. Beautiful and fertile (G. Q. 13. Tell how the Koreans acted

December 15, 1950 233 when Dr. Moffat went to Korea? (G. those with ability tell well this story Ans. See Mod. Daniels in Korea, p. 4. K., p. 17.) emphasizing that a boy believing in Also-Whereupon he was thrown into Q. 14. How did they travel in those Jesus started something that brought prison, contracted T. B. and almost days? Ans. There were very few good Christ to a whole city. (G. K., Chapt. died. He was released when the war roads, even the government roads had X.) ended after five years in prison. He almost no bridges. Most of the roads Q. 22. Who will tell about the became one of the two founders of the were trails that followed the valleys and church at Yundong? (G. K., Chapt. Korea Theological Seminary and as low places between the mountains. XL.) The teacner should emphasize the first Field Secretary traveled about Formerly most of the Koreans walked. the fact after the story is told tnat lay his country getting support for it. One hundred Ii (33 and one-third people volunteered because they were Q. 30. Who is the president of the miles) was considered a good day's concerned about the lost in Yundong. Seminary? Ans. Mr. Park, Yun Sun, journey. (G. K., p. 22.) W hen they got there they took time to a humble and scholarly Christian Q. 15. This method was too slow pray for two hours each day, then went gentleman. He graduated from college for the missionaries. Who can tell from door to door teaching the people and seminary in Korea and then came what happened when Dr. Moffat got a and opening the Word of God to them. to Westminster Theological Seminary lovely red bicycle from Sears, (G. K., They did not have any big mass meet­ where he was graduated in 1936. Mr. p.22.) ing with trumpets to attract attention Park was largely instrumental in start­ Q. 16. Do many Koreans walk in but taught the people individually from ing the Korea Theological Seminary in these days? Yes, even though there are the Word. 1946. He has a working knowledge of more bicycles than in America, and Q. 23. What would happen in your German, Dutch, Chinese and speaks many good roads and railroads, many town if twelve men in your church English and Japanese and of course his people walk, and our missionary, Mr. joined (give name of your pastor) for own native Korean. Hunt, frequently walked too because a week for two hours of daily prayer Q. 31. Was Mr. Hunt thrown into he could talk to many people along the and then of going from door to door? prison? Ans. Yes, he was in prison way that he would not see if he rode. Q. 24. Does the Rev. Bruce F. Hunt 105 days. He was released only two (Teacher, describe how Jesus did this use this plan? A ns. Yes, and all the days before Pearl Harbor, only to be and how it is done in Korea. G. K., missionaries of the Orthodox Presby­ placed in a concentration camp for six Chapt. IV.) terian Church use it in foreign lands. months. (Out of Prison, Bruce F. Q. 17. There is a second reason why Q. 25. Where has Mr. Hunt been Hunt.) the spread of the Gospel in Korea was living in Korea? Ans. At Pusan. H:: (Teacher close with a strong appeal so successful. What was it? Ans. Be­ taught in the Korea Theological Sern­ for prayer to the Lord of the harvest to cause the missionaries from the very inarv and a Bible School wnich are send out forces to help these faithful beginning used a good plan. located there. He is much loved by brethren in the Lord, who were not Q. 18. What was this plan? Ans. the people and is a very popular ashamed to suffer so much for His The Nevius Plan. It was called that preacher. He speaks the language with sake.) after Mr. Nevius who was a missionary ease for he was born and reared in to China. He had such great success Korea. He speaks in youth meetings. in China that the missionaries invited Some of these meetings have been at­ Church News him to Korea to show them how he tended by thousands of young people. (Continued from p. 229) preached, and how he taught the peo­ Q. 26. What else does he do? Ans. ple. Mr. Nevius spent ten days in He loves to preach in the streets and Clough of Bridgeton as guest preacher. Korea telling the missionaries how he prisons and takes time if it is possible The services were well attended, and worked in China. to go into the country to visit the brought real blessing to the church. Q. 19. Tell how the Nevius Plan churches and encourage the pastors and During December and January the worked. Ans, Every new Christian was people. Sunday school is having an attendance to study the Bible from those who Q. 27. By whom was the Korea contest with the school of Calvary knew more than he did; and at the Theological Seminary founded? Ans. Church, Volga, S. D. same time he was to teach some one By a group of Korea's most earnest Harrisville, Pa.: The Rev. Robert !' who knew less than he. So we may Christian men and women who refused K. Churchill of Cedar Grove, Wis., say every Christian is to be learning to bow down and worship at the Japa­ was guest preacher for a series of evan­ and teaching. (Comment by the teacher nese spirit shrines when all the people gelistic services at Faith Church as to what would happen in America if were commanded to do so by the November 5-12. On November II an this Nevius Plan were followed.) Japanese soldiers. Armistice Day conference for young Q. 20. Mr. Nevius's plan did not Q. 28. What did the Japanese do people was held at the church. Twenty allow foreign money to be used to hire when they refused to bow down and persons from Pittsburgh, as well as preachers, build schools, or hospitals. worship the spirits of the dead? Ans. people from Branchton and Grove City, How were the poor people to get these They persecuted them and threw them attended. things? Ans. They were to give as into prison. (Let each of the Quiz Branchton, Pa.: A missionary din­ God prospered them, for that is the Kids report on one of the items given ner was held recently at the New way the Bible teaches that it should be on pages 8 and 9 in "Modern Dan.els Hope Church. It was arranged by the done. in Korea.") Machen League under the direction of Q. 21. Tell how the church at Sun­ Q. 29. Tell us about Mr. Han Sang Mildred Dyer and Norma McCandl:ss. dol was organized using the Nevius Dong, the first Field Secretary of the The Rev. Henry Phillips of Grove City Plan. (The teacher should have one of Korea Theological Seminary at Pusan. was guest speaker.

234 The Presbyterian Guardian Santee, Calif.: The Santee Valley over $4,000. But the storm that affected it was determined to establish a Church observed November 19 as the eastern part of the country just after Women's Presbyterial. Mrs. Eyres was Thank Offering day. Pictures of mis­ Thanksgiving damaged the church so chosen as President, and Mrs. John sion work in Korea were shown. A that another repair job is needed. The Roskamp of Waterloo, as vice-presi­ new mixed choir of adults has been roof, windows and interior all suffered dent. A spirit of great enthusiasm organized, and is assisting in the in the storm. On Sunday, November prevailed. church services. The Young People 26, no service was held in the morn­ Guest speaker in the afternoon was are enjoying informal fire-side gather­ ing, and in the evening only the vestry Mrs. John Davies of Gresham, Wis­ ings before their Sunday evening devo­ could be used. consin. She gave a stirring message tional meetings. about her experiences among the In­ Evergreen Park, Ill.: Plans are dians. There was hardly a dry eye in under way for the Sunday school Chris­ the place when she had finished. Organization of Everyone present felt that the gather­ mas program at Westminster Church, Wisconsin Presbyterial which will be held Friday evening, ing had been a real success, and that December 22. A pageant, Christ is (The following account was delayed the new organization had great possi­ Born, is to be presented by the pupils. in reaching us, because of the illness of bilities of good for the women's soci­ The area within one mile of the church its author, Mrs. Lawrence Eyres, of eties of the church, and for the work of is currently being visited in a house­ La Grange, Illinois. She actually wrote the church in general. to-house canvass. it in the hospital, where she spent three Berkeley, Calif.: Taking a cue from weeks following a gall bladder opera­ modern magazine styles, the Covenant tion. Latest report is that she has Samuel Iredell Monthly, a mimeographed publication returned home and is slowly recuperat­ of Covenant Church, carried in its ing.) N November 6, Samuel Iredell, November issue a cardboard section H ERE had never been a women's O a charter member of Calvary which, when cut out and folded accord­ T. presbyterial organization in Wis­ Orthodox Presbyterian Church of ing to directions, formed a small box consin, but when plans for the fall Bridgeton, N. J., was called to be with to be used for the Thank offering and meeting of Presbytery, to be held in his Lord. Mr. Iredell was an elder of brought in on November 26. The same First Church, Waterloo, Iowa, on Calvary Church, and served faithfully publication carried a list of 28 persons October 10, were arranged, Mrs. to the end. Funeral services were con­ who made the "attendance honor roll" Holkeboer, wife of the pastor of the ducted by the Rev. Ralph Clough, at the church during the preceding five host church, wrote to the various pastor of the church. Sunday month. churches of Presbytery asking them to Mr. Iredell was a noted lawyer. He West Collingswood, N. J.: Imman­ send also women delegates to meet and played a significant part in develop­ uel Church went down to defeat in its consider whether to form a presbyterial. ments related to the formation of the Sunday school attendance contest with A very sizeable delegation of ladies Orthodox Presbyterian Church. As Eastlake Church of Wilmington, Del. gathered in Waterloo. Mrs. Holkeboer an elder of the Bridgeton congregation However, during the eight weeks of the presided over the meeting. In the morn­ of the Presbyterian Church U.S.A., he contest, attendance at Immanuel aver­ ing she related in a most challenging was appointed to the judicial commis­ aged 182, compared with a membership way the beginning of The Orthodox sion of the West Jersey Presbytery roll of 192. Two new members were Presbyterian Church, and especially which tried the Rev. Carl McIntire in recently welcomed into the adult that beginning as it concerned the 1935 on charges growing out of his church family, and four covenant chil­ churches of Wisconsin Presbvterv, refusal to obey the Assembly Mandate dren were baptized. Somehow it made us all glad to' be 'a directing him to resign from the In­ Portland, Ore.: Every Wednesday part of such a militant little church. dependent Board for Presbyterian Mis­ afternoon Children's Bible Classes are The final challenge was that the fight sions. Mr. Iredell filed a dissenting held at the church, taught bv the Rev. is not over, but that we must go on opinion in that case. The majority Carl Ahlfeldt, assisted by Mrs. Ivan holding high those things which we voted to convict, but Mr. Iredell main­ Shulze, Mrs. Clifford Anderson and have held dear. tained that the case had not been Miss Arlene Test. Average attendance Following this there was a forum proven, that there was no evidence of is about 30. There are ten persons at discussion on the subject, Problems Re­ any violation of ordination vows. This present in the pastor's communicant lating to Our Women's Societies. A dissenting opinion appears in the first class. Sunday school has an average number of problem questions had been issue of THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN, attendance of 150. Over 100 persons prepared by Mrs. Eyres, and these were published in October, 1935. attended the Harvest Supper in October. mimeographed and distributed to the He participated in the formation of delegates. As each was discussed, the Calvary Church in Bridgeton, and be­ ladies wrote down their conclusions. sides being an elder, was for many Suggestions, comments and queries years teacher of one of the adult classes Storm Damage to came promptly and spontaneously from in the Sunday school. He was used Portland Church all present, and everyone felt much greatly in bringing others to a deeper benefited. understanding of God's Word. A NLY a few months ago the Sec­ A delicious luncheon was served by staunch defender of the faith, he mili­ O ond Parish Orthodox Presb-terian the ladies of the Waterloo Church. tantly applied the claims of the gospel Church of Portland, Me., carred out a In the afternoon the matter of organ­ to all classes of men and to all walks general redecoration program costing ization was considered. Unanimously of life.

December 15, 1950 235 Says Mr. Clough: "Proverbs 4:18 and resolutions passed by the Council ministerial students questioned, only is a most fitting commentary on his during its sessions, the following have 33 per cent came from rural churches. life: 'The path of the just is as the come to our attention: A statement From an interdenominational study shining light, that shineth more and vigorously opposing recognition of the of II71 parsonages in 47 different more unto the perfect day'." government of Communist China, or states, it appeared that the kitchen sink giving Communist China a seat in the was inadequate in one out of six of U. N.; a statement expressing appre­ the homes, and that storage space was hension lest the "Point 4" program of sadly lacking. In 61 per cent of the Solution Soon for the U. S. Government be used to manses, the old wooden or galvanized Eritrean Problem further the cause of socialism; a peti­ tub was the featured item on wash tion to President Truman and Congress VER since the war the United Na­ day. The pastor's wives as a group are asking an investigation as to why E tions organization has been trying the best educated women in their com­ soldiers in the armed forces have not to decide what to do with the former munities, and receive least for their been alerted to the history and present work. Italian colonies in northeast Africa. program of Communism and urging How about your manse? Now a decision has apparently been that such a program be established; an reached, which has the approval of attack upon the Romish church for both Ethiopia and Italy. Under this setting up the dogma of the Assump­ plan Eritrea will be federated with National Council tion of Mary; and a warning against Ethiopia in such a way that the Eri­ efforts of liberal churches to make Organized treans will be autonomous in internal people think there might be some good affairs, but under Ethiopian control in N November 29 in Cleveland the in Communism. the matter of international relations. O National Council of the Churches On December 6 a Philadelphia paper Other solutions, proposed and re­ of Christ in America came into official carried an AP news dispatch stating jected, have included complete inde­ existence. This organization repre­ that the International Council of pendence, complete annexation to sents a merger of eight interdenomin­ Christian Churches had urged Presi­ . Ethiopia, and partition. ational organizations. dent Truman to stand firm against How soon the federated arrangement Formation of the Council, however, appeasement of Communist China, and will be effected cannot be determined required the approval of participating had declared that no moral principles denominations. The list of these de­ at present. Undoubtedly it will cause would be violated by use of the A­ some internal dissension for a while. nominations is as follows: bomb, and that Nationalist Chinese African Methodist Episcopal Church But it should work out in time. troops should be used in Korea. At present there is a certain amount African Methodist Episcopal Zion of internal trouble as between the Church Mohammedans, the Copts and the American Baptist Convention Italians in particular. Bandits, so Church of the Brethren called, have been active in various Choice of Ministry Colored Methodist Episcopal Church areas, including that of Ghinda. On one Made Early in Life Congregational Christian Churches occasion there was much shooting and Danish Evangelical Lutheran throwing of hand grenades in the area HE Rural Church Department Church where the Orthodox Presbyterian mis­ Tof Drew Seminary in Madison, Disciples of Christ sion is located, while the Mahaffy's N. J., has recently released results of Evangelical and Reformed Church were there. Indications are, however, a survey of various factors relating to Evangelical United Brethren that the bandits have tried to make it church life. Some of the information Evangelical Unity of Czech clear they hold nothing against the is interesting-for example: Moravian Brethren Americans, and have not harmed the Nearly two thirds of our ministerial Friends, Five Year Meeting missionaries themselves. students became interested in the min­ Friends of Philadelphia and istry before they were through high Vicinity school. Forty per cent of the boys The Methodist Church were considering the ministry before Moravian Church Breckbill Heads they were 16 years old, and 69 per cent Augustana Lutheran Church American Council before they were 19. National Baptist Convention, USA, Of the people who influenced boys Inc. HE Ninth Annual convention of to enter the ministry, the pastor ranked National Baptist Convention of T.the American Council of Christian first, then the boy's mother and then America Churches was held in Cleveland, Ohio, his father. The survey showed the in­ Presbyterian Church in the U. S. and concluded its sessions on Novem­ fluence of the Sunday school teacher Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. ber 24, a few days before the National in this connection to have been small. Protestant Episcopal Church Council took over the headlines by And it appeared that the "girl friend" Reformed Church in America coming into existence. encouraged the boy toward the minis­ Rumanian Orthodox Episcopate of The Rev. Dr. W. W. Breckbill, try three times as often as she discour­ America pastor of the Evangelical Methodist aged him. Russian Orthodox Church in Church of Altoona, Penna., was chosen The rural church may have been America President of the American Council. the source of ministers in the past, but Seventh Day Baptist General Among the numerous statements times are changing. Of the 1978 Conference

236 The Presbyterian Guardian Syrian Antioch Orthodox Church Still Send Mission by Eerdmans. Dr. Stonehouse of West­ Ukranian Orthodox Church of Funds to China minster Seminary is the editor of the America book, which will be a companion vol­ United Lutheran Church in America HE Foreign Missions Conference ume to God Transcendent, published United Presbyterian Church of Tof North America, in a statement in 1949. North America issued just before it was merged with These twenty-nine denominations the National Council, declared that are reported to include about 32 mil­ Protestant mission boards were still Publication News lion members who are thus reportedly able to transmit funds to churches and represented in the Council. Christian institutions in China. One BOOK of interest t9 missionary Descriptions of the constituting as­ group alone has sent over $200,000 in ,A societies and all Christian people sembly tell of trumpeters sounding a the last two months. There are now is The Lite Story ot Dr. Lee S. fanfare, of a robed "cross-bearer," of a over 1,000 Protestant missionaries in Huizenga, written by L. J. Lamberts blue and white robed male choir, of China. A meeting in Shanghai in and published by Eerdmans. Dr. altar boys carrying the American and late October of the National Christian Huizenga was one of the first mission­ Christian flags, and of other features Council of China announced plans for aries to be sent out by the Christian of ecclesiastical ceremonialism. At some making the church self-supporting in Reformed Church. He pioneered the point in the proceedings, a seminary five years. However it urged con­ work of that church in China. The student carried a large open Bible to tinued support from without during story is told in simple and moving the altar. that period . fashion. Dr. Huizenga was nearly Elected as first president of the new forty before the Church decided to organization was the Rev. Henry Knox send missionaries to China, so that Sherrill, presiding bishop of the Prot­ Considering Chaplains less than half the book deals with the estant Episcopal Church. actual missionary work. Dr. Huizenga Most notable among the larger de­ for Koreon Army died in a Japanese concentration camp nominations which did not join in this ENTATIVE plans for a Christian in Shanghai on July 16, 1945. Book council are the Southern Baptist 'Con­ Tchaplaincy in the South Korean price $2.50. vention with over 6 million members, army were discussed recently in Seoul Eerdmans has also published in re­ and four Lutheran bodies, the Amer­ with President Syngman Rhee, by the print five famous works of Charles ican Lutheran, Missouri Synod, Wis­ U. S. Army Chief of Chaplains. Up Hodge-the Systematic Theology in consin Synod, and Evangelical Luth­ to the present, there have been no three volumes, and the Commentaries erans, totaling together some 3 million official chaplains in the ROK army. on Romans, Ephesians and First and members. President Rhee was reported favour­ Second Corinthians. Hodge was life­ When everything in analyzed, this able to the idea, provided the chaplains long professor of Theology at Prince­ new Council is not much more than were supported by their own denomin­ ton Seminary, from 1820 to 1877, and the old Federal Council with a few ations. is considered the outstanding syste­ added denominations and added pow­ In this connection it was reported matic theologian of Calvinistic persua­ ers. Its theological interest will un­ that a number of native Christian sion in American theological history. doubtedly also be similar to that of pastors and lay workers who have been Price of the books: I Cor. $4.00; II the Federal Council, which means it drafted into military service have Cor. $3.50; Ephesians $4.00; Romans will be modernistic to the core. been conducting services for Christian $5.00; Systematic Theology $15 for soldiers, and doing a quiet but effective three volumes including the index. job of personal evangelism. The Berkeley Version ot the New Malik on Missionaries Testament, a translation from the orig­ inal greek with brief footnotes, by u s SIA'S delegate to the U. N., Gerrit Verkuyl, has been issued in a R Jacob Malik, has become famous Betzold in Korea fifth edition by Zondervan. In a neat for his ability to misinterpret historical H APLAIN John W. Betzold, min­ blue binding, it has an attractive ap­ developments. In a recent debate the C ister of the Orthodox' Presbyterian pearance. The translation is quite dif­ American delegate, Warren Austin, re­ ferent from the familiar King James Church, is with the 7th Division in ferred to American friendship with but is frequently interesting. At points, Korea. He was in the Inchon landing, China and in particular to educational however, the author apparently has moved with the army down to Pusan, and medical mission activities in that tried a little too hard to get away from and was in the landing at W onson on country. Malik's reply was in keeping traditional renderings. But the use of the east coast. At last report he was with his previous procedure. "We all different versions would be helpful to with the Combat Team that had know," said Malik, "that missionaries one engaged in Bible study. Price reached the Yalu River. have always been a weapon of aggres­ $2.50. sion and that they have served to pro­ From Luther to Kierkegaard is the mote the conquests of the ruling circles New Machen Book title of a volume by J. Pelikan, pub­ and to enslave peoples who were a lished by Concordia. The author dis­ source of income." The purpose of A NEW book, containing additional cusses the relation between Lutheran our missions, added Malik, was "to addresses and sermons by Dr. J. theology and philosophical thought, promote the enslavement of China by Gresham Machen, and titled What Is and finds in Kierkegaard perhaps a American Imperialism." Christianity?, is soon to be published beginning for a Lutheran philosophy.

December 15, 1950 237 Dr. Pelikan is, at the age of 27, a tions would eliminate duplication of gram for the evangelization of the un­ teacher of systematic theology in religious effort and provide for an en­ christian masses of the country" Concordia Seminary. He received his riched growth of both groups. The (italics mine). Ph.D. from the Divinity School of ARP Church has about 25,000 mem­ If the Korean church is a church the University of Chicago, where he bers. at all, it not only can but must under­ studied under Wilhelm Pauck, $2.75. take an adequate program for the Albert Hyma, professor of history evangelization not only of Korea but at the University of Michigan, has of the world. The Lord built His written a book on The Brethren of the Kuiper church through the testimony of twelve Common Life. The movement under trained witnesses, whom He sent with­ this name started in the Netherlands (Continued from p. 231) out money and without purse. The in the 14th century, and was of and am not I grieved with those that Korean Church already has many times significance in the days before the rise up against thee? I hate them with that number of trained witnesses who Reformation. Eerdmans. $3.50. perfect hatred" (Psalm 139:21, 22). have also been through the fire of That Ye May Believe, is the title of Not only does this hatred come to ex­ persecution. I believe the Korean a series of eighteen messages on the pression in the so-called imprecatory church has both the message and the Apostles' Creed, which were delivered psalms of the Old Testament, the method, and the blessing of God which by Peter H. Eldersveld, radio minister spirits of just men made perfect in the make it a fit instrument to witness of the Christian Reformed Church, on church triumphant declare it. The unaided not only to the non-Christians the Back-to-God Radio Hour of that souls of the martyred saints under the of Korea but to the ends of the earth. denomination. Eerdmans. $2.50. altar in heaven cry with a loud voice: As evidence of this, note the follow­ "How long, 0 Lord, holy and true, ing. (I) Immediately after the war the Korean Presbyterian and Methodist dost thou not judge and avenge our blood on them that dwell on the churches, un-aided by the missionaries, Korean Church Leaders earth?" (Rev. 6:9, 10). And when discarded the unholy union of all de­ nominations which had been forced Disappear the seer on Patmos saw Babylon de­ stroyed, he heard a great voice of much upon them by the pagan Japanese government and was thus "consum­ U. P. news dispatch reported in people in heaven, saying: "Alleluia; mated under the wrong auspices," as the New York Times on Decem­ salvation and glory and honor and A even the Christian Century writer ber 12 stated that half of the Christian power unto the Lord our God: for admits. leaders in Korea have disappeared, and true and righteous are his judgments: (2) Having regained their previous many may have been liquidated. for he hath judged the great whore status of separate denominations, they Apparently the intellectual leaders of which did corrupt the earth with her respectively sought to rid themselves of the country were rounded up by the fornication and hath avenged the blood the soul-defiling results of Shrine wor­ Communists. This included educators, of his servants at her hand." And ship and all its accompanying evils. musicians, doctors, nurses, and espec­ again they said: "Alleluia" (Rev. This was accomplished with more or 19:1-3). ially leaders of the Christian church. less success on the congregational and In Seoul, for example, some fifty As the actuality and the absoluteness in some cases presbyterial level, though church leaders, including 13 Methodist of the antithesis of the church and the struggle is still going on. pastors, have not been heard from since the world reveal the glory of the (3) The strength of the church is they went to a meeting called by the church, so does the activity of that demonstrated in the fact that the mis­ Communists last July. antithesis. If the church were less sionaries to whom it used to look for Destruction of church property in holy than it is, the world would per­ help and guidance in former years have Seoul and other places was extensive. secute it less violently and it would in many cases assumed the role of by­ The Christian Literature Society build­ oppose the world less actively. The standers in this struggle-attempting ing, the Bible House, the Y.M.C.A., active character of the antithesis results to be neutral in a cause where neu­ and a dozen or so Presbyterian directly and inevitably from the trality almost seemed to "give consent" churches were either destroyed or badly church's holiness and thus reflects the to the evil. The reformers could not damaged. church's resplendent glory. count on the missionaries as sure allies. What reform they have carried out has had to be on their own. Furthermore the World Council Call for Union with Korean Missions elements and the large denominational Southern Presbyterians boards have hindered this work of (Continued from p. 226) reform by minimizing the necessity AYMEN from 14 Associate Re­ for it and by trying to urge the con­ L formed Presbyterian Churches in "Nevius methods" of missionary work tinuance of the union in spite of the two counties want their denomination for which the Korean mission field is wrong auspices under which it was to unite with the Presbyterian Church noted. started. They have reorganized the in the U. S. (Southern). A petition I challenge the statement that "for mission work and centralized power so to this effect has been sent to their many years the Korean churches, that it can be more directly controlled denominational synod. The laymen whether united or divided, will be from the Board rooms in America. All said that union of the two denomina- unable to undertake any adequate pro- this is done with a great show of big

238 The Presbyterian Guardian names and big money: Stanley Jones, church at the South gate, were both Brunner, Mackay and others have been destroyed during the recent fighting, recent visitors to Korea and the large and at the present writing we have had gifts for relief and rehabilitation have no word of Dr. Kim's whereabouts. proved to be plums which have taken Rumors have it that he was liquidated up an undue amount of time and by the Communists.) debate in high and low church courts (5) After the war, and before the where debate on Reform still needed return of the missionaries, the Korean to be the first order on the docket. Christians went about the work of re­ While what the Christian Century opening churches which had been calls the "ultra-fundamentalists" have closed by the Japanese; of rebuilding taken sides, their number is small, churches which had been torn down; their finances limited, and the cries and at a time when there was a critical of the pack calling them "heretics," shortage of building materials, and few Yes, I believe the Korean church is "schismatists," "Machenites," "legal­ people could afford to build, the church able to undertake an adequate program ists," "dead orthodox," "Pharisees," in a spirit of thankfulness to God for for the evangelization of the unchris­ "fanatics," has troubled the little man deliverance and of reconsecration, was tian masses, unaided from the outside, in the pew and caused him to distrust ahead of others in repair and redecora­ because as Christians they must-"Ye them, too. tion, which was done at great sacrifice. shall be witnesses ... unto the utter­ Thus the spiritual element in Korea, God's houses must be fixed before most part of the earth." shorn of its dependence on missionaries their own. While, by the Power of God, they and the mother churches - a good More than this there was a great can do it alone, God has made them thing-is having to work out its own urge on the part of the Christians to our brothers and sisters and it is our salvation with fear and trembling, but win their .whole country for Christ. privilege and as far as God allows our it is working it out. When paper was bad and printing ex­ duty to help them fulfill this great (4) Immediately after the war, pensive, the Christians had tracts made mission. Korea is in a tactically im­ before the missionaries returned, a and went out in the streets and into portant position, in the middle of movement was begun, known as the buses and trains to preach the gospel. North East Asia. Her people know "3,000,000 souls Revival Movement." Men who had. languished in prison many languages. If we can stand with This was born in the tear-drenched for five years under the Japanese came them in declaring a Gospel which not meetings of repentance and gratitude out to start Bible Institutes and Sem­ only has a form of godliness, but re­ in the South Gate Church in Seoul inaries without any help from western fuses to deny the power thereof, I under the leadership of a Westminster churches. believe we may expect to see great Seminary graduate, the Rev. Chi Sun (6) Orphanages, leper colonies, and things by the grace of God in the near Kim. Dr. Kim himself had compro­ hospitals were continued during the future. mised under the Japanese but repented war amidst unspeakable handicaps, or publicly and sincerely, declaring that reopened at the close of the war from now on he had nothing but tears by Christians without help from the to offer his Lord. (Carefully analyzed western churches. this statement is not without fault, but (7) The young people in high Index· 1950 its spirit will be understood by devout schools and colleges are keenly awake Arliclell souls.) He then went on to organize to the religious issues of the day, and Andrews, E. W.: Letter from Formosa; 176 the penitent laymen and leaders alike almost fanatical in their zeal for Christ. Atwell, R. L.: The Christian in High School; in this effort to present to the Lord Over a thousand young folks in Pusan 94 three million souls, one tenth of the helped to distribute Gospels of John to --: French Creek Bible Conference; 135 Bellinger, V.: Sure Foundation of our Faith; masses of Korea, as a token of grati­ more than 60,000 homes just before tude. This movement, a purely Korean the outbreak of the current war. The 66 Blakemore, Miss B.: Teaching Junior Boys; movement in both conception and ex­ Bible study and prayer preceding this 129 ecution, reached all over South Korea. distribution, together with the actual ---: The Primary Class; 169 For some strange reason, the mission­ work of witnessing and the special Bradford, E.: Communicant Membership and aries at large and the National Council meetings which accompanied and fol­ Church Attendance; 74 by-passed this movement and set up lowed the distribution, were all used --: Communicant Membership and their own "Save the Nation Preaching of God to bring on a revival of true Church Government; 54 Mission" in 1950. However, when Bob religion. Also over 3,000 people gave ---: Youth and Church Membership; 14 Pierce of the Youth for Christ came to their names and addresses as desiring Churchill, R. K.: Those Preachers' Kids; 194 Korea under the auspices of the Na­ to become Christians. Clelland, Winifred: Vacation Opportunity, the tional Council's preaching mission this (8) When the current war broke out, Summer Bible School; 65 Colburn, B.: How About a Teacher Training spring Dr. Kim put the facilities of the Korean church went to its knees. Program? 9 his newly erected tabernacle by the I myself witnessed an all night prayer --: Occupied or Edified? 89 South Gate in Seoul at the disposal of meeting attended by 200 persons on ---: Promote Class Discussion; 49 the National Council's mission, and it the day the war started. From all ---: Shorten Those Opening Exercises; 29 was here that Bob Pierce held some of reports, the war has caused the work of ---: Tell Them a Story; 69 his most publicized meetings. (This repentance and reform only to blaze up Crawford, Emma C.: A Word to the Wise; 33 tabernacle, by the way, and Dr. Kim's more brightly. Cry for He! p from Korea; 175

De~~mber 15, 1950 289 \ J

Davies, John: A Teacher Looks at the Schools; Westminster Commencement; 114 World of Tomorrow (S); 103 75 Young, E. J.: The Covenant Constitution; 87 Arthur W. Machen (S); 104 Dedication Services for Westchester Building; ---: They Saw God; 174 Reflections on 17th Assembly (C); 104 20 War and Peace (S); 123 5 Features Duff, C. W.: Some Questions About Methods Southern Presbytery Property (S); 124 in Missionary Work; 186 Cummings, C.: Meditations Sermon on the Mount (S); 143 Dunn, Leslie A.: They That Go Down to the The Hidden God; 2 Princeton and the Bible (K); 144 Sea; 107 Love Covers a Multitude of Sins; 22 Lawrence B. Gilmore (S); 144 Dunn, M. H.: How to Get New Pupils; 9 What is Your Life? 42 Your Church and You (S); 163 ---: Keep Teen-agers Interested; 29 Because I Live; 62 UMT Not the Answer (S); 164 ---: Visit Those Absentees; 49 ·Look Unto Me; 82 Missions (S); 164 Eldersveld, P.: Our Threefold Witness; 125, Perfect Peace; 102 No Other Way (S); 183 148 Jesus, Sovereign of the Sea; 122 We Have Only Begun to Fight (C); 184 ---: You Cannot Wash Your Hands of Behold God's Love; 142 Let Us Give Thanks (S); 203 Jesus; 85 Life is Worth Living; 162 Membership in International Council (K); 204 Eyres, Lawrence R.: The Machen League Casting Out Fear; 182 God With Us (S); 223 Meeting; 34, 54 All This and Heaven, Too; 202 Pharisaism (M); 224 ---: Outside Activities of the Machen Strength Thru Weakness; 222 League; 74 Gaffin, Mrs. R. B.: Missions Page; 12, 32, 52, ---: A Strong Machen League; 14 72, 92, 112, 132, 152, 172, 192,212,232 Ferguson, Mrs. W. R.: Long Range Planning; Kuiper, R. B.: Glory of the Christian Church ( II3 Preacher of Good Tidings; 10 SUNDAY SCHOOL Gaffin, R. B.: The Church in Communist Preacher of the Grace of God; 30 I China; 213 Preacher of Christian Gratitude; 50 PAPERS Goddard, Burton L.: Old Testament Introduc- Preacher of the Kingship of Christ; 70 • I tion; 7 Its Sacraments; 90 Edited by Orthodox Bible Teacher. Healy, Frances: A Strange Church Service; 109 Its Holy Children; IIO Huang, C. Y.: The Church of Christ in For­ Teacher of Its Covenant Youth; 130 Flannelgraph Pictures mosa; 152 Teacher of Its Communicant Members; Hunt Family Leaves Korea; 145 150 and Helps Hunt, B. F.: Save Korean Missions, Indeed! Teacher of Those Without the Fold; 170 225 Conveyor of Comfort to Troubled Souls; CHRISTIAN REFORMED PUBLISHING HOUSE International Council 190 Has Over 450 Delegates; 168 The Scriptural Agency for Evangelism; Grand Rapids, Mich. Proposed Preamble Not Adopted; 198 210 . Statement on True Ecumenicity; 198 Antithesis of the World; 230 Statement on Evangelism; 200 Editorials Kellogg, Eleanor: Conference Blessings; 154 ---: Summer Sabbaths; 134 Should Protestants Unite? (S); 3 Kerr, David W.: Church Union in Canada; Let's Be Positive (M); 4 A Word of Thanks (S); 4 GO W N 5 167, 187 Pulpit and Choir· Korea Presbyterian Assembly Blocked; 114 Should Conservatives Unite? (S); 23 ., . Klooster, Fred: On the Road to Rome; 207, Dr. Walter A. Maier (K); 24 -I Headquarters for 228 Mercy Killing (C); 24 "~'~-{'. RELIGIOUS SUPPLIES Korea Seminary Leaders Welcome UN Army; Calvinists Can and Do Cooperate (S); 43 RI Science and the Bible (S); 44 165 Kuschke, A. W., [r.: Seventeenth General Christian Joy (S); 44 Jesus Christ Is Risen Indeed (S); 63 ~t Assembly; 105 Tut, Tut, Mr. Velikovsky (K); 64 __ ~j\ \~,A Mahaffy, F.: Five Languages for Bible Study; I:.i,(.•.•• "c';" CATALOG ON REQUEST •. u Revivals (M); 64 I 209 nlali~na.. ~:~;;~ ~g~::NY Seminary Training-For What (S); 83 )f5i Male, J.: Greatest Threat to Christian Educa­ 821_23 ARCH STIiEIT, PHilADELPHIA 7, PA tion; 129 General Assembly Prospect (S); 84 Marsden, R. S.: Religion in Schools Debate; 25 Marston, G. W.: Address to Christian Re­ formed Synod; 146 ORDER 'FORM Milling, C.: Have You Tried Reaching the Parents? 69 THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN ---: Here Comes Summer; 109 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia 2, Pa. Music in the Sunday Schools; 89 Dear sirs: Murray, John: That They May All Be One; Enclosed find $2.00 for which please send The Presbyterian Guardian 45 for one year to: Oliver, L.: Leading the Meeting; 94 ---: Making the Meeting Interesting; 134 Name. Quiz on Korea; 233 Stonehouse. N. B.: Reformed Ecumenical Address...... Synod; 5, 27, 47 ---: Appraising International Council; 226 Tavares, H.: And They Crucify Him; 46 VanTil, C.: Reading, Hearing and Keeping The Presbyterian Guardian is a Inonthly maqazine eommitted to statinq, defendinq, and the Word of God; 185 promoting orthodox Presbyterianism as set forth in the Westminster Confession of Faith.

240 The Presbyterian Guardian