In I Nuet Via Darmstadt

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In I Nuet Via Darmstadt In i nuet via Darmstadt Fylkingen, Stockhausen och 50-talet Håkan Salomonsson C-uppsats 2006 Institutionen för musikvetenskap Uppsala universitet In i nuet via Darmstadt Fylkingen, Stockhausen och 50-talet Håkan Salomonsson Institutionen för Musikvetenskap Uppsala Universitet C-uppsats vt 2006 Handledare: Lars Berglund Abstract Håkan Salomonsson: In i nuet via Darmstadt – Fylkingen, Stockhausen och 50-talet. Uppsala Universitet: Institutionen för musikvetenskap, C-uppsats 2006. During the 1950s, Swedens musical avantgarde was mainly lead by the concert organisation Fylkingen. Some of the leading members used to belong to the Mondaygroup in the 1940s and brought a will to update and modernise Swedish music with them into Fylkingen. This resulted in a radical change in the concert programs of Fylkingen and a development that lead to the introduction of the music of Karlheinz Stockhausen in Sweden. The summercourses in Darmstadt became very important to Fylkingen, especially through Bengt Hambraeus’ close relationship with the European avantgarde. The aim of this essay is to discuss what kind of influence, if any, Karlheinz Stockhausen had on the Swedish music. If Stockhausen influenced the musical development in Darmstadt during the 1950s and Fylkingen was influenced by Darmstadt, one must ask: How did Stockhausen influence Swedish music? My conclusion is that Fylkingen used Stockhausen as a symbol and an argument for the European avant-garde music in their goal to convince their critics that the new music was of great importance for Sweden’s future as a part of the international musical scene. Innehållsförteckning 1 Inledning......................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Syfte och frågeställningar........................................................................................... 7 1.2 Forskningsläge ........................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Metod, material och avgränsningar............................................................................ 8 1.4 Disposition .................................................................................................................9 2 Darmstadt och sommarkurserna för ny musik ............................................. 10 2.1 De första svenskarna i Darmstadt............................................................................. 10 2.2 Stockhausen i Darmstadt.......................................................................................... 12 3 Fylkingen och dess nya musikaliska inriktning ........................................... 13 3.1 Det internationella samarbetet.................................................................................. 13 3.2 Valet av musik.......................................................................................................... 15 3.3 Fylkingens musikaliska utveckling fram till Stockhausen....................................... 16 3.3.1 Fylkingen presenterar konkret musik............................................................... 16 3.3.2 Tribunal om Anton Webern ............................................................................. 17 4 Stockhausen i Fylkingen .............................................................................. 19 4.1 Demonstration av Elektronisk musik ....................................................................... 19 4.2 Stockhausens första besök i Fylkingen .................................................................... 20 4.3 Stockhausen uppför Elektronisk musik i Fylkingen ................................................ 21 4.4 Stockhausen, Darmstadtskolan och Fylkingen......................................................... 22 4.5 Gesang der Jünglinge och 60-talet ........................................................................... 23 5 Recensioner av Stockhausens musik i Stockholm ....................................... 25 5.1 Fylkingens reaktion.................................................................................................. 27 6 Den radikala musikens påverkan på Fylkingentonsättarna.......................... 29 6.1 Karl-Birger Blomdahl .............................................................................................. 29 6.2 Ingvar Lidholm......................................................................................................... 30 6.3 Bo Nilsson................................................................................................................ 31 7 Debatten kring Fylkingen............................................................................. 33 7.1 Tolvtonsmusik.......................................................................................................... 33 7.2 Punktmusik............................................................................................................... 34 7.3 Hur Fylkingen hanterade kritiken ............................................................................ 35 8 Avslutande diskussion.................................................................................. 38 9 Källor och litteratur ...................................................................................... 43 1 Inledning Under 40-talet påbörjade den så kallade Måndagsgruppen sitt arbete med att förnya ett, enligt dem, stagnerat svenskt musikliv. De ville återinföra modernismen i Sverige, som Måndagsgruppen menade fått en undanskymd roll under 30-talet. Dessa ambitioner tog de med sig till kammarmusikföreningen Fylkingen, vilket förändrade föreningens konsertutbud som under 50-talet fick en betydligt mera radikal inriktning. Svenska tonsättare reste i början på 50-talet till Darmstadt för att ta del av de sommarkurser i musik som årligen anordnades där. Här samlades tonsättare från hela Europa och diskuterade det senaste inom musik och framför allt seriell musik. Med sig hem till Sverige tog man en förnyelseanda och idéer om hur man skulle förändra svenskt musikliv. I Darmstadt kom en ung generation serialister att tidigt ta kontrollen över sommarkurserna. En av dessa unga avantgardister var Karlheinz Stockhausen. Han påverkade den musikaliska utvecklingen i Darmstadt och var tillsammans med namn som Pierre Boulez och Luigi Nono en av dem som satte dagordningen inom det avantgardistiska musiklivet i Europa. Utbytet mellan Darmstadt och Fylkingen kom, mycket genom Bengt Hambraeus engagemang i den radikala musiken från Darmstadt, att bli intensivt och Fylkingen följde noggrant utvecklingen i Darmstadt för att kunna presentera det senaste i Sverige. Om Stockhausen påverkade den musikaliska utvecklingen i Darmstadt och Fylkingen blev påverkat av Darmstadt och Fylkingen i sin tur påverkade svenskt musikliv ställer man sig naturligtvis följdfrågan: hur påverkade Stockhausen svenskt musikliv? 1.1 Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med detta arbete är att söka fördjupa kunskapen kring Karlheinz Stockhausens musikaliska påverkan på svenskt musikliv under 1950- och 60-talet. Om fallet är så att han påverkade svenskt musikliv, handlade det då om den klingande musiken, eller var det mer som en symbol för 50-talets avantgardism som Stockhausens musik var intressant för svenska tonsättare och musikskribenter? Hur såg debatten ut kring den nya musiken? Hur mottogs de svenska uruppförandena av Stockhausens musik i Sverige av de svenska tonsättarna och kritikerna? Vilken var Stockhausens egen bild av svenskt musikliv? 7 1.2 Forskningsläge Forskningen kring Fylkingen rör sig främst kring de enskilda tonsättarna som var medlemmar av föreningen. Bo Wallners Vår tids musik i Norden1 tar förvisso upp Fylkingens verksamhet och influenser och går också in i detalj på den musik som några av tonsättarna i Fylkingen komponerade, men några ingående analyser av Fylkingens verksamhet under 50-talet görs aldrig. Ett problem med Wallners bok är att Wallner genom sin närhet till Fylkingen och Måndagsgruppen kan te sig något värderande i sina beskrivningar och i sin argumentation, vilket är viktigt att ha i åtanke när man värderar informationen. Övrig forskning som rör Fylkingen sammanfattas i artiklar i uppslagsverket Grove Music Online. I avhandlingen Electronic musical composition in Sweden 1952-19702 tar Stefan Sylvander upp Fylkingens betydelse för den elektroniska musikens utveckling i Sverige, men utelämnar de influenser som i sin tur påverkade Fylkingen. När det gäller Karlheinz Stockhausen tar forskningen främst upp kompositionstekniska analyser samt diskuterar estetiken frågor kring hans musik. I fråga om Stockhausens kontakter med Sverige och Fylkingen finns ingen forskning att tillgå förutom omnämnanden i forskning kring tonsättarna som var involverade i Fylkingens verksamhet, och då endast kortfattat. Per F. Bromans avhandling Back to the Future tar upp Hambraeus kontakter med Darmstadt och Stockhausen i relation till svenskt musikliv och Fylkingen, men boken är främst inriktad på att skapa en estetisk teori kring Hambraeus musik. I detta arbete vill jag försöka knyta samman de lösa trådar som existerar i den tidigare forskningen som finns kring Fylkingens kontakter med Stockhausen och dess effekt på svenskt musikliv. 1.3 Metod, material och avgränsningar Genom att studera debattinlägg och svenska tidskrift- och tidningsartiklar från 1950-talet och början av 1960-talet samt litteratur i ämnet, har jag försökt att utläsa vilka olika ståndpunkter och syften som existerade i svenskt musikliv och debatt under den här tiden kring den radikala musiken
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