Faculty of Mathematics Part III Essays: 2020-21
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Report for the Academic Year 1995
Institute /or ADVANCED STUDY REPORT FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1994 - 95 PRINCETON NEW JERSEY Institute /or ADVANCED STUDY REPORT FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1 994 - 95 OLDEN LANE PRINCETON • NEW JERSEY 08540-0631 609-734-8000 609-924-8399 (Fax) Extract from the letter addressed by the Founders to the Institute's Trustees, dated June 6, 1930. Newark, New jersey. It is fundamental in our purpose, and our express desire, that in the appointments to the staff and faculty, as well as in the admission of workers and students, no account shall be taken, directly or indirectly, of race, religion, or sex. We feel strongly that the spirit characteristic of America at its noblest, above all the pursuit of higher learning, cannot admit of any conditions as to personnel other than those designed to promote the objects for which this institution is established, and particularly with no regard whatever to accidents of race, creed, or sex. TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 5 • FOUNDERS, TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS OF THE BOARD AND OF THE CORPORATION 8 • ADMINISTRATION 11 REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN 15 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 23 • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 27 • REPORT OF THE SCHOOL OF HISTORICAL STUDIES ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES MEMBERS, VISITORS AND RESEARCH STAFF 36 • REPORT OF THE SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES MEMBERS AND VISITORS 42 • REPORT OF THE SCHOOL OF NATURAL SCIENCES ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES MEMBERS AND VISITORS 50 • REPORT OF THE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES MEMBERS, VISITORS AND RESEARCH STAFF 55 • REPORT OF THE INSTITUTE LIBRARIES 57 • RECORD OF INSTITUTE EVENTS IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1994-95 85 • INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Institute for Advanced Study is an independent, nonprofit institution devoted to the encouragement of learning and scholarship. -
TWAS Fellowships Worldwide
CDC Round Table, ICTP April 2016 With science and engineering, countries can address challenges in agriculture, climate, health TWAS’s and energy. guiding principles 2 Food security Challenges Water quality for a Energy security new era Biodiversity loss Infectious diseases Climate change 3 A Globally, 81 nations fall troubling into the category of S&T- gap lagging countries. 48 are classified as Least Developed Countries. 4 The role of TWAS The day-to-day work of TWAS is focused in two critical areas: •Improving research infrastructure •Building a corps of PhD scholars 5 TWAS Research Grants 2,202 grants awarded to individuals and research groups (1986-2015) 6 TWAS’ AIM: to train 1000 PhD students by 2017 Training PhD-level scientists: •Researchers and university-level educators •Future leaders for science policy, business and international cooperation Rapidly growing opportunities P BRAZIL A K I N D I CA I RI A S AF TH T SOU A N M KENYA EX ICO C H I MALAYSIA N A IRAN THAILAND TWAS Fellowships Worldwide NRF, South Africa - newly on board 650+ fellowships per year PhD fellowships +460 Postdoctoral fellowships +150 Visiting researchers/professors + 45 17 Programme Partners BRAZIL: CNPq - National Council MALAYSIA: UPM – Universiti for Scientific and Technological Putra Malaysia WorldwideDevelopment CHINA: CAS - Chinese Academy of KENYA: icipe – International Sciences Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology INDIA: CSIR - Council of Scientific MEXICO: CONACYT– National & Industrial Research Council on Science and Technology PAKISTAN: CEMB – National INDIA: DBT - Department of Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biotechnology Biology PAKISTAN: ICCBS – International Centre for Chemical and INDIA: IACS - Indian Association Biological Sciences for the Cultivation of Science PAKISTAN: CIIT – COMSATS Institute of Information INDIA: S.N. -
Kavli IPMU Annual 2014 Report
ANNUAL REPORT 2014 REPORT ANNUAL April 2014–March 2015 2014–March April Kavli IPMU Kavli Kavli IPMU Annual Report 2014 April 2014–March 2015 CONTENTS FOREWORD 2 1 INTRODUCTION 4 2 NEWS&EVENTS 8 3 ORGANIZATION 10 4 STAFF 14 5 RESEARCHHIGHLIGHTS 20 5.1 Unbiased Bases and Critical Points of a Potential ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙20 5.2 Secondary Polytopes and the Algebra of the Infrared ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙21 5.3 Moduli of Bridgeland Semistable Objects on 3- Folds and Donaldson- Thomas Invariants ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙22 5.4 Leptogenesis Via Axion Oscillations after Inflation ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙23 5.5 Searching for Matter/Antimatter Asymmetry with T2K Experiment ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 24 5.6 Development of the Belle II Silicon Vertex Detector ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙26 5.7 Search for Physics beyond Standard Model with KamLAND-Zen ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙28 5.8 Chemical Abundance Patterns of the Most Iron-Poor Stars as Probes of the First Stars in the Universe ∙ ∙ ∙ 29 5.9 Measuring Gravitational lensing Using CMB B-mode Polarization by POLARBEAR ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 30 5.10 The First Galaxy Maps from the SDSS-IV MaNGA Survey ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙32 5.11 Detection of the Possible Companion Star of Supernova 2011dh ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ -
FY 2008 WPI Project Progress Report World Premier International Research Center (WPI) Initiative
FY 2008 WPI Project Progress Report World Premier International Research Center (WPI) Initiative Host Institution The University of Tokyo Host Institution Head Hiroshi Komiyama Research Center Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe Center Director Hitoshi Murayama Summary of center project progress HyperSuprimeCam projects are making steady progress, and the MoU Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU) has made to join SDSS-III experiment was signed. steady progress towards the stated goals. The numbers below refer to the (5) Honors and Awards. PI Ooguri received the 2009 Humboldt Research period between April 1, 2008 and March 31, 2009, unless stated otherwise. Award, and Prof. Sugimoto received the 2008 Kimura prize of (1) Organization. The number of administrative and research support staff theoretical physics. Assoc. Prof. Yoshida received the IUPAP Young has exceeded the proposed number of 30. The scientific staff is also Scientist Prize in computational physics, and Assoc. Prof. Komatsu steadily growing, from 63 to 125, well on track towards the proposed (joint appointment with Texas) received the same Prize in astrophysics. goal of 195 (March 2011). PI Nakahata received the 2008 Inoue Prize for Science. PI Inoue received the 2008 JSPS Prize. (2) Internationalization. The WPI program requires more than 30% of the researchers to be non-Japanese. Our current percentage is 48%, and (6) Interdisciplinary activities. As proposed, we hold daily tea at three has fulfilled the mandate. The most significant among the non-Japanese o’clock to encourage informal and interdisciplinary discussions. They members is one full and two associate professors who have moved from are well attended and create desired atmosphere. -
Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics Awarded to Terry Tao
156 Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics awarded to Terry Tao Our congratulations to Australian Mathematician Terry Tao, one of five inaugu- ral winners of the Breakthrough Prizes in Mathematics, announced on 23 June. Terry is based at the University of California, Los Angeles, and has been awarded the prize for numerous breakthrough contributions to harmonic analysis, combi- natorics, partial differential equations and analytic number theory. The Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics was launched by Mark Zuckerberg and Yuri Milner at the Breakthrough Prize ceremony in December 2013. The other winners are Simon Donaldson, Maxim Kontsevich, Jacob Lurie and Richard Tay- lor. All five recipients of the Prize have agreed to serve on the Selection Committee, responsible for choosing subsequent winners from a pool of candidates nominated in an online process which is open to the public. From 2015 onwards, one Break- through Prize in Mathematics will be awarded every year. The Breakthrough Prizes honor important, primarily recent, achievements in the categories of Fundamental Physics, Life Sciences and Mathematics. The prizes were founded by Sergey Brin and Anne Wojcicki, Mark Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan, and Yuri and Julia Milner, and aim to celebrate scientists and generate excitement about the pursuit of science as a career. Laureates will receive their trophies and $3 million each in prize money at a televised award ceremony in November, designed to celebrate their achievements and inspire the next genera- tion of scientists. As part of the ceremony schedule, they also engage in a program of lectures and discussions. See https://breakthroughprize.org and http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/23/us/ the-multimillion-dollar-minds-of-5-mathematical-masters.html? r=1 for further in- formation.. -
String-Math 2012
Volume 90 String-Math 2012 July 16–21, 2012 Universitat¨ Bonn, Bonn, Germany Ron Donagi Sheldon Katz Albrecht Klemm David R. Morrison Editors Volume 90 String-Math 2012 July 16–21, 2012 Universitat¨ Bonn, Bonn, Germany Ron Donagi Sheldon Katz Albrecht Klemm David R. Morrison Editors Volume 90 String-Math 2012 July 16–21, 2012 Universitat¨ Bonn, Bonn, Germany Ron Donagi Sheldon Katz Albrecht Klemm David R. Morrison Editors 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 11G55, 14D21, 14F05, 14J28, 14M30, 32G15, 53D18, 57M27, 81T40. 83E30. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data String-Math (Conference) (2012 : Bonn, Germany) String-Math 2012 : July 16-21, 2012, Universit¨at Bonn, Bonn, Germany/Ron Donagi, Sheldon Katz, Albrecht Klemm, David R. Morrison, editors. pages cm. – (Proceedings of symposia in pure mathematics; volume 90) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-8218-9495-8 (alk. paper) 1. Geometry, Algebraic–Congresses. 2. Quantum theory– Mathematics–Congresses. I. Donagi, Ron, editor. II. Katz, Sheldon, 1956- editor. III. Klemm, Albrecht, 1960- editor. IV. Morrison, David R., 1955- editor. V. Title. QA564.S77 2012 516.35–dc23 2015017523 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/pspum/090 Color graphic policy. Any graphics created in color will be rendered in grayscale for the printed version unless color printing is authorized by the Publisher. In general, color graphics will appear in color in the online version. Copying and reprinting. Individual readers of this publication, and nonprofit libraries acting for them, are permitted to make fair use of the material, such as to copy select pages for use in teaching or research. Permission is granted to quote brief passages from this publication in reviews, provided the customary acknowledgment of the source is given. -
An Interview with Martin Davis
Notices of the American Mathematical Society ISSN 0002-9920 ABCD springer.com New and Noteworthy from Springer Geometry Ramanujan‘s Lost Notebook An Introduction to Mathematical of the American Mathematical Society Selected Topics in Plane and Solid Part II Cryptography May 2008 Volume 55, Number 5 Geometry G. E. Andrews, Penn State University, University J. Hoffstein, J. Pipher, J. Silverman, Brown J. Aarts, Delft University of Technology, Park, PA, USA; B. C. Berndt, University of Illinois University, Providence, RI, USA Mediamatics, The Netherlands at Urbana, IL, USA This self-contained introduction to modern This is a book on Euclidean geometry that covers The “lost notebook” contains considerable cryptography emphasizes the mathematics the standard material in a completely new way, material on mock theta functions—undoubtedly behind the theory of public key cryptosystems while also introducing a number of new topics emanating from the last year of Ramanujan’s life. and digital signature schemes. The book focuses Interview with Martin Davis that would be suitable as a junior-senior level It should be emphasized that the material on on these key topics while developing the undergraduate textbook. The author does not mock theta functions is perhaps Ramanujan’s mathematical tools needed for the construction page 560 begin in the traditional manner with abstract deepest work more than half of the material in and security analysis of diverse cryptosystems. geometric axioms. Instead, he assumes the real the book is on q- series, including mock theta Only basic linear algebra is required of the numbers, and begins his treatment by functions; the remaining part deals with theta reader; techniques from algebra, number theory, introducing such modern concepts as a metric function identities, modular equations, and probability are introduced and developed as space, vector space notation, and groups, and incomplete elliptic integrals of the first kind and required. -
Department of Mathematics
Department of Mathematics The Department of Mathematics seeks to sustain its top ranking in research and education by hiring the best faculty, with special attention to the recruitment of women and members of underrepresented minority groups, and by continuing to serve the varied needs of the department’s graduate students, mathematics majors, and the broader MIT community. Faculty Awards and Honors A number of major distinctions were given to the department’s faculty this year. Professor George Lusztig received the 2014 Shaw Prize in Mathematical Sciences “for his fundamental contributions to algebra, algebraic geometry, and representation theory, and for weaving these subjects together to solve old problems and reveal beautiful new connections.” This award provides $1 million for research support. Professors Paul Seidel and Gigliola Staffilani were elected fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Professor Larry Guth received the Salem Prize for outstanding contributions in analysis. He was also named a Simons Investigator by the Simons Foundation. Assistant professor Jacob Fox received the 2013 Packard Fellowship in Science and Engineering, the first mathematics faculty member to receive the fellowship while at MIT. He also received the National Science Foundation’s Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) award, as did Gonçalo Tabuada. Professors Roman Bezrukavnikov, George Lusztig, and Scott Sheffield were each awarded a Simons Fellowship. Professor Tom Leighton was elected to the Massachusetts Academy of Sciences. Assistant professors Charles Smart and Jared Speck each received a Sloan Foundation Research Fellowship. MIT Honors Professor Tobias Colding was selected by the provost for the Cecil and Ida Green distinguished professorship. -
Lafforgue Awarded 2019 Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics
COMMUNICATION Lafforgue Awarded 2019 Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics VINCENT LAFFORGUE of the National clean energy RD&D is incredibly low: of the order of 0.02% Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) of global GDP. Corporate investment is even lower, of the and Institut Fourier, Université order of 0.01% of global GDP. Grenoble Alpes, has been awarded “Governments should really invest more in basic re- the 2019 Breakthrough Prize in Math- search and in RD&D for clean energy (including nuclear ematics “for groundbreaking contri- energy, e.g., thorium molten salt reactors). Scientists can butions to several areas of mathe- organize themselves by helping collaborations between matics, in particular to the Langlands mathematicians, physicists, chemists, biologists on subjects program in the function field case.” useful for ecology: multidisciplinary institutes could be Vincent Lafforgue The prize committee provided the dedicated to this purpose. following statement: “The French “More modestly, I am interested in creating a website lay claim to some of the greatest mathematical minds where physicists, chemists, biologists working on subjects ever—from Descartes, Fermat and Pascal to Poincaré. More useful for ecology could explain the mathematical prob- recently, Weil, Serre, and Grothendieck have given new lems they have.” foundations to algebraic geometry, from which arithmetic geometry was coined. Vincent Lafforgue is a leader of this Biographical Sketch latter school, now at the heart of new discoveries into cryp- Vincent Lafforgue was born in Antony, France, in 1974. He tography and information security technologies. He makes received his PhD from Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) in his professional home in Grenoble at the CNRS, the largest 1999 under the supervision of Jean-Benôit Bost. -
4 Fermat's Last Theorem: the Musical Please Address Advertising Inquiries To: Carol Baxter, MAA; [email protected] 5 the Icosahedron Society President: Thomas F
FOCUS NOVEMBER 2000 FOCUS is published by the Mathematical Association of America in January, February, ~ FOCUS March, April, May/June, August/September, October, November, and December. Editor: Fernando Gouvea, Colby College; November 2000 [email protected] Volume 20, Number 8 Managing Editor: Carol Baxter, MAA [email protected] Inside Senior Writer: Harry Waldman, MAA [email protected] 4 Fermat's Last Theorem: The Musical Please address advertising inquiries to: Carol Baxter, MAA; [email protected] 5 The Icosahedron Society President: Thomas F. Banchoff, Brown University 6 The Curriculum Foundations Project First Vice-President: Barbara L. Osofsky, Second Vice-President: Frank Morgan, By William Barker Secretary: Martha J. Siegel, Associate Secretary: James J. Tattersall, Treasurer: 8 Going Beyond the Big Theorem of Gollnitz: A Breakthrough in Gerald J. Porter the Theory of Partitions and q-Series Executive Director: Tina H. Straley By Krishnaswami Alladi Associate Executive Director and Director of Publications and Electronic Services: 10 The Academic Job Search: An Applicant's Perspective Donald J. Albers By Darren A. Narayan FOCUS Editorial Board: Gerald Alexanderson; Donna Beers; J. Kevin Colligan; Ed Dubinsky; Bill Hawkins; Dan 11 Student Paper Sessions at Mathfest Kalman; Maeve McCarthy; Peter Renz; Annie Selden; Jon Scott; Ravi Vakil. 12 Letters to the Editor Letters to the editor should be addressed to Fernando Gouvea, Colby College, Dept. of 13 Mathfest 2000 Mathematics, Waterville, ME 04901. By Tom Banchoff Subscription and membership questions should be directed to the MAA Customer 14 ICME-9 in Japan: An Overview Service Center, 800-331-1622; e-mail: By Annie Selden [email protected]; (301) 617-7800 (outside U.S. -
The Shape of Inner Space Provides a Vibrant Tour Through the Strange and Wondrous Possibility SPACE INNER
SCIENCE/MATHEMATICS SHING-TUNG $30.00 US / $36.00 CAN Praise for YAU & and the STEVE NADIS STRING THEORY THE SHAPE OF tring theory—meant to reconcile the INNER SPACE incompatibility of our two most successful GEOMETRY of the UNIVERSE’S theories of physics, general relativity and “The Shape of Inner Space provides a vibrant tour through the strange and wondrous possibility INNER SPACE THE quantum mechanics—holds that the particles that the three spatial dimensions we see may not be the only ones that exist. Told by one of the Sand forces of nature are the result of the vibrations of tiny masters of the subject, the book gives an in-depth account of one of the most exciting HIDDEN DIMENSIONS “strings,” and that we live in a universe of ten dimensions, and controversial developments in modern theoretical physics.” —BRIAN GREENE, Professor of © Susan Towne Gilbert © Susan Towne four of which we can experience, and six that are curled up Mathematics & Physics, Columbia University, SHAPE in elaborate, twisted shapes called Calabi-Yau manifolds. Shing-Tung Yau author of The Fabric of the Cosmos and The Elegant Universe has been a professor of mathematics at Harvard since These spaces are so minuscule we’ll probably never see 1987 and is the current department chair. Yau is the winner “Einstein’s vision of physical laws emerging from the shape of space has been expanded by the higher them directly; nevertheless, the geometry of this secret dimensions of string theory. This vision has transformed not only modern physics, but also modern of the Fields Medal, the National Medal of Science, the realm may hold the key to the most important physical mathematics. -
Some Considerations in the Quantization of General Relativity
The dissertation committee for Thomas Judson McClain II certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Some Considerations in the Quantization of General Relativity Committee: Richard Matzner, Supervisor Duane Dicus Austin Gleeson Richard Hazeltine Paul Shapiro Some Considerations in the Quantization of General Relativity by Thomas Judson McClain II Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin December 2018 Some Considerations in the Quantization of General Relativity by Thomas Judson McClain, Ph.D. The University of Texas at Austin, 2018 Supervisor: Richard Matzner In this dissertation, I explore a number of topics related to the quantization of the theory of general relativity. The first chapter presents a novel algorithm for determining the sky location of a gravitational wave source. The second chapter develops a new approach to polysymplectic covariant Hamiltonian field theory, then uses that approach to produce an original quantization procedure applicable to both particles and fields. The third and final chapter applies the quantization procedure of the second chapter to the particularly challenging case of general relativity. An appendix on noise in gravitational wave detectors and a Glossary of terms are in- cluded for the convenience of the reader. iii Contents Introduction 1 1 A Numerical Source Localization Algorithm for Two Detector Grav- itational Wave Observatory Networks 6 1.1 Overview . .6 1.2 Background . .7 1.3 Methods . .9 1.4 Circularly polarized gravitational waves . 13 1.5 Elliptically polarized gravitational waves .