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Petrophysical Samples Petrophysical Properties of Core Samples MRT001

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Petrophysical Samples Petrophysical Properties of Core Samples MRT001 GCR2013_01 Hot Dry Rocks Pty Ltd Geothermal Energy Consultants HEAD OFFICE PO Box 251 South Yarra, Vic 3141 Australia PetrophysicalPetrophysicalpropertiesofofcore core T +61 3 9028 7437 F +61 3 6349 1283 E [email protected] samplesMRT001–MRT083 W www.hotdryrocks.com ABN: 12 114 617 622 SERVICES Exploration Rock Property Measurements Project Development Portfolio Management Grant Applications PreparedforreparedforMineralResourcesTasmania 10July2013 www.hotdryrocks.com Thisdocumentisformattedfortwo-sidedprinting i ExecutiveSummary MineralResourcesTasmania(MRT)approvedaprogramofpetrophysicalproperty measurementsinJune2013,withthisbatchof83samplestobemeasuredfor density,magneticsusceptibility,P-wave,and(wherepossible)S-wavevelocities. ThesesamplesweredeliveredtoHotDryRocksPtyLtd(HDR)inNovember2010 forthermalconductivitymeasurement,whichwasundertakeninNovember2010. Otherpropertiesweremeasuredbetween12–25June2013.Thepreviously measuredthermalconductivityresultsareincludedinthisreportforeaseofdata referencing. Thermalconductivitywasmeasuredusingasteadystatedividedbarapparatus. DensitywasmeasuredusingArchimedes’Principle.P-waveandS-wavevelocity weredeterminedbymeasuringultrasonicpulsevelocity,andmagneticsusceptibility wasmeasuredusingacommercialmagneticsusceptibilitymetercalibratedforuse withcorespecimens. Thermalconductivitywasmeasuredatameantemperatureof25°C(±2°C).P-wave andS-wavevelocitiesweremeasuredat22°C(±2°C). PrincipalFindingsandConsiderations HDRconsidersthefollowingpointstobeimportant: •Thermalconductivityacrossall248specimensrangedfromalowof1.41W/mK toahighof10.19W/mK. •Harmonicmeanthermalconductivityacrossall83samplesrangedfromalow of1.43±0.01W/mKtoahighof9.35±1.02W/mK. •Densityacrossall245specimensrangedfromalowof1,964kg/m 3toahighof 3,016kg/m 3. •Arithmeticmeandensityacrossall83samplesrangedfromalowof 1,964kg/m 3toahighof3,010±6kg/m 3. •Magneticsusceptibilityacrossall83samplesrangedfromalowof0toahighof 8,927x10 -5,expressedaccordingtotheunitlessSIconvention. www.hotdryrocks.com ii •AxialP-wavevelocityacrossall83samplesrangedfromalowof1,711m/stoa highof7,091m/s. •Axial‘firstarrival’S-wavevelocityacross58measureablesamplesrangedfrom alowof2,073m/stoahighof3,924m/s. •Thermalconductivityandseismicwavevelocityofrocksaresensitiveto temperature.Thisshouldbekeptinmindwhendevelopingmodelsof insitu properties. Author AnsonAntriasianpreparedthisreport.Specimenpreparationandmeasurementwasundertakenby AnsonAntriasian.GraemeBeardsmoreapprovedthereleaseofthereportinitsfinalform. Disclaimer Theinformationandopinionsinthisreporthavebeengeneratedtothebestabilityoftheauthor,and HotDryRocksPtyLtd(HDR)hopetheymaybeofassistancetoyou.However,neithertheauthornor anyotheremployeeofHDRguaranteesthatthereportiswithoutflaworiswhollyappropriateforyour particularpurposes,andthereforewedisclaimallliabilityforanyerror,lossorotherconsequencethat mayarisefromyourelyingonanyinformationinthispublication. Copyright ThisreportisprotectedundertheCopyrightAct1968. www.hotdryrocks.com Table ofContents ExecutiveSummary................................................................................................................................i PrincipalFindingsandConsiderations.................................................................................................i Table ofContents ....................................................................................................................................1 1. Introduction...................................................................................................................................2 1.1. ThermalConductivity..............................................................................................................2 1.2. Density....................................................................................................................................2 1.3. MagneticSusceptibility...........................................................................................................2 1.4. P-waveandS-wavevelocity..................................................................................................2 1.5. RockPropertyMeasurementProgram...................................................................................3 1.6. TemperatureandThermalProperties....................................................................................3 2. Methodology..................................................................................................................................8 2.1. SpecimenPreparation............................................................................................................8 2.1.1. ‘WholeRock’measurements.........................................................................................8 2.1.2. ‘CME’measurements....................................................................................................8 2.1.3. VacuumSaturation........................................................................................................8 2.2. ThermalConductivityMeasurement.......................................................................................8 2.3. DensityMeasurement.............................................................................................................9 2.4. MagneticSusceptibilityMeasurement..................................................................................10 2.5. PandS-WaveVelocityMeasurement..................................................................................10 3. Results.........................................................................................................................................11 4. Considerations............................................................................................................................18 www.hotdryrocks.com 2 1. Introduction 1.1.ThermalConductivity Thermalconductivity(λ)isthephysicalpropertythatcontrolstherateatwhichheat energyflowsthroughamaterialinagiventhermalgradient.IntheS.I.systemof units,itismeasuredinwattspermetre-Kelvin(W/mK).IntheEarth,thermal conductivitycontrolstherateatwhichtemperatureincreaseswithdepthforagiven heatflow.Thethermalconductivitydistributionwithinasectionofcrustmustbe knowninordertocalculatecrustalheatflowfromtemperaturegradientdata,orto predicttemperaturedistributionfromagivenheatflow. 1.2.Density Density( ρ)isthemassofaunitvolumeofmaterial.IntheS.I.systemofunits,itis measuredinkilogramspercubicmetre(kg/m 3). 1.3.MagneticSusceptibility Magneticsusceptibility(Χ)isaproportionalitybetweenthestrengthofmagnetization thatamaterialassumesinresponsetoanappliedmagneticfield,versusthestrength oftheappliedmagneticfield.ItisaunitlessvalueaccordingtotheSIsystem. 1.4.P-waveandS-wavevelocity P-wavevelocity( νp)isthespeedatwhichlongitudinalpressure,or‘primary’,waves propagatethroughamaterial.Thesearethefirstwavestobedetectedatany distancefromthetransmissionpoint. S-wavevelocity(vs)isthespeedatwhichshear,or‘secondary’,wavespropagate throughasolidmaterial.S-wavespropagateslowerthanP-waves,andbecome progressivelyattenuatedasthematerialbecomesfracturedorfluid.IntheS.I. systemofunits,vpandvsarebothexpressedinmetrespersecond(m/s). www.hotdryrocks.com 3 1.5.RockPropertyMeasurementProgram MineralResourcesTasmania(MRT)approvedaprogramofpetrophysicalproperty measurementsinJune2013,onthisbatchof83samples1deliveredtoHDRin November2010fromthewellslistedinTable1.Between12–25June2013,HDR measuredthedensity,magneticsusceptibility,P-waveandS-wavevelocitiesof thesesamples. 1.6.TemperatureandThermalProperties Thermalconductivityofrocksissensitivetotemperature(e.g.Vosteenand Schellschmidt,20032).Themeasurementspresentedinthisreportwereallmadein therange25–30°C. Table1.Wellname,age,formation,lithology,foliationangle,coordinates,depth,andsampleID’s. Foliation angle, Delivered Lithological mE mN Depth Depth Sample ID Well Age Formation with respect to sample description (MGA94) (MGA94) (ft) (m) (HDR) radial axis of core name Rocky Cape Pale fine Duckbay-1 Proterozoic No strong foliation 346157 5478213 199.1 TC-01 MRT001 Group sandstone 60°, cleavage along Rocky Cape Duckbay-1 Proterozoic Dark siltstone intermittent 346157 5478213 319.5 TC-02 MRT002 Group foliation Rocky Cape Duckbay-1 Proterozoic Dark siltstone No strong foliation 346157 5478213 484.3 TC-03 MRT003 Group Mudstone SMI-2 Scopus 10°, cleavage weakly Cambrian with 20% fine 333728 5480608 117.9 TC-04 MRT004 Smithton Formation follows foliation sandstone SMI-2 Scopus Coarse Cambrian No strong foliation 333728 5480608 225.0 TC-05 MRT005 Smithton Formation sandstone Kanunnah Forest-1 Neoproterozoic Basalt No strong foliation 352850 5480294 41.3 TC-06 MRT006 Subgroup Kanunnah Coarse Forest-1 Neoproterozoic No strong foliation 352850 5480294 364.5 TC-07 MRT007 Subgroup sandstone Kanunnah Forest-1 Neoproterozoic Mudstone No strong foliation 352850 5480294 467.1 TC-08 MRT008 Subgroup Black River Forest-1 Neoproterozoic Dolostone No strong foliation 352850 5480294 1034.4 TC-09 MRT009 Dolomite 1Inthisreporttheword“sample”referstoarawpieceofrockdeliveredtoHDR,while“specimen” referstopartofasamplepreparedforrockpropertymeasurements.Ingeneral,threespecimensare preparedfromeachsample. 2Vosteen,H.-D.andSchellschmidt,R.(2003).Influenceoftemperatureonthermalconductivity, thermalcapacityandthermaldiffusivityfordifferenttypesofrock.PhysicsandChemistryoftheEarth, 28,499–509. www.hotdryrocks.com 4 Table1.Continued... Black River 52°, cleavage along Forest-1 Neoproterozoic Black shale 352850
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