Behavior and Psychology As Related to Law Enforcement and Criminology
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Federal Law Enforcement Officers, 2016
U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics October 2019, NCJ 251922 Bureau of Justice Statistics Bureau Federal Law Enforcement Ofcers, 2016 – Statistical Tables Connor Brooks, BJS Statistician s of the end of fscal-year 2016, federal FIGURE 1 agencies in the United States and Distribution of full-time federal law enforcement U.S. territories employed about 132,000 ofcers, by department or branch, 2016 Afull-time law enforcement ofcers. Federal law enforcement ofcers were defned as any federal Department of ofcers who were authorized to make arrests Homeland Security and carry frearms. About three-quarters of Department of Justice federal law enforcement ofcers (about 100,000) Other executive- provided police protection as their primary branch agencies function. Four in fve federal law enforcement ofcers, regardless of their primary function, Independent agencies worked for either the Department of Homeland · Security (47% of all ofcers) or the Department Judicial branch Tables Statistical of Justice (33%) (fgure 1, table 1). Legislative branch Findings in this report are from the 2016 0 10 20 30 40 50 Census of Federal Law Enforcement Ofcers Percent (CFLEO). Te Bureau of Justice Statistics conducted the census, collecting data on Note: See table 1 for counts and percentages. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Census of Federal Law 83 agencies. Of these agencies, 41 were Ofces Enforcement Ofcers, 2016. of Inspectors General, which provide oversight of federal agencies and activities. Te tables in this report provide statistics on the number, functions, and demographics of federal law enforcement ofcers. Highlights In 2016, there were about 100,000 full-time Between 2008 and 2016, the Amtrak Police federal law enforcement ofcers in the United had the largest percentage increase in full-time States and U.S. -
Four Models of the Criminal Process Kent Roach
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Volume 89 Article 5 Issue 2 Winter Winter 1999 Four Models of the Criminal Process Kent Roach Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminology Commons, and the Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons Recommended Citation Kent Roach, Four Models of the Criminal Process, 89 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 671 (1998-1999) This Criminology is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology by an authorized editor of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. 0091-4169/99/8902-0671 THM JOURNAL OF QMINAL LAW& CRIMINOLOGY Vol. 89, No. 2 Copyright 0 1999 by Northwestem University. School of Law Psisd in USA. CRIMINOLOGY FOUR MODELS OF THE CRIMINAL PROCESS KENT ROACH* I. INTRODUCTION Ever since Herbert Packer published "Two Models of the Criminal Process" in 1964, much thinking about criminal justice has been influenced by the construction of models. Models pro- vide a useful way to cope with the complexity of the criminal pro- cess. They allow details to be simplified and common themes and trends to be highlighted. "As in the physical and social sciences, [models present] a hypothetical but coherent scheme for testing the evidence" produced by decisions made by thousands of actors in the criminal process every day.2 Unlike the sciences, however, it is not possible or desirable to reduce the discretionary and hu- manistic systems of criminal justice to a single truth. -
Psychological and Psychiatric Concepts in Criminology Fritz Schmidl
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Volume 37 | Issue 1 Article 3 1946 Psychological and Psychiatric Concepts in Criminology Fritz Schmidl Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminology Commons, and the Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons Recommended Citation Fritz Schmidl, Psychological and Psychiatric Concepts in Criminology, 37 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 37 (1946-1947) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology by an authorized editor of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC CONCEPTS IN CRIMINOLOGY Fritz Schmidl Criminology needs the help of psychology and psychiatry. Up to now psychological and psychiatric explanations of delinquency have been unsatisfactory. Suggestions are made for research on personality of the delinquent and on the development of psychological concepts in criminology. The author, DR. JURIS, University of Vienna; M.S., New York School of Social Work, Columbia University; fellow, Rorschach Insti- tute, works with the Community Service Society of New York, and is doing graduate work at Columbia University, specializing in research on personality of delinquents.-EDITOR. Problems of Method in Criminology Criminology is a young science and its position among the other social sciences has not yet been determined exactly. Since criminology deals with human behavior it is either a part of so- ciology or closely related to it. Most modern criminologists have a mainly sociological background. In colleges and uni- versities, criminology is taught as a specific subject within the framework of sociology. -
Sociological Theories of Deviance: Definitions & Considerations
Sociological Theories of Deviance: Definitions & Considerations NCSS Strands: Individuals, Groups, and Institutions Time, Continuity, and Change Grade level: 9-12 Class periods needed: 1.5- 50 minute periods Purpose, Background, and Context Sociologists seek to understand how and why deviance occurs within a society. They do this by developing theories that explain factors impacting deviance on a wide scale such as social frustrations, socialization, social learning, and the impact of labeling. Four main theories have developed in the last 50 years. Anomie: Deviance is caused by anomie, or the feeling that society’s goals or the means to achieve them are closed to the person Control: Deviance exists because of improper socialization, which results in a lack of self-control for the person Differential association: People learn deviance from associating with others who act in deviant ways Labeling: Deviant behavior depends on who is defining it, and the people in our society who define deviance are usually those in positions of power Students will participate in a “jigsaw” where they will become knowledgeable in one theory and then share their knowledge with the rest of the class. After all theories have been presented, the class will use the theories to explain an historic example of socially deviant behavior: Zoot Suit Riots. Objectives & Student Outcomes Students will: Be able to define the concepts of social norms and deviance 1 Brainstorm behaviors that fit along a continuum from informal to formal deviance Learn four sociological theories of deviance by reading, listening, constructing hypotheticals, and questioning classmates Apply theories of deviance to Zoot Suit Riots that occurred in the 1943 Examine the role of social norms for individuals, groups, and institutions and how they are reinforced to maintain a order within a society; examine disorder/deviance within a society (NCSS Standards, p. -
Crime, Law, and Deviance a Section of the American Sociological Association Newsletter Fall 2007
Crime, Law, and Deviance A Section of the American Sociological Association Newsletter Fall 2007 Call for Nominations Crime, Law, and Deviance CLD Student Paper Runner- 2007-2008 SECTION OFFICERS Up Award was given to two CHAIR The Section on Crime, Law and individuals: Candace Kruttschnitt Deviance invites nominations for University of Minnesota [email protected] the position of chair-elect and Randol Contreras, Department for two council members. The of Sociology, City University of FORMER CHAIR New York, “Damn, Yo-Who’s Robert Bursik deadline for nominations is University of Missouri – St. Louis November 10, 2007. Please That Girl: An Ethnographic [email protected] submit names of nominees to Analysis of Masculinity in SECRETARY TREASURER Karen Heimer either by post or Drug Robberies.” Wayne Osgood email. [email protected] Department of Sociology Jooyoung Lee, Department of COUNCIL MEMBERS University of Iowa Sociology, UCLA, “Rappin’ on Peggy Giordano (2007) W140 Seashore Hall the Corner: Transforming Bowling Green State University Provocations of Street Violence [email protected] Iowa City, IA 52242 [email protected] into Play.” Joachim Savelsberg (2007) University of Minnesota [email protected] Nominations for Awards CLD Awards at the August rd Karen F. Parker (2008) 2007 New York ASA 102nd for the ASA 103 Meeting University of Florida [email protected] Meeting The CLD section is seeking Dana L. Haynie (2009) Ohio State University Albert J. Reiss Award for nominations for the James F. [email protected] Distinguished Scholarly Short Jr. Distinguished Article Award. This award, Holly Foster (2009) Publication for 2007 Texas A&M University given every two years, is for a [email protected] Bruce Western (Princeton distinguished article in the area of crime, law, and University) for his 2006 book, EDITOR Punishment and Inequality in deviance published in the Jeffrey Ackerman America. -
Seattle Police Department
Seattle Police Department Adrian Diaz, Interim Chief of Police (206) 684-5577 http://www.seattle.gov/police/ Department Overview The Seattle Police Department (SPD) addresses crime, enforces laws, and enhances public safety by delivering respectful, professional, and dependable police services. SPD divides operations into five precincts. These precincts define east, west, north, south, and southwest patrol areas, with a police station in each area. The department's organizational model places neighborhood-based emergency response services at its core, allowing SPD the greatest flexibility in managing public safety. Under this model, neighborhood-based personnel in each precinct assume responsibility for public safety management, primary crime prevention and law enforcement. Precinct-based detectives investigate property crimes and crimes involving juveniles, whereas detectives in centralized units located at SPD headquarters downtown and elsewhere conduct follow-up investigations into other types of crimes. Other parts of the department function to train, equip, and provide policy guidance, human resources, communications, and technology support to those delivering direct services to the public. Interim Police Chief Adrian Diaz has committed the department to five focus areas to anchor itself throughout the on-going work around the future of community safety: • Re-envisioning Policing - Engage openly in a community-led process of designing the role the department should play in community safety • Humanization - Prioritize the sanctity -
Geospatial Technology Working Group Meeting Report on Predictive Policing �
U.S. Department of Justice Geospatial Technology Working Group Meeting Report on Predictive Policing � Prepared by: Ronald E. Wilson Susan C. Smith John D. Markovic James L. LeBeau Scottsdale, Arizona � October 15-16, 2009 � NCJ 237409 In Attendance: • Belledin, Stacy – Lakewood (CO) Police Department • Bess, Michael – Charlotte-Mecklenburg (NC) Police Department • Brown, Timothy – Mapping and Analysis for Public Safety Program and Data Resources, National Institute of Justice • Buslik, Marc – Chicago (IL) Police Department • Groff, Dr. Elizabeth – Temple University • Hart, Dr. Timothy – University of Nevada, Las Vegas • Hubbs, Robert – Knox County (TN) Sheriff’s Office • LeBeau, Dr. James – Southern Illinois University, Carbondale • Mallard, Jim – Arlington (TX) Police Department • Markovic, John – Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) Office • Paulsen, Dr. Derek – Eastern Kentucky University • Scalisi, Nicole – Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) Office • Smith, Kurt – San Diego (CA) Sheriff’s Department • Smith, Susan – Shawnee (KS) Police Department/Geospatial Center of Excellence • Stallo, Mark – Dallas (TX) Police Department • Wartell, Julie – San Diego (CA) District Attorney’s Office • Waugh, Beth – Liberty Business Associates, LLC • Williams, D’Ondria – South Carolina Research Authority (SCRA) • Wilson, Melissa – Hillsborough County (FL) Sheriff’s Office • Wilson, Ronald – Mapping and Analysis for Public Safety Program and Data Resources, National Institute of Justice Introduction The purpose of this report is to provide input from the Geospatial Technical Working Group (TWG) regarding their thoughts and perspectives about predictive policing. It was specifically written in preparation for the Predictive Policing Symposium jointly hosted by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA). The Geospatial TWG is supported and organized by NIJ. -
PRE-CRIME and COUNTER-TERRORISM Imagining Future Crime in the ' War on Terror '
doi:10.1093/bjc/azp023 BRIT. J. CRIMINOL. (2009) 49, 628–645 Advance Access publication 11 May 2009 PRE-CRIME AND COUNTER-TERRORISM Imagining Future Crime in the ‘ War on Terror ’ Jude McCulloch and Sharon Pickering * Downloaded from This article looks at pre-crime in the context of counter-terrorism. Pre-crime links coercive state actions to suspicion without the need for charge, prosecution or conviction. It also includes measures that expand the remit of the criminal law to include activities or associations that are deemed to precede the substantive offence targeted for prevention. The trend towards anticipating risks as a driving principle in criminal justice was identifi ed well before 2001. However, risk and threat anticipation have substantially expanded in the context of contemporary counter-terrorism http://bjc.oxfordjournals.org frameworks. Although pre-crime counter-terrorism measures are rationalized on the grounds of preventing terrorism, these measures do not fi t in the frame of conventional crime prevention. The article argues that the shift to pre-crime embodies a trend towards integrating national security into criminal justice along with a temporal and geographic shift that encompasses a blurring of the borders between the states ’ internal and external coercive capacities. The counter-terrorism framework incorporates and combines elements of criminal justice and national security, giving rise to a number of tensions. One key tension is between the ideal of impartial criminal justice and the politically charged concept of national security. Pre-crime counter-terrorism measures can be traced through a number of interlinking historical trajectories including the wars on crime and drugs, at King's College London on May 5, 2010 criminalization and, more fundamentally, in colonial strategies of domination, control and repression. -
2020 Annual Report MISSION in Support of the Port of Seattle’S Mission, We: • Fight Crime, • Protect and Serve Our Community
PORT OF SEATTLE POLICE 2020 Annual Report MISSION In support of the Port of Seattle’s Mission, we: • fight crime, • protect and serve our community. VISION To be the nation’s finest port police. GUIDING PRINCIPLES • Leadership • Integrity • Accountability Port of Seattle Commissioners and Executive Staff: It is my pleasure to present to you the 2020 Port of Seattle Police Department Annual Report. This past year was challenging in unprecedented ways. COVID-19 significantly impacted our day-to-day operations and our employees and their families. National civil unrest and demand for police reform led to critique and an ongoing assessment of the department. Changes in leadership, ten retirements, and a hiring freeze compounded the pressures and stress on your Police Department members. However, despite these challenges, I am proud to say that the high caliber professionals in the department stepped up. They adapted to the new environment and continued to faithfully perform their mission to fight crime, and protect and serve our community. Port employees, business partners, travelers, and visitors remained safe yet another year, because of the teamwork and outstanding dedication of the people who serve in your Police Department. As you read the pages to follow, I hope you enjoy learning more about this extraordinary team. On behalf of the exemplary men and women of this Department, it has been a pleasure to serve the Port of Seattle community. - Mike Villa, Deputy Chief Table of Contents Command Team . 6 Jurisdiction .........................................7 Community Engagement ...........................8 Honor Guard .......................................9 Operations Bureau .................................10 Port of Seattle Seaport . 11 Marine Patrol Unit .................................12 Dive Team .........................................12 SEA Airport . -
THE SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECT of CRIMINOLOGY Marianne W
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Volume 32 | Issue 1 Article 6 1941 The oS ciological Aspect of Criminology Marianne W. Beth Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminology Commons, and the Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons Recommended Citation Marianne W. Beth, The ocS iological Aspect of Criminology, 32 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 67 (1941-1942) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology by an authorized editor of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. THE SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECT OF CRIMINOLOGY Marianne W. Beth" Social sciences have reached a point certain types (white collar crime) was of development where their investiga- not dealt with by the criminal courts, tions into socially undesirable and pro- but by boards, magistrates, or other hibited behavior should be liberated authorities. Sutherland insists that such from the fetters of juridical positivism. a differentiation of societal repressive Of course, a criminal is primarily and reaction does not alter the fact that these distinctly a person who has been found acts are sociologically to be regarded guilty by a criminal court of a definite es crimes, and that these patterns of act or omission that is outlawed by behavior are to be included in the law or statute. But it does not follow science of criminal psychology and that criminology must limit its research criminology in general, although they to such behavior or to that distinct are not part of the criminological offi- group of people. -
James Mcguire University of Liverpool
Western Criminology Review 4(2), 108-123 (2003) Maintaining Change: Converging Legal and Psychological Initiatives in a Therapeutic Jurisprudence Framework James McGuire University of Liverpool ABSTRACT This paper considers some detailed aspects of the application of therapeutic jurisprudence to the working of the criminal law. Its objective is to draw parallels between aspects of the practice of law when viewed ‘in a therapeutic key’, and the application of psychologically-based interventions to the task of changing offenders’ behavior. The first section of the paper provides an overview of background evidence concerning the respective outcomes of legal punishment on the one hand, and offender rehabilitation and treatment on the other. The remainder of the paper turns attention to four specific areas of research and practice in clinical and forensic psychology that reflect some current developments in the practice of therapeutic jurisprudence, in each case illustrating the potential usage of findings in legal settings. They are: (1) Evidence concerning outcomes of psychological therapy and the importance of the ‘working alliance’. (2) Processes of engagement and motivational enhancement at the start of the therapeutic encounter, with particular reference to problems that are not easily resolved. (3) Research and clinical experience concerning how therapeutic activity is planned and progress monitored, and how this can incorporate means of helping to sustain motivation. (4) Supporting the longer-term maintenance of gains through the use of relapse prevention principles. KEYWORDS: maintaining change; motivational enhancement; problem solving; psychotherapy process; relapse prevention; risk management; therapeutic jurisprudence; working alliance. The framework of therapeutic jurisprudence has the family dysfunction, child protection, forensic risk capacity to throw considerable light on the nature and assessment, and scientific and ethical aspects of expert consequences of many legal practices. -
Deputy Chief of Police
The Port of Seattle Police Department is seeking a Deputy Chief of Police Salary: $129,090 - $161,362 D E P U T Y C H I E F O F P O L I C E Excellent opportunity for a talented public safety The Deputy Chief of Police must be a good professional to serve in a well-managed listener, skilled communicator, and team builder. organization and to assist in leading a 101- officer He/She will represent the department on a variety police department that takes pride in its mission, of internal and external panels and coalitions. The services provided, and contribution to quality of Deputy Chief of Police must be a proactive and life. energetic participant in these endeavors, and provide strategic input from the department’s perspective, as well as from the port’s broader CANDIDATE PROFILE perspective. The Port of Seattle Police Department is He/She must have the ability to identify and seeking a strong, decisive individual who analyze issues, prioritize tasks, and develop demonstrates a clear command presence alternative solutions, as well as evaluate balanced with well-developed interpersonal courses of action and reach logical skills. Given the unique nature of the conclusions. department, the Deputy Chief of Police must place a high premium on customer service. The Deputy Chief of Police must be a highly The successful candidate will lead by example, skilled leader and manager of people. As one of setting the tone of honest, ethical behavior, the senior leaders within the department, he or demonstrating integrity beyond reproach. she will partner with the Chief in driving change and continuous improvement.