Growing Naturally in Sudan No

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Growing Naturally in Sudan No 50 REPORTS FORESTRY TROPICAL UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI Viikki Tropical Resources Institute Viikki Tropical Resources Institute VITRI UNIVERSITYVITRI OF HELSINKI Viikki Tropical Resources Institute TROPICAL FORESTRY REPORTS VITRI TROPICAL FORESTRY REPORTS No.No. 37 32 Husgafvel,Laxén, J. 2007.R. 2010. Is prosopis Global aand curse EU or governance a blessing? for– An sustainable ecological-economic forest management with special TROPICAL FORESTRY REPORTS referenceanalysis to of capacity an invasive building alien in tree Ethiopi speciesa and in SouthernSudan. Doctoral Sudan. thesis.Doctoral thesis. 34 No.No. 38 33 Walter,Katila, K. P. 2011. 2008. Prosopis, Devolution an alienof forest-related among the sacred rights: trees Comparative of South analysesIndia. Doctoral of six developing thesis. 50 No. 39 Kalame,countries. F.B. Doctoral2011. Forest thesis. governance and climate change adaptation: Case studies of four African No. 34 countries.Reyes, T.Doctoral 2008. Agroforestry thesis. systems for sustainable livelihoods and improved Ethnobotan No. 40 Paavola,land management M. 2012. The in impact the East of villageUsambara development Mountains, funds Tanzania. on community Doctoral welfare thesis. in the Lao People’s and No. 35 DemocraticZhou, P. 2008.Republic. Landscape-scale Doctoral thesis. soil erosion modelling and ecological restoration for a Anogeissus No. 41 Omoro,mountainous Loice M.A. watershed 2012. Impacts in Sichuan, of indigenous China. Doctoral and exotic thesis. tree species on ecosystem services: Case No. 36 studyHares, on the M. mountain& Luukkanen, cloud O. forests 2008. ofResearch Taita Hills, Collaboration Kenya. Doctoral on Responsible thesis. Natural Resource No. 42 Alam,Management, S.A. 2013. TheCarbon 1st UniPID stocks, Workshop. greenhouse gas emissions and water balance of Sudanese savannah of and antimicrobial activity phytochemistry y, No. 37 woodlandsHusgafvel, in R.relation 2010. to Global climate and change. EU governance Doctoral forthesis. sustainable forest management with No. 43 Rantala,special S. reference 2013. The to winding capacity road building from inexclusion Ethiopia to and ownership: Southern Governance Sudan. Doctoral and social thesis. outcomes in in Sudan naturally species (Combretaceae) growing contemporary forest conservation in northeastern Tanzania. Doctoral thesis. No. 38 Walter, K. 2011. Prosopis, an alien among the sacred trees of South India. Doctoral thesis. No. 44 Negash, M. 2013. The indigenous agroforestry systems of the south-eastern Rift Valley escarpment, No. 39 Kalame, F.B. 2011. Forest governance and climate change adaptation: Case studies of four Ethiopia: Their biodiversity, carbon stocks, and litterfall. Doctoral thesis. No. 45 Kallio,African M.H. countries. 2013. Factors Doctoral influencing thesis. farmers’ tree planting and management activity in four case No. 40 studiesPaavola, in Indonesia. M. 2012. DoctoralThe impact thesis. of village development funds on community welfare in the No. 46 Etongo,Lao People’s B.D. 2016. Democratic Deforestation Republic. and forestDoctoral degradation thesis. in southern Burkina Faso: Understanding the No. 41 driversOmoro, of change Loice M.A. and options2012. Impacts for revegetation. of indigenous Doctoral and exoticthesis. tree species on ecosystem No. 47 Tekleservices: Tegegne, Case Y. study 2016. on FLEGT the mountain and REDD+ cloud synergiesforests of andTaita impacts Hills, Kenya. in the DoctoralCongo Basin: thesis. lessons for No. 42 globalAlam, forest S.A. governance.2013. Carbon Doctoral stocks, thesis.greenhouse gas emissions and water balance of Sudanese No. 48 Fahmi,savannah M.K.M. woodlands 2017. Climate, in relation trees to and climate agricultural change. practices: Doctoral thesis.Implications for food security in the No. 43 semi-aridRantala, zone S. 2013. of Sudan. The winding Doctoral road thesis from (limited exclusion distribution). to ownership: Governance and social No. 49 Abaker,outcomes W. 2018. in contemporary Linkages between forest conservation carbon seque instration, northeastern soil fertility Tanzania. and Doctoral hydrology thesis. in dryland No. 44 AcaciaNegash, senegal M. 2013. plantations The indigenous in Sudan: agroforestrya chronosequence systems study. of the Doctoral south-eastern thesis (limited Rift Valley distribution). No. 50 Salih,escarpment, E. 2019. Ethiopia:Ethnobotany, Their phytochemistry biodiversity, carbon and antimicrobial stocks, and litterfall. activity Doctoralof Combretum thesis., Terminalia No. 45 andKallio,Anogeissus M.H. 2013. species Factors (Combretaceae) influencing growing farmers’ naturally tree planting Sudan and (limited management distribution). activity in four case studies in Indonesia. Doctoral thesis. No. 46 Etongo, B.D. 2016. Deforestation and forest degradation in southern Burkina Faso: Terminalia Combretum, Understanding the drivers of change and options for revegetation. Doctoral thesis. No. 47 Tekle Tegegne, Y. 2016. FLEGT and REDD+ synergies and impacts in the Congo Basin: lessons for global forest governance. Doctoral thesis. No. 48 Fahmi, M.K.M. 2017. Climate, trees and agricultural practices: Implications for food security in the semi-arid zone of Sudan. Doctoral thesis (limited distribution). No. 49 Abaker, W.E.A. 2018. Linkages between carbon sequestration, soil fertility and hydrology in dryland Acacia senegal plantations of varying age in Sudan. Doctoral thesis (limited distribution). ISBN 978-951-51-5420-0 (paperback) ISBN 978-951-51-5421-7 (PDF) ISBN 978-951-51-4258-0 (paperback) ISBN 978-951-51-4259-7ISSN 0786-8170 (PDF) ISSN 0786-8170 Helsinki 2019 Helsinki 2018 ISBN 978-951-51-5420-0 (paperback) HelsinkiHelsinki University PrintingPrinting House House EnassTeija ReyesYousif Abdelkarim SALIH ISBN 978-951-51-5421-7 (PDF) ISSN 0786-8170 Ethnobotany,Agroforestry phytochemistrysystems for sustainable and antimicrobial livelihoods activity and improved of Combretum, Terminalia Helsinki 2019 land management in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania Unigrafa and Anogeissus species (Combretaceae) growing naturally in Sudan UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI No. 15 Mustafa, A. F. 1997. Regeneration of Acacia seyal forests on the dryland of the Sudan clay plain. UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI Doctoral thesis. Viikki Tropical Resources Institute No. 16 El Fadl, M. A. 1997. Management of Prosopis juliflora for use in agroforestry systems in the Sudan. Viikki TropicalVITRI Resources Institute Doctoral thesis. VITRI No. 17 Kaarakka, V. & Holmberg, G. 1999. Environmental conflicts and development cooperation with special reference to conservation and sustainable management of tropical forests. No. 18 Li, C. 1999. Drought adaptation and genetic diversity in Eucalyptus microtheca. Doctoral thesis (limited distribution). No. 19 Suoheimo, J. 1999. Natural regeneration of sal (Shorea robusta) in the Terai region, Nepal. Doctoral thesis. No. 20 Koskela, J. 2000. Growth of grass-stage Pinus merkusii seedlings as affected by interaction between structure and function. Doctoral thesis (limited distribution). TROPICALTROPICAL FORESTRYFORESTRY REPORTSREPORTS No. 21 Otsamo, R. 2000. Integration of indigenous tree species into fast-growing forest plantations on Imperata grasslands in Indonesia - Silvicultural solutions and their ecological and practical implications. Doctoral thesis (limited distribution). ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ No. 22 Koskela, J., Nygren, P., Berninger, F. & Luukkanen, O. 2000. Implications of the Kyoto Protocol for tropical forest management and land use: prospects and pitfalls. TROPICALTROPICAL FORESTRY FORESTRY REPORTS REPORTS contains contains (mainly(mainly in English) doctoral doctoral dissertations, No. 23 Otsamo, A. 2001. Forest plantations on Imperata grassland in Indonesia – Establishment, silviculture dissertations,original research original reports, research seminar reports, proceedings seminar and proceedings research project and research reviews and utilization potential. Doctoral thesis (limited distribution). projectconnected reviews with connected Finnish-supported with Finnish-supported international development international cooperation in No. 24 Eshetu Yirdaw 2002. Restoration of the native woody-species diversity, using plantation developmentthe field of cooperationforestry. in the field of forestry. species as foster trees, in the degraded highlands of Ethiopia. Doctoral thesis. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ No. 25 Appiah, M. 2003. Domestication of an indigenous tropical forest tree: Silvicultural and socio- economic studies on Iroko (Milicia excelsa) in Ghana. Doctoral thesis. Viikki Tropical Resources Institute (VITRI) PublisherPublisher Viikki Tropical Resources Institute (VITRI) No. 26 Gaafar Mohamed, A. 2005. Improvement of traditional Acacia senegal agroforestry: P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Ecophysiological characteristics as indicators for tree-crop interaction in western Sudan. Doctoral (address for exchange, sale and inquiries) (address_____________________________________________________________________________ for exchange, sale and inquiries) thesis. _____________________________________________________________________________ No. 27 Glover, Edinam K. 2005. Tropical dryland rehabilitation:
Recommended publications
  • Walnut Polyphenol
    ORYZA OIL & FAT CHEMICAL CO., L TD. WALNUT POLYPHENOL Hepatoprotective & Anti-oxidative Extract For Metabolic Syndrome ■ WALNUT POLYPHENOL-P10,P30 (Powder,Food Grade) ■ WALNUT POLYPHENOL-WSP10 (Water-soluble Powder,Food Grade) ■ WALNUT POLYPHENOL-PC10,PC30 (Powder,Cosmetic Grade) ■ WALNUT POLYPHENOL-WSPC10 (Water-soluble Powder,Cosmetic Grade) ■ WALNUT POLYPHENOL-LC (Water-soluble Liquid,Cosmetic Grade) ■ WALNUT SEED OIL (Oil,Food & Cosmetic Grade) ORYZA OIL & FAT CHEMICAL CO., LTD ver. 1.0 HS WALNUT POLYPHENOL ver.1.0 HS WALNUT POLYPHENOL Hepatoprotective & Anti-oxidative Extract For Metabolic Syndrome 1. Introduction Recently, there is an increased awareness on metabolic syndrome – a condition characterized by a group of metabolic risk factors in one person. They include abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, insulin resistance, prothrombotic state & proinflammatory state. The dominant underlying risk factors appear to be abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. In addition, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most commonly associated “liver” manifestation of metabolic syndrome which can progress to advance liver disease (e.g. cirrhosis) with associated morbidity and mortality. Lifestyle therapies such as weight loss significantly improve all aspects of metabolic syndrome, as well as reducing progression of NAFLD and cardiovascular mortality. Walnut (Juglans regia L. seed) is one the most popular nuts consumed in the world. It is loaded in polyunsaturated fatty acids – linoleic acid (LA), oleic acid and α-linolenic acid (ALA), an ω3 fatty acid. It has been used since ancient times and epidemiological studies have revealed that incorporating walnuts in a healthy diet reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Recent investigations reported that walnut diet improves the function of blood vessels and lower serum cholesterol.
    [Show full text]
  • Tannic Acid-Based Prepolymer Systems for Enhanced Intumescence in Epoxy Thermosets
    Cite this article Themed Issue: Sustainable flame Keywords: environmental impact/green Korey M, Johnson A, Webb W et al. (2020) retarded materials polymers/sustainable materials Tannic acid-based prepolymer systems for enhanced intumescence in epoxy thermosets. Paper 1900061 Green Materials 8(3): 150–161, Received 29/09/2019; Accepted 05/03/2020 https://doi.org/10.1680/jgrma.19.00061 Published online 06/04/2020 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved Green Materials Tannic acid-based prepolymer systems for enhanced intumescence in epoxy thermosets Matthew Korey Mark Dietenberger Graduate Research Assistant, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Research General Engineer, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA (Orcid:0000-0002-2285-5646) Jeffrey Youngblood Alexander Johnson Professor, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Undergraduate Research Assistant, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA (Orcid:0000-0002-8720-8642) William Webb John Howarter Staff, Career Academy, San Diego, CA, USA Associate Professor, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA (corresponding author: [email protected]) Tannic acid (TA) is a bio-based high-molecular-weight organic molecule. Although biologically sourced, TA is a pollutant in industrial wastewater streams, and there is desire to find applications in which to downcycle this molecule. Many flame retardants (FRs) used in epoxy are synthesized from petroleum-based monomers. Various bio-based modifiers have been developed, but increasing the flame retardancy of the system without trade-offs with other properties has proved challenging. In this work, TA is incorporated into the thermoset. The molecular behavior of the system was dependent on the TA loading, with low concentrations causing the molecule to be surface-functionalized, while at higher concentrations the molecule was cross-linked into the network.
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Plants in the Traditional Management of Diabetes in Nigeria: Pharmacological and Toxicological Considerations
    Journal of Ethnopharmacology 155 (2014) 857–924 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Ethnopharmacology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jep Review The use of plants in the traditional management of diabetes in Nigeria: Pharmacological and toxicological considerations Udoamaka F. Ezuruike n, Jose M. Prieto 1 Center for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, WC1N 1AX London, United Kingdom article info abstract Article history: Ethnopharmacological relevance: The prevalence of diabetes is on a steady increase worldwide and it is Received 15 November 2013 now identified as one of the main threats to human health in the 21st century. In Nigeria, the use of Received in revised form herbal medicine alone or alongside prescription drugs for its management is quite common. We hereby 26 May 2014 carry out a review of medicinal plants traditionally used for diabetes management in Nigeria. Based on Accepted 26 May 2014 the available evidence on the species' pharmacology and safety, we highlight ways in which their Available online 12 June 2014 therapeutic potential can be properly harnessed for possible integration into the country's healthcare Keywords: system. Diabetes Materials and methods: Ethnobotanical information was obtained from a literature search of electronic Nigeria databases such as Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus up to 2013 for publications on medicinal plants Ethnopharmacology used in diabetes management, in which the place of use and/or sample collection was identified as Herb–drug interactions Nigeria. ‘Diabetes’ and ‘Nigeria’ were used as keywords for the primary searches; and then ‘Plant name – WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy accepted or synonyms’, ‘Constituents’, ‘Drug interaction’ and/or ‘Toxicity’ for the secondary searches.
    [Show full text]
  • Punica Granatum L
    Research Article Studies on antioxidant activity of red, white, and black pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel extract using DPPH radical scavenging method Uswatun Chasanah[1]* 1 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malangg, Malang, East Java, Indonesia * Corresponding Author’s Email: [email protected] ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) has high antioxidant activity. In Received September 1, 2020 Indonesia, there are red pomegranate, white pomegranate, and black Revised January 7, 2021 pomegranate. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant Accepted January 14, 2021 activity of red pomegranate peel extract, white pomegranate peel extract, Published February 1, 2021 and black pomegranate peel extract. The extracts prepared by ultrasonic maceration in 96% ethanol, then evaporated until thick extract was Keywords obtained and its antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH Antioxidant radical scavenging method. This study showed that all pomegranate peel Black pomegranate extract varieties have potent antioxidant activity and the black Red pomegranate pomegranate peel extract has the highest antioxidant power. White pomegranate Peel extract DPPH Doi 10.22219/farmasains.v5i2.13472 1. INTRODUCTION Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) belongs to the Puricaceae family, a plant originating from the Middle East (Rana, Narzary & Ranade, 2010). All parts of the pomegranate, such as fruit (fruit juice, fruit seeds, peel fruit), leaves, flowers, roots, and bark, have therapeutic effects such as neuroprotective, antioxidant, repair vascular damage, and anti-inflammatory. The clinical application of this plant used in cancers, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, carotid artery stenosis, myocardial perfusion, periodontal disease, bacterial infections, ultraviolet radiation, erectile dysfunction, male infertility, neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and obesity (Jurenka, 2008; Mackler, Heber & Cooper, 2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology of Kinkéliba (Combretum
    CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF KINKÉLIBA (COMBRETUM MICRANTHUM), A WEST AFRICAN MEDICINAL PLANT By CARA RENAE WELCH A Dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Medicinal Chemistry written under the direction of Dr. James E. Simon and approved by ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey January, 2010 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Chemistry and Pharmacology of Kinkéliba (Combretum micranthum), a West African Medicinal Plant by CARA RENAE WELCH Dissertation Director: James E. Simon Kinkéliba (Combretum micranthum, Fam. Combretaceae) is an undomesticated shrub species of western Africa and is one of the most popular traditional bush teas of Senegal. The herbal beverage is traditionally used for weight loss, digestion, as a diuretic and mild antibiotic, and to relieve pain. The fresh leaves are used to treat malarial fever. Leaf extracts, the most biologically active plant tissue relative to stem, bark and roots, were screened for antioxidant capacity, measuring the removal of a radical by UV/VIS spectrophotometry, anti-inflammatory activity, measuring inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, and glucose-lowering activity, measuring phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) mRNA expression in an H4IIE rat hepatoma cell line. Radical oxygen scavenging activity, or antioxidant capacity, was utilized for initially directing the fractionation; highlighted subfractions and isolated compounds were subsequently tested for anti-inflammatory and glucose-lowering activities. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of the crude leaf extract were fractionated leading to the isolation and identification of a number of polyphenolic ii compounds.
    [Show full text]
  • Biomolecules
    biomolecules Article Tannic Acid Improves Renal Function Recovery after Renal Warm Ischemia–Reperfusion in a Rat Model Louise Alechinsky 1, Frederic Favreau 2,3, Petra Cechova 4 , Sofiane Inal 1,5, Pierre-Antoine Faye 2,3, Cecile Ory 1, Raphaël Thuillier 1,5,6,7 , Benoit Barrou 1, Patrick Trouillas 8, Jerome Guillard 9 and Thierry Hauet 1,5,6,7,* 1 INSERM, U1082 IRTOMIT, 86021 Poitiers, France; [email protected] (L.A.); sofi[email protected] (S.I.); [email protected] (C.O.); [email protected] (R.T.); [email protected] (B.B.) 2 Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, EA 6309 “Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques”, 87025 Limoges, France; [email protected] (F.F.); [email protected] (P.-A.F.) 3 CHU de Limoges, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, 87042 Limoges, France 4 University Palacký of Olomouc, RCPTM, Dept Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic; [email protected] 5 CHU de Poitiers, Laboratoire de Biochimie, 86021 Poitiers, France 6 Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 86073 Poitiers, France 7 Département Hospitalo-Universitaire de Transplantation SUPORT, 86021 Poitiers, France 8 Inserm, UMR 1248, Fac. Pharmacy, Univ. Limoges, 87025 Limoges, France; [email protected] 9 Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285 IC2MP, Team 5 Organic Chemistry, 86073 Poitiers, France; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 11 February 2020; Accepted: 9 March 2020; Published: 12 March 2020 Abstract: Background and purpose: Ischemia–reperfusion injury is encountered in numerous processes such as cardiovascular diseases or kidney transplantation; however, the latter involves cold ischemia, different from the warm ischemia found in vascular surgery by arterial clamping.
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-Candida Targets and Cytotoxicity of Casuarinin Isolated from Plinia Cauliflora Leaves in a Bioactivity-Guided Study
    Molecules 2013, 18, 8095-8108; doi:10.3390/molecules18078095 OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Article Anti-Candida Targets and Cytotoxicity of Casuarinin Isolated from Plinia cauliflora Leaves in a Bioactivity-Guided Study Tatiana M. Souza-Moreira 1, Juliana A. Severi 1,†, Keunsook Lee 2, Kanya Preechasuth 2, Emerson Santos 1, Neil A. R. Gow 2, Carol A. Munro 2, Wagner Vilegas 3 and Rosemeire C. L. R. Pietro 1,* 1 Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rodovia Araraquara-Jau, km 1, Araraquara, 14801-902, São Paulo, Brazil; E-Mails: [email protected] (T.M.S.M.); [email protected] (J.A.S.); [email protected] (E.S.) 2 Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK; E-Mails: [email protected] (K.L.); [email protected] (K.P.); [email protected] (N.A.R.G.); [email protected] (C.A.M.) 3 Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, R. Francisco Degni s/n, Araraquara, 14800-900, São Paulo, Brazil; E-Mail: [email protected] (W.V.) † Nowadays this author is at Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, UFES-Univ Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, Guararema, 29500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-16-3301-6965; Fax: +55-16-3301-6990. Received: 27 May 2013; in revised form: 5 July 2013 / Accepted: 5 July 2013 / Published: 9 July 2013 Abstract: In addition to the bio-guided investigation of the antifungal activity of Plinia cauliflora leaves against different Candida species, the major aim of the present study was the search for targets on the fungal cell.
    [Show full text]
  • Conductometric Study of the Acidity Properties of Tannic Acid (Chinese Tannin)
    Journal of the UniversityL. Costadinnova, of Chemical M. Hristova, Technology T. Kolusheva, and Metallurgy, N. Stoilova 47, 3, 2012, 289-296 CONDUCTOMETRIC STUDY OF THE ACIDITY PROPERTIES OF TANNIC ACID (CHINESE TANNIN) L. Costadinnova1, M. Hristova1, T. Kolusheva1, N. Stoilova2 1 University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy Received 22 May 2012 8 Kl. Ohridski, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria Accepted 12 June 2012 2 CLVCE, Department of VMP Analysis, 5 Iskarsko shose Blvd., Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Two tannic acids are studied (H T, n = 52), C H O , with average molar mass 1701.20 g mol-1. Using their UV and n 76 52 46 IR spectra it is shown that they have identical composition with respect to their functional groups, while by potentiometric and conductometric titration their structure of chinese tannin is verified and the relations between the acidity constants K > K K ... are determined. The absence of gallic acid is proved by HPLC. The conformational flexibility of the a1 a2 : a3 : tannin molecule is used to measure the stepwise constant K . By direct conductometry the acids were studied in the a1 concentration range of 5.00x10-4 to 5.00x10-2 mol l-1. The latter is determined from the Onsager-Shedlovsky relation. The molar conductivity of the ions − for the infinitely dilute solutions of the two tannic acids is found to be 55.2 and HTn1− 64.3 S L mol-1 cm-1. The degree of dissociation á in the studied concentration range varies from 0.03 to 0.3. The results for the acidity constant exponent pK are generalised using variance analysis, yielding ±∆ = ± , n = a1 pKa1 pK a1 4.19 0.02 26.
    [Show full text]
  • Universita' Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico Ii
    UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI FEDERICO II DIPARTIMENTO DI AGRARIA Dottorato di Ricerca in Scienze e Tecnologie delle Produzioni Agroalimentari XXVI Ciclo Effect of size and toasting degree of oak chips on the ellagitannins content and on acutissimin formation in wine model solution and in red wine Coordinatore Prof. Giancarlo Barbieri Tutor Candidata: Prof. Raffaele Romano Dott.sa Laura Le Grottaglie 1 1 UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI FEDERICO II XXVI DOTTORATO IN SCIENZE E TECNOLOGIE DELLE PRODUZIONI AGRO-ALIMENTARI UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI FEDERICO II XXVI DOTTORATO IN SCIENZE E TECNOLOGIE DELLE PRODUZIONI AGRO-ALIMENTARI Guardai il cielo: la via Lattea si stendeva sopra di me, mostrando l’immenso cammino che dovevamo percorrere. In un altro momento, questa immensità avrebbe suscitato in me una grande angoscia, una paura terribile di non poter ottenere niente, di essere troppo piccolo per quell’impresa. Ma quel giorno io ero una semente ed ero nato di nuovo. Avevo scoperto che, nonostante il conforto della terra e del sonno che stavo dormendo, la vita “lassù in cima” era molto più bella. E avrei potuto nascere sempre, ogni volta che avessi voluto, finché le mie braccia fossero diventate abbastanza grandi da stringere tutta la terra da cui provenivo. Paulo Coelho, Il cammino di Santiago 2 UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI FEDERICO II XXVI DOTTORATO IN SCIENZE E TECNOLOGIE DELLE PRODUZIONI AGRO-ALIMENTARI Contents Abstract .......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ellagitannin–Lipid Interaction by HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy
    molecules Article Ellagitannin–Lipid Interaction by HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy Valtteri Virtanen * , Susanna Räikkönen, Elina Puljula and Maarit Karonen Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; [email protected] (S.R.); [email protected] (E.P.); maarit.karonen@utu.fi (M.K.) * Correspondence: vtjvir@utu.fi; Tel.: +358-29-450-3205 Abstract: Ellagitannins have antimicrobial activity, which might be related to their interactions with membrane lipids. We studied the interactions of 12 different ellagitannins and pentagalloylglucose with a lipid extract of Escherichia coli by high-resolution magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy. The nuclear Overhauser effect was utilized to measure the cross relaxation rates between ellagitannin and lipid protons. The shifting of lipid signals in 1H NMR spectra of ellagitannin–lipid mixture due to ring current effect was also observed. The ellagitannins that showed interaction with lipids had clear structural similarities. All ellagitannins that had interactions with lipids had glucopy- ranose cores. In addition to the central polyol, the most important structural feature affecting the interaction seemed to be the structural flexibility of the ellagitannin. Even dimeric and trimeric ellagitannins could penetrate to the lipid bilayers if their structures were flexible with free galloyl and hexahydroxydiphenoyl groups. Keywords: E. coli; HR-MAS-NMR; interaction; lipid membrane; tannins; UPLC-DAD-MS Citation: Virtanen, V.; Räikkönen, S.; Puljula, E.; Karonen, M. 1. Introduction Ellagitannin–Lipid Interaction by HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy. Tannins are a group of specialized plant metabolites, which, when included in the di- Molecules 2021, 26, 373. etary feed of ruminants, have been shown to induce many beneficial effects such as increas- https://doi.org/10.3390/ ing their effective amino acid absorption, lowering their methane production, and acting as molecules26020373 anthelmintics [1–6].
    [Show full text]
  • Contribution À L'étude De L'activité Pharmacologique De Terminalia
    Contribution à l’étude de l’activité pharmacologique de Terminalia macroptera Guill.et Perr. (Combretaceae) dans le but de l’élaboration d’un médicament traditionnel amélioré au Mali (Afrique de l’Ouest) Mahamane Haïdara To cite this version: Mahamane Haïdara. Contribution à l’étude de l’activité pharmacologique de Terminalia macroptera Guill.et Perr. (Combretaceae) dans le but de l’élaboration d’un médicament traditionnel amélioré au Mali (Afrique de l’Ouest). Pharmacologie. Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2018. Français. NNT : 2018TOU30027. tel-02068818 HAL Id: tel-02068818 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02068818 Submitted on 15 Mar 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ˲·ª»®­·¬7 ̱«´±«­» í п«´ Í¿¾¿¬·»® øËÌí п«´ Í¿¾¿¬·»®÷ ݱ¬«¬»´´» ·²¬»®²¿¬·±²¿´» ¿ª»½ þ´ùײ­¬·¬«¬ Í«°7®·»«® ¼» Ú±®³¿¬·±² »¬ ¼» λ½¸»®½¸» ß°°´·¯«7» ø×ÍÚÎß÷ ¼» ´ù˲·ª»®­·¬7 ¼»­ ͽ·»²½»­ Ö«®·¼·¯«»­ »¬ б´·¬·¯«»­ ¼» Þ¿³¿µ±ô Ó¿´·þ Ó¿¸¿³¿²» Øß×ÜßÎß ´» ³»®½®»¼· îï º7ª®·»® îðïè ݱ²¬®·¾«¬·±² @ ´Ž7¬«¼» ¼» ´Ž¿½¬·ª·¬7 °¸¿®³¿½±´±¹·¯«» ¼» Ì»®³·²¿´·¿ ³¿½®±°¬»®¿ Ù«·´´ò
    [Show full text]
  • Inhibitory Activities of Selected Sudanese Medicinal Plants On
    Mohieldin et al. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2017) 17:224 DOI 10.1186/s12906-017-1735-y RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Inhibitory activities of selected Sudanese medicinal plants on Porphyromonas gingivalis and matrix metalloproteinase-9 and isolation of bioactive compounds from Combretum hartmannianum (Schweinf) bark Ebtihal Abdalla M. Mohieldin1,2, Ali Mahmoud Muddathir3* and Tohru Mitsunaga2 Abstract Background: Periodontal diseases are one of the major health problems and among the most important preventable global infectious diseases. Porphyromonas gingivalis is an anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium which has been strongly implicated in the etiology of periodontitis. Additionally, matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) is an important factor contributing to periodontal tissue destruction by a variety of mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the selected Sudanese medicinal plants against P. gingivalis bacteria and their inhibitory activities on MMP-9. Methods: Sixty two methanolic and 50% ethanolic extracts from 24 plants species were tested for antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis using microplate dilution assay method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The inhibitory activity of seven methanol extracts selected from the 62 extracts against MMP-9 was determined by Colorimetric Drug Discovery Kit. In search of bioactive lead compounds, Combretum hartmannianum bark which was found to be within the most active plant extracts was subjected to various chromatographic (medium pressure liquid chromatography, column chromatography on a Sephadex LH-20, preparative high performance liquid chromatography) and spectroscopic methods (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)) to isolate and characterize flavogalonic acid dilactone and terchebulin as bioactive compounds. Results: About 80% of the crude extracts provided a MIC value ≤4 mg/ml against bacteria.
    [Show full text]